P. Srinivasa Rao, Pithapuram Q. The difference between bribe and corrupt. Q. What is synergy school? and please define
Q. I would like to know the clarifications of the A. 1) Bribe' is the cash or anything given to a synergy.
following questions. person to make him do something illegal A. Synergy is a technical word. The meaning is,
The difference between moral val- (©çîªç); 2) To bribe means to give cash or the extra energy, power, success etc that we
ues and ethical values. kind given to some one to make them do can get when two or more people or compa-
A. Moral Values = Beliefs a soci-
ety has about what is moral and
illegal things.
Corrupt: Immoral; A corrupt person is
nies working together- Combinedly.
Synergy school = Two or more schools com-
-á-™¸.-â.Æœ.
what is not. bining with one another.
immoral and does illegal things- by accept-
™„j°∂ˇ Ɇ÷q-È®Ø˛q 鬮Ìp-Í®-≠æØ˛ (ᙸ.-â.Æœ.) ÇJn-éπçí¬
Ethical values = Beliefs the mem- Q. What is the usage of As to?
ing bribes, by doing bad things to please
¢Á†’-éπ-•-úÕ† (-É.-G.Æœ.-) NüΔu-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ ᙸ-âÆ‘
bers of a profession (doctors/
important people, and by earning money in A. As to = about/ regarding.
íÓ™„fØ˛ WHx ≤ƒ\©-®˝-≠œ°ˇ Æ‘\¢˛’†’ v°æéπ-öÀç-*çC.
teachers/ priests/ lawyers, etc) have about
what is right or wrong in their profession. bad ways. As to spoken English, the simpler your lan- Ñ °æü∑¿-éπç™ ¶μ«í∫çí¬ ü˨¡-¢√u-°æhçí¬ 1000
eg: A doctor with ethical values does not use Q. Please define concept school. guage is, the better it is = Talking about/ ´’çC NüΔu-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ ≤ƒ\©-®˝≠œ°ˇ©†’ ´’çW®Ω’
their knowledge to harm their patients. Referring to spoken English, the simpler the îË≤ƒh®Ω’.
A. There is no such thing as 'a concept school.
Q. He knows telugu as well as English. This is language is, the better it is. Å®Ω|-ûª©’: 2008–09 NüΔu Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™ Éçô-®˝™
In Andhra Pradesh certain institutes use the
a complex sentence. Please analyse the expression to mean, a school where stu- Q. In the dictionary 'pull up' is given such a way éπFÆæç 60 ¨»ûªç ´÷®Ω’\©’ §ÒçC Öçú≈L. OJ
main clause and subordinate clause in the dents are taught to understand a subject, as pull up (pull something up) to (cause to) ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’© èπ◊ô’ç• ÇüΔߪ’ç Ææç´-ûªq-®√-EéÀ
sentence. come to a stop. Here what is the meaning of ®Ω÷.60000 üΔô-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
different from a school which makes stu-
A. He knows Telugu as well as English - This is cause to?
dents learn by mugging up 'Concept'
(•-öÃd). ü¿-®Ω-ë«Ææ’h: ÇØ˛-™„j-Ø˛™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h îËߪ÷L.
a compound sentence, because 'as well as' actually means the actual idea or a principle A. To cause to = to make/ to be the cause of. ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h, Å®Ω|-ûª©’ ûªC-ûª®Ω N´-®√-©†’ ᙸ.-â.Æœ.
is a conjunction meaning 'and' To pull up (a car, etc) = To cause to (To
behind something. Teaching means teaching
¢Á¶¸-ÂÆj-ö¸™ îª÷úø-´îª’a. -™‰-üΔ ûª´’ ÆæO’°æ
The complex sentence for this is: make) stop a vehicle that a person is driving.
the concept and not, as most residential/
ᙸ.â.Æœ. v¶«ç<™ Ææçv°æ-Cç-îª-´îª’a.
He knows Telugu while he knows English. eg: He pulled up by the side of road = He ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆj-ö¸: www.licindia.in
public schools do, train student in mugging
But this sentence is rather odd and had not brought his car to a stop/ stopped his car by
up lessons. A good school is always a con- ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’hèπ◊ *´JûËC: Çí∫Ææ’d 16.
better be used. It is turning a sentence into the side of the road.
cept school.
complex just for the sake of turning.
Hem: Hi Prem, (I have) not seen you for days. Prem: You can say it again and again. My b) In spite of the
You look run down too. What's the mat- head was in a bandage and both my heavy work at
ter? cheeks were in plaster. My ankle was in home, she is
(î√™« ®ÓV-™„jçC E†’o îª÷Æœ. F®Ω-Ææçí¬ èπÿú≈ a plaster cast. I had an injection twice never run down
éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. àN’öÀ N≠æߪ’ç?) every day. = Éçöx Åçûª-°æE
Prem: I've been in bed for the past week. I am (Ç ´÷ô †’¢Áy-Eo-≤ƒ-È®kxØ√ ÅØÌa/ ´’Sx ´’Sx ÖçúÕ-èπÿú≈ Ç¢Á’
just out. ÅØÌa. ûª© ô÷d éπô’d. îÁç°æ©-O’ü¿ plas- F®Ω-Ææçí¬/ Å©-Æœ-
(í∫ûª¢√®Ωçí¬ Øˆ’ ´’çî√-†-°æ-ú≈f†’. É°æ¤púË ter. Ø√ <©-´’çúø – 鬩÷, §ƒü¿ç éπLÊ° éé’ §Ú-®·-†-ô’dç-úøü¿’.
– plaster éπô’d™ ÖçúÕ-§Ú-®·çC.) 4) To do with - ÉC
2) Bruise=
é¬Ææh •ßª’-ô-éÌ-î√a†’.)
Hem: But why? (à´’-®·çC?) Hem: (Are) you able to walk normally now? î√™« ≤ƒüμΔ-®Ω-ùçí¬ éπE-°œçîË phrasal verb, àüÁjØ√ ®√Ææ’-éÓ-´-úøç-´-©x-í¬F, ¢Ëí∫çí¬ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-
spoken English ™ DEE È®çúø-®√n-©ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. †o-°æ¤púø’ éÀçü¿-°æ-úø-ôç-´©xí¬F Ωtç ™‰*-§Ú-´úøç/
Prem: I had an accident, not major though. I (´÷´‚©’í¬ †úø-´-í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o¢√?)
i) î√©úøç (To be enough)/ î√©-†’-éÓ-´úøç/ ÆæJ-
úÓèπ◊\-§Ú-´úøç/ ®√-èπ◊-§Ú-´úøç.
escaped with just sprains and bruises, Prem: No. I limp a little even now. The doctor
When the bike brushed past him he had
but they were enough to keep me in told me not to mind it but just keep walk- °-ô’d-éÓ-´úøç.
bruises on his sides =
a) I can do with Rs. 15000 a month, but cer-
ing like that.
-¶„jé˙ Åûª-úÕE ®√Ææ’-èπ◊çô÷
bed. Thank God, I had no fractures.
tainly not with less than that. =
¢Á∞¡x-úøç-´©x, ÅûªE °æéπ\©’ úÓèπ◊\-§Ú-ߪ÷®·/ ®√--
(Ø√èπ◊ accident Å®·çC, *†oüË Å†’éÓ. (™‰ü¿’. É°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈ é¬Ææh èπ◊çô’ûª÷ †úø’≤ƒh. ØÁ©èπ◊ 15000 èπ◊Ø√o®·.
®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ î√©’ Ø√èπ◊/ Åçûª-öÀûÓ ÆæJ-°-ô’d-éÓ-
(Bruises Å®·†°æ¤púø’ Ωtç ™‰*-§Ú®· ´’çôí¬
¶„ù’-èπ◊©’, úÓèπ◊\-§Ú-´-úøçûÓ ûª°œpç--èπ◊-Ø√o†’. ú≈éπd®Ω’ üΔ†oçûª °æöÀdç--éÓ-èπ◊çú≈, Å™«Íí
é¬F Å¢Ë ††’o ´’çî√† °æúË-¨»®·. üË´¤úÕ †úø’Ææ÷h Öçúø-´’-Ø√oúø’.) í∫-©†’. Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\-´ûÓ Ø√´©x é¬ü¿’.
b) In these days of rising prices no body can
ÖçúÕ, éÌCl-®Ó-V© ûª®√yûª †©x-•-úø’-ûª’çC).
Hem: Good for you. Hope you'd be normal soon.
5) Cuts and scratches = éÓûª©’, UÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç, î√èπ◊-
ü¿ßª’-´©x á´·-éπ©’/ éÃ∞¡Ÿx N®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’.)
Hem: But how didn't I know it? No one told me (´’ç*üË. ûªy®Ω-™ØË ´÷´‚©’ ÆœnAéÀ ´≤ƒh-´E do with anything less than Rs.5000 a
of it. ÇP-Ææ’hØ√o.) month. ™«xçöÀ ¢√öÀ-´©x, ¢√£æ«-Ø√© Í®èπ◊©’ ûªí∫-©úøç ´©x
éπLÍí éÓûª©’, UÆæ’-èπ◊-§Ú-´-ú≈©’.
(Å®·ûË Ø√È陫 ûÁL-ߪ’- OöÀ-O’ü¿ ¢ËÊÆ band aid
He is a bor n actor
Åûªúø’ £æ«Ùô™¸ †’ç* ´*a-†-ô’x-Ø√oúø’
seems to have come from the hotel.
3) He appears to have been coming.... =
6) He seems to have been coming... = Åûªúø’
hotel †’ç* (í∫ûªç™) ´Ææ’h-†oô’x éπE-°œç-î√úø’.
R. Lakshmi, Mandapeta.
That's how = Å™«ØË. 7) He appeared to be coming... =
Q. éÀçC ûÁ©’í∫’ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. That's how he makes money = 10) He seemed to be coming... =
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 563
Åûªúø’ úø•’s Åûªúø’
´÷ Ŷ«s®· °æ¤öÀd† ûª®√yûª ´÷èπ◊ ¶«í¬ éπLÆœ Ææ秃-CçîËC Å™«ØË/ Åûªúø’ Å™«ØË úø•’s îËÆæ’- (í∫ûªç™ á°æ¤púÓ) £æ«Ùô™¸ †’ç* ´Ææ’h-†oô’x éπE-
´*açC. èπ◊ç-ö«úø’. (That's how = That is how) °œç-î√úø’.
A Our son's birth augured well for us/ Our
. Ch. Govardhan, Pidathapolur. É™«çöÀ Éûª®Ω expressions: 8) He appeared/ seemed .... = (11) to have
son's birth turned our fortunes (for the bet- Q. I can speak English - -Ñ - That's why = That is why = Åçü¿’-éπØË come from the hotel = Åûªúø’ (í∫ûªç™ á°æ¤púÓ)
ter) ¢√éπuç structure °æ®Ωçí¬ à That's why I like him = Åçü¿’-éπØË Åûª-úøçõ‰
£æ«Ùô™¸ †’ç* ´*a-†ô’x éπE-°œç-î√úø’.
tense Will, M.SURESAN 9) He appeared/ seemed .... = (12) to have
Q. ´÷ Å´÷t®· °æ¤öÀd† ûª®√yûª ´÷èπ◊ ü¿Jvü¿ç éÀçCéÀ ´Ææ’hçC? Ø√éÀ≠dçæ .
shall modals à tense éÀçCéÀ been coming from the hotel = £æ«Ùô™¸ †’ç*
That's where we can meet him = ÅûªúÕE
°æöÀdçC. é¬èπ◊çú≈ N’í∫û√
A Our daughter's birth augured ill for us/ the
. ´≤ƒhßÁ÷ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. ´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓí∫LÍíC Åéπ\úË. (í∫ûªç™) ´Ææ’h-†oô’x éπE-°œç-î√úø’.
A. Can, may, must – ÉN present tense éÀçü¿Íé Appear = seem = éπ†-°æ-úøôç/ ÅE°œçîªúøç
birth of our daughter turned our fortunes for That's when = Å°æ¤púË
the worse.
´≤ƒh®·. Å®·ûË ÉN simple present tense That's when we met each other = -¢Ë’N’ü¿l®Ωç
He appears/ seems tired = Åûªúø’ Å-L-Æ œ-§Ú-®·-
verbs ™«í¬ definite future †’ èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-°æ¤- †ô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.
Q. Backroom boys Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†oü¿°æ¤púË.
û√®·. She appears/ seems to know the truth =
A äéπ ´uéÀh/ ÆæçÆæn/ v°æü¿-®Ωz† íÌ°æpûªØ√-EéÀ 鬮Ωèπ◊™„j whosoever = á´-È®jØ√ ÆæÍ®/ á´-J-Èéj-Ø√-ÆæÍ®/ á´-
Q. I can speak English.
. Eïç ûÁL-Æœ-†õ‰d ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC Ç¢Á’èπ◊.
¢Á†-éπ†’ç* †úÕ-Ê°-¢√∞¡Ÿx. ¢√∞¡x éπ%≠œ v°æï-©èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’- I can speak in English
J-ØÁj-Ø√-ÆæÍ® (whoever -Å-F -¢√-úÌa)
K.R.Achari, Vykunthapuram
OöÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? whosoever (whoever) crosses the line will
éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ ã ÆœE´÷ v°æñ«-ü¿-®Ω-ùèπ◊ I can speak English - (É°æ¤púø’) ؈’ ÉçTx≠ˇ
ûÁ®Ω°j éπE-°œçîË †öÃ-†-ô’™‰ 鬮Ωùç é¬ü¿’ éπüΔ? ûÁ®Ω be punished = á´-È®jØ√ (ÆæÍ®) Uûª üΔöÀûË Péπ~ Q. Unless you work hard, you can't pass.
´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©†’. °æúø’-ûª’çC.
¢Á†éπ ÖçúË §∂Òö-ví¬-°∂æ®Ω’x, Uûª ®Ωîª-®·-ûª©’, ÆæçUûª She can reach here tomorrow - Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ
Ñ ¢√éπuç Å®Ωn-´’-®·uçC. é¬F äéπ ví¬´’®˝ •’é˙™
whosoever (whoever) = á´È®j o-Ø√-ÆæÍ® 'Unless' expresses a condition. It means if
ü¿®Ωz-èπ◊©’ èπÿú≈ v°æï-©èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ 鬮Ωùç Í®°æ¤ îË®Ω-í∫-©ü¿’ (future) Whosoever he taught liked his teaching =
Å´¤-û√®Ω’. O∞¡xç-ü¿®Ω÷ backroom boys. ÅçûË not. Unless is negative in sense. So, it
é¬èπ◊çú≈ ã ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ÆæçÆæn íÌ°æpûªØ√-EéÀ ûª´’ ´‹u£æ«- Å™«Íí They may be there now Åûªúø’ á´-JéÀ ¶Cμç-*Ø√ ¢√∞¡x-ûª-úÕ ¶üμ¿† should never be followed by not ÅE ÖçC.
®Ω- üΔy®√ •ßª’ôèπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’èπ◊çú≈ 鬮Ω-èπ◊-©-ßË’u- ¢√∞¡x-éπ\úø ÖçúÌa É°æ¤púø’ (Present) É≠æd°æú≈f®Ω’. ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
They may come tomorrow- ¢√∞¡Ÿx Í®°æ¤ ®√´îª’a
¢√®Ω’ backroom boys. Whosoever he met here told him the same A. 'Unless' should not be followed by not Åçõ‰,
(future)
Q. ®√üμ¿ ´’†Ææ’ §ƒÍ®-Ææ’-èπ◊çC. thing = Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø á´JE éπL-ÆœØ√ ÅüË îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. unless clause
ÖçúË not ™ ®√èπÿ-úø-ü¿E. ÅçûË-
'Must' unless sentence not
A. Radha has lost her heart. (to some one)
èπÿú≈ ÅçûË. Å®·ûË whosoever ≤ƒ-üμΔ®Ω-ùçí¬/ á°æ¤púø÷ îªôd é¬F, Ö†o ™ ®√èπÿ-úø-ü¿-E-
He must come here at 6 everyday. (v°æA-®ÓW -°æ-J-¶μ«≠æ (Legal language) ™†÷, official com- é¬ü¿’.
Q. §ÚLçí˚ àéπ-°æ-éπ~çí¬ ≤ƒTçC. Present
Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ÇJç-öÀéÀ ®√¢√L)– 鬴a/ munications ™†÷ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ´÷´‚- Unless you work hard, you can't pass
A. The poling was one-sided. future present tense
鬴a– DEo-èπÿú≈ éÀçü¿ ©’í¬ Å®·ûË whoever ÅØË ®√≤ƒhç/ Åçö«ç. – Ñ sentence 'unless clause'
™ àC?
Q. Nïߪ’ç ¢√J-ü¿lJ ´’üμ¿u é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ üÓ•÷--™«-úÕçC. ¢√úøû√ç. Q. I do swear, I do believe DEéÀ •ü¿’©’ I swear, Unless you work hard clause
éπ-üΔ – -Ñ ™
A. Victory swayed between the two for a while. present past I believe ®√ßÁ·îª’a éπüΔ. not rule
®√ü¿’. ÅD Å®Ωnç.
Q. Åúø-èπ◊\ç-ú≈ØË üË´¤úø’ Ø√èπ◊ ´®Ωç Éî√aúø’. can could A. I do swear = ؈’ (ûª°æpéπ) v°æ´÷ùç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’.
may might N.Samson, Kamdlagunta.
A. God has offered it to me (without my asking I do believe = ؈’ (éπ*a-ûªçí¬) †´·t-û√†’.
for it) must had to Q.
I swear, I believe éπçõ‰, I do swear, I do
éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
will would believe ņúøç éπ*a-ûªçí¬/ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ÅØË Å®Ωnç
Q. ´÷çÆæç ®Ω’* ´’J-T† °æ¤L í∫úÕf Açô’çüΔ? -†’-´¤y àO’ ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çõ‰ ؈’ E†’o äéπ N≠æߪ’ç
A. Does a tiger having tasted flesh go for shall should ´Ææ’hçC. Åúø-í∫-ü¿-©’--èπ◊-Ø√o†’.
(old fashioned) A. If you don't mind, I wish to ask you one
grass? I did see him here yesterday = E†o ØË-†’
thing.
Q. present Å-ûª-úÕ-E-éπ\úø éπ*aûªçí¬ îª÷¨»†’.
Çví¬ Å†-í¬ØË ´’†èπ◊ ¢ÁçôØË í∫’®Ω’h-éÌ-îËaC OöÀE ¢ËÍ® Å®√n-©ûÓ ™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.
I can speak English =
É™«çöÀN Ø√èπ◊ ÅÆæ©’ †îªa´¤.
K.Ramakrishna, Ongole.
û√ñ¸-´’-£æ«™¸. Ø√èπ◊ ÉçTx≠ˇ´îª’a. A. I don't like at all such things/ I don't like such
A. The mention of Agra brings the Tajmahal to I can speak in English = ؈’ ÉçTx≠ˇ™
Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u™x appear, seem ´’üμ¿u ûËú≈†’ things at all.
our mind. ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©†’ (O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç é¬éπ-§ÚûË) ´÷C °æ™„x-ô÷®Ω’. ™‰üΔ ¢Ë’´· °æ™„x-ô÷J E¢√-Ææ’©ç.
Q. Its ÅØË possessive pronoun Ö†oô’x îÁ§ƒp®Ω’.
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ¢√é¬u-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
Q. v°æ´÷ü¿ç Ø√Íé áçü¿’èπ◊ ï®Ω-í¬L? ´’È®-´-J-ÈéjØ√ 1. He appears to be coming from the hotel. A. We are villagers/ we are from the village
Its †’ Íé´©ç possessive adjective í¬ØË
ïJ-í∫’ç-úÌ-a-éπüΔ? 2. He appears to have come from the hotel. side.
¢√úø-û√®Ω’ éπüΔ. ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. Why should I alone face all this (trouble/ 3. He appears to have been coming from éπ•’®Ω’x îÁ°æp-´ü¿’l.
A. Its - possessive pronoun í¬†÷, possessive
danger, etc)? Why not others? the hotel. A. Stop all this such useless talk.
adjective í¬†÷ È®çúø’ NüμΔ-©’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.