EFFECT OF DRIVE HEAD AND AIR CHAMBER

VOLUME TO HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP

PERFORMANCE AT DELIVERY HEAD 3,5 M
Indra Herlamba Siregar1, Mukhammad Sofwan2
1,2

Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of State University of Surabaya Ketintang Street

Surabaya, Indonesia
Email : 1indra_adsite2006@yahoo.com, 2 mukhammad.sofwan@gmail.com

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Introduction

Recently, as global-scale problems, such as global warming and

desertification, have attracted attention, the importance of future environmental
preservation has been emphasized worldwide, and various measures have been
proposed and implemented. In the field of energy- and life-related technology, a
variety of fluid machines play an important role in the infrastructure of society,
and more energy-saving and resource-saving machinery will be needed [1].
Hydraulic ram pumps effectively use the water hammer phenomenon,
which imposes a problem in fluid pipeline networks including pumps, and allow
fluid transport without drive sources, such as electric motors. They have been
proposed and made in various sizes and configurations, mainly for educational
purposes [1], [2], [3].
In addition, the results of experiments that examined the effectof the
geometric form of water hammer pumps by varying the length and angle of the
drive pipe, the water level in the water tank, and the weight and lift of the drain
valve have been reported [4], [5]. A paper has also been published analyzing the
water hammer phenomenon numerically by using the characteristic curve
method for comparison with experimental results [6]. However, these
conventional studies have not fully evaluated the pump performance in terms of
pump head and flow rate, common measures indicating the performance of
pumps.

With this being the situation, as a first stage for the understanding of
water hammer pump performance in comparison to the characteristics of typical
turbo pumps, the previous study [7] experimentally examined how the basic
hydrodynamic characteristics were affected by the inner diameters of the drive
and lift pipes, the form of the air chamber, and the angle of the drive pipe,
which are believed to be representative geometric form factors of water hammer
pumps. Focusing on the behavior around the drain valve affecting the
characteristics of water hammerpumps, the previous study alsoclarified the
effect of the length of the spring attached to the drain valve [8].

Style and Formatting

50
40
30
Hidram Pump Eff (%)

Vac = 2,4 litre

20

Vac = 2,8 litre

Vac = 3,2 litre

10
0
1.5

1.7

1.9

Drive Head (m)

80
70
60
50
Beat per Minute

40

2,4 litre

30

2,8 litre

20

3,2 litre

10
0
1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

Drive Head

1.9

7
6
5
4
Vac = 2,4 litre

Qd (l/min) 3

Vac = 2,8 litre

Vac = 3,2 litre

1
0
1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

Drive Head (m)

Table 1. Experimental factors of hydraulic ram pump

Geometrical form factor

Experimental

Drive Pipe

Drive Head

Delivery Pipe
Delivery Head

Air Chamber

Inner diameter
(mm)
Length L
(m)
Angle
()
Head H
(m)
Inner diameter
(mm)
Length L
(m)
Head h
(m)
Height
(mm)
Inner
diameter
(mm)

Figure 3.2 Air Chamber

Nomenclature (if necessary)

condition
25.4
4
22.5
1.5

1.75

12.7
3.3
3,5
300

350
101,6

400

References

Within the text, references should be cited by giving last name of the
author(s) and the order number in the reference as:
Whitson [1] has studied .
...... the resulting equation is [2]:
2

x
y

r2
4
9
(2)

(2)

Note that in the case of three or more authors, only the last name of the
first author is cited and the others are denoted by et al. The same rule is
also hold for header title in even page.
Use the same typeface as the body of the text for the references, or just
type Reference in style box. Examples are:
[1]

Saito, Sumio., Takahashi, Masaaki., Nagata, Yoshimi., Effects of

the Air Volume in the Air Chamber on the Performance of Water

Hammer Pump System, International Journal of Fluid Machinery

and Systems, Vol. 4, No. 2, April-June 2011.
[2]

Engineers, Series B, Vol. 76, No. 767, 2010-7, pp. 10281034.Sutasurya, L.A., Handojo, A. & Riyanto, B., Title of book, 2nd
ed., Publisher, 5-10, 1999. (Book)

[3]

Williams, J., Name of Paper, Name of Book, Name of the editor(s)

(ed(s).), Publisher, pp. 67-69, 2001. (Book with paper title and
editor)

[4]

Williams, J., Title of paper, in Name of Proc., Name of the editor(s)

(ed(s).), pp. 5-10, 2004. (Conference Proceedings)

[5]

Name of the author(s), Title of paper (if available), Organization,

URL Link, (1 April 1999). (URL Link)

[6]

Rashid, L., Title of Dissertation, PhD dissertation, Name of Dept.,

Name of Univ., City, 1997. (Thesis or Dissertation)

Manuscript Content

The contents of the paper should be in the following order:

1

Title of Paper

1. Author names and affiliation

2. Abstract

3. Body of the text (Introduction . Conclusion)

4. Acknowledgements
5. Nomenclature
6. References

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Acknowledgement
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