Name:

REY STEPHEN T. BUENAVISTA

NSG 501
Course
:
MAN-MCHN
8:00 PM

Subject
Schedule

:
:

2:00-

REACTION PAPER
Dorothea E. Orem
The Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
There is a superb focus of Orems work which is self-care. Even though there is
a wide range of scope seen in the encompassing theory of nursing systems, Orems
goal of letting the readers view nursing care as a way to provide assistance to
people was apparent in every concept presented.
From the definition of health which is sought to be rigid, it can now be refined
by making it suitable to the general view of health as a dynamic and ever changing
state.
The role of the environment to the nurse-patient relationship, although defined
by Orem was not discussed.
The role of nurses in maintaining health for the patient was set by Orem with
great coherence in accordance with the life-sustaining needs of every individual.
Although Orem viewed the importance of the parents or guardian in providing
for their dependents, the definition of self-care cannot be directly applied to those
who needs complete care or assistance with self-care activities such as the infants
and the aged.
Martha Rogers
The Science of Unitary and Irreducible Human Beings
Apart from the usual way of other nurse theorists in defining the major
concepts of a theory, Rogers gave much focus on how a nurse should view the
patient. She developed principles which emphasizes that a nurse should view the
client as a whole.
Her statements remind every nurse practitioner that to retain the integrity of
the individual, he or she should be viewed as one complex system interacting with
the environment and care should not be fractionalized in different categories.

Being given with a wide range of principles and statements from Rogers, an
aspiring nurse theorist can develop his or her own concepts guided with her work.
Her assumptions are not confined with a specific nursing approach making it highly
generalizable.
Myra Estrin Levine
The Conservation Model
Although there are many concepts similar to that of other nursing theories,
Levines concept of energy conservation makes it unique in guiding nursing actions.
Borrowed concepts from Bates regarding Levines view with the environment
were not translated into how it affects the individual. The necessity of connecting
incorporated concepts is crucial when trying to develop a model for nursing so as to
be applied to human care.
The concept of conservation, adaptation and integrity can be applied to any
age group since every individual has the need to expend and reserve bodily energy.
The operational definition of homeostasis by Levine is in question since to
achieve homeostasis, energy is continuously being used by the body thus her
statement that homeostasis is an energy sparing state is quite vague in nature.
Rewording might be helpful in this part of her model.
Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad
Humanistic Model
Many models or approaches to nursing look at the patient as a whole person
rather than simply an illness or injury. This approach, called a holistic or humanistic
approach, helps foster mental and emotional health in addition to physical health.
This approach to nursing places an emphasis on the nurse-patient relationship,
in which both people influence the outcome of the nursing interventions. The
function of the nursing approach shows that the relationship between the nurse and

patient has as much to do with the patient's healing as medical interventions.

Humanistic nursing focuses closely on how the relationship between the patient and
nurse develops in addition the patient's physical and mental health.
The humanistic model of nursing looks at the patient as an individual, and
each situation as unique. In this nursing approach, there is no formulaic method or
process in order to care for patients. Each patient is assessed and treated on a
case-by-case basis.
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Human Becoming Theory
The Human Becoming Theory is a combination of biological, psychological,
sociological, and spiritual factors, and states that a person is a unitary being in
continuous interaction with his or her environment. It is centered on three themes:
meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence.
The theme of meaning says that Human Becoming is choosing personal
meaning in situations, and that a person's reality is given meaning through
experiences he or she lives in the environment. Rhythmicity explains that Human
Becoming is co-creating rhythmical patterns of relating with the universe, and that a
person and the environment co-create in rhythmical patterns. Transcendence says
that Human Becoming refers to reaching beyond the limits a person sets, and that a
person is constantly transforming him or herself.
In terms of nursing, the Human Becoming Theory explains that a person is
more than the sum of the parts, the environment and the person are inseparable,
and that nursing is a human science and art that uses an abstract body of
knowledge to help people. The theory allows nurses to create a stronger nursepatient relationship because the nurse is not focused on "fixing" problems, but is
viewing the patient as a whole person living experiences through his or her
environment.

The Human Becoming Theory of Nursing is a model that focuses on the quality
of life of the patient and sees the patient not as different aspects of a whole, but as
a person. This is different than many other nursing theories, and allows nurses to do
what so many of them go into the nursing field to help people.