HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY

Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by ERSN DK

Contents:
-Introduction
-Cable Bolt Background
-Bond Strenght
-Grouts and Grouting
-Cable Installation
-Advantages of the Cablebolts
-Cables For Slope Reinforcement
-Conclusion
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Department of Mining Engineering

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Introduction
Cable Bolts are
commonly used for rock
reinforcement in areas of
strata movement.
They can be used to
supplement existing
strata reinforcement.

HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

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Cable Bolt Background

Cable Bolts have been used
extensively in underground mines
since the early 1970's.

At that time, modified cable bolts was

developed to improve the load transfer and was
introduced into both Underground and Open pit
Mines.
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Department of Mining Engineering

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Summary of the development of cable reinforcing systems for underground mining.

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Department of Mining Engineering

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Cable installation
There are two types of grouting
cables in upholes.
First one is the traditional
method of grouting. This method
will be called the breather tube
method.( water/cement ratio 0.4)
An alternative method, called the grout tube
method. (0.3 to 0.35 water/cement ratio).
HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by Ersin DK

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Breather tube method

Grout tube method

Cable installation

Alternative methods for grouting cables in upholes.

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Department of Mining Engineering

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Cable installation

The main problem with

breather tube method is that
it is difficult to detect when the
hole is full of grout.

HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by Ersin DK

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Cable installation
The principal advantage
of grout tube method is that it
is fair when the hole is full of grout,
And the smaller number of
components required,

makes the method attractive when compared with the

traditional method.

HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by Ersin DK

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Grouts and Grouting

The question of grout quality has always been a
matter of concern in reinforcement systems for
underground construction.
One of the critical factors in this matter has
been the evolution of grout pumps capable of pumping
grouts with a low enough water/cement ratio (by
weight) to achieve adequate strengths.

HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by Ersin DK

9/18

Grouts and Grouting

HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by Ersin DK

10/18

Grouts and Grouting

Mohr failure envelopes for the peak strength of grouts with different water/cement ratios, tested at 28
days.

Water /cement ratio of 0.35 to 0.4 are significantly

better than those with ratios in excess of 0.5.
HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by Ersin DK

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Bond strength
As the cable pulls out of the grout, the grout
imprints or flutes causes radial displacement or
dilation of the interface between the grout and the
cable.
The radial dilation induces a confining
pressure.It is proportional to the stiffness of the grout
and the rock surrounding the borehole.

HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by Ersin DK

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Bond strength

Forces and displacements associated with a stressed cable grouted into a borehole in rock.

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Department of Mining Engineering

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Cables for slope reinforcement

Also, it may also be
necessary to reinforce
slopes and foundations and
cables have proved to be
very effective in such
applications.

Drilling machine for the installation of 40 m long reinforcing

cables in 150 mm diameter holes in a dam excavation.

HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

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Cables for slope reinforcement

These cables were

installed to stabilise the
slopes of a dam
foundation in gneiss.

40 m long multi-strand cables with a

capacity of 200 tons each being prepared for
installation in a dam excavation.

HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by Ersin DK

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Advantages of the Cable Bolts

Cable bolts also have advantages over other rock
anchors and these include:

More stretch
More load capacity
Higher shear strength
The cables inherent flexibility
HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by Ersin DK

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Conclusion:
Clearly cable bolts are generally
a more costly type of rock bolt
support and hence should only be
used where appropriate from a roof
control (safety) point of view.

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Department of Mining Engineering

Prepared by Ersin DK

17/18