DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Lecture Notes (Unit-wise)

Unit-1: Introduction and the Entity-Relationship Model
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15

What is a Database Management System?

Why not use file systems
The Levels of Abstraction
Schemas vs Instances
Data Models
Database Languages
Database Users
Database Administrator
Transaction Management
Storage management
Overall System Structure of DBMS
The Query Processor
Entity-Relationship Model
Conceptual Design with ER Model
Conceptual Design for Large Database
E-R Diagrams Examples

Unit-2: The Relational Model

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7

Relational Model
The process of creating and modifying relations using SQL
Integrity Constraints: Over Relations
Query Languages
Relational Algebra
Tuple Relational Calculus
Domain Relational Calculus

Unit-3: SQL
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14

Basic Structure
String Operations
Set Operations
Aggregate Functions
Null Values
Nested Sub queries
Set Comparison
Views
Derived Relations
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Joins
Integrity and Security
Assertions
Triggers

3.15
3.16

Authorization
Granting of Privileges

Unit-4: Database Design and Normal Forms

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5

Schema Refinement
Functional Dependencies
Sets of Functional Dependencies
Attribute Set Closures
Normal Forms

Unit-5: Transactions
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8

Introduction
ACID Properties
Transaction and Schedules
Concurrent Execution and Schedules
Lock-Based Concurrency Control
Performance of Locking
Transaction Support in SQL
Introduction to Crash Recovery

Unit-6: Concurrency Control and Crash Recovery

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15

Serializability
Recoverability
Lock Management
Lock Conversions
Dealing with Deadlocks
Specialized Locking Techniques
Concurrency control without locking
Introduction to crash recovery
Log recovery
Transaction table recovery
Dirty page table recovery
The write-ahead log(WAL) Protocol
CHECKPOINTING
Recovering from a System Crash
Media Recovery

Unit-7: Overview of Storage and Indexing

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5

Data on external Storage

File Organizations and Indexing
Index data structures
Comparison of file organizations
Indexes and Performance Tuning

Unit-8: Storing Data - Disks and Files

8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18

The Memory Hierarchy

Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAID)
Disk Space Management
Buffer Manager
Heap Files Implementation
Page formats
Record Formats
Tree Structured Indexing
Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM)
B+ Trees characteristics
Search
Insert
Delete
Using Duplicate Keys
Hash Based Indexing
Static Hashing
Dynamic Hashing
Extendible Vs Linear Hashing

Unit wise Question Bank (Subjective & Objective)

12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8

Unit-1
Unit-2
Unit-3
Unit-4
Unit-5
Unit-6
Unit-7
Unit-8