De La Salle University

SCIENCE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Manila
ELM510M
(Exercise No. 2)
Directions: Solve the following statistical problems manually and using
the SPSS. Show all pertinent steps in your manual solutions. Further,
submit the data view display of you analysis apart from the SPSS
outputs.
I.

One-Factor ANOVA
1. A clinical psychologist is interested in evaluating treatments
for panic attacks. The number of reported panic attacks
during the 6-month program of treatment is used as the
dependent variable.
Fifteen clients suffering from panic
disorder are randomly assigned to three conditions. In the
Breathing condition, clients are taught how to breathe slowly
and deeply at the first sign of attack.
Clients in the
Medication condition are given 1 mg of a medicine, three
times a day. Clients in the Control condition are not provided
with any treatment. The data are presented in the following
table. Determine mean differences, if any, using the ANOVA
and the most appropriate multiple comparison procedure and
write a sound non-statistical interpretation of the statistical
results.
Breathing
16
22
15
9
13

Medication
12
15
13
18
12

Control
9
12
16
18
10

2. A clinical psychologist hypothesizes that tension procedure by

frustration can be relieved if the person is allowed to respond
aggressively.
However, it is unknown what form the
aggression must take in order for tension reduction to occur.
All subjects in the experiment are asked to complete an
intellectually demanding task. While working on the task, the
experiment keeps interrupting the subject, correcting
mistakes, offering advice, and slowing the progress of the
subject. After this phase of the experiment, the independent

variable is defined by the opportunity afforded the subject to

express aggression.
In the Overt Aggression condition,
subjects become a teacher and are required to administer a
loud, noxious noise when a confederate-learner makes a
mistake on a memory task.
In the Verbal Aggression
condition, subjects are asked to write an evaluation of the
experiment, which will be made available to the
experimenters supervisor.
In the Fantasy Aggression
condition, subjects are given the Thematic Apperception Test.
This test is compared to several pictures depicting, for the
most part, interpersonal scenes. The subject is asked to make
up a story for each card, thus allowing for the expression of
aggressive fantasies. The dependent variable is the change in
systolic blood pressure from just after the frustration induction
experience to just after the opportunity for subjects to express
aggression.
Use = 0.05 to test the null hypothesis. Conduct all possible
post hoc comparisons if the F test is significant.
Opportunity for Aggression
Overt
Verbal
Fantasy
-10
-2
0
-5
+2
-4
-8
0
0
-3
-1
+5
-11
-5
0
+3
+1
-2
-15
-9
0
+3
-1
-2
+4
0
-6
-12
-3
-2
-3
-5
-4
+6
-1
0
3. Researchers have noted that chronic severe musclecontraction headaches respond quite well to antidepressant
medication, as well as biofeedback for relaxing the muscles of
the forehead. A health psychologist is interested in making
direct comparison between these two modes of treatment.
Forty-five headache sufferers are randomly assigned to three
conditions: Medication, Biofeedback and No Treatment control.
Treatment lasts for 5 months, during which time the number
of weekly headaches is recorded. Conduct an F test ( =
0.05) and post hoc comparisons to determine the relative

effects of these three treatment conditions. The raw scores

are the average number of headaches per week, over the 5month period of treatment.

Medication
2
1
2
6
7
8
6
3
2
0
1
2
0
4
5
II.

Biofeedback
4
2
3
5
4
2
7
4
0
3
0
5
1
2
3

Control
5
7
8
10
8
2
8
8
2
5
1
6
2
1
8

Two-Factor ANOVA
1. An educational psychologist is interested in the effects of
delayed feedback on learning, and if delayed feedback
operates differently as a function of educational level. All
subjects, comprised of freshmen and seniors, are
administered a 15-question test; after answering the
questions, the subjects are given the correct answers at
various intervals, depending on which experimental condition
they are assigned. All subjects are given the same test four
days later. The dependent variable is how many questions
they answer correctly. Set alpha at 0.05.
Source
Factor A

Freshmen

No Delay

Factor B
2-Hr Delay

15
12
13
10
11

7
9
5
8
8

1-Day
Delay
4
6
7
7
7

Seniors

13
15
13
10
10

6
5
6
9
6

8
5
5
6
7

2. An experimental psychologist hypothesizes that a High-drive

state will increase errors on a mental arithmetic task in
comparison to a Low-drive state.
Drive state is
experimentally manipulated by telling half the subjects that
performance on the task is related to intelligence (High-drive
state). Subjects in the Low-drive condition are told that their
answers to the problems are to be used as normative data for
a future study. The researcher also hypothesizes that drive
state will interact with the difficulty of the task.
More
specifically, subjects experiencing high drive will not perform
as well the task is difficult rather than easy. Subjects in the
Difficult condition receive more complicated problems than
those subjects in the Easy condition. The researcher is
predicting a main effect for drive, and an interaction between
task difficulty and level of drive state.
The dependent
variable is the number of errors made over a long series of
mental arithmetic problems. Perform a two-factor ANOVA on
the following data, with alpha set at 0.05. You will find that
there are main effects for both factors, in addition to a
significant interaction. Answer the following questions.
a. What accounts for the interaction?
b. How should the main effects be interpreted in view of the
significant interaction?
Source

High drive
Drive State:
Factor A
Low drive

18
10
19
15
20
16
12
10
22
20

Task Difficulty: Factor B

Easy
Difficult
12 15
28 20 19
16 18
30 15 15
15 20
35 30 27
12 17
37 37 29
22 17
25 29 30
14 15
15 17 18
29 20
20 25 16
27 20
10 16 25
30 25
18 13 11
16 19
19 12 16