Mid-sem

sem Exam Solution to Engineering Mechanics (10B11CE211), March 2015

SECTION-A
1.
(a) Coplanar forces lie in the same plane whereas in a non
non-coplanar
coplanar forces system, one or
more forces lie in different planes.
(b) Collinear forces are those forces whose lines of action coincide. They may be
opposite or in the same direction.
2.
Moment of a force can be represented by area of a triangle whose base is the force itself
and
apex the point about which moment is to be taken. In the fig. below, M = F x d.
d

3.
A couple is formed by a pair of two equal and opposite forces with some distance
between
them. The couple has only rotating effect on a body but no translation effect. It
has same effect
(moment) about eevery point in its plane. Whereas, a moment is the turning
effect of a single
force about some point
point,, and it has both rotating effect as well as
translation effect. Moment of a
force changes as the point is dislocated.
4.
A simply-supported
supported beam is a determinate
erminate structure and is just stable. Removal of any
one
reaction may cause its collapse. A simple supported beam develops only a single
curvature while
bending due to a un
un-directional loads, and it does not develop bending
moments at the
supports. A ffixed beam is an indeterminate structure and is more stable
than a simply supported
beam. It develops moments at its supports and bends into double
curvature. Failure of one
reaction does not cause collapse of this beam.
5.
Composition of forces means add
adding a given system of forces to get as equivalent single
force giving the same effect as that of the system of forces. Resolution of forces is reverse of
composition, i.e., diving a given force into two or more components along specified
directions
(such as cartesian x and yy-axes).
6.
For planar structures (2D), the equations of equilibrium are:

For space structures (3D), the equations of equilibrium are:

Fx = 0; Fy = 0; Fz = 0
M x = 0; M y = 0; M z = 0

SECTION-B
1. A truss is said to be internally determinate if it has just sufficient number of members
required for stability. Such trusses satisfy the relationships, m = 2j 3 (for plane trusses) or
m = 3j 6 (for space trusses). These trusses are also known as perfect frames. A truss having
extra members than required for limiting stability is known as internally indeterminate truss and
its degree of internal indeterminacy is given by the excess number of members. Such trusses are
also known as redundant frames and satisfy the relationship m > 2j 3 (or m > 3j 6 for space
trusses). The trusses with less members than required for stabilty are unstable trusses and are
known as deficient frames. For such frames, m < (2j 3).
Figure below gives the examples of three type of frames.

(a) Perfect frame.

(b) Redundant frame. (c) Deficient frame