VIVEK KUMAR PATEL

153667

The Secret of Success is Constancy to Purpose.

CONTENT
1. Introduction to Quality

2. Garvins five approaches toward the achievement of

quality

3. Quality control
4. Demings 14 Points
5. Quality control tool

6. Quality Assurance
7. Quality management principles
8. ISO:9000 Standard

9. conclusion

QUALITY

Quality= Degree or Standard of Excellence

You know it when you see it.

Uncontrolled Variation is the enemy of Quality.

..W. Edward Deming

QUALITY
Garvins five approaches toward the achievement of quality:

The transcendent approach : Quality is something we can

recognize through experiences but not define.
Product-based approach : Quality is tied to inherent product
characteristics.
Manufacturing-based approach : Quality is conformance to
specification.
Value-based approach : Quality depends on the amount the
customer is willing to pay for it.
User-based approach : Quality is fitness for purpose.

QUALITY CONTROL
Dr. Ishikawa`s definition of quality control:

Quality control is to develop, design, produce and service a

quality product which is most economical, most useful and always
satisfactory to the consumer. To meet this goal, everyone in the
company must participate in and promote quality.
When problems occur:
1. Look into each area
2. Look into each aspect
Key aspects to check:
Workers skill level
Working environment
Equipment
Machines
http://www.process-improvement-japan.com/total-quality-control.html

QUALITY CONTROL
The Total Quality Control Process

Plan-Do-Control-Action

DEMINGS 14 POINTS

https://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~mullins/quality/Deming.pdf

Demings Quality chain

reaction

Demings 14 points
1: Create Constancy of purpose toward
improvement of product and service, with the aim
to become competitive, stay in business.
Purpose:-They must have clarity on the questions;
what are we doing, and why are we doing it?

To stay in business requires.

innovation, research and education
And constantly improve the design

Demings 14 points
2:Adopt the new philosophy:

Why?
The customer demands and tastes change very fast,

We have to accept new philosophies according to

the market trends and technology revolutions.

Demings 14 points
3:Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality.
Eliminate the need for inspection on a mass basis by
building quality into the product in the first place.

Quality doesnt come from inspection,

from improvement of the process. Improve the process
so that defects arent produced in the first place.

This eliminates the need for inspection on a mass

basis.
You can not save money

if you are more worried about

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money, than you are about quality.

Demings 14 points
4. End lowest tender contracts:
End the practice of awarding business on the basis of
price tag alone.

Instead, minimise total cost.

Move toward a single supplier for any one item,
on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust.

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Price has no meaning without

measure of the
quality purchased.

Demings 14 points

5. Improve every process:

Improve constantly system of production and service,
to improve quality and productivity, and thus
constantly decrease costs.
Finding whats wrong is not improvement.

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Dont look at outcomes or defects, instead look at

what produces the defects.

Demings 14 points

6.Institute modern methods of training on the job

When training, need to understand what the job is

and why it is being done.
Training must be done on the job, Learning by doing;
Going into the work and experimenting with work
methods and new ideas, Studying the results, and
striving for perfection.

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New skills are required to keep up with changes in

tools, methods, techniques, product and service design.

Demings 14 points

7. Institute leadership:

The aim of management should be to help people to do a

better job.
Leadership is required not supervision.

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The emphasis of management must be changed from

sheer numbers to quality. Improvement of quality will
automatically improve productivity.

Demings 14 points

8. Drive out fear:

Drive out fear so that everyone may work effectively for
the company.
People are afraid of change, any attempt to make
things better
Many organisations are run by fear(Like : bonus,
annual ratings)

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To achieve better quality people need to feel

secure

Demings 14 points

9. Break down barriers:

Break down barriers between departments. People in
research, design, sales, technology and production
must work as a team.

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everybody wins if the system wins

Demings 14 points

10. Eliminate exhortations:

Eliminate the use of slogans and exhortations for the work
force asking for zero defects and new levels of productivity.
Ensure you substitute work standards and quotas with
effective leadership and effective methods.

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Substitute effective leadership.

Demings 14 points

11. Eliminate arbitrary numerical targets:

Focus on quality rather than quantity of product.
Remove obstacles from work.
Substitute aids and helpful leadership for improvement

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The focus is not on how many you make, it is on how

well you make them.

Demings 14 points

12. Permit pride of workmanship:

Remove the obstacles and barriers that deprive workers,

and people in management
Abolition of the annual merit rating (appraisal of
performance) which creates conflict and competition

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Involve employees, at all levels, in the process of

improvement.

Demings 14 points

13. Encourage education:

Institute a vigorous programme of education and selfimprovement.

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What an organisation needs is not just good people; it

needs people that are improving with education.

Demings 14 points

14. Put everybody in the company to work to accomplish

the transformation. The transformation is everybodys job.
Develop a critical mass that will bring about the change; a
critical mass including top management.
Create a structure in management who spend time in the
work reinforcing and the organisations commitment to its
customers and to quality.

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Without such a structure no viable long-term benefits will

be achieved.

Demings 14 points

SUMMARY:
They are one philosophy, not a menu you can pick
and choose from
The 14 points apply anywhere.

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The 14 points all have one aim, make it possible

for people to work with joy and pride.

QUALITY CONTROL TOOLS

1.Checksheet:-

Defect Type

No. of defects

Total

Broken zipper

Ripped material

Missing buttons

Faded colours

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2.Histogram:-

QUALITY CONTROL TOOLS

Cause
No. of defects
3.Pareto
1.Poor design

90

60

2.Wrong part dimension

30

20

3.Defective parts

15

10

4.Incorrect machine setup

12

5.Operator error

150

100

TOTAL

100
90
80
70
60
50
40

30
20
10
P C

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Analysis:-

Percentage

QUALITY CONTROL TOOLS

4.Flowchart:-

Decision

Operation

Decision

Finish

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Operation

Feedback

START

QUALITY CONTROL TOOLS

5.Scatter diagram:-

6.Statitical process

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control chart:-

QUALITY CONTROL TOOLS

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7.Cause and effect diagram:-

QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA)

Way of preventing mistakes or defects and focused on
providing confidence.

Two principles in quality assurance are:

"Fit for purpose" (suitable for the intended purpose)
"right first time" (mistakes should be eliminated)
Quality of Raw
materials

management,
production
and inspection
processes

QA includes
management
of

Services
related to
Production

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Assemblies,
Products and
Components

QUALITY MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES
The seven quality management principles are:
QMP 1 Customer focus
QMP 2 Leadership
QMP 3 Engagement of people
QMP 4 Process approach

QMP 5 Improvement
QMP 6 Evidence-based decision making

http://www.iso.org/iso/pub100080.pdf

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QMP 7 Relationship management

ISO:9000 STANDARD
The standards provide guidance and tools to ensure that
Products and services consistently meet customers
requirements, and

Quality is consistently improved.

ISO 9002

Procurement

Production

ISO 9001

Installation

ISO 9003

Servicing

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Design/
Development

CONCLUSION OF QC

Important part of quality management system.

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Goal is to identify errors and eliminate them

before reporting patient results.

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