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MIDTERM EXAMINATION
FALL 2007 Marks: 40
STA630 - RESEARCH METHODS (Session - 5 ) Time: 120min
StudentID/LoginID: ______________________________
Student Name: ______________________________
Center Name/Code: ______________________________
Exam Date: Wednesday, November 28, 2007
Please read the following instructions carefully before attempting any question:
§ All questions are compulsory.
§ This exam consists of 10 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) carrying 1 mark each; 5 Fill in
the Blanks carrying 1 mark each; 3 Short Questions carrying 5 marks each; and 1 descriptive
question –carrying 10 marks.
§ For each MCQ, read the available choices carefully and select the most appropriate choice
which you consider is the correct answer.
§ To answer fill in the blanks questions, write the word which you think is the most suitable by
comprehending the whole phrase. More than one answer will be marked zero.
§ Remember not to spend too much time on any one objective type question since all objective
type questions carry equal marks; it is important to manage your time according to the marks
allocated to each question.
§ Save your answer before proceeding to the next question.
§ Do not click the “Finish” button while solving your paper. Once you clicked the “Finish”
button, you will not be able to access your paper again. Click it at the end of your paper. That
means you have submitted your complete paper.
§ A clock is given in the exam software. Software will automatically close at the end of given
time.
§ Use of mobile phone is strictly prohibited. Switch off your mobile phone during the exam.
§ Failure to comply with the Supervisor’s directions will result in your test being cancelled.
Please comply with supervisor’s directions to avoid any unpleasant event.
For Teacher's use only

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total
Marks
Question 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Marks
Question
Marks
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variable?
► (a) Age, temperature, income, height.
► (b) Grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance
► (c) Gender, religion, ethnic group
► (d) Both (a) and (b)
Research method is not applicable in the field of:
► Health care
► Business
► Government offices
► None of the given options
Exploratory research addresses the _____question.
► Why
► How
► What
► If
_________ meanings attached to a concept create problems of measurements.
► Unambiguous
► Vague
► Clear
► Dictionary
The correlation between savings and expenditure is:
► Positive
► Negative
► Perfect
► They are not correlated
The first step in the research process is:
► Preliminary data collection
► Problem definition
► Theoretical framework
► Define broad problem area
Which of the following can be achieved by a longitudinal research design?
► Mapping of change in an organization.
► The change in employment relations over a number of years.
► The experiences of employees who begin work on the same day.
► All of the given options
In the statement 'an examination of the effects of discretionary behavior on employee

performance' discretionary behavior is the:
► Independent variable
► Dependent variable
► Extraneous variable
► Causal variable
Which of the following terms best describes data that were originally collected at an earlier
time by a different person for a different purpose?
► Primary data
► Secondary data
► Experimental data
► Field notes
Internal scale measures
► Order of the object
► Magnitude of the object
► Categorize the object
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 )
Exploratory researchers frequently use data.
researchers primarily want to apply and tailor knowledge to address a specific

practical issue.
An interviewee has a right to refuse to answer any question in the interview. This is called his
__________.
After identifying the appropriate variables, the next step is to discover between
them.
The relationship between the and the theoretical framework is that the former
provides a solid foundation for developing the later.
What are some goals of the literature review?
A sociology student was conducting an observation study of waiters in a restaurant to

monitor their behaviors. During the research project, the field site i.e. the restaurant burnt
down and it was suspected that someone from inside (staff) fired the restaurant. Local legal
authorities requested the research notes and wanted to interrogate the researcher about the
activity in the restaurant. The researcher had a dilemma. He could cooperate with the
investigation and violate the trust, confidentiality and integrity of the ethical research or he
could up hold the confidentiality and protect his subjects but face contempt of court and
difficulty of justice penalties including fines and jail.
i. What type of ethical dilemma it is; confidentiality and right to privacy or deception?
Justify your opinion. (2.5)
ii. Give your suggestions to the researcher what should he do in such a situation? (2.5)
The head-nurse in a hospital would like to have a profile of the patients that come to her
ward.
i. What would be the nature of the study that would be designed? Exploratory, descriptive,
or explanatory? Give reasons for your answer. (2.5)
ii. Would it be a longitudinal or cross-sectional study? How would you explain your answer?
(2.5)
What are some characteristics of a testable hypothesis?
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
FALL 2007 Marks: 40
MKT501 - MARKETING MANAGEMENT (Session - 6 ) Time: 120min
Student Name: ______________________________
Center Name/Code: ______________________________
Exam Date: Tuesday, November 27, 2007


§ This exam consists of ten Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) carrying 1 mark
each; five True/ False statements carrying 1 mark each; three Short Questions
carrying 5 marks each; and one descriptive question carrying 10 marks.
§ For each MCQ, read the available choices carefully and select the most
appropriate choice which you consider is the correct answer – by clicking on the
appropriate check box.
§ For a true/ false statement, recognize the concept and answer accordingly.
§ Do not ask any question about the contents of this examination from anyone.
§ If you believe that some essential piece of information is missing, make an
appropriate assumption and use it to answer the question.
§ Remember not to spend too much time on any one objective type question since
all objective type questions carry equal marks; it is important to manage your
time according to the marks allocated to each question.
§ Do not click the “Finish” button while solving your paper. Once you clicked the
“Finish” button, you will not be able to access your paper again. Click it at the
end of your paper. That means you have submitted your complete paper.
§ A clock is given in the exam software. Software will automatically close at the
end of given time.
§ Use of mobile phone is strictly prohibited. Switch off your mobile phone during
the exam.
§ Failure to comply with the Supervisor’s directions will result in your test being
cancelled. Please comply with supervisor’s directions to avoid any unpleasant
event.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total
Marks
Question 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Marks
Question
Marks
The ‘Call Centers’ are the best in _______________.
► Right Product
► Right Price
► Right Place
► Right Promotion
A philosophy approach in which, consumers will prefer products that are widely available and are
inexpensive is called:
► Product concept
► Production concept
► Marketing concept
► Societal concept
The skimming, penetration, bargaining and bundling are decided in the ______________ of the
Marketing Mix strategy.
► Price Decisions
► Place Decisions
► Product Decisions
► Promotion Decisions
In the current situation of marketing plan, where we must analyze about area size, segmentation,
industry structure, strategic groupings and competition are covered under the:
► Market analysis
► Consumer analysis
► Macro environment analysis
► Internal environment analysis
When a firm is in a strong, but not dominant, position and is following an aggressive strategy of
trying to gain market share, is called:
► Market leader
► Market nicher
► Market follower
► Market challenger
The entire product class that can satisfy a core need with reasonable effectiveness in the product
hierarchy, is known as:
► Brand
► Product class
► Product family
► Product variant
Which one of the following factors is not a cause of delay in new product development process?
► Capital shortage
► Fragmented market
► Lack of sales force
► Faster development time
Advertisement, publicity, distribution, delivery modes, networking of systems and all other
ingredients of marketing are decided under:
► How to launch the product
► When to launch the product
► Where to launch the product
► Why to launch the product
_____ can bring large benefits to consumers and profits to producers.

► Self-service
► Brand image
► Consumer affluence
► Innovative packaging
Under the brand equity measurement, when most of the customers would not resist to buy some of
the specific brands, is known as:
► Brand loyalty
► Brand acceptability
► Brand preference
► Brand leveraging
A marketing oriented firm typically showes the limited product lines.
► True
► False
in the marketing environment, trends must be watched and mechanism should be built to have
information well in advance.
► True
► False
Market penetration, market development and product development are known as ‘Integrative
growth opportunities’.
► True
► False

The market segmentation strategy is also called a focus strategy or niche strategy.
► True
► False
We incorporate the most preferred features into a new product or advertisement during the conjoint
analysis process.
► True
► False
How marketing communication is done by business firms. Discuss a few benefits of such
communication.
Explain how company sales and profits behave during the growth and maturity stages of the
product life cycle.
Branding is the process by which both a brand and brand identity are developed. Being a marketing
manager, what benefits you would seek by establishing a brand.
You are an entrepreneur and want to market a product line of microwave ovens. Your target
market comprises of middle and upper class households. Discuss various strategic decisions you
would take, to provide the right product to your potential customers.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
FALL 2007 Marks: 40
MGT613 - PRODUCTION / OPERATIONS Time: 120min
MANAGEMENT (Session - 5 )
Student Name: ______________________________
Center Name/Code: ______________________________
Exam Date: Wednesday, November 21, 2007
§ This exam consists of 10 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) carrying 1 mark each; 5 Fill in
the Blanks carrying 1 mark each; 3 Short Questions carrying 5 marks each; and 1 descriptive
question –carrying 10 marks.
which you consider is the correct answer, by clicking on the appropriate check box.
§ To answer fill in the blanks questions, write the word which you think is the most suitable by
comprehending the whole phrase.
§ Calculators are allowed to solve numerical problems. Mobile phones are not allowed for the
same purpose.
time.
Failure to comply with the Supervisor’s directions will result in your test being cancelled. Please
comply with supervisor’s directions to avoid any unpleasant event.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total
Marks
Question 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Marks
Question
Marks
Operations manager is responsible for all of the following except:
► Forecasting
► Capacity planning
► Inventory management
► Distribution of organizations’ goods
The sources of competitive advantage include :
► Price
► Quality
► Location
External factors include all of the following except:
► Economic conditions
► Political conditions
► Competitive forces
► Human resources
A 35% chance of demand of 3000 units, 40% chance of demand of 2000 units and 25% chance of
demand of 1000 units represent a state of:
► Certainty
► Uncertainty
► Risk
_________ is an optimistic approach.
► Maximin
► Maximax
► Laplace
► Minimax regret
Using a simple three-period moving average forecast model, what would the forecast of demand be
for the upcoming week 6? The historical demands are shown below:
Week Demand
1 21
2 25
3 20
4 13
5 15
► 22 units
► 18.25 units
► 18.8 units
► 16 units
Technique for fitting a line to a set of points is called ____________.
► Least square line
► Mean Squared Error (MSE)
► Mean absolute Deviation (MAD)
► Regression
Availability can be calculated by the formula:
► (MTBF)/(MTBF+MTR)
► MTR/MTBF
► (MTBF)/(MTBF-MTR)
► (MTR)/(MTR-MTBF)
The formula to calculate breakeven quantity is:
► FC+ R+VC
► R/(FC-VC)
► FC/ (R-VC)
► VC / (R-FC)
_________ is a user of resources to transform inputs into some desired outputs.
► Productive system
► Production system
► Supply chain management
► Lean production system
________ is an elaborated and systematic plan of action with defined resources.
________ is a long term upward or downward movement in data.
________ refers to a situation in which a product, part or system does not perform as intended.
____________strategy is longer in terms of time horizon.
OSHA stands for__________________.
Justify the statement “Both qualitative and quantitative techniques should be used together to
generate a realistic forecast.”
The manager of a crew that installs carpeting has tracked the crew’s output over the past several
weeks, obtaining theses figures:
Week Crew size Yards installed

1 6 962
2 4 870
3 5 940
4 3 820
Compute the labor productivity for each of the weeks. On the basis of your calculations, what can
you conclude about crew size and productivity?
A small building contractor has recently experienced two successive years in which work
opportunities exceeded the firm’s capacity. The contractor must now make a decision on capacity
for next year. Estimated profits under each of the two possible states of nature as shown in the
table below:
Alternative Next year’s demand

Low High
Do nothing $40,000 $30,000
Expand $60,000 $40,000
Subcontract $20,000 $10,000
Now if probabilities of low and high demand are: P (low) = 0.3 and P (high) = 0.7, determine the
expected profit of each alternative. Which alternative is best? Why?
What are the key reasons for poor competitiveness of some companies?
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
FALL 2007 Marks: 40
MGT602 - ENTREPRENEURSHIP (Session - 6 ) Time: 120min
Student Name: ______________________________
Center Name/Code: ______________________________
Exam Date: Wednesday, December 05, 2007
§ This exam consists of 10 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) carrying 1 mark each; 5 True/
False statements carrying 1 mark each; 3 Short Questions carrying 5 marks each; and 1
descriptive question –carrying 10 marks.
which you consider is the correct answer, by clicking on the appropriate check box.
§ For a true/ false statement, recognize the concept and answer accordingly.
time.
Failure to comply with the Supervisor’s directions will result in your test being cancelled. Please
comply with supervisor’s directions to avoid any unpleasant event.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total
Marks
Question 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Marks
Question
Marks
Combination of at least two firms doing similar businesses at the same level is:
► Horizontal Merger
► Vertical Merger
► Product Extension Merger
► Diversified Activity Merger
A ______________ is an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic

activity together.
► Indirect Exporting
► Joint Venture
► Licensing
► Entrepreneurship
Combination of at least two firms at different market levels is:
► Horizontal Merger
► Vertical Merger
► Product Extension Merger
► Diversified Activity Merger
______________ is a method of developing new ideas when the individuals are unaware of
the problem.
► Checklist Method
► Free Association Method
► Gordon Method
► Scientific Method
The spirit of entrepreneurs must be:
► Ethically influenced
► Managerial
► Voluntary
Most of the innovations are:
► Iterative Synthesis
► Ordinary Innovation
► Technological Innovations
► Breakthrough Innovations
The _________________ refers to the ways managers make decisions.
► Administrative domain
► Entrepreneurial domain
► Intrapreneurial domain
Without _______________ , the organization will never be able to make the necessary
change.
► Lower Management
► Top Management
► Middle Management
The companies use the technology to make itself:
► Faster and Flexible

► Faster and Stiff
► Inflexible and rigid
The___________________ is the term used to describe the complete process of bringing a

new product or service to market.
► Idea Stage
► Concept Stage
► Product Development
► Test Marketing Stage
The belief that entrepreneurship is found only in small businesses is a misconception about entrepreneurship.
True
►
False
►
Demographics are the linkage of economies and cultures that foster a business and competitive situation in which
organizations have no national boundaries.
True
►
False
►
Ethics involves the rules and principles that define right and wrong decisions and behaviors.
True
►
False
►
Venture capital is external equity funding provided by professionally managed pools of investor money.
True
►
False
►
Plans are outcomes or end results that are desired by individuals, groups, or organizations.
True
►
False
►
Describe the role of entrepreneurship in existing organizations.
How the entrepreneurial culture differs from the traditional culture?
Why is it important for the entrepreneurs to consider the political legal environment while starting a new venture?
What are the alternatives available for engaging in international business? Briefly Discuss.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
FALL 2007 Marks: 40
MGT411 - MONEY & BANKING (Session - 5 ) Time: 120min
Student Name: ______________________________
Center Name/Code: ______________________________
Exam Date: Monday, November 26, 2007
INSTRUCTIONS:
§ This exam consists of 10 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) carrying 1 mark each; 5
True False carrying 1 mark each; 3 Short Questions carrying 5 marks each; and 1
descriptive question –carrying 10 marks.
§ For each MCQ, read the available choices carefully and select the most appropriate
choice which you consider is the correct answer, by clicking on the appropriate check
box.
§ To answer True False questions click the option which you consider is correct.
§ Remember not to spend too much time on any one objective type question since all
objective type questions carry equal marks; it is important to manage your time
according to the marks allocated to each question.
button, you will not be able to access your paper again. Click it at the end of your
paper. That means you have submitted your complete paper.
§ A clock is given in the exam software. Software will automatically close at the end of
given time.
§ Use of mobile phone is strictly prohibited. Switch off your mobile phone during the
exam.
§ Failure to comply with the Supervisor’s directions will result in your test being
cancelled. Please comply with supervisor’s directions to avoid any unpleasant event.
§ Use of calculator is allowed.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total
Marks
Question 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Marks
Question
Marks
After the specific time period, total repayment of loan is:
► Less than the amount of loan.
► Greater than the amount of loan.
► Equal to the amount of loan.
The GDP deflator is calculated as:
► Nominal GDP/Real GDP
► Real GDP/Nominal GDP
► Nominal GDP – Real GDP
► Real GDP – Nominal GDP
The variance is generally less useful than the standard deviation because:
► It is easier to calculate.
► Variance is a measure of risk while standard deviation is a measure of return.
► Standard deviation is calculated in the same units as payoffs but variance is

not.
Time affects the value of:
► Financial Instruments
► Financial Markets
► Financial Institutions
► Central Banks
If the yield is greater than the coupon rate:
► The price is greater.
► The price is lower.
► No effect on price.
______________investor will always prefer an investment with a certain return:
► A risk-averse.
► A risk-loving.
► Risk- neutral.
Treasury bill is an example of:
► Zero-coupon bonds.
► Fixed payment loans.
► Coupon Bonds.
► Consols.
The price of a 6-month Treasury Bill is-------------than the price of a 1-year Treasury
Bill.
► Lower
► Higher
► Equal to
Changes in the amount of money in the economy are related to changes in:
► Interest rates
► Economic growth
► Inflation
Which of the following is true for a nation’s central bank?
► It makes important decisions about the nation's tax and public spending
policies.
► It lends only to the nation's largest and most important business firms.
► It has many interactions with the nation's citizens and businesses.
► It is responsible for conducting the nation's monetary policy.
Financial institutions provide access to financial markets:
► True
► False
Cheques are used as a final payment:
► True
► False
Inflation affects the purchasing power of a dollar:
► True
► False
Risk arises from certainty about the future:
► True
► False
An asset is liquid if it can be easily converted into money and illiquid if it is costly
to convert:
► True
► False
Describe the basic types of money. Which one is commonly used now a days?
By how many ways we can diversify the risk? Briefly explain them.
Differentiate between E-Money and Stored Value Cards in detail.

Which of these $100 face value 1-year bonds will have a higher yield to maturity?
a. 7% coupon bond selling for $90
b. 10% coupon bond selling for $120
c. 12% coupon bond selling for $130
(Marks: 03+03+03+01)
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
FALL 2007 Marks: 50
IT430 - E-COMMERCE (Session - 6 ) Time: 120min
Student Name: ______________________________
Center Name/Code: ______________________________
Exam Date: Tuesday, December 04, 2007
Please read the following instructions carefully before attempting any

of the questions:
Note: This paper is Close book and Close Handouts. You are not
allowed to use any tool like MS Front Page, Dream Weaver etc. for
attempting the code related questions.
1. Attempt all questions. Marks are written adjacent to each question.

2. Do not ask any question about the contents of this examination from
anyone.
a. If you think that there is something wrong with any of the
questions, attempt it to the best of your understanding.
b. If you believe that some essential piece of information is
missing, make an appropriate assumption and use it to solve the
problem.
c. Write all steps, missing steps may lead to deduction of marks.
**WARNING:
1. Please note that Virtual University takes serious note of unfair

means. Anyone found involved in cheating will get an `F` grade in this
course .
2. Use of cell phone during the examination is strictly prohibited,

otherwise strict disciplinary action will be taken as per university
rules.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
Marks
How does a "for" loop start?
► for (i= 0; i <=5)
► for i=1 to 5
► for (i= 0; i <=5; i++)
► for (i <= 5; i++)
Which Protocol is used for downloading messages to client machine from servers.
► SMTP
► POP3
► IMAP
► POP3 and IMAP
HTML stands for
► Hyper Text Marked Language
► Hyper Text Markup Language
► Hyper Text Member License
► None of all
Choose the correct HTML tag for the largest heading.
► <head>
► <h1>
► <h6>
► <heading>
What is the correct JavaScript syntax to insert a comment that has more than one line?
► /*This comment has

more than one line*/
► //This comment has

more than one line//
► 
► None of all
a) Create an ordered list of your current semester subjects? Write HTML code only. (5)
b) Create an unordered list of your at least 5 hobbies? Write HTML code only. (5)
c) Write the E-Commerce and E-business definitions using definition tags of HTML? (5)
a) What is the difference between Client side Scripting and Server side Scripting? Give
examples of at least two languages each. (5)
b) Consider the following code and display its output and also explain its code in one passage.
(10)
Code:
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function startTime()
var today=new Date()
var h=today.getHours()
var m=today.getMinutes()
var s=today.getSeconds()
// add a zero in front of numbers<10
m=checkTime(m)
s=checkTime(s)
document.getElementById('txt').innerHTML=h+":"+m+":"+s
t=setTimeout('startTime()',500)
function checkTime(i)
if (i<10)
{i="0" + i}
return i
</script>
</head>
<body onload="startTime()">
<div id="txt"></div>
</body>
</html>
a) How do we get the Domain names and IP address? (5)
b) How domain names are resolved into IP addresses? (5)
c) Differentiate between the Router and Switch. At least three differences. (3)
d) Give names of any two networking cables which are used for connectivity purposes. (2)

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Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

Student Name: ______________________________

Center Name/Code: ______________________________

Exam Date: Wednesday, November 28, 2007

For Teacher's use only

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variable?

► (a) Age, temperature, income, height.

► (b) Grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance

► (c) Gender, religion, ethnic group

► (d) Both (a) and (b)

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Research method is not applicable in the field of:

► None of the given options

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Exploratory research addresses the _____question.

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

_________ meanings attached to a concept create problems of measurements.

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

The correlation between savings and expenditure is:

► They are not correlated

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

The first step in the research process is:

► Preliminary data collection

► Define broad problem area

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which of the following can be achieved by a longitudinal research design?

► Mapping of change in an organization.

► The change in employment relations over a number of years.

► The experiences of employees who begin work on the same day.

► All of the given options

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

In the statement 'an examination of the effects of discretionary behavior on employee

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Internal scale measures

► Order of the object

► Magnitude of the object

► Categorize the object

► All of the given options

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 )

Exploratory researchers frequently use data.

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 )

researchers primarily want to apply and tailor knowledge to address a specific

Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 )

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 )

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 )

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 5 )

What are some goals of the literature review?

Question No: 17 ( Marks: 5 )

A sociology student was conducting an observation study of waiters in a restaurant to

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 5 )

Question No: 19 ( Marks: 10 )

What are some characteristics of a testable hypothesis?

Student Name: ______________________________

Center Name/Code: ______________________________

Exam Date: Tuesday, November 27, 2007

§ All questions are compulsory.

For Teacher's use only

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

The ‘Call Centers’ are the best in _______________.

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one