Editing Test
Brief
In this test, you will find extracts from research manuscripts.The test has been
designed to gauge editorial sensibilities, language and grammar, mechanics and style,
subject-matter expertise, referencing skills, logic and comprehension, and attention to
detail.
The passages contain errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling, and most of the
sentences are not written in native English. You need to edit the passage (you will be
told which one) by correcting these errors.
Note that we do not share detailed test results/feedback in order to keep the test
reusable.
Instructions
Use Track Changes to edit the content (press Ctrl + Shift + E or select Track Changes
from the Review tab). Make inline changes and do not strike off complete sentences
and rewrite them separately.
Use comments to communicate with the author. Comments can be inserted by
selecting the relevant text and pressing Alt + I + M or New Comment from the Review
tab.
Use either American or British English, but not both.
You may use a dictionary and/or thesaurus.
Make a note of the time taken to complete editing each passage.
Rename the file by adding your full name before the filename (e.g., John
Doe_Editing Test).
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e EditSampl
Below is a sample edit to help you understand the kinds of edits you are expected to make.
Motion complexity of a task depends not on the task itself but on how a human
demonstrator shows demonstratesions of a the task, not depending a task itself. All
There can be different successful demonstrations will be different even for of a single
task, such as the a pouring task, depending on how much a the skill of the human
demonstrator is skillful for in performing the demonstration motions and/or how
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Test Passages
Biomedical
Part 1
Whether the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) is related to the decrease in total
antioxidant capacity (TAC) has not been completely clarified yet. We have assessed TAC of
blood serum in a group of 163 males with CHD aged between 34.877.0 years and in 163
age-matched peer individuals without CHD. Two spectrophotometries were applied to assess
TAC; ferric reducing ability of serum (TAC-FRAS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyle
(TAC-DPPH) tests. In CHD group, multivariate analysis reveal that uric acid (UA),
triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure contributed independently to the TAC-FRAS
variance. TAC-DPPH was favorably predicted by UA concentration, but negatively so by
current smoking and glucose levels. In males without CHD, UA was the only independent
determinant of both TAC-FRAS and TAC-DPPH. Presence of CHD was not independent
predictor of TACobserved between-group differences (higher TAC in CHD patients)
disappeared after adjustment for other confounders. We conclude that UA is the main
determinant of TAC of blood serum in males. TAC is also not directly influenced by age or
CHD but is related to several indices of overweight/obesity and lab measures of metabolic
syndrome, especially in CHD patients.
Part 2
Metformin is one of the most widely prescribed antidiabetics for the type 2 diabetes. The
critical role of metformin against tumorigenesis has recently been implicated, although
several studies also reported the lack of anticancer property of the antidiabetics. Given the
controversies regarding the potential role of metformin against tumour progression, the effect
of metformin against breast, cervical and ovarian tumour cell lines was examined followed by
in vivo assessment of metformin on tumour growth using xenograft breast cancer models.
Significant inhibitory impact of metformin was found on MCF-7, HeLa, and SKOV-3 cells,
suggesting an antiproliferative property of metformin against breast, cervical and ovarian
tumour cells, respectively, with the breast tumour cells, MCF-7, being the most
responsiveness. in vivo assessment was carried out subsequently, where mice with breast
tumours were treated with metformin (20 mg/kg bo. wt.) or sterile PBS solution for 15
consecutive days. No inhibition of breast tumour progression was detected in these rats.
However, tumour necrosis was significantly increased in the metformin-treated group,
accompanied by decreased capillary formation within the tumours. Thus, despite the lack of
short-term benefit of metformin against tumour progression, a preventive role of metformin
against breast cancer was implicated in this study, which is at partially attributable to the
attenuation of tumour angiogenesis.
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Neuroscience
Introduction
. Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) scan is a non-invasive, promissing promissory
technique for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. pathologies diagnosis. It allows a
quick analysis of the muscle action potentials in response to motor nerve stimulation, by
electrical stimulation applied on the surface of the motor nerve and response evaluation by
surface Electromyography (sEMG) at muscle level. Each motor unit (MU) of muscles has a
different stimulus intensity (SI) at which it is activated,. This means meaning that each MUs
have has a different thresholds level. Varying the intensity of the stimuli applied, gradually,
increasing from subthreshold to supramaximal values, will sequentially activate all MUs in
the muscle. In this way, This way, it is possible to obtain a graphical representation of the
amplitude of the evoked action potentials amplitude in the muscle versus the stimulation
intensity. This record will show a sigmoidal tendency which is called the CMAP scan. To be
used as a clinical tool, the stimulation parameters must be standardized and quantified in
order to enable uniform collection and comparison of data. Several studies have been
performed made recently to verify the potentiality potentials of this technique, that
investigates investigating the influence of different parameters in the quality of the CMAP
scan. In this work, new CMAP scan protocols were implemented to study the influence of
electrical pulse waveforms on the peripheral nerve excitability.
Methods
. A total of 13 healthy subjects were tested. The Sstimulation was performed with an
increasing intensities intensity range ranging from 4 to 30mA. The procedure was repeated 4
times per subject with a different single pulse stimulation waveform: monophasic square and
triangular and quadratic and biphasic square monophasic square, biphasic square, triangular,
and quadratic.
Results.
Different waveforms elicit different intensity-response amplitude curves. The square pulse
needs less current to generate the same amplitude response amplitude - regarding in
comparison to the other waves waveforms,. This and this effect is gradually decreasing for
the triangular, quadratic, and biphasic square pulse, respectively.
Conclusion.
The stimulation waveform has a direct influences effect on the stimulus-response slope and
consequence on the motor neurons excitability. This technique can be used as a new tool for
the prognostic diagnosis parameter for of neurodegenerative disorders.
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