DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN

ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Submitted By:
PARDEEP SINGH
13BCS8065

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Chandigarh University, Gharuan

December 2015

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Task successful makes everyone happy. But the happiness will be gold without glitter if we
didnt state the persons who have supported us to make it a success. Success will be crowned
to people who made it a reality but the people whose constant guidance and encouragement
made it possible will be crowned first on the eve of success.
This acknowledgment transcends the reality of formality when we would like to
express deep gratitude and respect to all those people behind the screen who guided, inspired
and helped me for the completion of our project work. We consider ourselves lucky enough
to get such a good project. This project would add as an asset to my academic profile.
We express our sincere gratitude to our respectful University Management for
enabling us to make use of laboratory and library facilities liberally, that helped us a long way
in carrying out our project work successfully.
We express our gratitude to the help of the Head of the Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, Mr. Amit Sharma, M.Tech, (Ph. D), for his constant supervision, guidance and
co-operation throughout the project and we would like to express our thankfulness to our
project guide, Mr. Rahul Singh, M.Tech, for his constant motivation and valuable help
through the project work.
We extend our sincere gratitude to our parents who have encouraged us with their blessings to
do this project successfully. Finally we would like to thank to all our friends, all the teaching
and non-teaching staff members of the CSE Department, for all the timely help, ideas and
encouragement which helped throughout in the completion of project.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
Airline reservation systems were first introduced in the late 1950s as relatively simple
standalone systems to control flight inventory, maintain flight schedules, seat assignments
and aircraft loading. The modern airline reservation system is comprehensive suite of
products to provide a system that assists with a variety of airline management tasks and
service customer needs from the time of initial reservation through completion of the flight.
One of the most common modes of travel is traveling by air. Customers who wish to travel
by air nowadays have a wide variety of airlines and a range of timings to choose from.
Nowadays competition is so fierce between airlines that there are lot of discounts and a lot of
luxuries given to customers that will give an edge to that particular airline.
The World Wide Web has become tremendously popular over the last four years, and
currently most of the airlines have made provision for online reservation of their flights.
The Internet has become a major resource for people looking for making reservations online
without the hassle of meeting travel agents. My Project intends to serve these purposes. It
intends to check all the available airline databases and return a string of results, which can
help them in their travel plans.
The objective of this project is to create an airline reservation system where a traveler can
request all flight information as per their journey dates. They can get information regarding
time, cost, etc all at the same time and place. When the customer calls the Counter Assistant
for his/her travel needs, the counter assistant will enter the customer's details (flight
requirements) in the system. The system displays all the available airlines, schedules and
prices. This system would help the airline to better serve its customers by catering to their
needs. The site would use a Database to hold this information as well as the latest pricing and
availability information for the airlines.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

List of Figures
Title

Page

Figure No.
1

No.
CONTEXT DIAGRAM FOR AIRLINE

18

RESERVATION SYSTEM

LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

19

LEVEL DIAGRAM FOR PROCESS 2.0

20

2-LEVEL PROCESS FOR PROCESS 3.0

21

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

Table of Contents
Sr. No.

Topic

Page No.

1
2
3
4
5
6

PROBLEM DEFINITION
INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION
OBJECTIVES OF THE SYSTEM
FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM
FEASIBILITY STUDY & COST BENEFIT

1
2
3
6
7
8

7
8
9
10
11

ANALYSIS
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
TABLE DESIGN
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
SCREENSHOTS
TESTING
PROCEDURE

12
13

IMPLEMENTATION PHASES
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY

AND

11
13
17
22
SYSTEM 26
28
29

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

PROBLEM DEFINITION
The OVERSEAS TRAVELS company is one of the Airline Reservation Company in
India. It has number of branches, which are spread over the country or the world. So person
wants to reserve his/her ticket and he/she has to contact at nearest Overseas Travels branch.
The Airline Reservation System (ARS) provides an interface to schedule flights and
reservations for an airline that services. It is responsibility is to keep track of system users,
customers, Airbus information, flight information and cancellation. The functionality of the
ARS is broken into various primary groups.
Customer reservation information and user were added, deleted and updated in the
implementation phase to account for the way we decide to implement security. User keeps
track of the username, password information and customer reservation information link
provides a link between the customers reservation information and login table.

INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

From the very beginning human being used to search for flight. After a long
research human being has discovered flight that has become a part of OVERSEAS
Groups life.
Gradually the airline witnessed new route additions, increased flight frequencies
and passenger lists. Today OVERSEAS TRAVELS PVT. LTD. To offer passenger
the very best in the skies, OVERSEAS GROUP constantly upgrades its in-flight
facilities.
Expanding the network as a part of its expansion schedule, OVERSEAS Group
has collaborated with several international & domestic carries to offers its
passengers convenience all the way.
OVERSEAS Groups crew and staff are well trained to attend to all

passengers

needs always and in OVERSEAS Groups efforts to provide passenger with

exclusive care and comforts all the way.

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION

The Hardware and Software Configuration for the proposed system is given below.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

Hardware Configuration:For the successful run of the proposed system the required stand alone Personal Computer
with, minimum hardware required to run the system is as below.
Hardware

Minimum

Processor
Hard disk
RAM
Dot Matrix Printer

Requirement
Pentium 2
4 GB
64 MB
16 Pin

Software Configuration:The minimum Software required by the system is follows.

1. ORACLE as Back End.
2. Visual Basic 6.0 as Front End
The reason for selecting ORACLE and Visual Basic as tools are as follows.

Features of ORACLE : It is a high performance, full tolerant relational database management

System especially designed for large database application.
It offers following benefits:
It eliminates all parent-child relationships and instead represented all data in
the database as simple row/column tables of data values.
Flexibility in data modeling.
Easy for accessing data.
Each table is an independent entity and there is no physical relationship
between tables.
Reduce data storage and redundancy.
Independent of physical storage and logical data design.
It has wide level data manipulation language (SQL).
Most data management system based on the relational model has a built-in
3

support for query languages like ANSI SQL or QBE (Query By Example).
These queries are simple English constructs that allow adhoc data
manipulation from a table.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

Deferred writing at commits to improve transaction performance.
Security and control.
It has a rollback command for recreating the database to its most recent safe
point. Grant and revoke limits access to information down to row and column
level. Views are valuable features for limiting access to the primary tackles in
the database.
Professional ORACLE starts the DBMS (Database Management System) in
the extended memory, so more main memory is available for other
applications.
Relational model of data management is based on set theory. Built-in query
language is designed in the RDBMS, so that it can manipulate sets of data
(one or more tuples).
User interface used with relational models is non-procedural because only
what needs to be done is specified and not how it has to be done. Using any of
the other methods, you have not only to specify what need to be done but how
it has to be done as well.

Features of Visual Basic 6.0 : Visual Basic provides complete set of tools to simplify rapid application
Development.
It provides a vital link to graphical environment and allows you to develop
applications based on standard windows features: Dialog boxes, Command
buttons, Pull down menus, Scroll Bars, Selection lists etc. It also allows
creating robust applications that fully make use of the graphical user interface.
ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) and OLE DB replace the Open database
connectivity (ODBC) API as the preferred method for accessing shared file
and client/server databases.
Internet techniques such as Dynamic HTML (DHML), Extensible markup
language (XML), Active server pages (ASP) and ActiveX documents offer
browser-based alternatives for displaying and updating data.
Extensions to Visual Basic class modules assist in writing middle-tier DLLs
4

for Microsoft transaction server 2.0.

A multitude of wizards and other graphical tools aid developers new to Visual
Basic.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

Visual Basic is an event driven programming language.
Visual Basic allows you to adopt more of parallel approach, with independent
sections of code for each option that the user may select. This is known as
Event driven programming language.
Data Environment Designer (DED).
Drag and drop form generation.
Data view window.
ADO Data Control (ADODC).
ADO-compliant data-bound controls.
Hierarchical record sets and the Flex Grid Control.
Data report design.
Data form wizards.
Format objects.
Data repeater control.
Data source classes and data building.
MTS transaction Mode property of Class modules.
Visual data tools (VDTS).
SQL editor.
Component creation.
Language.
Packaging and Deployment wizard.
Data object wizard.
The integrated development environment.

OBJECTIVES OF THE SYSTEM

Get accuracy.
Result to be received very quickly.
It uses concept of user friendliness.
It provides using of multiple applications at a time.
Increase security, speed, 5storing and accuracy.
Customer services can not only be satisfied but also enhanced to the extent that one
can obtain or cancel a reservation from any branch for any route at any given time.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

To speed up the operation.
Managing and maintaining data becomes easier.
Provide convenience to travelers.
It decreases manpower and high cost.

FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM

Manual work has to be reduced and Result to be received quickly.
To speed up the operation and Decrease manpower, high cost.
Increase security, speed, storing and accuracy.
The customers have 6to face only one person at the booking counter for obtain the
reservation.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

Managing and maintaining data becomes easier and cost effective due to very high
amount and reliability of storage space available in the proposed system.
It provides support for queries through out all the branches at any given time at a
very high speed, saving a lot of time.
The system has been developed under Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 as a Front-End
tool and Oracle 8.0 as a Back-End tool.

FEASIBILITY STUDY & COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Feasibility study is most important and it concerns great to the passenger, for which
new system is to be developed. It includes the study of success and level of satisfaction that
the passenger and the user will get from the system. Feasibility means possibilities (to some
extent), i.e. this study explores the possibility of implementation of new system as a
substitute to old system removing all shortcomings and including all new requirements.
7

An initial determine in a proposal that whether an alternative system is feasible or not.

To determine feasibility of candidate system in all respect I need to consider following
feasibility factors:

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

Economical feasibility
Technical feasibility
Behavioral feasibility
ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY::Since the existing system is manual, the organization posses the computer and doesnt
require to set the environment.
Cost involved in the software packages includes the ORACLE 8.0 for storage of data
as a back end. Other required software is that which they already have like WINDOWS
98. This costs around Rs.45, 000/- for the oracle software.
As the new system size is round 3.5 KDL the cost involved in developing the system
is retrieved as follows:
Size of project = 3.5 KDL.
Organic Project.
Here,
a=3.2 and b=1.05
The cost drivers and their rating for our project are as follows:
Cost Drivers
Reliability
Database Size
Complexity
Analyst Capacity
Analyst Experience
Programmer Capacity
Language Experience

Category
High
Very high
Low
Normal
Very low
Normal
Normal

Rating
1.15
1.16
0.70
1.00
1.29
1.00
1.00

The cost of the project is estimated by the below formula as follows:

Ei = a * (size)b
= 3.2 * (3.5) 1.05
= 11.923
8

EAF = 1.15*1.16*0.70*1.00*1.29*1.00*1.00
= 1.20

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

E = Ei * EAF
= 11.923 * 1.20
= 14.30 PM
If we assume the average salary for the person is about Rs.7, 000/- per month then the
cost is:
Cost = 14.30 * 7000
=100100
So the total cost including the cost of the oracle the RDBMS is:
Total Cost = 1,00,100+45,000
= 1,45,100
Hence the total cost of my project is Rs.1, 45,100/Also the total duration for the entire project is:
Here the value of a=2.5 and b=0.38
D = a * (E) b
= 2.5 * (14.30)0.38
= 6.870
So the estimated duration for the project is 7 months approximately.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY::It is determined by the hardware and supporting software.
Hardware requirement: stand-alone computer with enough main memory space &
backup storage more than 2 GB to support RDBMS and huge database.
Software requirement: ORACLE.
BEHAVIOURAL FEASIBILITY:
9
It includes training the user staff on the candidate system. The data entry design is similar to
other forms being used by the user staff. Data entry forms are very user friendly and data

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

entry job has been kept minimum. So training of 3-4 will be sufficient. Even for generating
reports the user has to supply 2-3 parameters only.

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
As we have decided to develop a new system now it is time to determine the new
requirements for the new system. As the user is the most important part of any system it is
required to find the users requirements to develop a user-friendly system rather than having to
develop a developer friendly system.
The outputs required by the user that must be included into the proposed system are as
follows:
1. The work for the particular user must be personalized.
2. Passport and valid visa are required for ticket booking.
3. Tickets are print as in required order.
4. The user must be provided easy if he wants to switch from one application
to other at a time.
FACT GATHERING TECHNIQUES:
10

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

A fact gathering study was undertaken to study the activities involved in the various
aspect of the existing computerized system. We had visited various person of the company.
The existing system was studied by means of Interviews and Record Reviews

Interviews:
User interviews were conducted to retrieve the qualitative information. These
interviews, which were unstructured, provided opportunity to gather information from the
respondents who involved in the process for a long time.
These interviews provided information such as:
Activities involved in process of reservation processing involving fare, other
services, flight information, flight schedule information, airbus, various reports are
generated using existing system.
Type & frequency of forms and reports.
Limitation of Existing system.

Record Reviews:
To gather details about the Airlines Reservation, many kinds of records & reports were
reviewed. This study covered.
Standard Operating Procedure.
Forms and reports generated by existing manual system.
Document flow (Input / Output) of the system.

11

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

TABLE DESIGN
Table design contains all the tables required to store the required information which are stated
below:
1. TABLE NAME: AIRBUS
Fields
Airbusno
First_cap
Bus_cap
Eco_cap
First_wl_cap
Bus_wl_cap
Eco_wl_cap

Data Type
Varchar2
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number

Size
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)

2. TABLE NAME: FARE

Fields
Route_code
Airbusno
First_fare
Bus_fare
Eco_fare

Data Type
Char
Varchar2
Number
12
Number
Number

Size
(7)
(5)
(8)
(8)
(8)

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

3. TABLE NAME: SERVICE
Fields
Ss_code
Ss_desc
Ss_fare

Data Type
Char
Varchar2
Number

Size
(4)
(15)
(5)

4 . TABLE NAME : CONTROL

Fields
Air_tax
Excess_bg_limit
First_bg_limit
Bus_bg_limit
Eco_bg_limit
Canc_deduc_12
Canc_deduc_6
Canc_deduc_3

Data Type
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number

Size
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)

5. TABLE NAME: CANCELLATION

Fields
Data Type
PNR
Number
Flight_no
Varchar2
Flight_date
Date
Class
Char
Reserv_date
Date
Pass_name
Varchar2
Pass_add
Varchar2
Passport_no
Number
Ss_code
Varchar2
Cancel_date
Date
Total_fare
Number
Branch_code
Varchar2
Route_code
Char
Tot_fare
Number
13
Flight_type
Char
Pass_status
Varchar2
Canc_amt
Number
6. TABLE NAME: BRANCH

Size
(5)
(7)
(1)
(20)
(100)
(8)
(4)
(8,2)
(4)
(7)
(8,2)
(1)
(15)
(8,2)

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

Fields
Branch_code
Add1
Add2
City
Telephone

Data Type
Varchar2
Varchar2
Varchar2
Varchar2
Number

Size
(4)
(20)
(20)
(15)
(8)

7. TABLE NAME: RESERVATION

Fields
PNR
Flight_no
Flight_date
Class
Reserv_date
Pass_name
Pass_add
Passport_no
Ss_code
Pass_status
Route_code
Total_fare
Branch_code
Flight_type
Tot_fare
Canc_flag

Data Type
Number
Varchar2
Date
Char
Date
Varchar2
Varchar2
Number
Varchar2
Char
Char
Number
Varchar2
Char
Number
Char

Size
(5)
(7)
(1)
(20)
(100)
(8)
(4)
(15)
(7)
(8,2)
(4)
(1)
(8,2)
(1)

8. TABLE NAME: FLIGHT

Fields
Flight_no
Flight_date
First_bk_seats
Bus_bk_seats
Eco_bk_seats

Data Type
Varchar2
Date
Number
Number
Number

Size
(7)
(3)
(3)
(3)

9. TABLE NAME: LOGIN

Fields
User_id
Password

14
Data Type
Varchar2
Varchar2

Size
(15)
(15)

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

10. TABLE NAME: FLIGHT_SCH

Fields
Flight_no
Airbusno
Airbus_nm
Route_code
Deprt_time
Journey_hrs
Flight_day1
Flight_day2

Data Type
Varchar2
Varchar2
Varchar2
Varchar2
Char
Char
Number
Number

Size
(7)
(5)
(20)
(7)
(5)
(5)
(1)
(1)

11. TABLE NAME: ROUTE

Fields
Route_code
Route_desc
Origin
Destination

Data Type
Varchar2
Varchar2
Varchar2
Varchar2

Size
(7)
(25)
(15)
(15)

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

As information moves through software, it is modified by a series of transformations.
A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical technique that depicts information flow and the
transformations that are applied as data move from input to output. The data flow diagram is
know as a data flow graph or a bubble chart.
The Data Flow Diagram may be used to representation a system or software at any
level of abstraction. In fact, DFDs may be used partitioned into levels that represent
increasing information flow and functional detail. Therefore, the DFD provides a mechanism
for functional modeling as information flow modeling.
The Data Flow Diagram (DFD) serves two purposes:
1) To provide an indication of how data are transformed as they move through
the system and

15

2) To depict the functions that transform the data flow.

The DFD provides additional information that is used during the analysis of

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

the information domain and serves as a basis for the modeling of function.
A Level 0 DFD also called as fundamental system model or a context model, represents
the entire software element as a single bubble with input and output data indicated by
incoming and outgoing arrows respectively. Additional processes and information flow paths
are represented as the level 0 is partitioned to reveal details. Each of the proves represents at
level 1 is sub function of the overall system depicted in the context model. Each of the
process may be refined are layered to depict more detail. Information continuity must be
maintained in every layer, that is input and output to each refinement must remain the same.

CONTEXT DIAGRAM FOR AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM

Request for flight

availability

PASSENGER

AIRLINE
RESERVATION
SYSTEM

Verification
reply & tickets

16

Reservation
particulars

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

Acknowledgeme
nt (availability of
seats available or
not)

BOOKING
OFFICER

Figure-1

LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Flight

PASSENGER

Retrieve
flight
details

Reservation file

PASSENGER
Money,
Add
visa &
new
passport
details

Flight
information

Ticket

Airbus
information
Enquiry

Retrieve
flight
schedule
information

Airbus

Fare
information

Flight_sch
Ticket,
visa &
passport
3.0
Cancellation
17
process

2.0
Reservation
process

Fare
Route
information

Route

1.0
Verify
availability
of OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT 4.0
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
RESERVATION SYSTEM
seats
Report
generation
Retrieve
passenger Delete
Passenger
details
passenger details
information
Reservation file
Report

Cancel
passenger
information

Cancellation
Figure-2-

LEVEL DIAGRAM FOR PROCESS 2.0

Money
PASSENGER

Money,
visa &
passport

PASSENGER

2.1
Domestic flight
reservation
process
Add
information
about
passenger

2.2
International flight
reservation
process

Add
information
about
passenger
Reservation file

Reservation file
Request
for other
services
PASSENGER

2.3
18
Registration of
other service
process

2.4
Ticket reservation
process

Add
information

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

Other
service
details

Add
information of
other services

Service file

Reservation file
Figure-3

2-LEVEL PROCESS FOR PROCESS 3.0

Enquiry for
cancellation
process

Cancellation

PASSENGER
Cancel or
invalid

Check for
valid
information
3.1

Add cancel
information
3.2
Ticket cancel
process

Check validity
process
Cancel
within 3,6 or
12 days

Delete
Passenger
information

control

Reservation file

19

Figure-4

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

SCREENSHOTS

This is a Welcome Screen of Airline Reservation System. When the user starts the
application from the program group, then splash screen is displayed.
LOGIN FORM:-

20

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

This screen is used for data security purpose. The login screen is used for
authentication purpose. The login screen asks the user to enter the username and password.
When the system is installed then after the splash screen, in the login screen the user must be
created first. The admin user only creates another user. In my system username and password
must be 15 character. To enter in the system first user has to enter with following user name
and password.
User name : admin
Password : sujal
MAIN SCREEN OF AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSETM :

The following screen is the main screen of my Airline Reservation System. From here
the user can perform desire operations. Actually it is a menu-based screen so user can
perform operations by selecting21then from the menu or sub menu. Depending on the type of
user whether he or she is admin or other user the particular rights are given.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

MASTER MENU :

22

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

The following figure shows the Master Menu of the system. The master menu contains
options like Login, Branch, Service, Airbus, Fare, Flight Info, Flight schedule, Control, Route
information and Exit from the menu. By selecting the desired option the associated form will
be shown.

FLIGHT INFORMATION BY BRANCH :

This report shows the flight information by branch.

23

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

TESTING PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

PHASES
System testing is an important but critical part of system. Module testing involves the
process of testing the logical units of program individually and integrating the individual
modules, to test the overall system. The objective of module testing is to determine whether
the module meets its specifications.
In order to perform module testing two things are to be considered: the design of test
cases and the coordination of the multiple modules. Test cases may be constructed from
specification or by analyzing the module code. The testing strategies corresponding to tests
two approaches are called as black box and white box testing. In black box testing the
internal structure and behavior of the program is not considered. In white box testing the
structure of the program is examined and test data are derived from the programs logic. In
non-incremental approach testing modules independently and then combining them to the
program without further testing test a program. In the incremental approach a module is
tested in combinations with the set of previously tested modules.
The testing plans areas that are to be tested.
24

1) Testing for data entry error: Incorrect data entry, leads to incorrect results. Sometimes it may
creates run time errors. So data should be checked for validity.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

2) Testing for basic principles: If all processing is in order but display of the screens is disorderly then
that has to be rectified and such screen can confuse the user. User will be left
wondering on the next actions to be taken. In some of the cases operator/user
has the habit of certain key for particular option. In such cases users
requirements are taken into consideration. E.g. press Escape for Exit. In some
cases. I.e. Branch code, PNR no are auto generated.

3)Testing for suitable error messages: If the error messages are not suitable phases or incorrect then there can
be log off problems to the user who is non-professional wont be able to figure
out what exactly the error is E.g. if the user has entered an incorrect airbus no
and if the error messages displays invalid airbus no then that is an error. If
user pressed ESCAPE key and if nothing happens then that is also an error.
3) Testing for suitable response time: In some cases, the results of a particular query may take out a lot of
system resources and also a longer time to process. In such cases program
logic has to be rewritten. In some cases changes have been made in table.
One major factor, which has influenced the functionality of the system,
is the valid data. As and when the master files were completed, the user added
valid data and thus the expected results could also be verified. During testing I
used incremental approach, black box testing and program instrumentation.
These processes continue till the user is fully satisfied. The data are
again tested and the reports are compared with the original ones that the
system should produce. The testing is done when the original data for
guarantee of the outputs before it is implemented.

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

CONCLUSION
The Airline reservation system has been a way of minimizing the clerical work, which
is almost a routine and consumes the most precious time.
This AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM has been an attempt to help the user to
minimize his workload along with minimizing the paper works and saving of time.
The system has been developed in a way to make it very user friendly. It provides an
on-line message and an error detection and error messages every time the user needs. Any
person having a little bit of window based can run this system without any pain.
Almost all the difficulties of manual reservation have been removed by this system. Ti
wind up let me welcome all the suggestions and other improvements, which the system needs
so that it covers all the needs if the user in the user way.

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE FLIGHT RESERVATION SYSTEM

BIBLIOGRAPHY
This refers to the books, which were gone through for completion of this project
report.
1) System Analysis And Design
- Senn
2) Software Engineering
- Pressman
3) System Analysis And Design
- Elias Award
4) Visual Basic 6.0
- Microsoft Press
5) System Analysis, Design And Introduction to Software
Engineering
- S. Parthasarathy
- B. W. Khalakar

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