INTRODUCTION

Working Stress Method

F.O.S =

Limit State Method

Yield Stress
Working Stress

Partial Safety Factor

a) For load
DL+LL
= 1.5
DL+WL
= 1.5
DL+LL+WL = 1.2

DL+LL Permissible stress

DL+WL Permissible stress

b) Resistance factor
m0
Yield
= 1.10

DL+LL+WL 1.33 Permissible stress

Ultimate

Permissible (or) Allowable Stress

= 0.4

va

Permissible maximum shear stress

fy

= 0.45

fy
Permissible axial tensile stress

at

= 0.60

fy

Permissible bending tensile & compressive stress (

bt bc
f
)= 0.66 y
Permissible bearing stress = 0.75

fy

Permissible combined bending &

bearing stress = 0.90
Min Thickness of Main Steel
t min=6 mm

DEW & ACP

t max=8 mm DEW & Not ACP

= 1.25

Strength:

va

Permissible average shear stress

m0

fy

Serviceability:

1. Strength against
Yielding
Buckling
Flexure
Shear etc
2. Stability against
Overturning
3. Fatigue strength
Under repeated

Design strength (

Sd

Rd

Deflection
Vibration
Corrosion
Fire etc.

Design load
Factored load

= PSF

Characteristic load

loads
4. Brittle fracture
5. Plastic strength
Design Action (

1.
2.
3.
4.

) Design strength (

)=

Rd

characteristic strength
safety factor
( ) resistance factor

RIVETED CONNECTION
Types of rivet head

BOLTED CONNECTION
Bolt designed as Md L
M Metric size
d - Shank Diameter
L Length of bolt
Ex: M16 70
16 mm shank dimeter
70 mm length of bolt

Grip length

Nominal diameter of rivet ()

=6.04 t
=1.91 t

lg

t 1+t 2 8 d

Diameter of bolt hole do

do = d + 1 mm

( 12 mm d 14 mm )

t in mm

do = d + 2 mm

( 16 mm d 24 mm )

t in cm

do = d + 3 mm

( d 27 mm )

Gross /Effective diameter of rivet (d)

25 mm

d= + 1.5 mm

d= +2 mm>25 mm
Number of bolt

Types of bolt:
P

Unfinished /Black bolts

n = Pr
P axial load
Pr

- Rivet value

HSFG Bolts

Bearing type connection

High strength friction grip

Slip type connection

bolt

Non frictional connection

Non slip type connection

Frictional connection

grip length

lg

t 1+ t 2 8

Specification of Bolted (or) Riveted connection:

Minimum Pitch distance:
Pmin = 2.5 Nominal size of rivet ()

(or) shank diameter of the bolt (d)

Maximum Pitch distance:

Pmax = 12t (or) 200mm whichever is less for compression member
Pmax = 16t (or) 200mm whichever is less for tension member
@ stitch bolt (or) tacking bolts or rivet:
1. PLATES
Pmax = 32t (or) 300mm whichever is less for steel NOT Exposed to weather
Pmax = 16t (or) 200mm whichever is less for steel Exposed to weather.
2. ANGLES, CHANNEL etc
Pmax = 600mm for compression member
Pmax = 1000mm for tension member
End / Edge distance:
Minmum end/edge distance:
Pmin = 1.5do (or) 1.5d for Machine flame cutting
Pmin = 1.7 do (or) 1.7d for Hand flame cutting
Maximum end/edge distance:
Pmax = 37mm + 4t as per IS800:1984
Pmax = 40mm +4t as per IS800:2007
DESIGN STRENGTH OF BOLTED CONNESCTION LSM IS800:2007
Failures of bolts:
1. Shear failure of bolt
2. Bearing failure of bolt
3. Tearing failure of bolt
M4085350 suretha

4. Bearing failure of plate

5. Tearing failure of plate
6. Block shear failure of plate