ABSTRACT

With the increasing levels of technology, the efforts being

put to produce any kind of work has been continuously
decreasing. The efforts required in achieving the
desired output can be effectively and economically be
decreased by the implementation of better designs.
A Hydraulic jack is an example of hydraulic machinery in
which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used
to raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it
works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The
mechanical advantage of a hydraulic jack is the ratio of
the load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is
operated by applying force on handle. The height of the
jack is adjusted by turning a release valve and this
adjustment can be done either manually or by integrating
an electric motor.
In this project, an electric motor will be integrated with
the hydraulic jack and the electricity needed for the
operation will be taken from the battery of the
vehicle and thereby the mechanical advantage will be
increased.

Keywords: D.C motor, Lifting Arm, Gear ratio, speed

reduction.

Table of Contents
I.

Introduction

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Hydraulics
Pascals law
Hydraulic jack
Types of hydraulic jack

II. Components
I.
II.
III.

Bottle Hydraulic jack

DC motors
RF circuit

III. Construction and working of jack

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Hydraulic cylinder
Release valve mechanism
Lever mechanism
RF circuit

IV. Images of hydraulic jack

V. Other considerations
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.

Maintenance of jack
Operating instructions
Safety instructions
Application
Comparative study

Conclusion

I.

Introduction

(A) Hydraulics :Hydraulics is a field of applied science and

engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of
fluid. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical
foundation of hydraulics, which focuses on the

engineering uses of fluid properties. In fluid power,

hydraulics is used for the generation, control &
transmission of power by the use of pressurized liquid.
Hydraulic range through most science and engineering
disciplines, and covers concepts such as pipe flow, dam
design, fluidics and fluid control circuitry, pumps,
turbines, hydropower, computational fluid dynamics
and flow measurement.
Basics of Hydraulics:
I. Classification of hydraulics
a) Hydrostatics:Fluid statics or hydrostatics is the branch of fluid
mechanics that studies fluids at rest. It embraces the
study of the conditions under which fluids are at rest in
stable equilibrium; and is contrasted with fluid dynamics,
the study of fluids in motion. Hydrostatics offers physical
explanations for many phenomena of everyday life, such
as why atmospheric pressure changes with altitude, why
wood and oil float on water, and why the surface of water
is always flat and horizontal whatever the shape of its
container.

b) Hydrodynamics:Hydrodynamics refers to the study of liquids in

motion. It usually determines the flow of fluids and a
good example would be a pipeline and the flow of

petroleum though it. This branch of study is part of a

larger field called hydraulics that studies how energy and
forces interrelate with fluids.
II.

Pressure

Pressure is a force exerted against a specific

area (force per unit area) expressed in psi (pounds per
square inch), Bar, or Pascal. Pressure can cause an
expansion, or resistance to compression, of a fluid that is
being squeezed. A fluid is any liquid or gas (vapor).
An example of the pressure is the air (gas) that
fills an automobile tire. As a type is inflated, more air is
squeezed into it that it can hold. The air inside a tire
resists the squeezing by pushing outward on the casing of
the tire. The outward push of the air is pressure. Equal
pressure throughout a confined area is a characteristic of
any pressurized fluid.
P= F/A

Common symbols

SI unit

Pascal (Pa)

In SI base units

III.

Force

kg/(ms2)

The force is an external agent which produces

or tends to produce change in the state of rest, motion
shape or size of an object and is expressed in Newton. It
is a vector quantity. The Newton is SI unit for force.
An example of force is to raise a body, to
displace a body from one place to the other, to stop a
moving body etc. The relationship of force, pressure, and
area is follows:
F= P.A

Common symbols

F, F

SI unit

newton

In SI base units

1 kgm/s2

Derivations from
other quantities

F=ma

(B) Pascals law :Blaise Pascal formulated the basic law of

hydraulics in the mid of 17th century. He discovered that
pressure exerted on a fluid is equal in all directions. His
law states that pressure in a confined fluid is
transmitted undiminished in every direction and acts
with equal force in equal areas and at right angles to
containers wall.
According to this law, In a closed liquid the
pressure applied at any part is equally transmitted in
all the directions and in the same amount.
OR
If a liquid is in equilibrium then the pressure in
the every part of it is equal.

Fig. Pascals law

(C) Hydraulic jack :Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop work,
rather than as an emergency jack to be carried with the
vehicle. Use of jacks not designed for a specific vehicle
requires more than the usual care in selecting ground
conditions, the jacking point on the vehicle, and to
ensure
stability
when
the
jack
is
extended. Hydraulic jacks are often used to lift
elevators in low and medium rise buildings.
A hydraulic jack uses a fluid, which is
incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder by a pump
plunger. Oil is used since it is self- lubricating and
stable. When the plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of
the reservoir through a suction check valve into the
pump chamber. When the plunger moves forward, it
pushes the oil through a discharge check valve into the
cylinder. The suction valve ball is within the chamber
and opens with each draw of the plunger. The
discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and opens
when the oil is pushed into the cylinder. At this point
the suction ball within the chamber is forced shut and
oil
pressure
builds
in
the
cylinder.
Hydraulic jack is a device used for lifting
automobile & heavy machines. Thus a hydraulic jack is
mechanical arrangement that uses the power of fluid to
lift heavy objects.

(D) Types of hydraulic jacks :(I) Bottle hydraulic jack

In a bottle jack the piston is vertical and directly
supports a bearing pad that contacts the object being
lifted. With a single action piston the lift is somewhat
less than twice the collapsed height of the jack, making
it suitable only for the vehicles with a relatively high
clearance. For lifting structures such as houses the
hydraulic interconnection of multiple vertical jacks
through the valves enables the even distribution of
forces while enabling close control of lift.

Fig.
Bottle hydraulic jack

(II) Hydraulic floor jack

In a floor jack a horizontal piston pushes on the short
end of the
bell-crank, with the long arm providing
vertical motion to the lifting pad, kept horizontal with
horizontal linkage. Floor jacks usually include castors and
wheels, allowing compensation for arc taken by the lifting
pad. This profile provides low profile when collapsed, for
easy operating underneath the vehicle, while allowing
considerable extension.

Fig. Hydraulic floor jack

(III) Strand hydraulic jack

A strand jack (also known as strand-jack) is
a jack used to lift very heavy (e.g. thousands tons or
more with multiple jacks) loads for construction and
engineering purposes. Strand jacks were invented
in Europe in the 1970s in the development of post
tensioning systems and are now used all over the world
to erect bridges, offshore structures, refineries, power
stations, major buildings and other structures where the
use of conventional cranes is either impractical or too
expensive.

Fig. Strand hydraulic jack

(IV) Toe hydraulic jack -

Fig. Toe jack

II. Components
(A) Bottle Hydraulic Jack :Description:A bottle hydraulic jack operates on principle of
Pascals Law. Bottle or hand jacks, came into wide spread
popularity during the early part of the 20th Century,
paralleling the boom of the automobile industry. They
filled the immediate need of a small convenient device
requiring only one person to operate that could lift an
automobile off the ground for servicing - It quickly found
hundreds of other uses in the modern world, as well.

A bottle jack or whiskey jack is a hydraulic

jack which resembles a bottle in shape, having a
cylindrical body and a neck, from which the hydraulic
ram emerges. They have a capacity of up to 50 tons and
may be used to lift a variety of objects. Typical uses
include the repair of automobiles and house foundations.
Larger, heavy-duty models may be known as a barrel
jack.
This type of jack is best used for short vertical lifts. Blocks
may be used to repeat the operation when a greater
amount of elevation is required.

Fig. PROE drawing of bottle hydraulic jack

(B) Dc motors :Motor is a device which converts electrical energy

into mechanical energy. DC motors are electric motors
that are powered by direct current (DC), such as from a
battery or DC power supply. Their commutation can be
brushed or brushless. The speed of a brushed DC motor

can be controlled by changing the voltage alone.

Consequently, motors that are powered by AC require a
change in frequency to change speed, involving more
complex and costly speed control. This makes DC motors
better suited for equipment ranging from 12VDC systems
in automobiles to conveyor motors, both which require
fine speed control for a range of speeds above and below
the rated speeds.

(C) RF circuit :Description:RF 4 channel remote control is a combination of RF

transmitter with 4 switches and RF receiver contains 4
relays, which can be controlled wirelessly. This makes the
unit very easy to operate and integrate with existing
systems. Keys 1 to 4 on the remote control operate the
corresponding relay on the receiver board, i.e. button 1
operate relay 1, button 2 operate relay 2, like this.
Features of receiver(1)
(2)
(3)

Four channels each individually controlled

Relay indicator LED
Receiver operates from 12V DC power supply

Features of transmitter(1)
(2)

4 button each individually controlled

Transmit data indicator LED

(3)
Transmit operating range up to 100 to 200 m
under open field condition
(4)
Operating voltage 9V to 12V
Application:

Smoke & fire alarm system

Garage door controllers
Security system
Car alarm systems

Fig. RF reciever circuit

Fig. RF transmitter circuit

III. Construction & working of jack

A.

Construction & working of hydraulic cylinder:-

The cylinder fabricated for the jack has a sleeve in

which the piston reciprocates during operation. The
cylinder material is cast iron and welded with an iron
base plate. The plate is gas welded below the hollow cast
iron cylinder. There is an opening for oil in the base of
cylinder.
A cast iron head cover is designed for covering the
cylinder from upper end. The piston has an oil rubber to
seal the fluid in cylinder during operation. The piston rod
is fitted with the piston and screw nut on the other end.
The hear cover is locked with the help of circlip lock. A
hole is made in the head cover to release air from the
upper hollow portion of cylinder while reciprocating
motion.
When fluid pushed by the pump into the cylinder
from the inlet opening given below, it pushes the piston
up in the cylinder and thus linear motion is obtained by
displacement of piston in the cylinder.

B. Construction and working of release

mechanism:-

valve

Release valve is used to release the pressure from

hydraulic cylinder. In normal release valve is rotated by
hand. But in this jack it is operated with the help of motor.
Opening of release valve causes release in pressure i.e.
ram is lowered. When release valve is closed it maintains
applied pressure inside the hydraulic cylinder, thus ram is
raised.
Pressure control valve is operated by motor which is
mounted on the base plate. Motor moves on clockwise or
anti clockwise direction according to polarity. When motor
rotates in clockwise direction then pressure release valve
is closed and if polarity is reversed motor rotates in
counterclockwise direction causing valve to open. Motor
is operated by means of RF circuit.

Fig. PROE drawing of release valve motor

C. Construction
mechanism:-

and

working

of

lever

To create the pressure effect in the large cylinder which

contains ram oil pumping has to be done in the small
cylinder. Generally oil pumping is done with the help of a
rod. Rod is moved in up and down direction by hand so
as to create pressure and lift the ram. This movement of
rod can be done by means of motor. Mechanism similar to
slider-crank mechanism can be used to achieve up-down
movement of rod.
As lever requires reciprocating motion the motor
output should also converted into reciprocating motion. A
DC motor gives rotary motion as an output. A simple
slider crank mechanism can convert rotary motion into
reciprocating motion. Thus a motor shaft is fixed with a
plate provided with a crank. This crank is then connected
to lever. Thus when motor starts crank gives reciprocating
motion to the lever as required.

Fig. PROE drawing of oil pimping mechanism

Fig. PROE drawing of lever mechanism motor

D. Working of RF circuit:Receiver circuit is connected to battery of

12V/5A.This receiver circuit control power to be
provided to operating circuits. One channel of RF
receiver controls motor which drives the oil
pumping lever mechanism. Another channel
controls the mechanism of pressure release valve.
Transmitter has switches which gives signals to
decoder produced by encoder. These signals are
transmitted by RF signals to receiver circuit.

Receiver circuit has decoder which gives signals

consequently and starts/stops circuit as required.

IV. Images of hydraulic jack

Fig. PROE drawing of HYDRAULIC JACK

V. Other considerations
(A) Maintenance of jack :When the jack is not in use, keep the cylinder
fully retracted. Store the jack on its base and in well
protected areas where it will not be exposed to any
corrosive vapors, any other abrasive dust or any other
harmful elements. Visually inspect the jack before use.
Take corrective actions if any of the following problems
are found:

Cracked or damaged housing

Excessive wear, bending or other damage
Loose hardware
Leakage of hydraulic fluid

Some maintenance techniques associated with hydraulic

jack:
1. When the jack is not in use, piston must be in their
lowest positions to minimize corrosion.
2. Keep the jack clean and lubricate all moving parts
with acid free oil on a regular basis.
3. To check oil level, fully lower the jack. Remove the
filler plug. The correct oil level is to the bottom of the
filler plug opening.
4. After a year of extensive use, the oil should be
replaced.

5. To replace the oil fill as required. Pump (unloaded

jack) 5 or 6 times to expel air. Pump jack to full
height and pour off excess oil before refitting plug.
6. Periodically check the pump piston and piston rod for
signs of corrosion. Clean exposed areas with a clean
oiled cloth.

(B) Operating instructions:1. Check that the ground upon which the jack will stand
is level and solid.
2. Position the jack saddle under the vehicle
manufacturers recommended lifting point.
3. Using the screw extension necessary raise the saddle
to the lifting point.
4. Pump the unit until the required height is achieved.
5. Ensure that the suitable axles stands are provided
and removed after and before jacking. The lowering
speed is controlled by the amount of release valve is
opened. Turn anti-clockwise and lower slowly and
carefully.

(C) Safety instructions:1.

Regularly inspect and lubricate jack to ensure it in

good working order and condition. Does not use
the jack if damaged or a fault is suspected-check
section 5 troubles shooting. If necessary,
immediately repair or replace damaged parts.

2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

7.

8.
9.

10.
11.

12.
13.
14.

Use recommended parts only; the use of

unauthorized parts may be dangerous.
Use jack on level and solid ground, preferably
concrete.
Park the vehicle and apply hand brake. Switch off
the engine and place chokes under the wheels.
Ensure a minimum distance of 0.5 m between
vehicle and static objects such as doors, walls, etc.
to allow for tilting during jacking.
Ensure all persons are out of the vehicle before
jacking. Do not enter vehicle whilst it is supported
on the jack or axle stands.
Check lifting point is centered and stable on jack
saddle. Positions jack so as to avoid, operating it
from under vehicle.
Keep hands etc. clear of moving parts during
raising and lowering of the vehicle.
DO NOT exceed the rated capacity of the jack and
do not operate the jack beyond its maximum pump
stroke.
DO NOT try to move the vehicle, or try to start the
engine, when the vehicle is jacked up.
DO NOT jack a vehicle if it may result in the
spillage of fuel, battery acid, or other dangerous
substances.
Do not place any part of your body under vehicle
whilst it is supported by the jack.
DO NOT use jack to support extensions or cradles.
DO NOT top up jack with brake fluid. Use hydraulic
oil only. Do not adjust the safety overload valve.

(D) Applications:In the automotive world the 1 1/2 through 5 ton jacks are
popular for cars and light trucks, the 8 and 12 ton models for
Recreational Vehicles and medium to heavy duty trucks while the 20 ton
bottle jacks are used primarily for 'big rig' tractor trailers.
Bottle jacks and variations thereof appear in fields as diverse as
medicine (for patient lifts, examine tables, hydraulic stretchers),
plumbing (pipe benders), electrical (cable slicers), printing (paper
cutters) warehousing (material handling), agriculture (equipment
maintenance), construction (pushing, pulling, hoisting or lifting), food
industry (from pallet jacks to pressing apple juice or sausages) metal
shops (bending, cutting and fabricating) and in dozens of applications
too numerous to mention.

(E) Comparative study:Usually normal hydraulic jacks are used to lift

heavy vehicles & small cars. More energy and physical
work is required to lift such a heavy load. While in case of
automatic hydraulic jack power required to lift load is
less. So that automatic hydraulic jack is easy in use. In
case of automatic hydraulic jack, operator is not near the

jack so that it will not harm an operator. While it is not

safe for operator in case of normal jack if any failure
occurs. Normal hydraulic jack is operated by person so
time required to lift load is more. Since automatic
hydraulic jack operates electrically so that operation is
completed in less time.

VI. Conclusion
This project as a remote controlled hydraulic jack
performed well and model is working fine as expected
during design. We all worked in a team to get these
positive results. We machined the components by own
and got help from others to fabricate components like
mechanisms, RF circuits. We thought creatively
throughout the project and solved every problem
occurred regarding to project. We used knowledge of
subjects which we learned in our semesters. We used
knowledge of Fluid mechanics, fluid machinery,
machining, CAD etc. We performed on the machines and
also we created drawings on PROE design software.
Overall we fabricated model according to our idea.
Before we began this project we dont have much
experience with hydraulic machines, metal cutting and
designing software. We have gained set of skills in these
areas during this project. Finally its a team work
whatever we achieved.