FTTH
"Fiber To The Home" known as FTTH is Fibre Optic cable being
installed from the telephone exchange to the Home and is used
to deliver communications such as broadband, digital TV and
telephone.
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION:
Introducing the fiber in the local loop was envisaged nearly 20 years
ago.1–3 As the quality of the optical fiber was improving, efficient
transmitters and receivers appeared, it seemed possible to build an access
network that would be based on the optical technology. Due to the lack of
active units in the light path the architecture of
the system was simple, cost effective and offered bandwidth that was not,
and still is not, possible to achieve by other access methods.
However, the initial progress in the development of optical networks was
slowed to a halt by economical and technological factors. The Internet
was not as widespread then as it is now and customers were not ready to
pay for the broadband access. It was envisaged that a narrow band
Integrated Services Digital Network access would be sufficient for most
of the users until year 20104 and only handful of business customers
would need broadband access.
Rapid progress in development of different types of the Digital Subscriber
Loop (DSL) technology and its widespread adoption in the nineties was
another factor impeding the deployment of FTTH. As the average transfer
rate of 6Mbps could be achieved over DSL, the cost of replacing existing
copper infrastructure with optical cables was not justified from the
economical point of view.
In recent years there has been a new interest in access methods based on
the optical fiber. A couple of major factors are behind the motivation to
revive this powerful idea. From the social point of view the Internet has
become phenomenally popular and the number of customers requiring
broadband access and willing to pay
for it is increasing steadily despite the slumps in the global economy.5
New services such as High Definition Television (HDTV) have been
developed that require more bandwidth that can be provided by DSL or
Cable Modems. Moreover, a further growth in the number of people
requiring broadband access is forecasted. Much
of the current development of broadband networks based on the optical
technology has been achieved as a result of an active and stimulating role
of governmental agencies. They are responsible for implementing policies
that encourage the development of the broadband access networks as a
way to increase the computer literacy amongst citizens. This is especially
the case in Asian countries, where the penetration of broadband access is
the greatest.
Growing demand for high speed internet is the primary driver for the new
access technologies which enable experiencing true broadband. Today,
there is an increasing demand for high bandwidth services in market
around the world. However, traditional technologies, like Digital
Subscriber Line (DSL) and cable modem technologies, commonly used
for ‘broadband access, which have access speed to the order of a megabit
per second, with actual rates strongly dependent on distance from the
exchange (central office) and quality of the copper infrastructure, can not
fulfill today’s customer demand for bandwidth hungry applications such
as high-definition TV, 3-D TV, high-speed internet access, video on
demand, IPTV, online gaming, distance learning etc. Amongst various
technologies, the access methods based on the optical fiber has been given
extra emphasis keeping into long term perspective of the country. It has
many advantages over other competing access technologies of which
‘Being Future Proof’ and providing ‘True Converged Network’ for high
quality multi-play are the salient ones. The stable and long term growth
of Broadband is, therefore, going to be dependent on robust growth of
fiber in the last mile.
CHAPTER-2
WHY FTTH:
CHAPTER-3
FTTH NETWORKS:
BSNL is rooling out its FTTH network using PON (Passive Optical
Networks) technologies. A PON is based on the premise of a point-to-
multipoint architecture. Passive Optical Network is essentially a cost
effective optical fiber based access system for providing (broadband,
voice, video, data etc) services.
A Passive Optical Networks (PON) use optical fiber and optical power
splitters to connect the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at the local exchange
(CO) to the subscriber’s Optical Network Unit (ONU) on his premises.
Passive splitters are located downstream from the CO and can split the
fiber signal up to 32 or more times over a maximum distance of 20 km.
CHAPTER-4
TECHNOLOGIES:
The broadband, voice, data & video etc services will run on this network.
All these services clubbed into a brand name Next Generation Play
Network (NGPN). These services will be rolled out in phase manner.
Article I. CHAPTER-5
Definition of terms
CHAPTER-6
Fiber configurations that bring fiber right into the building can offer
the highest speeds since the remaining segments can use standard
Ethernet or coaxial cable. Fiber configurations that transition to
copper in a street cabinet are generally too far from the users for
standard Ethernet configurations over existing copper cabling. They
generally use VDSL at (downstream) speeds of several tens of
megabits/sec.
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER-8
BASIC BLOCK
CHAPTER-10
CHAPTER-11
The fiber based network infrastructure between central office and the
home.
CHAPTER-12
BPON suffers from the very aggressive optical timing of ATM and the
high complexity of the ATM transport layer. ATM-based FTTH solutions
face the problems posed by the provisioning (requires ATM-based central
office equipment), complexity (in timing requirements and protocol
complexity) and subsequent cost of components. This cost is exacerbated
by the relatively small market for traditional ATM equipment used in the
backbone telecommunications network.
GE-PON or Ethernet in the First Mile has been ratified as the IEEE
802.3ah EFM standard and is already widely deployed in Asia. It uses
Ethernet as its native protocol and simplifies timing and lowers costs by
using symmetrical 1 Gbps data streams using standard 1Gbps Ethernet
optical components. Like other Ethernet equipment found in the extended
network, Ethernet-based FTTH equipment is much lower-cost relative to
ATM-based equipment and the streamlined protocol support for an
extended Ethernet protocol simplifies development. Specific to PMC-
Sierra, the GigaPASS architecture that is designed for gigabit throughput
for GE-PON devices is adaptable for use with GPON devices as well.
CHAPTER-13
Electrical portion
Once on private property, the signal typically travels the final
distance to the end user's equipment using an electrical format.
For fiber to the home and for some forms of fiber to the building, it
is common for the building's existing phone systems, local area
networks, and cable TV systems to connect directly to the ONT.
CHAPTER -14
For the first time in India BSNL is going to deploy another path breaking
technology after 3G i.e. FIBRE TO THE HOME(FTT H) This is being
launched in Jaipur on 13th March 13, 2010 by Minister of State for
Communications andInformation technology Mr Sachin Pilot. Presently
copper provides the last mile connectivity to home/buildings which has its
limitations but FTTH takes the optic fiber direct to the home and provides
larger bandwidth and higher speeds which are prerequisite
for bandwidth hungry applications. With this technology BSNL now can
offer high speed internet access up to 1000Mbps and plethora of services
based on triple play(voice, video and data). Services like IPTV, HDTV,
3DTV, video on demand , bandwidth on demand, video conferencing ,
interactive gaming , and several other value added services will now be
available through FTTH. Although services like IPTV have been
launched by BSNL on copper cable but they have their limitations in
delivering better value for customers but optic fiber can deliver world
class experience the consumers. BSNL will soon launch these services
across the country in phased manner.
Although telecom PSU’s BSNL and MTNL have been proactive in
bringing latest technology to people but they have never been able to ride
on the success of these initiatives. They have been pioneer in introducing
services like 3G, IPTV, VoIP etc. but one can’t see the PSU’s taking the
larger chunk of the market given their lackadaisical approach towards to
sales , marketing and customer care. Even after deploying service like 3G
for which private players are waiting desperately with their mouths open
and purses exposed, BSNL and MTNL have been unable to make any
substantial headway. May be senior management of these PSU’s need to
learn from these blunders and then go about launching future
technologies.
Dr. Anand Agarwal, CEO & Director – Sterlite Technologies says, "India
is at the cross-roads in telecommunication technology, with networks
being rolled out for 3G, Wimax, NGN (Next Generation Networks) and
FTTH. We believe FTTH will offer subscribers limitless possibilities by
serving the requirements of bandwidth-hungry applications and this
would revolutionize the way subscribers work, live and play. We
commend BSNL's relentless efforts in putting India on the telecom map
of the world and we are honored to be chosen as a partner for this
project."
CHAPTER-15
TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON
In this section we will present a comparison of key aspects of different
FTTH architectures.
1. Available Bandwidth
2. Network Reach
3. Cost
CHAPTER-16
REFERENCES
1. J.R. Stern, J.W. Ballance, D.W. Faulkner, S. Hornung, and D.B. Payne,
“Passive Optical Local Networks for Telephony Applications and
Beyond,” Electronics Letters 23, pp. 1255–1257, Nov. 1987.
2. Donald. E.A. Clarke and Tetsuya Kanada, “Broadband: The Last
Mile,” IEEE Communications Magazine 31, pp. 94–100, Mar. 1993.
3. Yih-Kang Maurice Lin, Dan R. Spears, and Mih Yin, “Fiber-Based
Local Access Network Architectures,”
IEEE Communications Magazine 27, pp. 64–73, Oct. 1989.
4. Borgar T. Olsen, Alcibiade Zaganiaris, Kjell Stordahl, L. Aa. Ims, D.
Myhre, T.
Øverli, M. Tahkokorpi, I. Welling, M. Drieskens, J. Kraushaar, J.
Mononen, M. L¨ahteenoja, S.Markatos, M. De Bortoli, U. Ferrero, M.
Ravera, S. Balzaretti, F. Fleuren, N. Gieschen, M. De Oliveira Duarte,
and E. de Castro, “Techno-Economic Evaluation of Narrowband and
Broadband Access Network Alternatives and Evolution Scenario
Assessment,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 15,
Aug. 1996.
5. OECD – Organisation For Economic Co-Operation and Development,
“OECD Communications Outlook,” June 2003.
6. Y. Maeda, “Broadband Access Deployment in NTT.”
http://www.fsanweb.org/Atlanta Workshop.asp,
Mar. 2003. FSAN PON Workshop, Atlanta, USA.
7. Y. Maeda, “Overwiew of Optical Broadband in Japan,” in Proceedings
of ECOC, 1, Sept. 2004.
8. B. Whitman, “Fibre Access Deployment Worldwide: Market Drivers,
Politics and Technology Choices,” in Proceedings of ECOC, pp. 6–9,
Sept. 2004.
9. J. Hongbeom, “Broadband access, service developments and trends in
Korea,” in Proceedings of ECOC, 5, Sept. 2004.
10. C. H. Yim, “Convergence Acess Network in Korea.”
http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/asna/index.
html, June 2004. All Star Network Access Workshop, Geneva,
Switzerland.
11. J.-W. Yang, “Broadband convergence Network (BcN) - a Korean
National Broadband Project,” in Proceedings of OECC/COIN, pp. 50–51,
July 2004.
12. M. Kunigonis, “International Broadband Deployments. Lessons
learned around the globe..”
http://www.apectelwg.org/apecdata/telwg/28tel/bw/telwg28-BB-12.pdf,
Oct. 2003. APEC Telecommunications and Information Working Group,
Taipei, Taiwan.
13. C. O. T. E. Communities, “eEurope 2005: An information society for
all.” http://www.europa.eu.int/ information society/eeurope/2005/index
en.htm, June 2002.
14. John A. Jay, “An Overview of International Fiber to the Home
Deployment,” in Proceedings of FTTH Conference, Oct. 2002.
ABHISHEK SARASWAT
,
___________________________________________________
OBJECTIVE
___________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
II YEAR
III YEAR
IV YEAR
___________________________________________________
IT SKILLS
________________________________________________________
PERSONAL DOSSIRE
Name : ABHISHEK
SARASWAT
Date of birth : 29th June 1988
Father’s Name : Mr. Bharat
Bhushan Saraswat
SEX : MALE
Nationality : INDIAN
Marital Status : SINGLE
Languages known :
ENGLISH,HINDI
Permanent Address : 1/1056 Malviya
Nagar,Jaipur
Contact No. :
09785995816,0141-2753734
Passport : YES
Hobbies : Reading books,
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Listening
music, playing
Billiards