Turkmen English Turkmen - Dictionary PDF

www.chaihana.
com
copyright 1996 -- do not distribute, re-post, or deep-link without permission
Please Note:
This dictionary was intended to further understanding between English and Turkmen speakers.
It may be freely distributed for educational purposes. It may not be sold for profit without the
express written permission of its authors. Please direct all comments and inquiries regarding this
dictionary to the following e-mail address: greglas@aya.yale.edu
Helpful feedback and suggestions are always appreciated.
Greg Lastowka
Charlottesville 1999
Introduction ii
TURKMEN - ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
a SPA project of Peace Corps Turkmenistan
Contributing Editors:
Jonathan Garrett
Greg Lastowka
Akgul Muhammetmuradova
Jahan Myradova
Kimberly Naahielua
Meena Pallipamu
Muhammed Rustamov
Meretgul Sharipova
Aynabat Yaylymova
1996 Garret, Lastowka, Naahielua, Pallipamu
Introduction iii
Introduction
This dictionary is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive

Turkmen/English dictionary to be printed.
It consists of over 10,000
words and definitions and is intended as a general-purpose dictionary.

This dictionary was conceptualized, researched, and written as a
secondary project of Peace Corps volunteers living in Turkmenistan,
aided by Peace Corps staff and local counterparts.
Its first printing
was funded by a Small Project Assistance grant from the United States
Goverment through Peace Corps Turkmenistan.
We hope that it will aid in
communication and mutual understanding between the people of our two

countries.
Please direct any comments, corrections, or ommissions to Turkmen
Dictionary Project, c/o Peace Corps Turkmenistan, P.O. Box 258,
Krugozor, Central Post Office, Ashgabat 744000.
Introduction iv
Acknowledgements
This dictionary was a cooperative effort.
We would like to extend
our thanks to: Ainabat Yaylymova for her enthusiasm and dedication to
the project; Muhamet Rustamov of Bairam Ali for his expertise and
assistance in translating obscure phrases and usages; Mehri Karkulova
and Zuhre of the Peace Corp Staff in Ashgabat for their proofreading and
general assistance; Berdi and Gulya Orazahatov of Bairam Ali for their
encouragement and support; Sofia Esenovna Bagirova of Buzmein for her
encouragement; and special thanks to Atgul Muhammetmuradova for her
assistance throughout the project.
The authors also wish to acknowledge the contribution of V.
Mesgudov, whose Turkmen/Russian Student's Dictionary was an important
resource.
Above all, the authors would like to thank our Turkmen friends,
families, and co-workers, who taught us their language and made this
book possible.
Jonathan Garrett
Greg Lastowka
Kimberly Naahielua
Meena Pallipamu
Ashgabat, September 1996
Introduction v
Abbreviations
adj.
adv.
anat.
bot.
col.
fig.
geol.
geom.
gram.
i.e.
mat.
med.
mil.
n.
poet.
r.
adjective
adverb
anatomical
botanical
colloquial
figurative use
geological
geometrical
grammatical
for example
mathematical
medical
military
noun, or noun-adjective
poetic language
denotes that the word in question is either exists in the
Russian language, or is derived from a word that exists in
the Russian language.
verb
zoological
v.
zool.
Notes on Method
Every attempt was made to find the most reasonable and accurate
translation for all words. In cases where a single Turkmen word has no
single equivalent in English, multiple possible translations are
separated by a comma, i.e.:
ekisme
discussion, debate
When a word has various meaning in Turkmen, the multiple meanings

are separated by numbers, i.e.:
gujak
1. embrace
2. armfull
When a two completely different words are spelled alike, their

different meanings are separated by Roman numerals, i.e.:
saz
I. music, musical
II. accurate, intact
Introduction vi
Where two words are spelled alike, but differentiated by a long

vowel (see Appendix), they are listed as above, with the long vowel
indicated by the vowel letter in brackets, i.e.:
at
I. horse
II.[a:] 1. name
2. vowel
Occasional examples of usage are given to help readers understand

the word in context, or understand how the word is used in an idiomatic
way.
In this case, the illustrated word is followed by a colon, which
is followed by the example, i.e.:
dek
like, as:
Bu bur dek ajy = This is hot as a pepper
In most cases, part of speech is obvious and ommitted in the

interest of conserving space.
However, when the part of speech is would
otherwise be ambiguous, it is indicated.

When single-word translations are impossible, or clarification of
usage is necessary, editorial text is written in italics.
or two word comments, parentheses are used.
For short one
Introduction vii
Printer's Note
At the time of this printing, a complete computer-based font of
the new Turkmen alphabet characters was not available to the
general public. As a result, three characters have been
substituted with close equivalents. These characters are as
follows:
Official Character
Substitute Character
/
/
? / ?
Turkmen/English Dictionary 1
www.chaihana.com
A
abadan ylyk well-being
abadanladyrmak to make
well
abadanlamak to be made
well
abanmak to lean over
abat intact
abatlyk intactness
abra reputation
abuna subscription
abuna y subscriber
abzal tool
abzallar instruments
abzalladyrmak to make a
tool
a gz greedy
a
open
a -a an freely, frankly :
A -a an atsana = Please
speak frankly
a ar key
a gzlylyk greed, fighting
by greedy people
a mak to open
a yk adj. open
a yly opening
ada island
adaglamak to betrothe
adagly betrothed
adalat fairness
adalatly fair, just
adalatlylyk justice
adalatsyzlyk injustice
adalga term, title
adam person, man
adamkr ilik philanthropy
adamzat humanity
adat a normal, okay
adatlanmak to adapt
adaty usual
admiral r. admiral
adres r. address
adykmak to acquire
adyl lavish, wealthy
adydaky named after
affiks r. affix
afia r. poster
afrikaly African
aga 1. older brother 2.
(Balkan dialect) uncle
agajet withered, wrinkled
agaran 1. creamy froth of

al 2. foam, froth 3.
lightened, whipped up
agdar-duder etmek to turn
upside-down
agdarmak to overturn, push
over
agdyk overmuch
agdyklyk predominance
aglaba often, the greater
part
aglamak to cry, weep
agralmak 1. to grow heavy,
weighten 2. to advance in
pregnancy
agram weight
agramly heavy
agsak lame
agsamak to limp
agamky adj. evening
agamlyk nahar dinner
agtarmak to search, to look
for
agtary search, quest
agtyk grandchild
agy weeping, crying
agyl pen, enclosure
agyr heavy
agyrlyk weight
agyrmak to hurt
agyrtmak to hurt, cause
pain
agyry 1. ill 2. troubles
agyz beklemek to fast
agyz mouth
agyzzyryk horse's bit
agza member
agzala disjointed
agzamak 1. to mention
someone else 2. to give
voice to
agzybir friendly
agzybirlik friendship
ah darn!
aha aha!
ahlak moral (of a story)
ahmyr etmek to regret,
lament
ahmyr regret, lament
ahwalet adverb
ahyr 1. trough 2. end, exit
ahyrky last, final
ahyryn last, final
ajal death
ajamak 1. to be spoiled 2. to
be fermented
ajatmak 1. to spoil 2. to
ferment
ajayp wonderful, beautiful
ajdarha dragon
ajze on an empty stomach
ajy spicy, peppery, hot
ajyga ajyga, a spicy Turkmen
salad or sauce made from
potatoes, garlic, peppers, and
onions
ajykmak to be hungry,
hunger
ak white
akaba flowing
akar stream, flow
akdyrmak to release, let
flow water or any other
liquid
akgwnli honest, openhearted
aklamak to whiten, whitewash
aklaw y lawyer
akmak 1. foolish, stupid 2.
to flow
akmaklyk stupidity
akrobat r. acrobat
aktiw r. active
aktor r. actor
akuzli pale
akyl mind
akyldar intellectual
akylly smart, clever
akylsyz stupid
akylsyzlyk stupidity
akym stream, flow
akytmak to pour
al pink
ala multi-colored (2 colors)
alabahar early spring
alabeder multi-colored (3 or
more colors)
ala
exit, escape
ala syz inescapable
ala syzlyk inevitability,
unavoidability
alada cares, troubles
alada etmek to care for, go
to trouble over
aladalanmak to care for, go
to trouble over
aladaly troubled,
preoccupied
aladandan in the pre-dawn
alahekik magpie
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alahuberen alahuberen, a
species of white and gray
snake
alaja talisman of camel hair
alajy purchaser, customer
alaka rat
alamat mark, sign, signifier
alamatlandyrmak to signify
ala hill
alarmak to dazzle
alarylmak to stare
threateningly, to glare
angrily
alasarmyk cloudy, uncertain
alaaz early spring: ol
alaaz aly boldy = he
came out of his bad mood
al ak friendly, sociable
aldamak to lie
aldanmak to deceive oneself
aldaw deception, lie
aldaw y liar, rascal, faker
aldygyna to the best of (my,
its, his) ability : Men buni
aldyguna etdim = I tried
my best to do this
aldym-berdimli hardfought, give-and-take
algy debt
aljyramak to be insecure
aljyray insecure,
uncertain, afraid to act
aljyratmak to make
someone/something a
nervous wreck
alkym chin
allanme wonderful
alma 1. apple 2. (as a
command) Don't take it!
almak to take
alasamak to hurry, make
haste
alasan hurried
alasatmak to hasten
altmy sixty
alty six
altyn gold
aluw-satuw commerce
alyjy buyer
alym scientist
alymlyk science (degree)
alyn forehead, way, lead
alyndaky fore
alynday head scarf
alyp gelmek to come taking,
to bring
alys far
alysda distant
aly- aly exchange
alymak to exchange
amal action
aman 1. health, safety,
wholeness 2. safe
amanat unknown property
amatly comfortable, handy
amatsyz uncomfortable
angyz spicy plant
anna friday
anonom anonymous
ant oath
anyk obvious
anyklamak to make clear
anyklyk clarity
a mind, thought
a-bilim education,
knowledge
a-dnje prospect, vista
aalmak to wonder
akarmak to look over
akaw stinker
akawmak to emit an
unpleasing odor
alatma expression, formula
alatmak to express, signify
aly sober
amak to feel, understand
ary opposite
asat easy
asyrmak to understand
azak frost
ap-ak whitest
apbasy two-sided
ar almak to take revenge
ar revenge
ar-namys integrity
ara interval, middle
araba cart (animal driven)
arabaglanyk tie,
connection
ara k border
ara kde bordering
ara y intermediary
arada recently
aradan ykmak to die
aradan since then
aragatnayk tie, connection
arak vodka
arakesme recess, break.
time-out
aralamak to take apart
aralamak to attack
aralyk 1. distance, interval
2. middle-sized
aram moderately
aram-aram sometimes, now

and then
arassa clean
arassalamak 1. to clean 2. to
peel
ardynjyramak to cough up
arga
woof, weft (carpetmaking term)
argyn tired
argynlyk weariness
arheolog r. archeology,
archeologist
arheologik r. archeological
arhitektura r. architecture
arhiw r. archive
arka back (physical)
arkadan
brace, support
arkalanmak to hope
arkalamak to give a hand
to, assist
arkalayk mutual aid
arkalayk support
arkaly supported, helped by
arkan prone
arkayn bolmak to count
on
arkayn safe
arkaynlamak to quiet, to
make still
arman impossible fantasy
armyt pear
arpa barley
arryk skinny
arryklamak to get skinny
arslan lion
artdyrma increase, multiply
artilleria r. artillery
artist r. artist, actor
artmak 1. to increase 2. to
peel
artyk extra
artykma
1. extra 2. very:
artykma gyz = very good
girl
ary bee
arza declaration
arzan inexpensive
arzuw dream, wish
arzuw etmek to wish
arzuwlamak to wish
as lizard
asfalt r. asphalt
asgy
hanging peg
asgyn weak
asgynlamak to weaken
asgynlyk weakness
asgyrmak to sneeze
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aslynda generally
asmak to hang up
asman air, sky
aspirant r. graduate student
assa gently
assistent r. assistant
assyryn secret
assyrynlyk secretiveness
ast bottom, below
astronom r. astronomer
astronomia r. astronomy
asuda peaceful
asudalyk peace
asyl tribe, kin : sizi aslyiz
kim? = Who are your kin?
asylly noble
asylmak to hang
asylyp durmak tohang, be
hanging
asyr century
a food
aa too much
aak below : aagy
aagynda bolmak = to be
underfoot
aaklamak to lower
aaky beggar, low-life
agar lye
agazan stomach
amak to cross : K eden
adym = I crossed the
street
apez cook
ayk sheep knee-bones
(used in a children's game
like dice)
ayr somersault
ayrmak to get across
at 1. horse 2. [a:] first name
3. [a:] noun 4. (as a
command) shoot!
at calysma pronoun
at capysyk horse race
at atak stable
at-abra authority,
reputation
ata grandfather
ata-baba forefather
ata-ene parents
atagzy 1. mouthful, bite 2.
pliers
atanak cross
atanaklayn upon the cross
atarmak to get started
(about cooking)
atda namesake
atgulak 1. wedding gifts 2.

a kind of grass
atlandyrmak to name, call
atlayn 1. [a:] namely 2. on
top
atlaz 1. r. atlas 2. r. satin
atletika r. athletics
atly 1. [a:] namely 2. [a:]
topmost 3. [a:] famous 4.
on horseback
atmak 1. throw 2. put 3.
shoot (a weapon) 4. to add
drink or food
atmosfera r. atmosphere
atom r. atom
atatak stall, booth
atuzli narrow
atyjy shooter
atym fingerful (about a
tablespoon)
atyr scent
atymak to shoot down
atyz garden bed
auditoria r. auditiorium
aut out (as used in sports)
aw hunt
awamak to hunt
awatmak to hunt
(something)
aw y hunter
awlamak to hunt
awuamak to hunt
(something)
awy poison
a 1. moon 2. month
aa palm
geo. foot, bottom
aagu
aak leg, end
aak y mosquito (lit.
"legger")
aakgap footwear
aakgap shoe
aaklamak to finish
aakly leggy, fast
aakalaa
barefoot
aal wife, woman
aamak to take care of
aan obvious
aat memorial ceremony
aawly cautious
aaz frost
aba-a every month
abogda "Indian style" :
Abogdayy gurup
otyrarys = We're sitting
"Indian style"
adylmak to pronounce :
By sz nhile adilar? =
How do you pronounce
this word?
adyly pronunciation
adym song
adym i singer
ady 1. moonlit, moon
(adj.) 2. obvious
adyladyrmak to make
clear, explain
agyr stallion
agyt determination
agytly determined
alag 1. circle 2. gulf
alamak to turn, reflect
alanjyramak to stroll,
saunter
alanma rotation
alanmak 1. to go around,
turn
ala-sala a little stroll
alar seasons
alaw 1. circle 2. racetrack
alawly circular, curvy,
winding
alyk 1. salary 2. monthly
aman a fence
ana window, glass, mirror
anadan reflective
analamak to make glassy
ara singular, unique
aralyk loneliness,
separation
aratyn specific, particular
aratynlyk specificity
ary different
arylmak 1. to get out 2. to
complete 3. to die
ay bear (animal)
ayl-sayl obvious
aylgan
fright, horror
ayp worthy of blame
aypgy
accusative (gram.)
ayplamak to blame
ayrmak to complete
az little, few
az-azdan little by little
az-oblak a little bit
aza ill
azalmak to lessen
azap torment, torture
azar bermek to give trouble,
pain
azar trouble, pain
azamak to get lost
azat free
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azatlyk freedom
azgyrylmak to holler
azmak to get spoiled
azot r. nitrogen
azyk food
B
baba grandfather
babatda on the part of
babatdan from that, that's
why
bada initially
bada-bat immediately
badamjan eggplant
badyna immediately
bag 1. tree 2. lace, shoelace
bagaj r. baggage
bagana sheep skin
bagjyk lace
baglamak to join, connect
baglanyyk joint, unison
baglanyykly united
baglajy united, joined
bagly bolmak to depend on
bagly dependent
bagy singer
bagt luck
bagtly happy (with luck)
bagyr liver
bagyr-ken lungs
bagy devoted
bagylamak 1. to forgive 2.
to dedicate, devote
baha mark, grade, price
bahana excuse
bahanlamak to find an
excuse for
bahar spring
bahyl envious
bahyllyk envy
bahym soon (dialect of
basym)
baja wife's brother
bajak cousin
bajy husband's sister (rarely
used)
bajyp significant, important
bak tank, vessel
baka straight toward: Ol
maa baka rr gelrdi
= she came straight to me
bakalea r. grocery store,
groceries
bakaly well, c'mon : At
bakaly = well, tell me
already
bakja melonfield
bakmak to graze animals
bakteria r. bacteria
baky eternal
bakyna colonial
baky glance : ogryn baky
= a furtive (stolen) glance
bal honey
bala baby
balak pants
bal y bee-keeper
baldak stable
baldyz younger sister-inlaw
balet r. ballet
balkon r. balcony
balkyldamak to glisten,
glitter
ballistik r. ballistic
balyk fish
banderol r. package
bank bank
banka r. jar
bap chapter
bar to exist : Seni kell
barmy? = Are you
thinking? (Do you have
your head?)
barabar equal, equally
barada about
bardaly healthy
bardy-geldi if something
comes up : Bardy-geldi siz
gerek bolsanyiz... = If it
happens you need
something...
barha all
barlag check-up
barlag i quiz
barlag y examiner
barlamak to check, examine
barly rich in possessions,
abundant
barlyk being
barlyyk coming, meeting,
gathering
barmak 1. finger, toe 2. to
go
barrikada r. baracade
bars r. snow leopard
barer r. barrier
bary all, everyone,
everything, entire: Bary
umy? = Is this all?
bary-ogy all in all
baryp again
basgalamak to trample
basgan ak step(s)
basmak to press
bassen r. pool
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bassyrma awning
basybalyjy agressor
basylmak to lose, be
defeated
basym soon
basyrganmak to rant and
rave
basyrmak to close, cover
basy pressure
ba 1. head 2. [a:] boil,
abscess
ba egme worship
ba egmek to worship
ba tutan boss, chief
baa-ba one on one
baaga 1. vain 2. busy
baagalyk vanity
baarjan efficient
baarmak to be able to
baarnykly able, capable
baarnyklyk ability
baaak the very height, the
tippy-top
bada in the beginning
badan from the very start
badan-aak from head to
toes
baga other
baga zat other things
baga a 1. differently 2.
otherwise
balamak to begin
balangy
primary
beginning
baly-barat orderliness
balyk boss, hetman
bat span
batalion r. battallion
batarea r. battery
batga 1. slime, mud 2.
swamp
batlandyrmak to stretch,
extend
batmak to sink, fall
batnyksyz meaningless,
silly
batyr courageous, bold
batyrlyk courage, boldness
ba rich
ba-bow good golly!
sheesh!
baan enriched, become
rich
baanmak to become rich
badak flag
bagu owl
baladyrmak to enrich
balyk wealth
barak prize, reward
baram festival
bary old, great
barynmak to rely, be
protected, be supported
batal mare
bayr hill
baza r. base, foundation
bazar bazaar
be wow! oh! gosh!
bede hay
beden body
beden terbie physical
training
bedenterbie gym, exercise
bedre pail
bedro ugly
begen
joy
begendirmek to gladden
begeik gusset
begres coat
bejergi 1. treatment 2.
design, pattern
bejermek to treat, repair
bekemek to harden,
strengthen
beklemek to block, seal off
bela disaster
belent big, tall, majestic
belentlik height
belet acquainted
belet ilik acquaintance
belgi sign
belgilemek to signify, make
or place a sign
belka squirrel
belke a noodle dish
belki apparent
bellenme nomination
bellenmek to nominate,
make known
belli well-known
bellik sign
bent dam, dyke
bentlemek to dam up
benzin r. gasoline
berbat destroyed,
destruction
ber
tumor
ber ikmek to satiate
ber in rivet
berekella clever, "way-togo"
bereket abundance
bereketli abundant
berentak some
bergi debt
bergidar debtor
berhizli on a diet
berja fulfilment : Men
burugy berja etdim = I
fulfilled the order
berk firm, strong
berkitme reinforced,
reinforcement
berkitmek to fortify
berklik firmness, strength
beroza r. birch
bes enough
beslemek to decorate
bet bad
betbagt bad luck
betbagtlyk accident,
misfortune
beter worse
beterlemek to worsen : el
beterlerdi = The wind
got worse
betgelik ugly
betlik badness, mischief
betnebis greedy
betnebislik greed
betniet malevolent, plotting
betnysan ugly
beton r. concrete
betpl malevolent, plotting
bean etmek to describe,
retell, relate
bean tale
beanama tale
beem i manager
beem ilik etmek to
manage
begelmek to grow taller
behu unconscious
bei quince
beik great, grand
beikli-pesli high and low,
one and all
beiklik height
bele 1. so, such : Bele
zady nireden aldy? =
Where did you get such a
thing? 2. that side
beleki the other, a
different
belk there : Ol belk
gitdi = He went there
beni brain
bezeg decoration
bezemek to decorate
bezemen well-dressed
bezmek same as bezikmek
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bezzat little rascal

b golly, wow
bbek baby
bgl rose
bhbit advantage, gain,
profit
bl ik merry
bl iremek to make merry
bl iremek to joke around
bri 1. here 2. since, this
side of
brik here : Brik geli =
Come here
bsde rival
bsleik rivalry
b five : B barmagymy
aly bilrin = I know it
like my five fingers
blik 1. "A" student 2. n.
five, fiver
biabra shameful
biabralyk shame: Gr,
nhile biabralyk! =
What a shame!
biagyry careless, carefree
biala
willy-nilly,
involuntarily: Biz biala
razyladyk = We agreed
against our will
bi ak very, extremely :
Sizde bi ak uly piik bar
= You have an extremely
big cat
bi im cut, fashion
bi im i tailor
bi mek to cut, tailor
biderek 1. useless, worthless
2. dangerous
bidin without permission
bidzgn undisciplined
biedep discourteous
biedeplik discourtesy
bigarat incapable
bign innocent
bignlik innocence
bihabar misinformed
bihepbe a do-nothing,
lazybones
bija 1. uncomfortable
bije lot, fate, fortune : Bijeli
oglan aglamaz Accept
your fate
bikanun lawless
bikr idle
bil waist
bilagyry rheumatism
bilbag belt
bilbil nightingale
bildiri announcement
bildirmek to make known,
to report upon
bile together
bilek fore-arm
bileleik association
bilelikde together
bilen with : ay gant bilen
i ! = Drink the tea with
sugar!
bilesigeliji curious, prying
bilesigelijilik curiousity
bilet r. ticket
bilezik bracelet
bilgelein on purpose
bilguak sash, girdle, belt
bilim education, knowledge
bilimli educated,
knowledgeable
bilmek to know, to be able :
Men zp bilmerin =
I can't swim
bilmezden unknown
bilmezlik unknowing
bimamla wrong : Sen
bimamla = You're wrong.
bimaza sleepless
bina building
binamys shameless
bintlemek to screw in
bint? eternally joined (?)
biografia r. biography
biologia r. biology
biparh indifferent, careless
biperwa indifferent
biperwalyk indifference
bir bar eken, bir ok
eken traditional story
opening, like our "Once
upon a time... "(lit. One
says it was, one says it
wasn't)
bir menzes identical
bir one, a
biraz a little
birazajyk a little bit
birbada from the beginning
bir ak long ago
birden suddenly
birdenka all of a sudden
birehim heartless, worthless
birek-biregi each other
birhili 1. strange, somewhat
2. monotonous, boring
biri one of : kitaby biri =
one of the books
birign day after tomorrow

birikmek to unite
birin-birin from start to
finish
birinji first
biriilik priority
birkemsiz irreproachable
birledirmek to unite
birleen united
birleik union
birlemek to be united : hli
urtlary proletary
birlei! = Workers of the
world, unite!
birlik 1. unit 2. oneness 3.
only
birlikde together, as one
birmahal a long time ago
birmeze identical
birn e some
birsydyrgyn consecutive,
uniformly distributed
birsyhly continuous :
agajyk birsyhly aglardy =
The kid was crying
constantly
birtaraplayn one-sided
birwagt a long time ago,
once
biryllyk adj. one-year
bisarpa thriftless,
uneconomical
bi-du meal
biirmek to cook, prepare a
dish : meni ejem rek
biirdi = my mother made
bread ( rek)
bimek to be cooked
bitarap neutral
bitaraplyk neutrality
bita pairless, odd: bita
jorap = odd sock
bitewi sole
bitin whole, entire
bitirmek to fill up
bitmek to become full, to be
fulfilled: Onu islegi bitdi
= His desires were fulfilled
biwagt at the wrong time
biwepa faithless, untrue
biwepalyk faithlessness
biygtyar involuntary
biynjalyk uneasy
biz 1. we 2. awl
bizar bolmak to get sick of,
grow tired of: Sizi grr
leriizden men
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bezigipdirin = I've grown

tired of your talk
blank r. form
bloknot r. notepad
bogaldak mast
bogaz 1. inlet 2. throat
bogmak to tie, bind
bognamak to saw: Agajy
bognadym = I sawed wood
bogulmak to suffocate
bogun syllable
bok feces
boks r. boxing
boks y boxer
bokyrdak throat
bol 1. full of, rich with : By
derada balyk bol = This
river is full of fish 2.
Command form of bolmak,
often used with animals :
Bol! = Stay!
bolelenlik sufficient
bolgusyz meaningless,
absurd, ridiculous
bolmak to be, happen
bolmasa if not, or else :
Gowy oka, bolmasa
instituta girip bilmersi =
Study well, or else you
won't enter the institute.
bolu lyk abundant
bolu 1. behaviour 2.
victory
bolar okay, good
bomba r. bomb
bombalamak to bomb
boran snowstorm
bor
duty
bor lanmak to take a duty
upon oneself
borona r. harrow (in a field)
bor r. borscht (soup)
bort r. beehive
bosaga threshold :
bosagadan tlemek = to
cross a threshold
bosmak to flee
bo free, empty, unused
boatmak to empty, unload
boluk emptiness
botanika r. botanical
botlamak to birth, to calve
bo height
boag paint
boamak to paint
bodan-baa from start to
finish
boda 1. girlfriend 2.
person of the same height
boun almak to admit,
confess
boun neck
boun a on, along,
according to : Plan
boun a iledik = We
worked according to the
plan
boz fallow, untilled : boz
erler = virgin lands
bozgak trouble-maker
bozgaklyk trouble, sedition
bozgu
eraser
bozmak 1. to erase 2. to
ruin
bozulan out of tune, out of
whack
bozylmak to be ruined
bkdemek to obstruct
bkden
obstruction
bkmek to bounce, jump
blek part
blek-blek to pieces :
Kagyzy blek-blek etdim
= I tore the paper to pieces
blekleyin partial
blmek to divide, to part
blm section
blmek to get done
brek pilmeni
bri wolf, wolfish
brk skull cap
bwet dam
bwrek kidney
bwe spacious
bwr side, flank : Meni
sag bwrm agyrar = My
right side hurts
bwrslen blackberry
bwsmek to penetrate,
break through
bu this
bug steam
bugarmak to evaporate
bugda renk dark in
complexion
bugda wheat
bugda wheat
buhgalter r. bookkeeper
bukdaklamak to creep, to
sneak
bukja bag, envelope
bukmak to conceal, hide
away : Ol otly pi
agalardan bukar = She
hides the matches from the

kids
bukullym hide and seek
(game)
buky shelter, cover
bulak spring, tap
bulam-bujar confusion
bulamak to mix, stir
bulanmak 1. to be mixed,
stirred 2. to feel nauseous,
vomitous
buladyrmak to mix up
bulamak 1. to get dirty 2.
to get tangled and confused
bulayk entangled
bulalamak to wave,
brandish
buldozer r. bulldozer
buldur yn frost
bulgur wine-glass
bulukmak to increase
bulut cloud
burawlamak to drill, bore
bur
1. angle, corner 2.
pepper
burjy frost
burmak to twist, whirl
burug y a puff
burugsamak to puff, swirl,
curl (of smoke)
burun nose
bulamak to bring good
tidings : Ol meni
oglumy bolanyny
bulady = He brought me
the news of my son's birth
but hip, thigh
buterbrod r. sandwich
buthana church
butnamak to move :
Butnaman dur! = Stand
still!
burak curl, curly =
burak sa ly igit =
curly-haired lad
buruk command
busan
pride
busanjan proud
busanmak to be proud
buurmak to order,
command
buz ice
bdremek to stumble on :
Daa bdredim = I tripped
on a stone
bkdrmek to pound, twist
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bkgldemek to throb,
pound
bkmek to bend
bklmek to be bent, to
bend (oneself)
bre 1. flea 2. fleabite
bremek to cloud, obscure
brgt eagle
brjemek to be wrinkled
brkr hunched
brmek to wrinkle
brn
1. bronze 2. rice
btin whole, throughout
btindna universal
btinle completely
bzmek to tighten, pull
together
bzlmek to be tightened
bujet r. budget
buro r. bureau
by gy saw
by gylmak to saw
bykyn side
byzmyk pancake, crepe
abga downpour
adyr tent
aga 1. child 2. children's
aga- uga children, kids
agalar bagy kindergarden
agaly with children
agalyk 1. childhood 2.
childness
agarmak to call, invite
agary invitation
agsamak 1. to be
destroyed 2. to be old
agsyldamak to rustle
agyl gravel
agyrmak 1. to invite 2. to
call 3. to summon
ak 1. measure, degree,
way 2. offer, proposal,
suggestion 3. time 4.
probability, likelihood
ak etmek to guess
akdanaa excessive
akgan dextrous, adroit,
deft
akganlyk adroitness,
dexterity
akgy pen-knife
aklamak to suppose,
assume
akmak 1. to sting or bite 2.
to chirp
aknymak 1. to strike,
knock 2. to collide, run
into
aknyyk collision, crash
aksyz immeasurable,
immense
akylyk invitation
akyr alcohol
akymak to collide, run
into, come across
akyza sick; having a
headache
al I. camel's milk II. gray,
dull in color
ala 1. hardly, scarcely;
only a little 2. incidentally,
in passing 3. slowly
alaja a little
alajan half-dead
alam- a scattered
alarmak to turn gray

alasowat uneducated,
ignorant
alasowatlyk ignorance
alasyn quick, agile
alasynlyk quickness,
agility
algy machete
algyrt with an accent
almak 1. to smear, rub,
spread 2. to play a musical
instrument 3. to grind;
sharpen 4. to strike, knock,
hit
alpaw puddle, pool
alyk exchange,
interchange
alyrgy
shift (of work)
alyrmak 1. to exchange;
barter 2. to confuse, mixup
alyrynmak to change
one's clothes
alt quickly, rapidly
altlandyrmak to
accelerate; speed
altlyk quickness,
swiftness, rapidity
alykmak to dry up, wither
alym etmek to resemble
alyma 1. exchange 2.
pronoun
alymak 1. to exchange;
barter 2. to vary, alternate
3. to try for, strive for 4. to
be replaced, relieved
aman lazy, idle, sluggish
anak 1. cup 2. kneecap
anaklyk pelvis
a dust
aamak to get dusty
ajarmak to get dusty
aalak to become dusty
ap etme publication
ap etmek to publish
ap seal, stamp
apady chapati
apak I. cotton II.
ap y printer
apgy chopper, small
hammer
apgyn sharp, biting,
piercing
aphana printing plant
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apmak I. 1. to skip, hop,

gallop, race 2. to run
around, avoid II. to chop
apyk 1. fallen tree 2. scar
apyksuwar equestrian
apymak to compete with;
strive to overpass
apyyk race
aramak : bayy
aramak to inquire,
consult
arh 1. spinning wheel 2.
wheel
arkandak hole
arlak sea gull
arpaa galmak to stand
on end
arpmak to clap
arpyyk : el
arpyyk applause
arsenbe Wednesday
arak 1. pitchfork 2. fork
arenbe Wednesday
arwa nomad
arwad ylyk transcience
(the state of being a
nomad)
asly loud, great
aslyk bandy-legged
asowo r. by the hour, by
the clock
asy slanting, oblique;
squinty-eyed
asyrmak 1. to pitch a tent,
spread out, set up 2. to
knock down, overthrow 3.
to knock unconscious
amak 1. to disperse,
break up 2. to come apart,
fall to pieces 3. to lose,
waste 4. to be lost, wasted
at split, crack, crevice
atak difficult
atalba anat. sacrum
atlamak to burst, crack up,
split open
atma hut, tent
atmak 1. to sew,
embroider 2. to tie
together, connect, bind 3.
to snatch, grasp, seize
atryk crossroads
atynja = tze
atynja newlyweds
awmak to ricochet
a I. tea II. small river,
creek
a- rek meal
ahana tea-house
akamak 1. to rinse out 2.
to rinse, gargle 3. to rock,
swing, shake
akamak to rinse
akanmak to stagger,
lurch
ake tea-lover
alamak to water, give
drink
amak to cover, coat
aarmak to bend, to
distort
ayk bandy-legged
ayr bot. chayir
ebis kid
ebek little bunny
ek check : ek boun a
tlemek = to pay by check
ekankalamak to mint,
coin, chase
ekdirme chekdirme, a
traditional Turkmen meat
dish
ekelemek 1. to torment,
torture 2. to pester
ekeleik discussion,
dispute, controversy
ekelemek to dispute,
argue, quarrel
eker sliding box, drawer
ekge cheek-bone
eki
hammer
ekilmek 1. to step back,
fall back, retreat 2. to
reduce diminish, grow less
3. to grow lean
ekimiz agreeable,
harmonious
ekimli public
ekimli ses vowel
ekimsiz ses consonant
ekinmede feel free to...
ekinmek 1. to feel shy,
embarrassed 2. to be afraid
ekirtge locust
ekis hammer
ekisme discussion, debate
ekime etmek to debate
ekimeler debate
ekize chekize: a common
milk product resembling
cream cheese, but more sour
ekmek I. 1. to pull, draw,
tow 2. to carry, drag, pull
3. to last : Examinler bir
aa ekdi = The exam

took one month 4. to lead,
conduct 5. to drag in,
involve 6.
7. to smoke 8. to get
procure 9. to be like,
resemble 10. to carry, bear,
bring 11. to draw a picture,
make a design II. to hang
up; weigh
ekremek to bleat
elek cask, tun
elgi landmark
elpek r.
em successful moment,
good event
em e spoon
eme convenient situation?
emedan r. suitcase
emelenmek to prepare,
train
emelemek to approach,
go up to, arrive, come
emeli 1. convenient,
comfortable 2. exemplary,
approximate 3. apparently,
evidently
emen 1. banquet wreath 2.
meadow
emesiz inconvenient,
uncomfortable
empion r. champion
empionat r.
championship
en 1. situation 2. time 3.
measure, degree, way
endan sometimes,
occasionally, here and
there
endanaa excessive
enemek 1. to take aim at
2. to threaten
enemek to chew
enlemek to suppose,
assume, plan
enli until
ensiz immeasurable,
immense
eek hook, crochet needle
ep left, left side
epbeke southpaw, lefthanded person
eper 1. skilled, skillful 2.
artful 3. eloquent
eper eser fiction
eper ilik mastery, art
eperlik mastery
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epiksi scrawny, skin-andbones

erkes r. Circassian
(ethnicity)
ermek
ermemek to turn up, tuck
up
ernil r. purple
ertor r. draft,
mechanical drawing
eme 1. key 2. spring,
source
eme source
et I. 1. border, edge,
boundary 2. fringe II.
foreign
etin difficult
etledirmek to isolate, to
insulate
etlemek to be isolated,
insulated
ee flexible, pliable
eelik flexibility
enemek 1. to chew 2. to
bite
agri. yield (of grain)
ge sand
gesw er a place with
sandy soil
k 1. border 2. a definite
part
klendirmek to organize
klenmek to be
organized, arranged,
outlined
ksiz boundless, limitless
kaka collor of a boy's
traditional Turkmen shirt
re punishment
resiz forced, of necessity
rek quarter
ermek to lie, be still
nek teapot
nik teapot
ig 1. damp, moist 2.
unripe, immature 3. crude,
raw : ig mal = natural
resources
igildem tulip
igilmek to get tied up in
knots
igin I. shoulder, back II.
lot, destiny
igit sunflower seed : igit
ag = sunflower oil
igmal raw materials
igmek 1. to get tied up,

stuck in a knot 2. to get
entangled, confused,
perplexed
igrek rime, mist
igreklemek to catch a cold
igremek 1. to become
chilly 2. to become warm
ikge corner of the eye
il border
ilik "chilik", a children's
game
ilim cigarette
ilimke smoker
iliirmek to cross one's
legs
intgemek to inquire, to ask
ie steadfast
ierilmek to stare
irik reed, cane : eker i
rik = sugar cane
irke mosquito; moth
irkin shrill, penetrating,
piercing
irkizmek to roast; fry
irtmek 1. to pinch, to
tweak 2. to cut, incise
isme inflammation
ismek 1. to inflate, swell
2. to inflate, puff out
isemek to drizzle
isi drizzle, frost
i I. swelling, tumor II. 1.
spit 2.
iik thick, large, big, stout,
fat
iirmek to inflate, to swell
ilik shish-kebob
ime inflammation
imek to become inflamed
it 1. chinze, cotton 2. adj.
cotton
itgitlemek to crack; chew
nuts, seeds
itim connection, knot
itmek to tie together, bend,
connect
len r. member, limb,
article, part
lenlik r, membership
og heat, sultriness
ogdan tuft, shred, rag
ogmak to flow, pour,
spread
okalamak to peck
oka chokai, Turkmen
leather shoes
okmak to peck, pick, bite

ola 1. secluded 2.
unpopulated
olak cripple
olamak 1. to wrap up drop
in 2. to wrap up
olarmak to become empty,
deserted
olamak 1. to get
confused, mixed up 2. to
become entangled
olpy ladle
oluk shepherd boy
ommalmak to squat,
curtsy
ommaltmak 1. to protrude
2. to poke, jab, thrust
onak lacking one or more
toes or fingers
opan shepherd
opan ilik shepherdhood
opantelpek camomille
or dirt, mud
orba soup
orlamak to get dirty
otga r. brush
otgalamak r. 1. to clean 2.
to brush, to brush off
owdary rye
owlamak I. to sharpen II.
to burn, scorch, singe
owluk great-grandson
omak to warm up, heat
oun r. cast iron, made
of cast iron
ounmak to heat
ozmak 1. to advance 2. to
dash, rush
ke dmek to sit on the
knees, to kneel
kermek to kneel
ket low, lower
ketlik lowlands, hollow
kmek 1. to sink, fall,
come down, go down 2. to
subside, settle 3. to bend
one's knees 4. to sit down,
board, get into
kndi 1. sediment,
aftertaste 2. deposit
(geological)
l desert
p 1. stick 2.
pboa bot. chopboia
pleme 1. (burning) chip,
spill 2. brushwood
plemek to pick up
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plemek to pick up,

gather, collect
pr goat wool
r low
rlek bread (also "food" in
general)
lemek used in umagy
glemek
wre back, inside, wrong
side
wrlmek 1. to turn inside
out 2. to turn over,
overturn
z anat. mesentery
zgt decision, resolution
zlemek to untangle
zmek 1. to untie, unleash,
loosen 2. to solve, decide,
resolve
zlmek 1. to come untied
2. to be resolved
z solution
ugutmak to roll up, curl
up
ukanak hole
ukur I. hole, pit, dungeon
II. 1. deep, profound, low
2. hollow, sunken
ukuralmak 1. to extend,
make more profuse, make
deeper 2. to sink, to grow
hollow
ukurlyk hole, pit
u deep
ualmak to make deeper,
to become more profound,
extensive
ualtmak to deepen
ulamak to deepen
gradually
uluk depth, remoteness
uur profound
usamak to shriek, yelp
us swift-footed
uw adjectival intesifier :
umagy glemek =
uwal chuwal, Turkmen sack
uwa r. Chugach
(nationality)
lpe small, tiny
mdrmek 1. to put
inside, to stick into 2. to
immerse, sink into, plunge
mhrek legible,
discernible, fastidious
mhreklik legibility,
scrupulousness
mmek 1. to thrust, to
plunge, to transfix 2. to be
absorbed in, lost in
mmk pinch
mmklemek to pinch, to
tweak
mldi a tickle, a strange
feeling on the skin
mrmek to soak
nki because, therefore
k 1. corner, angle, nook
2. beak, bill
premek to degenerate
r depesi 1. top, crest 2.
the highest ranks
relmek to taper
ri conical, crested
rt-kesik bluntly;
categorically
rmek to wither,
shrivel, shrink
wde butt
wdrmek to stream,
flow, run
wek to drive, transport,
pull
nail
lemek to nail
remek to rot
rk rotten, putrid
rklik rottenness
rntgi humus
e 1. glass, pane 2.
bottle
yban boil, furnucle
ybyldy rustle (noise)
ybyrlamak to rustle (to
make a rustling noise)
ybyk rod, switch
ybyklamak 1. to cut up,
chop, cleave 2. to whip,
flog
ybyn mosquito
ydam patience
ydamak 1. to suffer,
endure, withstand 2. to
tolerate, to bear 3. to
snatch, grab, seize
ydamly 1. tolerant;
bearable 2. solid, firm,
lasting
ydamlylyk 1. tolerance 2.
durability
ydamsyz 1. impatient 2.
intolerant
yg moisture
ygjarmak to wet or
dampen slightly
ygly moist, raw, wet,
humid, damp
yglyk moistness,
humidity, dampness
ygyldamak to rustle (to
make a rustling noise)
ygyldy rustle (noise)
ygylmak to grieve, long
for
ygyrmak to cry out, bawl,
lament, wail
ykalga exit
ykan cousin
ykarmak 1. to take out,
pull at 2. to take off, strip,
undress 3. to let out,
release 4. to dismiss,
discard 5. to publish, edit,
put out 6. to manufacture,
produce 7. to get, obtain,
procure 8. to display,
expose 9. to dislocate,
sprain 10. to remove,
transfer
ykdajy expenditure, debt
ykdajy expense
ykgynsyz 1. continual 2.
desperate, hopeless
ykmak 1. to exit, to leave
2. to go, set off 3. to climb
up, into 4. to utter, emit 5.
to result in 6. to turn out,
be found 7. to meet 8. to
leave, withdraw, drop out
9. to originate, eminate 10.
to dislocate, sprain : gapy
ykmak = to oppose :
atdan ykmak = to
forget
ykyrynmak to take off, to
strip
yky etmek to perform,
make a speech
yky speech, presentation
ykyw address
ylgym strip, streak
ylka fillet
ylpyk pus
ylpyklamak to fester
ylyrymladyrmak to be
complicated
ylyrymlamak to become
complicated
ylyrymly complex,
complicated
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ym : ym- ym etme! =
Don't be shy! (used when
someone is eating little)
yn true
yn rekden sincerely
ynar plane tree
ynlaka in earnest,
seriously
ynrekdelik sincerity
yp noise from eating?
ypar red, sorrel
ypdyrma lie, falsehood
yplak lightly dressed, with
light baggage
ypla lightly dressed, with
light baggage
yra lamp
yr yk sickness
yr yklamak to fall ill
yrlamak to wind around,
embrace with
yrmamak to wrap up
yrmamak to plait, braid
yrmayk ivy
yrpmak I. to mint, coin II.
to rinse, gargle
yrpynmak 1. to wind,
wiggle, twist, meander 2.
to roar, rage, storm
yrryldamak to whistle
yrryldyy a whistle
yrak dirt, mud
yramak 1. to smear, to
rub in, to spread
ytalamak to try, to
endeavor, to strive
ytmak to knit the browns,
to frown, to wrinkle
ytyk 1. gloomy, sullen,
cloudy (personal) 2.
gloomy, dark (weather)
yzgmak to turn up, to tuck
up
yzgy 1. drawing 2.
drawing, draft, note
yzgy
ruler (for geometry)
yzmak to draw, design
yzmyk stripe
yzyk line, trait, feature
D
daban sole (of foot)
dabara celebration,
ceremony
dabaralanmak to celebrate,
observe a ceremony
dabaraly ceremonial
dadyrmak to taste
dag mountain
dagatmat to scatter
daglamak 1. to grill 2. to
brand
dagly mountain-dweller
dagy else, what else : Dagy
zat tapmadymy? = Didn't
you find anything else?
dagy-duwara from now on,
henceforward
dagynyk uncoordinated,
odd
dahylly important, relevant
: Bu saa dahylly dl =
This doesn't concern you
dakmak to put on : Ol
barmagya zk dakdy
= She put the ring on her
finger
dakynmak to wear
dalak med. spleen
dalan veranda, porch
dalbar summer-house
dal yn carnation
dalda help, aid
daljykmak to pant, be out of
breath
damak throat
damar vein, artery, nerve :
gan damar = blood vessel
damdyk small drop (i.e. of
water)
damja drop
damjalamak to drip
dammak to drip : Damadama kl bolar, hi
dammasa - p bolar
Drop by drop makes a lake,
but not a drop makes a
desert
danialy Danish
danmak to tie, fasten
da atmak to dawn
da dawn
dadan at dawn
dadanky adj. earlymorning

damak 1. to tie 2. to wrap
around
day tether, tie
dar narrow
darak comb
daraklyk toes
daralmak to shrink
daramak to comb
dartgynly tense, intense
dartmak to tug
dary millet
darykmak to worry
da I. far II. 1. exterior 2.
yard, outside area 3. cover
(i.e. of a book) III. [a:]
stone
da-twerek vicinity,
surroundings
daamak to carry
daary 1. outside 2. external
daary urt dili foreign
language
dadeen woodpecker
dagyn above, beyond
daky outside, outer
dalamak to stone, throw
stones at
daladyrmak to remove,
extract
daly stony, rocky
dalykdaky remote
damak to overflow
dayndan besides, in
addition to
dat-bidat! help!
datmak to taste
dava r. "Come on! Let's!"
dawa conflict, argument
dawalamak to argue
dawaly argumentative
daamak to prop up
daan
support
daaw strong, healthy
dahan peasant (often used
to replacethe Russian
"kolhoznik" , meaning
"collective farmer")
day uncle
daza 1. aunt 2. ma'am
dazarylmak to come down
hard on someone, get
tough with
dazlamak to rush, speed
along
debsilmek to spur
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degerli 1. persuasive,
convincing 2. efficacious
degirmek to concern, affect
degirmen mill : degirmen
day = millstone
degigen joker
degili bolmak to belong
degili concerning, in
relation to
degimek to joke
degmek 1. to touch 2. to
bump against 3. fig. to
affect, bother, play with :
Gowusy, sen maa degme!
= You'd better not mess
with me!
dek I. still, unmoving II.
like, as : Bu bur dek ajy =
This is hot as a pepper
dekabr r, December
dekada r, decade
dekan r, dean
dekrek r, decree
del unusual, strange
delegat r, delegate
delegatsia r, delegation
delil evidence, case
delillendirmek to present
evidence, make a case
dellek barber
dellekhana barber shop
dem almak to breathe
dem breath, vapor : demi
izi goberi! = Please
exhale!
dem-dyn
a break, a rest
demgysma asthma
demikmek to gasp, breath
heavily
demir iron : demir ol =
railroad
demirgazyk north
demirgazykgnbatar northwest
demirgazykgndogar northeast
demlemek to boil (water for
tea) : a demlerin =
I'm making tea
demokratik r. democratic
demokratsia r. democracy
demrew herpes (includes all
herpes family diseases, such as
psoriasis, shingles, and
ringworm)
de the same, equal :

Bolary de aga lar = The
trees are the same height
dedu person of the same
age, peer
dee-de the same
dee
until : Biz gi
agama dee oturdyk =
We sat until late in the
evening
deemek 1. to check
(against, with) 2. to try on
deedirmek to check
(against, with)
deiz ocean, sea
deiz i sailor
delemek to make even, to
even out
delik equality
desizlik inequality
depder notebook
depder e little book
depe 1. top 2. hill, knoll 3.
can be used as a preposition :
Depmizden samolot
u up ge di = A plane
flew by above us
depelemek to trample
depgilemek to trample
depgip pace
depjemek to stitch
depmek to kick
deprek drum
deprenmek to get a kick out
of, be taken with
deputat r. deputy
der sweat
dere valley
deregine instead of : Ol z
kitaby derigine daga
birini kitabyny aldy = He
took a different book
instead of his own
dereje degree, extent
derek I. information II. in
place of III. bot. poplar
derekli informative
dereksiz 1. uninformative
2. unmotivated
deri skin, leather
derkar necessary
derlemek to sweat
derman medicine
dermanhana drugstore
dermanlamak to spinkle,
spray
derew examination,
analysis
derew i examiner
derrew at once, right now :
Muny derrew etmeli =
This needs to be done at
once
ders I. lesson II. manure
dert ill
derways vital, urgent,
important
derweze gate
dera river
desga structure
desse bunch, clump : gl
desse i = a bouquet of
flowers
dessine just as, as soon as
dessur tradition, custom
deik 1. hole 2. full of holes
: deik halta = sack with
many holes 3. gap
deirmek to check against,
with
demek to make a hole,
puncture
dde uncle, father (Balkan
dialect)
dl not
dli crazy: dli bolmak =
to go crazy
dliremek to go crazy
dne 1. seed, pit; grain,
kernel 2. bunch, group
dnmek 1. to deny 2. to
retract (ie. one's words)
dp tradition
dp-dessur tradition
dialekt r. dialect
didar face: Men seni
didarya zar I miss you
didivan gun-sight, gunscope
digden eklemek to tremble
digir grain
diglemek to shudder
dik steep; perpendicular
dikddi obstinate
dikelmek 1. to straighten
oneself; raise oneself
dikeltmek 1. to straighten,
to set straight
dikmek to dig in
diktant r. dictation
diktatura r. dictatorship
diktor r. radio-announcer
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dil 1. toungue 2. language

3. pointer, indicator (ie. on
a gauge)
dilden orally
dildwk plot, conspiracy
dileg prayer
dilemek 1. to ask 2. to wish
3. to pray
dilewar 1. witty 2. wit
dilik etmek to slit
dilik n. slit; slice; cut
dilim slice; segment
dillenmek to say something
dillemek to make said; to
come to the point
dilmek to cut; slice
din religion
dindar religious; faithful
dini religious
di emphatic preposition: Ol
di arkan ykyldy = He
fell flat (directly) on his
back
di salmak to overhear; to
hear about
die only
diir genmek to ponder,
meditate on
dilemek to listen
dileji listener; audience
dilemek 1. to listen 2. to
overhear
dimek to become calm;
grow quiet; cease
diirgemek to listen to
diplom r. diploma
diplomatic r. diplomatic
direg strut, brace, prop
direktor r. director
direlmek to come to life
diremek to prop up; brace
direnmek to be propped up;
c=braced
diri alive
dirijor r. conductor (of a
band or orchestra)
diriligene alive
dirili resurrection
dispanser r. clinic
dispet er r. dispatcher
dissertatsia r. dissertation
di tooth : Di agyrysy =
toothache
dilemek 1. to bite 2. to
have a bite, eat a little
diversia r. sabotage
divisia r. division
(military)
diwar wall
dien aly almost
dimek 1. to say: Mua
nme dirler? = What's
this called? 2. to mean, to
signify; to imply
dizel r. diesel
dodak lip
doga from birth
doga okamak to pray
dogan brother
dogan-garynda relative
doganlyk brotherhood
doganoglan cousin
doglan gni birthday
doglu birth
dogmak to rise (of the sun)
dogralmak to be
straightened up
dograltmak to straighten up
dograma dograma, a dish
made of stuffing, onions, and
sheep's head , sometimes made
into soup
dogramak to cut to pieces
dogru yl honest, sincere
dogru yllyk sincerity
dogruda concerning
dogrudan true, really
dogrulamak to direct, aim at
dogrusy in truth, truly
dogry 1. true 2. exact 3.
straight 4. righteous,
upright
dogulmak to be born
dogumly determined
dogurmak to give birth
dok full, satisfied
dokalmak to be woven
dokamak to weave
dok ulyk prosperity
doklad r. report
dokluk satisfaction
dokma weaving, carpetmaking : dokma fabrigi =
carpet factory
doktor r. doctor
dokument r. document
dokuz nine
dokuzynjy ninth
doky Belugian
dolag wrapper
dolak leg-wrappings
dolama ground meat
wrapped in cabbage
dolamak 1. to wrap, bind 2.

to turn, double back
dolandyrmak to manage,
control
dolandyrys management
dolanmak to come back
gram. object :
doldurgy
gni baglanan
doldurgy = direct object :
gytaklayn baglanan
doldurgy = indirect
object
doldurmak to fill
dolmak to be filled
doly I. hail II. [o:] full(y),
filled; thick; complete
domma quiet, reserved
don robe (traditional
Turkmen)
do frozen
doaklyk freeze, frost
doan rigid, frozen
dodurma ice-cream
dodurmak to freeze
domak to be frozen
douz pig
dor bay (color of a horse)
dos used in superlatives: dosdoly = completely full
dost friend, friendly (male
or neuter)
dost-ar friends
dostlamak to become
friends
dostluk friendship
dotsent r. doccent
dowam etmek to continue
dowamynda during
dowan length, course (of
time)
dowanly lengthy
dowar livestock
(specifically: sheeps, goats,
and small cattle)
dowul panic
dowzah hell
doa until satisfied : Men
doa idim = I ate until I
was full
domak to eat one's fill,
stuff oneself: Men
dodym = I'm full, I've
stuffed myself
dourmak to fill (an
animal) with food
dkmek 1. to spill 2. to leak
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dklmek 1. to be poured
out 2. to drop : Aga lary
apaklary dklr =
Leaves fall from the trees
dkn manure, nightsoil
dknlemek to fertilize
dmmek to tear off a piece
dndermek to flip over
dnmek 1. to be flipped over
2. to switch over, turn : Bu
gn howa gya dndi =
Today the weather turned
wintry
dnk traitor, turn-coat
dnklik treachery
drdnji fourth
drediji creator
dredijilik creation
dremek to arise, spring up
dretme creation
dretmek to create
dretmek to start, create,
found
drjemek to dig into
drmek to search, dig
around for
drt four
drtlk a four, a "B" student
drdirmek to turn over
ds pile, heap
d breast
dw I. set, match II. giant;
demon
dwek threshing : dwek
dwmek = to thresh
dwlet 1. government 2.
richness, goodness
dwmek to break
dwrnde during
dwk broken
dwlgi
fragile
dwlmek to break
dwm piece, lump, portion
dwr 1. epoch 2. period,
time
dwrde contemporary
(said of a person)
dwrlein periodic
dzmek to be uncaring
dzmli hardy, staunch
dzmsiz sympathetic,
compassionate
drama r. drama
du ar bolmak to be faced
with
duk mixed up
dul 1. place of respect 2.

widower
dul aal widow
duldegir near, neighborly :
duldegir bolup aamak
= to be a neighbor to, live
near
duluk cheek
duman fog, mist, haze
dumanlamak to grow foggy
dumanly foggy, misty :
dumanly daglar = misty
mountains
dura-bara gradually,
continually
duralga stop (as in bus or
taxi stop)
durdugy a gradually,
continually
durlamak to clear, make still
durmak 1. to stand, be still
2. to be (used to express
cost or fixed state) 3. used
as a modal verb to express a
state of being or continual
action: Ol glp durar =
She's smiling, she's been
smiling
durmu life, existence
durmua ykan married (of
a girl)
durmua ykmak to marry
(of a girl)
durna crane (bird)
durnukly solid, stable
durnuklylyk stability
duruna entirely
duruzmak to make a stop, to
stop
dury pure
du bolmak to be faced with
something
du gelmek to meet, come
to
du I. [u:] close to : Ol
duuna bardy = He went
closer II. r. shower
duak fetters
duenbe Monday
duly closely
dumak to meet, encounter
duman enemy
duman ylyk animosity
duumak to meet,
encounter
duuyk meeting, encounter
dutar dutar, a traditional

Turkmen instrument which is
two-stringed, looks somewhat
like a mandolin and has a
twangy sound
duw superlative affiz: duwak = the whitest,
completely white
dudansyz sudden,
reflexive
dudurmak 1. to warn 2. to
portend 3. to inform
dudury warning
duguda sympathetic
dugudalyk sympathy
dugur impressionable,
perceptive, sensual
dugy sense, feeling
dumak to feel
duz salt
duzak snare
duzlamak to salt
duzly salty : duzsuz bolsa
atarsy, duzly bolsa
ndersi! = If it's not salty,
you can add salt; if it's
salty, there's nothing you
can do!
dkan shop, store; stall
dkrdemek 1. to stomp 2.
to make an indistinct noise
dkrdetmek to stomp
dme dry-farming
dmew 1. virus, common
cold 2. flu
dmewlemek to have a cold
dnderilmek to turn
upside-down, flip-flop
dndermek to turn over,
flip
dnewi secular, worldly
dn inmek to be born
dn world, globe
dnden tmek to die
drdemek to jingle
dr pearl
drbi binoculars
drli diverse, different
drli-drli different,
various
drs correct
drs jogap bermek to
answer correctly
drsemek used in the
construction: zi
drsemek = to get well
drtg
stamp for bread
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drtme grsak blunt

drtmek to poke, prod
dbi clever
dblik cleverness
dek 1. bed, bedding 2.
cushion, mattress
dek e mattress
delge stopping place,
camp
demek 1. to spread out 2.
to pave
dewnt profit
dewntli profitable
dlemek to make a stop
dmek 1. to descend,
dismount, come down
(from) 2. to fall 3. to come
into, upon 4. used
figuratively like the English
"to fall": howsala dmek
= to fall into a panic
dnkli clear,
understandable
dnksiz unclear, not
understandable
dm gram. case :
Trkmendilinde alty
dm bar = The Turkmen
language has six cases
dndiri explanation
dndirili explanatory
dndirmek to explain
dnimek to understand
each other
dnje 1. notion 2.
explanation
dnjeli knowledgable
dnmek I. to understand
II. to swim
drmek to help off, to set
down
dwme jangles, little bells
dwmek to knot
dwlmek to be knotted
dwn ek little knot
dwnmek to choke on
dwrtik pimple,
blackhead
dbnden absolutely
de camel
degu ostrich
dn yesterday
dnki yesterday's
dp 1. bottom 2. base 3.
root 4. bush 5. essence
dpgter forever, once
and for all
dplein forever, once

and for all
dpli essential,
fundamental
drlemek to roll up
d dream
d grmek to have a
dream
drgemek to dream
dt soot
dz etmek to repair, mend
dz I. 1. plains, flatlands 2.
flat, smooth II. 1. straight
2. right
dzedi ammendment
dzelmek to be rectified
dzetmek to set straight, to
rectify
dzgn rule, order
dzgn-nyzam order,
discipline
dzgn-tertip order,
discipline
dzgnledirmek to set in
order
dzgnnama position,
ordering
dzlk plains, flatlands
dzme composition, essay
dzmek 1. to string, to
thread 2. to gather 3. to
compose
dzji compiler, composer
dzm composition, makeup
dzwli composed, orderly,
well
dwigatel r. engine, motor
dada r. uncle
dyglamak to shudder
dykgat attention
dykmak to stuff; to jam in
dyknymak to be pushed in
dyknyyk jam; crush;
crowding
dyky cork; stopper
dykylmak 1. to put in 2. fig.
to nose around in, to butt
into
dykyz packed, dense
dykyzlanmak to get packed
dym superlative affiz
dymjykmak to spoil, go bad
dymmak to be quiet, to shut
up
dymyk silence
dymyk humid
dyn
1. rest; relaxation 2.
peace; stillness
dyn almak to take a rest,
vacation
dyndarmak to get out of; to
escape
dyngy pause
dyngysyz without a break,
non-stop
dynmak 1. to finish 2. to get
out of
dynman without a break,
non-stop
dyr-pytrak bolmak to be
parted; separated
dyrjamak to try, attempt
dyrmak rake
dyrmamak to climb
dyrmyk rake
dyrna ak scratch; abrasion
dyrna aklamak to scratch
dyrnak 1. nail (of a finger or
toe) 2. claw
dyz knee
dyzamak to be bursting,
straining
dyzma
frisky, hot to trot
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E
ebedi eternal
ebediledirmek to
immortalize
ebedilik 1. eternity 2.
eternal
ebete approach
edara etmek to manage
edara office; institution
edebi literary
edebiat literature
edebiat y man of letters
eden-etdilik arbitrariness;
despotism; tyrrany
edenli business-like; expert
edep breeding; politeness
edepli well-bred, polite
edeplilik politeness
edepsiz uncultured;
impolite
edepsizlik impoliteness;
unculturedness
edermen brave
edermenlik valour
edhet manner
edil I. as such II.exact,
exactly
edilen made of
edilmek to be made of
edip bilmek to be able to do
edren
ugly
effekt r. effect
efiop r. Ethiopian
egelenmek to surround
eger (de) if
egin shoulder
egin-eik clothes
eginba clothing
eginde 1. person of same
age 2. brother -in- arms
egirmek to spin
egismek to reduce; to
diminish
eglemek to delay; detain;
hold up
eglenmek to be delayed;
detained
egliik concession
egmek 1. to bend; stoop;
bow 2. to curve; fold
egrelmek to be bent; folded
egri bent; crooked
egriji spinner
egrilik curvature
egsilmez innumerable
ejap shame
eje mother
ejelik motherhood
ejir martyr
ejiz feeble, weak, small
boned
ejizlemek to tire; become
enervated
ekabyr 1. senior; older;
higher 2. powerful; mighty;
intense
ekdi tame
eken really (emphatic word)
Bu nahar rn sji
eken=this food is really
tasty
ekeni eken
ekeran ylyk agriculture;
farming
ekin crop
ekipazh r. crew
eki sowing
ekiz twin
eklemek to contain, hold,
look for, maintain
eklen
means
eklenmek to earn
ekleji breadwinner
ekmek to plant
ekplutasia r. exploitation
ekran r. screen
ekskawator r. excavator
ekspedisia r. expedition,
dispatch office
eksperiment r. experimental
ekspertizia r. expertise,
opinion
eksplutatirlemek r. to
exploit
eksponat r. exhibition
eksponirlemek r. to exhibit,
expose
eksport r. export
eksportirlemek r. to export
ekzamen r. examination
ekzemplar r. to copy,
specimen
el arpmak to applaud, clap
el hand
elbetde of course
eldek tame (same as ekdi)
ele almak to know deeply
elek sieve
elek- elek gzni elek
elek etmek = to stare at
elektrifikasia r.
electrification
elektrifisirlemek to electrify
elektrik r. electrik
elektrostansia r. power
station
elemek to sift
element r. element
elementar r. elementary
elean torn, tattered
elgarama dependent
elhen
1. terrible, frightful,
dreadful 2. powerful, very
strong
elim glue
elin self, own
elipbi alphabet
eljiremek 1. to mince, be
prim 2. t loll, lounge
ellemek to handle
ellemek to touch, handle
ellemek to shake hands
elli fifty
ellik glove
elmydam always
elmydama always
eltmek to deliver, hand,
bring
elujundan etmek to do
elaglyk handkerchief
eleter inaccessible, out of
reach
em medicine
ema bilen with caution,
with care
emblema r. emblem
emdirmek to feed, nurse
emedeklemek to crawl
emeli artificial, false
emelsiz awkward, unskilled
emelsizlik awkwardness
emenmek to covet
emgek 1. illness, sickness 2.
torment, agony, pain
emgemek to take pains, to
make an effort
emgenmek to toil, work
hard, exert oneself
emjek 1. breast, bosom 2.
udder
emlk property, belongings
emma but
emmek to suck
emzik dummy, doll
enay good, favorable
en eme many, a lot
endam body
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endigan uniform, equal

endiganlamak to level,
straighten, clip
endik habit
endiremek to tremble,
shake, quiver
ene dili mothertongue
ene grandmother
ene-atalar parents
enegia r. energy
eneke nana
enjam equipment
enjamladyrmak to equip,
outfit
ensiklopedia r.
encyclopedia
entegem still, yet
entek still, yet, as yet
entemek 1. to wander 2. to
roam
entk still, yet
entreklemek 1. to wander
2. to roam
entuziazm r. enthusiasm
eaak lowering, descent,
slope
eek chin
emek to rush, hurry, be
directed
eit slope, pitch
eremek to cry, weep
etermek 1. to pour out 2.
to fell 3. to fall in 4. to
chase
epe 1. respectable 2. high
flown, bombastic
epigraf r. epigraph
epilmek 1. to wrinkle 2. to
curve, bend, bow
epin pleat, fold, crease,
wrinkle
epizod r. episode
eplemek to fold
eplenmek to fold, bend,
curve (on one's own)
epmek to bend, curve, fold
era r. era
erbet bad
erbetlemek to deteriorate,
turn for the worse
erbetlemek to deteriorate
erbetlik badness
eremek to melt, thaw
ergin solution
erik apricot
erjel persistent
erjellik persistence,
perseverance
erk free
erkana free, unrestricted,
easy
erkek 1. man 2. male camel
erkin 1. free 2. freely,
unrestrictedly
erkinlik freedom
ermeni r. Armanian
erek edge, rim
ersmek 1. to build firmly,
solidly 2. to be firm, solid
erteki fairy tale, story
ertir 1. morning 2.
tomorrow
ertirlik breakfast
ertirlik nahar breakfast
(morning meal)
esas base, basis, foundation
esasan basically, with basis
esasanlamak to be founded
on,based on
esaslsandyrmak to found
esassyz unfounded, without
basis
esasy basic
esbap 1. tool, instrument 2.
grant, relief, dole, benefit
eser written work,
composition, thesis, writing
eserde sensitive, vigilant
eserdelik keenness
esetmek 1. to look at,
examine, inspect 2. to
nurse, care for, look after
esger soldier
esgerlik position, location
esgi rag
eskalator r. escalator
eskiz r. sketch
esli considerable, large
essalawmalekim formal
greeting
esse time (x)
estafeta r. relay race
estetik r. aesthetic
estetika r. aesthetics
estrada r. stage, platform
eek donkey
eik clothes
eikler clothes
eitmek to hear
eret well-being, prosperity
eretli blessed
et meat
etazh r. floor, story of

building
etek lap, skirt
etli of meat, meaty
etli-ganly full-blooded
etmek to do, to make, to
produce
etmi offense
etrap geographical region
etud r. etude
e-wa oh!
e-wk ouch!
ee bolmak to own
ee owner
ee ilik ownership
eelemek 1. to capture 2. to
conquer 3. to gain, occupy,
employ
eelik etmek to keep house
eer saddle
eerlemek to saddle
eermek 1. to follow, ensue
2. to be led 3. to imitate,
copy
egermek to inquire about,
ask
egilik well-being,
prosperity, happiness
eikmek to grow stronger
ejelik pretty
ele like that, as such
eleki different, others, the
others
elemek 1. to tan 2. to
knead
emen
older, senior
emenmek to fear, be
afraid
ewan veranda
eam I. already II. era
ezenek lazy
ezilmek 1. to get wet 2. to
moisten 3. to be oppressed
eziz dear
ezmek 1. to wet, moisten,
soak 2. to opress
ezet martyr
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ah! I see!
bermek to give, serve,
render, get ready
dik boot
dik i shoemaker
dim footstep
dimlemek to step, march
g: ga bolmak to be
carefu;
girt 1.huge 2.very
he tone
hey yo, hi (greeting)
h ah!, I see!
hlepus dunce, knownothing
hli all, the whole, full
hlihalk nationwide
hlumumy universal,
general
hmiet meaning,
significance, importance
hmietli significant,
considerable
ht vow, pledge, promise
htibar 1. reliable,
dependable 2. authentic
htimal possibly
htialanlyk treachery,
perfidy
kitmek to carry, take away
klemek to bring, deliver
lem world
lem-jahan universe, world
lemgoar rainbow
lower jaw
etmek 1. to look at 2. to
look over
pet mighty, powerful,
huge
pige window
r husband
r-aal married couple
sgermek to consider,
regard
sgermez ilik neglect,
disdain
sgermezlik neglect,
disdain
gr open, obvious,
evident
grlik openness,
obviousness
tigir railroad pliers, tongs

tia
caution, heed
tia ly cautious, careful
tlemek 1. to step 2. to
cross, transgress
tmek to step
wmek to feel, react,
respond to
wmezlik slowness,
tardiness (?)
wl-swl by chance (?)
nek glasses, spectacles
F
fabrik factory
fakt r. fact
fakultet r. faculty
familia r. surname
faner r. plywood, veneer
fantastika r. fantastic,
imaginary
fantazia r. imagination;
fantasy
farfor r. china; porcelin
fartuk r. apron
fason r. style
federasia r. federation
federatiw r. federative;
federal
fehtowanie r. fencing
feldsher r. medical assistant
feleton r. feuilleton
ferma r. farm
festiwal r. festival
fewral r. February
feerwerk r. firework
filarmonia r.
philharmonic
film r. film
filologik r. philologic
filologia r. philology
filosofik r. philosophic
filosofia r. philosophy
fin r. Finn
final r. final; finale
firma r. firm
fizika r. physics
fiziki r. physicist
flot r. fleet
fond r. fund
fonetik r. phonetic
fonetika r. phonetics
fontan r. fountain
forma r. uniform
formal r. formal
format r. size; form
formula r. formula
formulirlemek r. to
formulate
formulirowka r.
formulation
forografilemek r. to
photograph
forto ka r. window leaf
forum r. forum
fotoapparat r. camera
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fotografia r. photograph
foe r. foyer; lobby
fraseologik r. phraseologic
fraseologia r. phraseology
front r. front
fundament r. foundation;
basis
funksia r. function
futbol r. football
futbol y r. football player
G
gaba cumbersome,
unweildy
gabahat ylyk entrapment,
vicious scheme
gabak eyelid
gabamak to encircle
gabanja jealous
gabanmak to be jealous of
gabara dimension, size
gabar yk callous
gabarmak to callous
gabat against : Jalar birbirine gabat salnypdyr =
The houses were built
against each other
gabat gelmek to coincide
gabatlamak to intercept
gabaw siege, encirclement
gabsa shutter
gabyk bark, shell
ga a durmak to avoid, keep
at a distance : Men ony
ga a duraryn = I'm
avoiding her
ga alak etmek to hide
from, to avoid
ga alaklamak to hide from,
avoid
ga alga avoidance
ga gak fugitive, refugee
ga gakmak 1. to avoid 2. to
fall, be lost : Meni ukym
ga ypdyr = My hopes
were vanishing
ga mak 1. to flee, retreat
2.to drop (on its own)
ga y dike
ga yrmak 1. to drop, let fall
2. to let loose : ol towany
ga yrdy = He let loose the
rabbit
gadagan forbidden,
prohibited
gadam step, movement
gadym ancient
gadymy antiquity
gadyr fondness
gadyrly dear one
gadyrsyz unloved
gagal stupid, foolish
gagamak to tremble
gagyldamak to cackle, croak
gagyrmak to spit
gagyrynmak to spit out
gahar gelmek to get angry
gahar getirmek to anger
gahar rage, fury
gahar-gazap rage, fury
gaharjan furious, angry
gaharjandyrmak to make
angry
gaharly furious, meanspirited
gahryman hero (fearless
person)
gahryman ylyk heroism
gahrymanlar a heroic
gakylyk phlegm, phlegmy
gala fortress
galadaw indefatiguable,
energetic
galagoply disturbing
galak left-over, left-behind :
galak okuw y = a pupil
who isn't making progress
galak-gal ak leftovers,
clippings
galaktika r. galactic
galam 1. pencil 2. spoon
(Yomud)
galamdan pencil-case
galapyn most of the time :
Galapyn sen gije galyp
gelrsi = You come late
most of the time
galat untruthful : Siz galat
adarsyyz! = You're
lying!
galay tin
galaylamak to solder
galdyramak to tremble
galdyrnak 1. to raise : Elii
galdyry! = Raise your
hand! 2. [a:] to leave
(something) : Kataplaryizi
de galdyry = Leave
your books at home
galgamak to flutter
galkynys revival
galla grain, bread
galmagal noise, racket
galmagally noisy
galmak 1. to raise, be lifted
2. [a:] to stay, remain 3. [a:]
used to form modal verbs,
keep ing : Ol atyr galdy
= He kept (remained)
sleeping
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galamak to thicken,
become dense : Gar kemkemden galaar = The
snow gradually thickened
galo r. galoshes
galp fake, counterfeit
galpak a baby's first hair :
galpak toy = a party
celebrating a child's first
haircut
galpladyrmak to falsify
galpyldy tremors
galstuk r. necktie
galtak wheelbarrow
galtaman bandit
galtadyrmak to be right
against : kafy divara
galtadyryp godyk = We
put the wardrobe against
the wall
galtga float
galyberse-de and with
that...
galyn bride price
galyndy remaining,
remainder: On iki drde
galyndysyz blnr =
Twelve goes into four
without a remainder
galy thick
galylyk thickness
gam cekmek to mourn
gamak a kind of plant
gamamak 1. to be dazed,
overwhelmed 2. to be
disgusted
gamayk hazy, cloudy, dull
gam y whip
gam ylamak to whip
gamgyn sad
gamladyrmak to pack,
stuff
gamly sad
gamy reed : Gamyy
gowak tutsa, elinni
gyar = Hold the reed
lightly, it might cut your
hand
gan blood
gana plenty : Gana syw i !
= Drink plenty of water!
adj. bleeding
ganagy
ganar sack (for cut straw,
etc.)
ganat wing
ganatlandyrmak to inspire
(lit. to add wings)
ganaw ditch
gandym a kind of plant
gandyrmak to fill, satisfy,
slake, relieve
ganhor murderer,
monstrous person
ganjarmak to bleed
ganjyga saddle straps
ganjyk bitch
ganly bloody
ganmak to fill (something
with a liquid)
gansyz bloodless
gant sugar
gantly sugary
ganybir one blooded : Ol
meni ganybir doganym =
He's my blood brother.
ganymat not bad
ganymatlamak to get
better
gaa mule saddle
garak hook
garylamak to bend, make
hooked
gayrawuk anat.
nasopharynx
gayr ak hook (for
clothing)
gayrmak to bend
gap 1. box, package 2.
vessel : naxar iiln gap
= kitchenware 3.
grammatical intesifier: gapgaraky = really dark
gapak cover
gapan 1. trap 2. scale (for
weighing)
gapdal side : Gapy jay
demirgazyk gapdalyda =
The door is on the house's
north side
gapdalky adj. side :
gapdalky gapy = side door
gapga
dishes, utensils
gapgarmak to fill
gapjamak to clamp
gapjawa
clamp
gaplamak to cover, bury
gapla tiger
gapma-gary contradictory :
Ol maa gapma-gary
dyrdy = He contradicted
me
gapmak to catch
gapy door
gapyl ignorant, ill-informed
gapyrga rib
gapyrjak box
gar snow
gara black
gara-rt bolmak to char
garabasma nightmare
gara orba Turkmen meat
soup
garagol disorderly
garagu epilepsy
garahassalyk typhys
garaj r. garage
garak eye : Nme, seni
garagy okmy? = What,
you don't have eyes to see?
garak y bandit : deiz
gara ylary = pirates
garakl baby sheep's pelt
(used to make Turkmen
telpeks)
garalama draft, rough copy
garalamak 1. to blacken : Ol
gayy garalaar = She's
darkening her eyebrows 2.
to dye 3. to shame, sully
garalaw y public
prosecutor, investigating
magistrate
garalmak 1. to become dark
2. to burn : Dn men gne
gataldym = I got a sunburn
yesterday 3. to consider
garaltmak to make black
garaly plum, plum tree :
garaly mrepbesi = plum
jam
garalymak to wait for
someone
garamak 1. v. to overlook 2.
v. to consider 3. n.
direction, auspices
garamandalak thistle
garamat responsibility
garamaak common people
(???)
garamazdan despite
garamyk 1. chicken pox 2. a
kind of plant
garanjaklamak to look
around
garantja scarecrow
garaky 1. dark, unlit 2.
darkness : Garakydan
gorkarymy? = Are you
afraid of the dark?
garakylyk darkness
garakyramak to darken
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garasmez reserved,
unsociable
garasuw glaucoma
garadyrmak to make
someone wait awhile
garaly bolmak to depend
on
garaly dependent
garalylyk dependence
garamak to wait
garasyz independent
garasyzlyk independence:
syasy we ykdysady
garasyzlyk = political and
economic independence
garayk attention, notice
garawul durmak to stand
guard
garawul guard
garaag tar
garaagyz dark
complexioned
garay 1. attitude, opinion
2. look, glance
garaz in general, to put it
shortly : Garaz sen razy
dl-d = To put it shortyly,
you don't agree
garbak-gurbak etmek to
bite, eat some
garbamak to suffice
garbanmak to bite, eat some
gar yga fellow
garda brother
garderob r. wardrobe
garga crow, raven
gargy reed, rush
gargy damnation
garjamak to get mixed up,
confused
garjayk hoarse
gark bilmak to drown
garlawa
swallow (bird)
garly snowy
garma-grmelik chaos,
confusion
garmak to mix with, shuffle
garmon r. accordian
garnizon r. garrison
garnuw dash, pinch (in
cooking)
garnym ditch
garpymak to be coupled
with, to clamp on to
garpyz watermelon : Ker
garpuz i! = Eat a piece of
watermelon!
garramak to age
garramak to get a little
older
garratmak to make old :
Agyr zhmet ony
garradyrdyr = Hard work
aged him
garry 1. old, aged 2. old
person
garrygyz Old Girl (a variety
of melon)
garrylyk age, old age
garsamak to put
garsylyk obstacle
gary 1. against, adjoining
2. to meet, greet : Olary
garysyndan babam
ykdy = My grandfather
went to meet them 3.
constantly : Ol okuwa
gary gij galyp gelmek =
He always comes late to
study
gary cykmak to disagree,
object
garyda adversary
garyldamak to greet, meet
garylyk grkezme protest
garylyk grkezmek to
protest
garylyk obstacle,
opposition
garta grown : Bu telpek
seni garta grkezr =
This hat makes you look
older
gartamak to grow old
garym-gatym disorderly
garyn stomach : Meni
garynym a = I'm hungry
garynda relative
garyndasyramak to be
related
garyndy dash, pinch (in
cooking)
garynja ant
garyp poor : garyp adam =
poor person
garyplyk poverty
gary a unit of measurement
equal to the width of a hand
from the outside of the thumb
to the outside of the little
finger
garydyrmak to mix, mix in
garymak to be mixed
garyyk mixed
gassap butcher
gastrol r. tour (artistic)
gastronom r. gourmet
gasyk groin, pubis
gasyn wrinkle
ga 1 1. eyebrow 2. before :
gaynda durmak = to
stand before
ga 2 encrustations, inlayed
stones
gaamak to scratch
gaba-ga face to face (lit.
brow to brow)
galamak to inlay, encrust
gat layer, floor : iki gat ja
= two-story house
gatakar rapids
gatalkmak to raise,
strengthen : Ol sesii
galtalkmali = He should
raise his voice
gatamak 1. to harden 2. to
grow stale
gatan
share, portion
gatbar-gatbar many-floored
gatla dam, dike
gatlak layer
gatlakly layered
gatlamak to deposit, add a
layer
gatmak 1. to add 2. to mix
gatnamak to be going (on a
regular basis)
gatnamak to participate in,
attend : Men lektsialara
gatnadym = I attended the
lectures
gatnayjy participant
gatnayk relation: dostlukly
gatnayk = friendly
relations
gatnaw 1. movement, traffic
: Hzir aheri
k elerinde gatnaw uly =
There's a lot of movent on
the streets today 2.
communication, route
gatnawy route
gaty I. 1. hard, strong 2.
stale : gaty rek = stale
bread 3. loud II. 1. very,
extremely, a lot : Ol gaty
gordy = He was very afraid
2. well-done : gaty
biirilen umurtga =
hard-boiled egg
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gatyk soft milk product like

yoghurt
gatylyk hardness
gatyr mule
gatyrganmak to anger
gatyyk various
gawun melon
ga storm
gaa crag, cliff
gaamak to embroider
gacy scissors
ga ylamak to cut with
scissors
gaduwsyz intrepid,
fearless
gadym derejesi gram.
passive voice
gadyp forward, beyond
gadyyn return, way back
: Gadyyn size degip
ge epin = I'll stop by on
the way back
gagy etmek to worry
gagy worry, sadness
gagyly sad, worrisome
gagyrmak to pity, feel
sorry for
gaky strutting, with one's
chest puffed out
gama embroidery
gamak 1. cream 2. [a:] to
soar
gamakly creamy
gamalamak 1. to sew 2.
[a:] to whirl, spin around :
agajik enesini daynda
gamalap rdi = The
child whirled around its
mother
gamalamak [a:] to hurry
about, bustle, make a fuss
ganag boiled : Men die
ganag suw i meli = I
must drink only boiled
water
ganamak to boil
ganatmak to boil
(something) : Sen suw
ganatamy? = Are you
boiling water?
gara north-east
garagolulmasyz urgent
garalmak 1. to worsen 2.
to move backward
garamak to hone, sharpen
garat strength, hutzpah
garatlanmak to buck up,

get gutsy
gary different
gaarmak to sag, cave in
gaartmak to bend, bend
back, indent
gata 1. time(s) : Kitaby
birn e gata okadym = I
read the book a few times
2. just the opposite : agy
dimn, gata
g lenrdi = The
snow didn't slacken just
the opposite it got
stronger
gatalanmak to be repeated
gataladyrmak to review,
repeat several times :
ileriizi gataladyry =
Review your homework
gatalmak to repeat
gatandan anew, again :
Gatadan geli! = Come
again!
gatargy change (money)
gatarma 1. negative
command or gerrund form
of gatarmak 2. A young
wife who returns to her
family for a short time after
a month of marriage
gatarmak to give back,
return
gatawul rebuff, repulse :
Dumana gatawul
berdik = We repulsed the
enemy
gaybana externally, by
correspondence
gayk boat
gaym firm, tough :
gaym aga = solid wood
gayn in-law, in-laws :
gayn ata = father-in-law
gay leather
gazykmak to become
weather-beaten, chapped
gaz gas
gaz [a:] goose
Gazak Kazahk
gazan big palow pan
gazan
earnings
gazan a [a:] pot
gazan ly profitable
gazanmak to earn
gazap anger
gazaplandyrmak to make
angry
gazaplanmak to get angry
gazaply angry
gazet r. newspaper
gazganak pothole : ol
duruna gazganak = The
road is full of potholes
gazly carbonated, gassy :
gazly suw = carbonated
water
gazmak to dig
gazyk peg
ge elge passage
ge ginli popular, soughtafter
ge i goat : Ge i wrp,
keik bolmaz = A very
fast goat won't be a gazelle
: Ge jan gagy, gassaba
ag : The goat loves life,
the butcher loves fat
ge iriji conductor
ge irimli merciful,
charitable
ge irmek 1. to conduct, run,
control 2. to translate :
Turkmendiline ge iri! =
Translate to Turkmen! 3. to
reschedule, set a new time
ge is transition
ge mek 1. to pass 2. to
begin, start : Tze tema
ge ris = We're starting
a new theme 3. to pardon,
forgive 4. used as a helping
verb like the English
"through" : deip ge mek
= to pierce through : okap
ge mek = to read through
ge mi the past : yzak
ge mi = the distant past
gedam proud, arrogant
geda 1. poor 2. beggar,
poor person
gedalamak to impoverish
gedemlik arrogance
gegemonia r. hegemony
gektar r. hectacre
gelesizlik carelessness
gelin 1. young girl 2. sisterin-law, bride
gelinalyjy wedding caravan
gelinbarmak grapes
(specifically, Lady's Finger,
a long a sweet variety of
grape)
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gelingyz young bride, girl

gelip ykmak to originate
gelip yky origin
gelimek to go with, suit :
Bu knek saa
gelimer = That dress
doesn't suit you
geljek future : Bagtly geljek
hakynda arzuw etrin =
I wish for a happy future :
geljek yl = next year
gelmek 1. to come, arrive 2.
to bear, carry 3. sometimes
used as a modal verb with the
-yp/-ip gerrund form : alyp
gelmek = to bring : u up
gelmek = to fly in 4. used
to describe wants and desires
: atasym gelr = I want
to sleep : Ony a lasy
gelr = She wants to cry
gelnalyjy wedding
procession
gelneje bride
gelik beauty
gelikli beautiful
geliksiz disadvantageous,
hideous : Bu geliksiz i =
This is thankless work
geliksizlik disadvantage
gelin the opposite way
gemir ek cartilidge
gemirmek to gnaw, nibble
gemiek foreigner
gemrijiler rodents
general r. general (military)
genial r. brilliant, eminent
geni r. genius
ge strange, surprising,
weird
gee advice
geemek to advise
geirgendirmek to surprise,
startle
geirgenmek to be
surprised, startled
gelemek to seem strange
geograf r. geographer
geografia r. geography
geologia r. geology
geometria r. geometry
gep talk, conversation,
parlance : dogry gep =
honest words, straight talk
gep-grr conversation,
talk
gep i busy-body, gossip
geplemek to speak
geplemek to speak
geplemezlik silence
geplemek talky,
conversational
gepleik 1. negotiations 2.
spoken, negotiated
gepleikler negotiation(s)
geplemek 1. to converse,
talk
gepletmek to allow to speak
: Ol meni gepletdi = He
allowed me to speak
gerb emblem
gerbari r. barbarism
gerbli stamped, official
gerden shoulder(s)
geregi e so much, as much
as is needed
gerek necessary, needed :
Saa nme gerek? = What
do you need? (lit. What is
needed to you?)
gereklemek to want
gerekli necessary, needed :
any bilen i gerekli
zatlaryy aldy = He took
the most necessary things
gereksiz unnecessary
gerim 1. in a big way, in a
grand style 2. great strides
gerinmek to sip
geri back, spine
gerk-gbe enough, a lot of
germek to put up, set up
germemek to obstruct
germew obstruction
gero r. hero
getirmek to fetch, bring : Bu
saa zyan getirjek = That
will bring you harm
gedirmek to dress
(somebody) : Ol gyzya
tze knek gedirdi =
She put a new dress on her
daughter
geim clothes
geim-eik clothes
geim-gejim clothes
geindirmek to dress
(somebody)
gemek to dress (oneself)
genwli well-dressed
gezdirmek to take for a
walk : Murat, iti gezdir! =
Murat, take the dog for a
walk!
gezegine in turns, by turns

gezek 1. time (as in "3
times") : Grrmisi
indiki gezege goarys =
We're putting of talking
until the next time 2. turn,
move
gezek-gezigine in turns, by
turns
gezeklemek to alternate
gezelen etmek to go for a
walk, stroll
gezelen
stroll
gezemek to aim
gezende stroll
gezer jog, trot
gezim stroll
gezmek 1. to stroll 2. to
wander : Kp urtlary
gezdik = We wandered
around a lot of countries
gezmelemek to pass
gdik breach, fracture
ggirmek to belch, burp
gmi ship
gp scarecrow
gtmek to break off, chop
off
gz dirt
gzlemek to get dirty
gibrid r. hybrid
gi
late : Ol sapagia gije
geldi = He came late to
class : Gi agy! = Good
evening!
gi ki late
gi lemek to come late
gi lik evening
gidiin going, one way
gidiin-gadyyn round
trip
gidiini passing, incidental
giew son-in-law, brother-inlaw
gigiena r. hygiene
gijara before sunset
gije night
gije-gndiz day and night
gijeki adj. night
giji itch
gijikdirmek to make too
late, to delay
gijikmek to be late : Sen ie
gijikri = You're late to
work
gikilewik annoyance, itch
gimn r. hymn
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gimnastika r. gymnastics
gi 1. wide, spacious 2.
composed, easy-going
(personality)
gielmek to be widened
gii spacious, wide
gileme expansion
gilemek to expand
gilik 1. width, gauge 2.
latitude (geographical)
gipdal whirlpool
gipdeji income, revenue
gipdenek tubby person,
frump
gips r. plaster
girelge entrance
girew deposity, security
deposit
giri introduction
girimek to begin
girimek to embark upon
girizmek to let in, bring in
girmek to enter : Ol here
girr = He's coming into
town
gitar guitar : alty kirili
gitar = six string guitar
gitdigi e gradually, little by
little
gitmek 1. to go 2. used as a
modal verb : ykypyp
gitmek = to collapse (lit. to
go falling)
gizlemek to be concealed,
put away
gizlenmek to conceal, put
away
gizlenpe ek hide-and-seek
gizligin secret
gizlin secret, illegal, hidden
globys r. globe
gobsynmak to raise oneself,
to stand up
go
1. ram 2. ram-like (a
compliment) : go ygit =
a bold and daring young
man
goduklamak to wobble,
stagger
goh 1. noise 2. scandal
goja 1. old, ancient 2. an old
man
gojalyk age
gojamak to age (said of
men)
gojaman ancient
gol 1. hand, arm 2.

signature 3. gulf
gol ekmek to sign (to pull
arm)
golak handless, armless
golandirly Dutch person
golasty dependent, colonial
gola next, near, about : Ol
iki aa gola dien aly
dyn aldy : He rested
about two months : Bizi
golaymizdan kanal
ge r = A canal passes
close to here.
golada 1. not far 2. not
long ago
golalamak to approach
golalyk closeness
golaynda at
gol a earthenware pot,
pitcher
gol ur offshoot
goldamak to support, to aid
goldaw support, aid
gollamak to support
gollanmak to be guided, to
follow : Instruktsiany
gollanmady! = You didn't
follow instructions!
golsuz 1. armless, handless
2. unsigned
goltuk armpit
golazma manuscript
gom storm
gomparmak to put on airs,
become full of oneself
gompy conceited, arrogant
gonam ylyk graveyard
gon
trouser-leg
gondyrmak to land (a plane)
gonmak to land : Kepderi
tama gondy = The dove
landed on the roof
goak dandruff
goralmak to turn brown
goy neighbor,
neighboring
goy-golan neighbor
gour brown
goursamak to smell
strongly (like burning
rubber)
goparmak to pull out, tear
off
gopbamsy arrogant,
conceited
gopgun noise, din, fracas
gopmak to fall out, fall off

gopuz mouth harp
gor ferment, leaven
gorag 1. protection 2. fence
gorag y protector
goramak to protect, defend
goranmak to be protected
goray protection
gor itsa r. mustard
gorizontal r. horizontal
gorka timidity
gorkak shy, timid
gorkaklyk cowardice
gorkmak to be afraid
gorkuly 1. frightening,
dangerous 2. frightened
gorkun
1. frightening,
dangerous 2. monster
gorkuzmak to scare
gorky fear, fright
gorp ditch
gorsamak to turn (a corner)
gorsanmak to be unsettled
gorok r. pot, potty
gosgy poem, poetic
gospital r. hospital
go things, property,
belongings
go-gola property,
belongings
goa two, a pair
goant contribution
goar wrist
goawu
handful
goma compound
goma a 1. addition,
appendage 2. appendix
gomak to add, add on,
append : gomak almaty =
addition sign, plus
gotorba knapsack
goulma suffix, ending
goulyjy component
goun army
goun ylyk military service
gotan pelican
gotaz tassel
gotur 1. pitted, pockmarked
2. mangy, scabby
gow snake scales
gowa waterskin
gowa a cotton
gowak cave
gowga din, racket
gowgaly troubled, disturbed
gowlamak to make a bed
gowrak more than
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gowak weak
gowamak to weaken
gowatmak to make weak
gowuramak to convey,
deliver
gowulandyrmak to make
better, improve
gowularmak to get better
gowulamak to make better
gowulyl goodness, good
gowurma preserved meat that
was fried in fat- something
like jerky or hard tack
gowurmak to fry
gowumak 1. to give 2. to
reach, make it to : Olar
Agabada gowudylar =
They reached Ashgabat
gowuz not full
gowy good, well
gowy grmek to like, be
fond of
gowylandyrmak to improve
gowylyk goodness
gowzalmak to decrease, get
rid of
goalamk to thicken
goazy serious
gobermek 1. to let go 2.
used as a modal verb to
signify reflexive or
involuntary actions : Ol
muny adyp goberdi =
He let this slip from his
toungue by accident, He
said this
gobolsun etmek to repeal,
abolish
go as if, as though
gomak 1. to put 2. to put
forward, submit 3. used as
a modal verb signifying a
completed action : alyp
gomak = to make a
purchase : edip gomak =
to get (something) done
gory dense, thick
goulmak to be placed,
given
goulyk thickness, density
goum deposit, investment
goun sheep
goy dense, thick
goza cotton boll
gozgala 1. uprising 2.
unease, disquiet : Ondan
gozgalaa durin =
That makes me feel uneasy,

that disturbs me
gozgala y rebel, mutineer
gozgamak to move
(something)
gozganmak to move
(oneself)
gbek belly-button
g
1. move, turn (in chess
or checkers) 2. nomadic
camp
g gnli jumpy, excited
g me mobile, transitory
g mek to move, to go
somewhere else : G -a!
= C'mon, move! (Heard
often in buses)
g rmek 1. to move
(something) 2. fig. to copy
gdek rude
gger in wild dove
ggermek 1. to grow, rise,
come up 2. to become blue
or green
gjek clay ball (used for
slingshots)
gk 1. blue 2. green 3. sky :
Gkde eke-je bulut ok =
There's not a single cloud
in the sky
gk nm vegetable
gl central design, symbol in
a Turkmen carpet
gle calf (young cow)
gm-gk bluest, completely
blue
gmelte directly,
immediately
gmmek to fill in
gmk filled
gn leather
gnelmek to straighten out
gnen ilik pleasure
gnenmek to get pleasure,
benefit
gni straight, direct
gnbur luk mat. right
angle
gnkdirmek to direct
gnkme exercise (in a
book)
gnlmek 1, to go straight
2. to speak directly
gnme directions
gnmek to be directed
gnmel straightforward
gr grave, tomb
gre
pupil (of the eye)
gredeli model, example
gre wrestling
gremek to fight, wrestle
gr 1. by comparison : Ol
saa gr daawrak = By
comparison to you, he's
healthy 2. by, according to
: seni atmagya gr =
by your words, according
to your words
grgi suffering, torture
grgli unfortunate person
grglik torture : Bu n
grglik! = What torture
this is!
grip envious
grk beauty : Grk gz bilen
agyzda = Beauty is in the
eyes and the mouth
grkana 1. nice 2. pretty,
picturesque
grkezgi
indicator
grkeziji index, exponent
grkezmek to show
grksz not pretty
grme-gr visit
grmego nice
grmek 1. to see (in various
senses: to meet, to
understand, to figure out)
2. as a modal verb, implying
attempt or dare Men dadyr
grdim = I tried (dared) to
taste it, I tasted it
grnetin plain to see,
obvious
grnkli visible, eminent,
attractive
grn 1. look, appearance
2. form, shape 3. kind, type
4. view, scene 5. gram.
aspect
grbilmez ilik jealousy
grnmek to appear, to
seem
gr vision
grmek to meet, greet
gtergimek 1. to raise above
2. to extol
gtermek to pick up
gtsbogma whooping cough
gwher pearl
gwna yk open-hearted,
artless
gwnamek 1. to agree with,
desire : Ol bizi bilen
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gitmge gbnnok = He
doesn't want to go with us,
He has not agreed to go
with us
gwneja with spirit
gwnetmek to persuade,
talk into
gwnne degilmek to be
offended
gwnne degmek to offend
gwnne gotermek to cheer
up
gwre trunk, torso
gwreli pregnant
gwrm volume
gwrmli voluminous,
sizable
gwl dilapidated (used of
clothing)
gwn soul, spirit
gwnje desirous of,
wanting to : Men gitmge
gwnje dl = I don't
want to go
gwnly spirited : ki i
gwnly = mean-spirited
gwnsiz disinterested, not
desirous
gws breast
gduk sickly, puny
gz 1. eye 2. glance 3.
vision 4. peephole
gz nde tutmak to aim
gz a teardrop
gz-grtele obvious, patent
gz-gulak bolmak to watch
over (lit, to be eyes and
ears)
gzbag y hypnotizer
gzba spring, source
gzbay origin
gzboag ylyk deception
gzdandy blindman's bluff
(game)
gzeg care
gzel pretty, nice
gzellik beauty
gzenek grating, lattice
gzgyny pathetic, pitiable
gzleg research
gzlemek to search, search
for
gz as if
gza teardrop
gradus degree(s) (of
temperature)
grafa r. graph
grafik r. draughtsman
grafim r. decanter
grajjdan r. citizen
gram r. gram
grammatik r. grammatical
grammatika r. grammar
granat r. grenade
grek hozy walnut
grek r. Greek
grim r. make-up
grip r. flu
gruppa r. gruppa
gruzin r. Georgian
gruzovik r. truck
gubur tomb
guda son-in-law or
daughter-in-law's father or
mother
gudrat miracle, marvel
guduz 1. mad, rabid 2. fig.
mischeivous
gujak 1. embrace 2. armfull
gujaklamak to embrace
gujaklamak to embrace
gujur force, energy
gujurly energetic
gujursyz weak
gulak asmak to listen
attentively
gulak ear(s)
gulak salmak to listen
attentively
gulluk service
gulluk y servant
gulmak to pour
gulp lock
gulpak corn silk
gulplamak to lock
gum 1. sand 2. desert
gum-gulluk not a soul
gumak sandy
gun a bud (of a flower)
gundag swaddling clothes
gunduz otter
gunumak to whip up,
inspire
gupba traditional Turkmen
girl's headpiece, made of metal
and worn over a skullcap
guradylan dried
guragyryly rheunatism
gurak arid
gural instrument, tool : saz
gurallary = musical
instruments
gurama organization
gurama y organizer
guramak I. to organize II.

[u:] to dry out
guranmak to be put together
gurat 1. corrected, improved
2. fattened (of sheep)
guratlyk improvement
gurbaga frog
gurban sacrifice : gurban
baram = festival of the
sacrifice (major holiday
whichcelebrates the covenant
of Abraham)
gurbat ability
gurbatly able
gur uk worm
gurgun healthy, well
gurjak doll, toy :
Gyzjagazlar gurjak
onaarlar = The little
girls play with dolls
gurjurly forceful
gurlu construction
gurlulyk construction
gurluyk y carpenter
gurmak 1. to build, create 2.
to set : gapgan gurmak = to
set a trap
gurp ability
gurplanmak to become
strong, able
gurply 1. strong, able 2.
well-off
gursak breast
guraw hoop
gurawmak to enclose,
encircle
gurun lead (metal)
gurt I. [u:] wolf II. [u:]
worm, maggot III. ball of
dried curds : Ol gurt bolup
oturdy = He was curled up
in a ball, huddled up
gurtlamak to become
wormy
gurulta assembly,
conference, convention,
gathering
gurulyk dryness
gurum soot
gurumak to get numb :
Meni aaklarym
gurupdyr = My legs fell
asleep
gury dry
gus-gury absolutely dry, the
driest
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gusmak to throw up, puke,

vomit
gussa sorrow
gu bird
guak belt : Ol guagyy
dady = He fastened his
belt
guaklyk 1. waist 2. geog.
belt
guamak to tie with a belt
gu ulyk poultry
gutap pastry, pie
gutarmak 1. to finish, to end
2. used as a modal verb to
express completion : gazyp
gutarmak = to finish
digging, to dig out
gutarnykly final, last
gutary conclusion
gutlag congratulations
gutlamak to congratulate
gutly bolsun! Happy ... ! :
Tze ul gutly bolsun! =
Happy New Year!
gutulgysyz hopeless
gutulmak to recover
guty box
guwan
pride
guwanmak to be proud of
gugu
funnel
guma casting (metal)
gumak to pour, pour in
guruk tail
guy well, shaft
guza shady side
guzlamak to calve (used of
cows, cats, sheeps, and
some other animals)
guzlay productive, fastbreeding
guzy lamb
gber ek protruding,
bulging, convex
gbermek to swell up,
inflate
gbrdemek to thunder,
roar
ge moth
gjelemek to tantalize,
tease
gjk puppy
gl 1. flower 2. rose 3.
ornament 4. cataract 5.
curl, flourish
glaby a kind of melon
gldrmek to make laugh
gllek red poppy
glki laughter : Meni

glkim tutar = This
makes me laugh
glkli funny, humorous
glkn
ridiculous, funny,
humorous
glle blooming
gllemek to bloom
glmek to laugh
glmjiremek to grin
glmek to laugh (of large
groups)
glaka traditional Turkmen
brooch inlayed with stones
glzar flower bed
gm bol! Get out of here! Be
gone!
gmana doubtful, uncertain,
hardly possible : Olu
geljegi-gelmejegi gmana
= It's uncertain if he'll come
or not
gmmez cupola, dome
gmmrdemek to thunder,
roar
gmpldi gunshot (sound
of a)
gmrk import/export
duty, customs
gmrkhana customs house
gmr-amr etmek to
have a little chat
gmr-yamyr chit-chat
gmrtik unconsidered,
sloppy : gmrtik jogap =
thoughtless answer
gn 1. sun 2. day: gneli
gn = sunny day
gn tertibi agenda
gnasa every other day
gnaa all day, in a day
gnbatar west
gndelik diary
gndiz daytime
gndizine daytime
gndizki daily, daylight
gndogar east, eastern
gne anmak to get
sunburnt
gnebakar sunflower
gne sunshine
gnelemek to sunburn
gneli sunny : Gneli
Trkmenistana ho geldi
iz! = Welcome to sunny
Turkmenistan!
gn fault, crime, sin :

Onu nme gnsi bar? =
What has he done wrong?
gnkr guilty one
gnkrlemek to blame :
Men ony hi zat in
gnkrlmok = I don't
blame him for anything
gnli guilty
gnsiz blameless, innocent
gnin one day
gnorta south, southern
gnortan noon : Ol
gnortan enli atdy =
He slept until noon
gnortanlyk nahar dinner,
lunch
gnsayn daily
gn dogmagy sunrise
gn amagy sunset
gnzin all day : Men
gnzin ilemok = I have
not worked all day
g deaf
gplemek to boast
gprdemek to stamp
gr thick, dense
grlemek to say, speak
grma bolmak to be
captivated, fascinated
grpldemek to crash
grprdi stamping, rumble
grrldemek to roar,
thunder
grr talk, conversation,
discussion
grrde partner in
conversation
grrdemek to converse
grrsiz 1. wordless,
unspoken 2. certain, sure
grsldemek to thump,
beat
grsldi heartbeat
grm-jrm bolmak to
vanish, disappear : Sen
nir grm-jrm boldu
? = Where did you
disappear to?
gw swan
gw guarantee
gwwldemek to buzz,
hum
g
strength, power
g lenmek to strengthen
g li 1. strong 2. capable
gg
ladel
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gjemek to strengthen,
intensify (of weather)
glmek to tie up
(specifically, to tie an
animal's four legs together)
gmemek 1. to entertain,
amuse 2. to detain,
distract, delay
gmenje amusing
gmenmek 1. to be
amused 2. to be detained
gz fall, autumn
gzap torture
gzer ford
gzeran life, existence
gwardin r. guard
gybat gossip
gybatke gossipper
gybatke scandalmonger
gygyrmak to gab, chatter,
whistle, cry out
gygyrymak to shout back
and forth
gyjak Turkmen national
musical instrument, vaguely
resembling a violin
gyjalat reproach
gyjyk tickle : Gyjygym
geler = It tickles me
gyjyklamak to tickle
gyjynmak to irritate
gyk-bak etmek to shout,
make a noise
gykylyk noise, scream
gykylyklamak to make
noise
gyl voice
gylaw edge, blade
gyl yk tiny fishbones
gyldyrgan splinter
gyllyk spit
gylal horse
gyly
saber
gylyk 1. character 2. habit
gymmat expensive
gymmatlamak to raise a
price, prices
gymmatly expensive,
valuable
gymyldamak to budge, stir
gymyldamak to stir
gymyldy flutter, small
movement : apraklary
gymyldysy = fluttering
leaves
gyn scabbard
gynamak to distress, bring

grief to
gynan
regret
gynan ly grieved,
sorrowful
gynanmak to regret
gynansamda unfortunately
gya
shawl, big scarf
gyak little slice, crust (of
bread)
gyyr angry, malicious
gyp-gyzyl reddest
gypjyndyrmak 1. to
overstretch, strain 2. to
frighten away
gypmak to wink
gyr I. steppe II. [y:] gray
(of horses)
gyra border, coast
gyrade the same, exactly
gyraky extreme, outer
gyraw frost
gyrgy hawk, merlin
gyrgyn mass death
gyrgyn ylyk slaughter,
carnage
gyrkmak to slaughter, cut
down
gyrkym y slaughterer
gyrmak I. to kill : A
saklap gyrdarys = We're
dying of hunger II. to
wear down, grate, rub off
gyrmalamak to fill (to the
rim)
gyrman a silt, gratings
gyrmyzy red, pink
gyrty
to clear off, clear up
gyrylmak I. to kill II. to be
straining, bursting
gyrymsy stunted
gyryndy shavings
gyryz Kirghiz
gysa
vice (mechanical
gripping device)
gysby tight
gysga short
gysga a briefly
gysgaltmak to shorten
gysgan
1. miser 2. greedy,
miserly
gysgy
princers, tongs
gysmak to grip, press
gysmyljyramak to press up
against
gyssag urgently
gyssagara haste, hurry
gyssagly urgent, hurried

gyssamak to hurry
gysym handful, clutch
gysymlamak to grab
gysyr barren
gy winter
gyarmak 1. to lean, slant 2.
to diverge
gyarnyksyz unswerving,
steadfast
gyartmak to bend, distort
gylag wintering
gyyk curve
gyyna wintertime
gyt rare
gytalmak to be in short
supply : u gnler bazarda
kir gytalypdyr = These
days carrots are scarce at
the bazaar
gya oblique, slanting
gy ak splinter, shard
gyk sheep dung
gykundy rags, scraps
gymak to cut
gyz [y:] 1. girl 2. daughter
gyzamyk cerebral cortex
gyzarmak to redden
gyzdyrmak 1. to heat : Gn
eri gyzdyrar = The sun
heats the land 2. to
intensify 3. to have a
temperature
gyzgalaly intense
gyzgyn 1. hot 2. intense 3.
temperature : Meni
gyzgynym bar = I have a
temperature
gyzgynlyk intensity, heat
gyzma hot-tempered
gyzmak 1. to heat 2. to be
fascinated with
gyzmalyk heat
gyzykdyrmak to be
interesting to : Ony sport
gyzykdyrardy = Sports
were interesting to him
gyzyklandyrmak to interest
gyzyklanmak to be
interested
gyzykly interesting
gyzykmak to be fervoured,
impassioned
gyzyksiz boring
gyzyl I. red II. gold
gyzyldek anat. esophagus,
gullet
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gyzymak to warm, heat

gyzzyrma malaria
H
habar 1. news 2. mark, note,
item 3. knowledge 4. gram.
predicate
habar etmek to inform
habar tutmak to get news
habar y correspondent
habardar notification,
advice
habarlamak to exchange
news, get news
habarly expert, versed
habarlyk gram. predicate
ha
cross
ha an when
hadys prophecy
hadysa 1. event, occurence
2. phenomenon
hahahalamak to roar with
laughter
hajat need, want
hajathana toilet
hauk lizard
hak I. correct, right II. 1.
right, privilege 2. fee,
wages 3. lot, fate
hak-hukuk right, privilege
haklamak to get even with,
settle accounts
hakly bolmak to be entitled
to
hakyda memory,
rememberance
hakykan reality
hakykat 1. truth 2. reality
hakykatdan really, in truth
hakyky genuine
hakynda about
hal I. 1. health 2. strength,
force, power, might 3.
dialect II. birthmark, mole
hal-ahwal health, situation,
need
halal just, righteous, pure,
godly
halamak to like
halas bolmak to take refuge
halas free
halamak to like (one
another)
halat time, season
halk 1. people, nation 2.

people's, popular, folk 3.
crowd, mob
halk citizens, people
halka 1. loop 2. ring 3.
environment, circle,
company
halkara international
halkylyk nationality
halkyet nationality
halta sack
halwa helva, a Turkish
dessert
haly carpet
haly y carpet maker
halypa teacher, master
halys totally
ham animal skin
hamala as it were, as if, as
though
hammam bath-house
hamyr dough
hamyrmaa leavening,
fermented dough
hamyrtury leavening,
fermented dough
hamyt collar, harness
hamytlamak to collar,
harness
han ruler
hanha there, over there
hantama expectation
hantama ylyk expectation
hany I. where? II. well
now, then
halatmat to open, open
wide
hapa I. 1. dirt, mud 2. trash
II. indecent, obscene
hapalamak to dirty
hapalanmak to get dirty
hapalyk destruction
haplamak to pour over, to
scald
hapysa slovenly, careless
haraba ruins
harajat etmek to spend,
expend, use up
harakteristika r.
characteristic
haram prohibited, forbidden
haramzada rascal, imp
harap spoiled, broken,
depraved
haraplamak to spoil, to
break down
harasat hurricane
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hara help, aid

haraz mill
harby military, war
harby agda martial law
harbyladyrmak to
militarize
har
expense, expenditure
har lamak to spend,
expend, waste
har lamak to waste
harlamak to neglect, disdain
harma-harp literal, verbal
harman flour
harp alphabet letter
harplyk alphabet book,
kindergarten primer
harpyk chaff
hars : hars urmak to
develop, make, evolve
harsal coarse, crude, gross,
rough
harsallyk roughness
haryt good, commodity
harytlar products, goods
has I. very II. peculiar,
specific, characteristic
hasa 1. [has] staff, stick 2.
[hsa] gauze
hasabat account of, report
hasamak to tally up
hasap 1. account, count,
tally 2. inventory,
calculation 3. arithmetic,
mathematics
hasap bermek to give an
account
hasap etmek to take into
account, calculate
hasap y accountant
hasaplamak 1. to count in,
consider 2. to calculate,
compute 3. to rate, value,
estimate
hasaplanmak to be
regarded, considered,
taken into account
hasaplamak to get even
with, to settle accounts
hasrat grief, distress,
trouble, disaster,
misfortune
hassa sick, ill
hassalamak to be ill
hassalyk illness, disease,
sickness
hasyl harvest
hasylly 1. fruitful 2. fertile
hasyr-husur quickly, soon

haal weed
haam adornment,
decoration
haamlamak to adorn,
decorate
hat 1. letter 2. writing 3.
note, slip, letter, memo 4.
handwriting 5. document
hat-habar news
hat-sowat reading and
writing
hatar durmak to stand in
order, stand in file
hatar I 1. row, line, file 2.
order, array 3. in line II.
danger, risk
hatarlamak to be in order
hatarly dangerous
hatda even
hatyra respect, esteem
hatyrdamak to crunch
hatyrjem relaxed, sure,
certain, calm
hawa yes
ha-k etmek 1. to calm,
soothe, reassure 2. to
censure
haa embarassment,
confusion
haal slow, slowly
haal-agallyk etmek to
delay, linger, hesitate
haallamak 1. to weaken,
slacken 2. to deteriorate
haallatmak to slow down,
reduce, delay
haallyk slowness
haasyz shameless,
indecent
haat fence, wall
habat threat, menace
hadamak to do quickly, to
rush
hadatmak to drive, urge,
hurry up
hakylyk cry, outcry, shout
hakyrmak to cry out,
shout, scream
hap used like the English
"Unfortunately...", or "It's a
shame..."
haran galmak to admire
haran suprise,
astonishment
hasy which
hawan animal
hawanat adj. animal

hawanat bagy zoo
haar clamorous,
scandalous
haarlyk scandal
haykmak to be afraid of
hayn traitor
haynlyk treason
hayr 1. benefit, use 2.
profit, gain 3. assistance,
aid, help
hayrlanmak to make use
of, take advantage of
hayrly 1. beneficial,
helpful
hay etmek to request, ask
for
hay request
hazlamak to howl
hazyna 1. treasury 2.
treasure
heder fear, risk, peril
hek 1. lime 2. chalk
hekaa story
hekaat 1. story 2. even,
occurence
hekgermek 1. to let in 2. to
be provoked, be vexed
heklemek to bleach,
whitewash
hele woman, wife
helk bolmak to perish
helk ilik 1. catastrophe 2.
torment, suffering
helklemek to torment,
torture, vex, worry
hellewlemek to loom
hem too, also
hemaat etmek to provide
help
hemaat help, aid
hemie 1. always 2. earlier,
former, first, before
hemielik permanent
hemme all, every
hemmetaraplayn compreh
ensive
hemra 1. fellow traveller 2.
life-long companion
heniz until now, yet, still
he I. tune, melody II. mold
hekirmek to cry out, shout,
scream
helemek to get moldy
hepbik snare, noose
hepde week
hepdelein week-long
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hepdelik 1. weekly 2. per

week
her every, all
hereket etmek to move
hereket movement
herketlendirmek to move
hern 1. as it were 2.
sometimes 3. always
herrelmek to cry out angrily
hersi every
heelle kakmak to exult
het 1. limit, boundary,
border 2. boldness,
courage
hetdenaa excessive
he I. "really?" , "is that
possible?" II. "hey!"
hegenek scrambled eggs
hekel statue
hezel etmek to enjoy
hezel pleasure
hezil interesting,
captivating, pleasing
hezillik amusement,
entertainment, pleasure
hezzet hospitality
hezzet-hormat respect,
esteem
hezzetlemek to show,
provide hospitality
h oh, oh yes
hkim mayor
hkimiet authority,
power, rule, regime
hli 1. long ago 2. not long
ago 3. still, yet, for now
hli-indi endlessly,
without conclusion
hsiet 1. character 2.
property
hsietlendirmek to
characterize, mark
hzir 1. now, at present 2.
ready, prepared
hzirki modern,
contemporary, present
hzirki zaman gram.
present tense
hzirlemek to prepare
hzirlik e for the time
being, meanwhile
hi
nothing
hikirdemek to snicker,
giggle
hikirdi giggle, snicker
hil quality, style
hile 1. cunning, craftiness
hilegr cunning fellow,

dodger
hilegrlik craftiness,
cunning
hili-bir hili 1. homogeneous
2. somwhat
himiki r. chemical
himia r. chemistry
hin hole, burrow
hiildik swing
hiilik swing
hirurg r. surgeon
hirurgik r. surgery
hi I. "really?" , "is that
possible?" II. "hey!"
hojalyk ownership
hojalyk y housekeeper
hojayn host, master
hokga craftiness, cunning
hokke r. hockey
hokurdamak 1. to gurgle 2.
to crunch
hol as such, like that
holha there, over there
holodilnik r. refrigerator
honha there, over there
hokarmak to gape
houldamak to grumble,
growl
hopba bolmak to climb
hopmak to fall in, fall off
hopukmak 1. to gasp, choke
2. to be frightened, scared
of
hopurdatmak to drink
hor ekmek to snore
hor I. 1. thin, scrawny, lean,
skinny 2. poor II. snore,
snore III. r. chorus, choir
horaz cock
horkuldamak 1. to sob 2. to
grunt
horlamak I. to snore, snort
II. 1. to exhaust, use up 2.
to torment
horlanmak 1. to grow thin
2. to organize
horluk ekmek to suffer
horluk pain, torment,
suffering
horlyk ekmek to suffer
hormat honor, esteem,
respect
hormatlamak to esteem,
honor, respect
hormatly honored,
esteemed
hortum trunk
hossar 1. patron, guardian
2. trustee
hossarlyk 1. trusteeship 2.
relationship
hossarlyk etmek to
patronize, protect
ho I. well, good, okay II.
just, favorable III. bye
hoa bunch, cluster
hoal satisfactory
hoallyk satisfaction
hoama pleasant, affable
hoamalyk pleasantness
hobagt happy, fortunate,
lucky
hobo aromatic, fragrant
holamak to take leave of,
say goodbye
holoyk parting
honietli benevolent
howagt joyful, merry
howa ary balloon
howa weather, air
howala airs
howandar 1. relative,
relation 2. patron,
protector
howandarlyk 1. relationship
2. patronage
howatyr fear, apprehension,
anxiety
howay empty, void, vain,
idle
howda pond
howlukdyrmak to hurry
(someone) up
howlukmak to hurry up
howly yard
howlykmak to rush, hurry
howp danger
howpsuzlyk security
howsala alarm, warning,
alert
howsalaly alarming,
disturbing
howtyrlanmak to fear,
beware of
howul-hara 1. hasty,
hurried 2. careless,
negligent
howur heat, fever, ardour
howuz pond, pool
hoz nut
hozanaklamak to turn,
revolve
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h jet obstinate, stubborn

h jetlik stubborness
hdr 1. entertainment,
food, drinks 2. offer,
proposal, suggestion
hdr etmek to treat
hdrlemek 1. to treat,
entertain 2. to offer,
propose, suggest
hkman imperative,
necessary, mandatory
hkmany necessity
hkmany obligatory,
compulsory
hkmnde as
hkm 1. order, command
2. sentence, verdict
hkm srmek to reign
hkm srmeklik reign
hkmet government
hre-ke caress, affection
hre-ke etmek to calm,
soothe, reassure
hrezek scarlet fever
htde gelmek to inquire,
consult
hwes 1. desire (for) 2.
interest, zeal
hwesje willingly, gladly,
with pleasure
hwesjeler amateurs
hweslendirmek 1. to
encourage 2. to arouse
interest in
hweslenmek to become
interested in
hwrtge nest
hwrtgelemek to next
hzir pleasure
hronika r. chronicle
hrustal r. crystal
huda God, Allah
hudaa okunma prayer
hudonik r. artist
hukuk bermek to entitle
hukuk right, perogative
hupbat pain, suffering
hurma date
hususan particular, peculiar
hususy private
husyt greedy, avaracious
husytlyk greed
hu memory
hut I. just, very, exact,
particular II. personal
hutma-hut drawn (game)
huwwalamak to lull
hjm raid, attack

hermek to lull
hmer crowd, concourse
hmrdemek to murmur,
mutter
hnr trade, craft,
occupation
hnrment craftsman, artist
hnrment ilik crafted,
handmade
hnji beads
hrdemek to grumble,
growl
hrdi grumbling, growl
hgr vigilant, watchful,
alert
hgrlik alertness
hwdi lullaby
hwdlemek to lull
hwi zool. eagle owl
ht-garaky total
darkness
hyjuw passion
hyyldamak to rattle,
speak hoarsely
hyklamak to groan, moan
hykyrdamak to chuckle,
giggle
hykyrdy laugh, chuckle,
giggle
hyllalla difficulty, trouble,
embarassment
hyranmak to growl
hyrawa wild
hyrdar hunter, lover of the
wild
hyrra quickly, soon
hyrsyy dilemek to be
annoyed, vexed
hyrsyz evil, malicious,
spiteful, angry
hyrsyzlanmak to be angry,
feel angry
hyru
passion
hyryn-dykyn full, complete,
absolute
hyssyldamak to puff, pant,
sweat
hysyrdamak to endeavor,
strive
hysyrdy troubles, cares /
businesses, commissions
hyy-wuy rumoured
hytyrdamak to crack,
crunch
hyal 1. intention, design,

purpose 2. dream,
daydream
hyallanmak to intend
hyally imaginary,
supposed
hyanat etmek to do evil,
harm
hyanat evil, harm, malice
hyanat y tresspassor
hyanat ylyk tresspassing
hyar cucumber
hyzlamak to buzz, hum
hyzmat 1. service 2. merit
3. employment, duty
hyzmat
dalyk coopertation,
collaboration
hyzmat etmek to serve, host
hyzmat service
hyzmatda partner
hyzmatkr servant
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I
ibermek to send
i
inside, intestine
i agyry diarrhea
i aly spy, traitor
i ege intestine
i eri inside, within, inner
region
i erik insides
i erki insides
i ge me diarrhea
i gi alcoholic drink
i gin very well
i igara envious, evil (adj.)
i igaralyk envy, evil
i inde inside
i inden from inside
i irgi beverage host
i irgilemek to saddle
i irmek to cause to drink
i ki adj. inside
i ki-geim undergarments
i lekli baked meat pie
i lik baked meat pie
i liklik female underwear
i mek I. to drink II. man's
sheepskin coat
i an scorpion
ideal r. ideal
idediji watchful
ideg 1. tending, care 2.
surveillance
ideg-sorag 1. search 2.
investigative, watchful
ideklemek to hold in hand,
rein in
idemek 1. to search for 2. to
inform about
ideologik r. ideological
ideologia r. ideology
idetmek to grow
idea r. idea
idili good, true
idioma r. idiom
idiomatik r. idiomatic
idirdetmek to drive, force
forward, to shovel
igde bot. igde
ige file (tool)
igelemek to file
igen
grumbling
igenje grumbling,
quarrelsome
igenjelik grumbling,
quarrelsome
igenmek to grumble, be
quarrelsome
iglemek 1. to lose weght 2.
to rust
igli thin, skinny
ik spindle
ikatk cuckoo
iki two
iki-eke rarely
ikibir in pairs, by pairs
iki k eye to eye
ikigwnli undecided,
undetermined
ikilen
second time, again
ikilik the number two, a "D"
grade
ikindi early evening
ikindin late afternoon
ikinji derejeli secondary
ikinji second
ikinjilik second place
ikirjinlemek to think upon,
mull over
ikianlayn two-sided
ikizli two-faced
ikiyllyk two-year, for a
two year period
iku ly with two meanings,
double entendre
il people
il-gn people
il-halk people
ilat population
ilatly populous
il i ambassador
il ihana embassy
ilde countryman
ildirgi
1. clothes peg 2.
jewelry worn on the
forehead
ildirmek to hang
ileri 1. to the front 2. the
southeast ileri bolmak=to
heal, get better
ilerik 1. in the front 2. to the
southeast
ilerki forward
ilerlegini 1. in the front 2.
to the southeast
ilerlemek to move forward
ileler people
ilgin
salient, bold,
dazzling
ilik button
ilimek to hook
ilkagam early evening

ilki first, initial
ilkibada from the first,
initially
ilkibada from the start,
initially
ilkidurmu primordial, first
existing
ilkinji initial, primary
ilkinjilik primary
illustrasia r. illustration
illustratiw r. illustrative
ilmek to be fallen
iltemek to hook
iltemek to be hooked
imeik disheveled
imemek 1. to be disheveled
2. tangled hair
imi-sala peaceful, quiet
imisalalyk peace,
tranquility
imperialistik r. imperialistic
imperializm r. imperialism
import r. import
importirlemek r. to import
imtilmek to covet, be
jealous
in e thin
in ekesel type of illness
in elmek to become thin
in eltmek to make thin
in esagt thin (relevant to
people)
indeks r. index
indemek to look for
(someone)
indermek to leap off
indi 1. now 2. next,
following
indiki next
indikile next time
indonezialy r. Indonesian
industrial r. industrial
industrialadyrmak r. to
industrialize
industria r. industry
induk r. turkey
ine here you are
ine-gana calmly
inedrdl fat man
iner male camel
infeksia r. infection
infleksion r. inflection
informasia r. information
informasion r.
information
ini little brother
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inisiatiwa r. initiative
injener r. engineer
injenerlik r. engineering
injik shin
injir fig
inkr etmek to deny
inkubasion r. incubation
inkubasia r. incubation
inkubator r. incubator
inli breadth
inmek to appear suddenly
insiz without breadth
inspeksia r. inspection
inspektor r. inspector
institut r. institute
instruksia r. instruction
instruktor r. instructor
integral r. integral
intelligent r. intelligent
intenasional r. international
internat r. boarding school
interwal r. interval
interwensia r.
intervention
interwu r. interview
intizar bolmak to miss
someone
intonasia r. intonation
inwalid r. invalid
inwentor r. inventor
i most (superlative)
iirdemek to cause trouble
iirdi cause
ikis doubt
ilemek to moan
ilis English
ilis e English language
ie needle
ie needle
iebagjyk safety pin
in very
igildi to be lazy
iildemek to whine
irik dusk
irik garalmak to get dark
ir early
ir-imi vegetable(s)
irden morning
irgin hesitation
irginsiz without hesitation
irgzin early morning dawn
iri fine, small
irinmek to be lazy
iri pus
irilemek to become puslike
irili pus-like
irime hesitation, pause

irizmek to annoy
irki early, earlier
irkilmek to fall asleep
irlandialy Irish
irlemek to make fine, small
irmek to be tired
irnik person who is difficult
to please
isleg boun a at will
isleg desire
islege layk rational
islemek to want
isln any
ispan Spanish
isrip bolmak to spoil (food)
istrebitel terminator,
destroyer
i matter, affair, work
ibil high-heeled shoes
i i worker
ides colleague
id appetite idiz a yk
bolsun=bon appetit
idmen glutton
iek young sheep (2 years
old)
ieir hard-working
iger colleague
igr colleague
iik door
ije lover of work
ijelik love of work
ilemek to work
ileir hardworking
iletmek to make someone
work
ili busy
ilik verb
imek to knit
isiz unemployed
isizlik unemployment
it I. dog II. a push
italan Italian
iteklemek to push
itelemek to push
itermek to push
iteen rash
itigi pushy person
itmek I. to push, shove II.
itniik crush, squash
itnimek to push & shove
idirmek to feed, cause to
eat
iermen glutton
iermenlik gluttony
iilmek to catch hold of
im feed, animal food

imek to eat
imek-i mek food and
drink, to eat and drink
imi fruit
imit food, nourishment
imitlendirmek 1. to feed
2. to nourish
imitlenmek to be fed
imlemek to feed
iul July
iun June
izolirlemek to separate
izolasion r. isolation
izolasia r. isolation
izolator r. isolator
izweenie information
izzildemek to moan, whine,
make a fuss
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J
jabjynmak to snap at, attack
jady magic
jadyg magician, wizard
jadylamak to cast a spell
jahan world
jahyl ignorant, uneducated,
inexperienced
jahyllyk ignorance
jakyrdamak to laugh
jakyrdy laughter
jala downpour, cloudburst,
heavy rain
jalbar pants
jam I. bowl II. capsule
jamal poet. visage,
countenance
jan 1. soul 2. life 3.
individual 4. energy,
vitality 5. dear, dear one
jan etmek to do one's best
jana-jan 1. cherished
janker faithful, devoted
janlandyrmak to refresh,
bring to life
janlanmak to come to life, to
revive
janly 1. alive 2. lively,
active
jansyz 1. lifeless, dead 2. fig.
spy
janykmak to try
janypke industrious,
dedicated, hardworking
janypkelik dedication
ja bell
ja etmek to telephone
jayrdamak to ring
jar I. ravine, gulley II.
information
jarnama appeal, address
ja I. building, dwelling II.
right, correct, in place
jalama burial
jalamak to hide, conceal,
bury
jaladyrmak to house,
make at home
jalamak to be housed
jalaykly comfortable
jaryk crack, split, fissure
jarylmak to crack, split
jatarmak 1. to stick out,

stand out 2. to stand on
end
jatartmak to stand
(something) up
jayrdamak to squeak (of a
shoe)
jayrdy squeak (made by a
shoe)
jazyrdamak to hiss, sputter
jazyrdy hiss, sputtering
jebir compulsion
jebis boarded up, sealed
tightly : gapyny jebis
apmak = to board up a
door
jebislemek to seal tightly,
to consolidate
jebislik unison,
consolidation
jedel argument, debate
jedel etmek to make a bet
jedellemek to argue
jedilli argumentative
jedirdemek to jabber, gab
jem 1. sum, total 2. all
jemagat the public
jemgyet society
jemgyet ilik social
conscience, publicmindedness
jemlemek to sum up
jemleji final
jenaat crime
jenaatcy criminal (noun)
jenaat ylyk attack,
criminal act
jenaatly criminal (adj)
jenaeakr attacker
jenjel noise, scandal,
debauche
jeel jungle, forest,
wilderness
jepa ekmek to suffer, bear
a burden
jepa compulsion, burden
jepake hard-working
jepakelik love of hard
work
jeren "jeren", gazelle-like
animal indigenous to
Turkmenistan
jerime fine, penalty
jerime salmak to fine
jet in disagreement, not on
good terms
jetlemek to quarrel, argue

(with someone)
jetlik disagreement, bad
feelings
jeza 1. punishment, penalty
2. retribution
jeza bermek to punish
jezalandyrmak to punish
jgildemek to wail, cry (of a
baby)
jgildi wailing
jhek edging, border, hem
jhet point of view
jjek 1. shard 2. sequin,
spangle, glitter
jigi younger brother
jiglemek to skip a beat
jikjiki warbler (bird)
jikme-jik in great detail,
minutely
jilt binding, jacket, cover
jiltlemek to bind (a book)
jikermek to stare at : Sen
nme maa jikerip
seredrsi? = Why are
you staring at me?
jir chintz, calico, printed
cotton cloth
jisim 1. matter, mass 2.
body
jogap answer
jogap bermek to answer
jogapkar responsible
jogapkr ilik responsibilit
y
jogapkrli responsible
jogapsyz 1. unanswerable
2. without permission
jojuk piglet
jojuklamak to farrow
jokrama hot, sultry, burning
jomart lavish, liberal
jomartlyk liberalness,
lavishness
jontuk short, bob (of an
animal's tail)
jora friend (female to
female)
jorap socks
jogun flood
jogunly flooded, gushing
jomak 1. to overflow, gush
2. to be enthusiastic (about
something)
joa irrigation ditch
joalmak to irrigate
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jgi phony, fake,

hypocritical (usually of a
person)
jglik hypocrisy
jwenek hail
jwza heat
juda incredibly, extremely
jugurdamak to rumble
jul horse-cloth
juwan youth, young people
juwanlyk youth,
adolescence
jbi pocket
jbt even in number
jlge valley
jmle expression
jmm 1. depth 2. fig.
heart, center
jmldemek to go numb,
tingle (i.e. of a person's
legs)
jmldi tingling, "pins and
needles" (when a limb goes
numb)
jrletmek to whistle
jrlewk n. whistle
jrndik spout (of a teapot)
jgldemek to peep (of
chicks)
jgldy peep, squeak
jje chick
jybar frosty, freezing
jybarlamak to freeze, be
frosty
jyda dmek to get better
jygyldamak to squeak
jygyldy squeak (i.e. of a
mouse)
jyklamak to peep at, spy
upon
jykyrdamak to laugh
jylaw reins
jylawlamak to rein in, hold
back (something)
jyn race, caste
jynsparaz racist
jynsparazlyk racism
jykyny ykarmazlk to
keep quiet, not let a word
slip (about something)
jykytmak to gulp down
jyyrdamak to call, ring
jyyrdatmak to call up,
make a call
jyyrdy ringing, bell, tone
jyzlamak to sizzle
jyzyrdamak to fry, sizzle
jyzzyk crackling, sizzling
anr r. genre
eton r. 1. token 2. medal
iraf r. giraffe
iwopis r. painting
onglor r. juggler
onglorlyk r. juggling
urnal r. journal, magazine
urnalist r. journalist
ori r. jury
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K
kabina r. booth, cubicle
kabinet r. private office;
study
kabul etmek 1. to accept
ka a beautiful, handsome
kada rule
kadaladyrmak to
standardize
kadaly adj. 1. normal 2.
regular
kadr I.r. personnel II.
specialist
kafedra pulpit; rostrum
kagyz paper
kak 1. dried melon
kaka 1. father 2.
uncle(Balkan dialect)
kakaba ill-bred, illmannered
kakamak 1. to become dry
2. to dry; to become dry
kakao r. cocoa
kakatmak to make dry
kaklymak to collide (head
on)
kakma
"kakmach", a special
quick-fried salty meat dish
kakmak 1. to drive in;
hammer in 2. to knock; rap
3. to shake off 4. to shake
5. to clap 6. to pack down
(dirt, sand...)
kakyn fit, attack, seizure
kakynly adj. fitful, like a
seizure
kalendar r. calendar
kaloria r. calorie
kalorialy r. caloric
kamera r. chamber
kampania company
kanagat 1. patience 2.
satisfaction
kanagatlanarlyk satisfaction
kanagatlandyrmak to
satisfy; make someone
content
kanagatlanlarlykly satisfact
ory
kanagatlanlarlyksz unsatisf
actory
kanagatlanmak to be
satisfied
kanagatly consistent
kanal r. canal
kanalizasia r. sewage
system
kandidat r. candidate
kandidatly r. candidate
position
kanikul r. vacation
kanselaria r. office
kanun law
kanunladyrmak to
legalize, legitimize
kanunlylyk legality,
legitimacy
kanunsyz illegal, lawless,
unlawful
kanunsyzlyk lawlessness
kanuny 1. legal, legitimate
2. natural, logical
kanunylyk legality;
legitimacy
kakamak to go for a walk,
to loiter, to drift (from
place to place)
kapas stuffy, close
kapasa 1. cage 2. counter,
shelf
kapitalist r. capitalist
kapitalistik r. capitalistic
kapitalizm r. capitalism
kapitan r. captain
kapyr infidel
kapya rhyme
kapyaladyrmak to
rhyme; to make something
rhyme
kapyalamak to rhyme
(reflexive)
karar I. 1. decision 2.
conclusion II. 1. patience
2. peace of mind
karara gelmek to make up
one's mind
karel adj. Karelian
(nationality)
karikatura r. cartoon
karkas frame, framework
karnawal carnival
karta map
karto ka r. card
karton cardboard
kartoka r. potatoes
karz duty
karzyna indebted to
kasam i mek to vow, take
an oath
kasam oath
kassa r. cashier's office;

cashier's desk
kassir r. cashier
kast 1. revege, vengance 2.
attempted assassination
kag if
katalog catalogue
kategoria category
kater cutter; launch
katok r. skating rink
kau uk rubber
kauta cabin; stateroom
kayl pleased with
kazak 1. Kazahk 2. Cossack
kebap kebob; shish-kebob
kebaphana kebob
restaurant; cafe
kebelek butterfly
kebir n. welding
kebirleli welder
kebze small shovel
ke
1. n. furrow 2.
stubborn, obstinate
ke de embroidery
ke e felt
ke jal stubborn, obstinate
ke je 1. obtuse; stupid 2.
wrong
ke jelik stupidity,
incoherence
ke lik stubborness;
obstinacy
kejebe old Turkmen
gelinalyjy
kejir stubborn, obstinate
keke
comb
kekirdek larynx
kekre wormwood
kel mangy
kel ermek to show off
kelek hornless (without
horns)
kelem cabbage
kelep skein; hank (of
thread)
keleplemek to wind up
kelesa shiftless; good for
nothing
kelesalyk dissoluteness
kellagyry adj. head (attrib.)
kelle 1. head 2. mind
kellebaaak malfunction
kelleki bridle
kellem cabbage
kelpe frivolous; flighty
kelpelik flightiness
kelpeze lizard
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kelte short
keltelmek to be shortened
kelteltmek to shorten
kem 1. defect, flaw 2. adv.
not enough; insufficiently
kem-kemden gradually
kemakyl feeble-minded
kemal : kemala gelmek = to
mature, to become a man
kemally 1. honest, decent 2.
suitable, proper,
appropriate
kembaha : kembaha
garamak = to
underestimate
kem ilik shortage, scarcity
kemelmek to decrease;
diminish; decline
kemeltmek to reduce
kemen e music bow
kemer strap
kemlik shortage; scarcity;
lack
kemmek to reduce
kempir old woman
kemput piece of candy
kemsinmek to be offended
kemsitmek to humiliate
kemsiz irreproachable;
flawless
kemsiz-kstsz flawless
kenar coast
kendir ? plant
kendirik "kendirik", special
table cloth (oilcloth) for
making dough or sifting flour
on
kenep hemp
kengir straining spoon;
skimmer
kentilmek to wearth (of a
rope)
kepderi pigeon; dove
kepek siftings
kepemek to dry; become
dry
kepgir large spoon-ladel to
cook palow
kepil bolmak to guarantee
kepillik guarantee
ker deaf
ker
hunk; chunk
ker emek to chop up
keremara quietly; silently
kerep spiderweb; cobweb
kereplemek to cover oneself
up
kerlik deafness
r. brick
kerpi
kert ledge
kertik cut; incision
kertmek 1. to cut slightly;
make an incision 2. to eat
away 3. to leave
(something)
kerwen caravan
kes any; every
kesdirmek to wound; injure
kese 1. horizontal 2.
someone else's; other
people's 3. side
kesek lump
keseki someone else's; other
people's
keseklemek to throw; toss
kesel 1. illness; disease 2.
sick; ill
keselein horizontally
keselhana hospital
keseligine horizontally
kesellemek to be ill
keselli ill; sick
keser "keser", a special knife
used in carpet-making
kesewi poker (for a fire)
kesgin 1. decisive; forceful;
resolute 2. burning
kesgir sharp
kesgitleme definition
kesgitlemek to define
kesgitli adj. definite
kesgitnama definition
kesir stubborn; obstinate
kesirlik stobborness;
obstinacy
kesimek to cross (each
other), to intersect
kesmek I. 1. to cut 2. to cut
in, interrupt II. scab
kesmeklemek to cover
oneself up
kesp profession
kebi surface
kedelemek to embroider
kedeli embroidered
kelemek to furrow
kelein furrowed
kep 1. face 2. look,
appearance
kete embroidery
kete etmek to embroider
ketek bird-house (i.e.
chicken coop, hen coop,
pigeon loft)
ketje stubborn, obstinate

keigim (informal address
to women) Dear! Sweetie!
keik gazelle
kekermek to behave
oneself dashingly
kekertmek to be alerted
kep 1. general physical
and mental state 2. delight,
pleasure
kep ekmek to revel
kepine just so; simply so
(for no particular reason)
ketik adj. lame
ketiklemek to hobble
kezzap cheat; swindler
kezzaplyk cheating
k 1. that 2. kabir
kbir some
kbiri some; some people;
certain people
kdi squash, pumpkin
kemek to curse out; swear
out
kkelemek to cluck
kkilik partridge
kmahal sometimes
kmil perfect
kmileen perfect
kmilledirmek to
improve; perfect; refine
kmillemek to improve
oneself
kmillik perfection
kmillik ay majority (18
years of age)
kmillik ayna
etmek to reach majority
kn a lot, much
knelmek kpelmek
kr profession
krde colleague
krende rental
krende tlegi rent
krhana undertaking;
venture
kse cup
kselemek to cut
kir carrot
kte sometimes
ktmen hoe
ktmenlemek 1. to chop 2.
to hoe
kwagt sometimes
karym kte
kemek to scold
ki mek to quarrel with
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kin
1. pronunciation 2.
reproach; reproof; rebuke
kinmek to complain
kibirdemek to crunch
ki elmek 1. to decrease,
diminish 2. to shorten
ki eltmek 1. to reduce 2. to
shorten
ki i 1. small 2. underage,
juvenile 3. adj. younger
ki igwnli modest
kikirdemek to giggle
kilim "kilim" small handmade
carpet
kilogram r. kilogram
kilogramlyk r. adj.
kilogram
kilometr r. kilometer
kilt bolt; catch
kiltlemek to bolt; to hook
the catch
kim who?
kimin like
kinaa irony
kinaaly ironic; ironical
kine offense; insult
kineli offended
kino r. film
kinoteatr r. theater (film)
kiosk r. kiosk
kir mud
kire rental
kiri
1. string of a musical
instrument 2. bowstring
kirlemek to get dirty
kirletmek to soil; dirty; stain
kirli dirty, filthy, muddy
kirpi 1. hedgehog 2. fig.
crew-cut
kirpik eyelash
kiren dust
kise pocket
kisel "kisel", a desert made of
fruit, berries, and potato
starch, served with milk
kislorod r. oxygen
kislota r. acid
kide 1. dried apricots 2.
dried fruit
kii person
kimi raisins
kiemek to neigh
kit r. whale
kitap book
kitap a small book
kitaphana library
kitaphon book-lover,
bibliophile
kitapsji book-lover,
bibliophile
kitir tea-pot
kitirdetmek to crunch
kitirdewk crisp
kitw slow to forgive,
harboring resentment
klas r. class (meaning social
class or class group, but not
lesson)
klasda classmate
klassyk classical writer
klassyky classical
kleonka r. oilcloth
klinika r. clinic
klub r. club
klubnika r. strawberries
knopka r. button; push
button
kodeks r. code (of law,
principles)
kofe r. coffee
kofta r. woman's jacket
kokamak to stink
kolbasa r. sausage
kolhoz r. collective farm
kolhoz i r. collective
farmer
kolleksia r. collection
kollektiw r. n. collective,
team, group, body
kolonial r. colonial
kolonka r. water-dispenser,
water-pump
kolonna r. column, pillar
kolonoa r. colony
komanda r. team
komandir r. commander
komandirlik r. position
komandirowka r.
assignment, business-trip
komandowanie r.
command
komanduy i r.
commander
komban r. combine,
harvester
kombinat r. integrated
plant
kombinezon r. overalls
komedia r. comedy
komendant r. commandant
komissar r. commissar
komissia r. commission;
committee; board
komitet r. committe
kommunal r. public;
municipal
kommunist r. communist
kommunizm r.
communism
komonawt r. cosmonaut,
astronaut
kompas r. compass
kompleks r. complex
komplekslein r. adj.
complex, composite
komplekt r. complete (of a
set)
komplektlemek r. to
complete (a set)
kompot r. "kompot", a sweet
drink made of boiled fruit,
water, and sugar
kompozitor r. composer
kompres r. compress
komsomol r. 1. Komsomol,
Communist Youth League
2. Young Communist
konditer r. pastry cook,
pastry chef
konductor r. conductor (on
a train, bus, etc.)
konferensia r. conference
kongres r. congress
konki r. horse
konkret r. adj. concrete,
specific
konkretledirmek r. to
make specific, spell out
konkurs r. competition,
contest
konsert r. concert, recital
konserw r. canned foods,
canned goods
konserwatiw r. adj.
conservative
konserwatoria r.
conservatory (for music)
konstitutsia r.
constitution
konstruksia r.
construction; design
konstuktor r. designer
konsul r. consul
konsulhana r. consulate
konsullyk r. consulate
(consulary position)
konsultasia r.
consultation
kontinental r. continental
kontingent r. contingent
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kontor r. office
kontrol r. control
kontrollyk r. control
kontrolor r. controller
konus r. geom. cone
konweer r. conveyor
kooperatiw r. cooperative
kopia r. copy
korabl r. ship
koridor r. corridor, hall
korpus r. body, trunk, torso
kosekans r. mat. cosecant
kosinus r. mat. cosine
kosmetika r. make-up,
cosmetics
kosmos r. outer space
kospekt r. synopsis; outline;
abstract
kospektirlemek r. to
abstract; make an abstract
of
kostor r. fire
kostum r. suit
kotlet r. chop; cutlet
kowalamak to drive (cattle)
kowalamak to drive
(cattle)
kowalmak to chase, follow
kowgy pursuit; chase
kowmak 1. to drive on
(cattle) 2. to dismiss, fire,
discharge 3. to exile
kowum-garanda relatives
k e street
k ek a little camel
kjemek to lace, to tie
kk 1. root 2. basting
kke cookie, biscut
kklemek I. 1. to baste 2. to
quilt II. to take pleasure in
kl lake
klege shade
klegli shady
kmek n. help
kmek i assistant, helper
kmeklemek to help
kmelek mushroom
kmr coal
kne old
kne-kl old things, junk
kne e as before;
unchanged
kneden adj. since olden
times, since days of yore
knelmek 1. to wear out, be
worn out 2. to wear out all
one's clothes
kneltmek to wear out (i.e.

clothing, machinery)
kp 1. a lot, much, many 2.
often, frequently
kp nokat elipses (...)
kpbur luk geom. polygon
kp lik 1. mass, a lot of, a
heap of 2. social
kp liklein adj. mass
(as in "mass transit")
kpden long ago
kpek male dog, hound
kpelmek to increase; grow
kpeltmek 1. to increase 2.
to multiply
kpgranlyk geom.
polyhedron
kplen
usually, generally,
ordinarily
kplk a great number, a
multitude
kpri bridge
kptaraply multilateral
kpk foam
kprjik foam, bubble
kprjiklemek to froth, to
foam
kr blind
krek unripened cotton bud
kremek to begin to burn
properly
krlk 1. blindness,
darkness 2. dimwit,
dummy
krpe young
krk 1. bellows 2. ash-pit
(of a furnace)
krzehin thick-headed, dimwitted
ksemek to call, summon
ksenmek to test, try out
kssek tripod
ksseklemek to hobble (a
horse)
kst shortage, scarcity, lack
ksk pod
kskli leguminous, beany
kenek to grow still,
become silent, calm down
kk palace
ktel raising, lifting
kw hollow, glen, dell
kw salmak to look; peep
(over, under, behind, etc...)
kwek 1. removal,
extraction 2. cave, cavern
kwlemek to dig
kwmek 1. to dig 2. to
make a hole in 3. to wash
away, erode
kw shoes
kwi shoemaker
kdrmek to let
something be wasted
kmek to burn up, be
burned up
knek 1. shirt (male) 2.
dress (female)
knek e dressmaker
kz live coals, embers
krahmal r. starch
kran r. faucet, spigot, tap
kredit r. credit
krem r. cream
kreml r. Kremlin
kreser r. cruiser
krizis r. crisis
kros r. cross-country race
krowat r. bed
kruok r. small circle, club,
group
kub r. cube
kubok r. goblet
kuhna kitchen
kultiwator r. cultivator
kultiwatsia r. cultivation
kupe r. compartment (on a
train)
kuplet r. verse, stanza
kurort resort
kurs r. course
kursant student
kurtka r. (man's) jacket
kuwwat power, strength,
might
kuwwatlanmak 1. to aquire,
gain 2. to stand
kuwwatly strong, powerful
kuwwatlylyk strength,
power
kuzow r. basket
kde stack
kdelemek to stack
kkemek to be fragrant
kkrek chest
kkrt 1. sulfur 2. match
kl ashes
kl-owram (bolmak) to spit
up
kl-peekun etmek to
break; shatter; smash
kl-uak to spit up
kl e small bread made
from short pastry
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kldan ashtray
kle (of a tail) short
klembibi little finger
klke small; minute
klkelemek to crush; grind
kme hut; shack
km silver
kmlemek to silver;
silver plate
kndk special metallic
pitcher for washing
knjek corner
knji sesame
knnk silver jug for water
krek oar; paddle
kreklemek to row; to
paddle
krk brood hen
krre young/little donkey
krsemek to burst into
krt kurd
kgrmek to sic ( a dog
on)
kt chess
kti chess player
ktek dull; blunt
ktelmek to become dull
kteltmek to blunt; dull
kti thick
ktlik thickness
k n. thought
kkermek to hunch one's
back; be hunched over
kki hunchbacked
ksemek to wish for;
desire
kze pitcher; jug
kzegarlik potter's trade
(craft)
kwadrat r. 1. square (figure)
2. adj. square
kwadratura r. n. squaring
kwalifikasia r.
qualification
kwartal r. quarter; section
(of a city)
kwartira r. apartment
kwas r. "kvass" a fermented
drink made with bread
kwitansia r. receipt
kybap accordance;
conformity
kybapda corresponding
kyn difficult
kyn ylyk difficulty
kynladyrmak to
complicate
kynlamak to become
complicated
kynlyk difficulty
kyrk forty
kyrkynjy fortieth
kyssa 1. prose 2. story 3.
short poem
kyssa y writer
kysym look; appearance
L
la just, will you : Maa
atsayz-la = Just tell me
laborant r. laboratory
worker; assistant
laboratoria r. laboratory
labyr anchor
labyrdamak to blaze; flare
up; glow; burn
labyz 1. melody 2.
melodiousness
la yn falcon
lager r. camp
lagamak to collapse; fall
into pieces
lak atmak 1. to start to
speak 2. to brush against
lak bolmak to conceal; keep
secret
lak r. lacquer
lakam nickname
lakgy talkative
lakgyldamak to chat
laklamak to lacquer
lakyrdamak to seeth; bubble
lakyrdy bubbling, gurgling
lal I. mute II.
lallyk muteness
lampa moment; instant;
twinkling
lampa r. lamp
lampo ka r. lightbulb
landshaft r. landscape
lapyke bolmak 1. to be
dispirited 2. to be
disappointed
lasyrdamak to brew; digest
la I. 1. loam; clay 2. slush;
dirt; mud II. bir la one
complete set
layk appropriate
layk bolmak to conform
layklyk proportion;
accordance
layklyk-da in conformity
with
lebiz promise
legen basin
leji ykmak 1. to become
worn out 2. to become
fatigued
lejikmek to get tired
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lejini ykarmak to wear

out
len bolmak to be
hackneyed; tritel; banal
lenta ribbon
lekewut spider
lerzana gelmek to shudder
letde scrap
lezzet pleasure
lezzetli 1. sweet; pleasing to
taste 2. sweet; delightful
lbik I. slush II. muddy;
troubled; poppy
lle kakmak to sing the
"Lle Jana" (traditional
Turkmen song)
lle poppy
llezar meadow
llezarlyk meadow
llik coddled; effeminate
lliklik effeminateness
lsh 1. corpse; body 2.
carcass
lshermek to wallow
lokga lump; clod
lokgalamak to crumple
loma swda wholesale
loma wholesale
lomalygyna wholesale
lomaylygyna satmak to sell
wholesale
lokuldamak to be afraid of
lopbush chubby; plump
lorsuldamak fire
loterea r. lottery
lowlamak to blaze; flare up
lowurdamak 1. to shine;
glitter 2. to sparkle 3. to
blaze
lowurdawuk brilliant
lowurdy 1. lustre; shine 2.
flame; blaze
ldere grounds;
sediment;thicket
l basmak to do the
boundary strip
l border
lk slush; mud
lstra r. chandelier
luk r. hatch (way)
lybas clothing
lygyrdamak to gurgle
lygyrdy gurgle
lyzha r. ski; skiing
lyzha y r. skier
lyzhaly r. ski...
M
madda 1. matter; substance
2. article
maddy material
madyrdamak to talk; chatter
magallaklamak to appear in
the distance
magaryf enlightenment,
education
magaryf y educator
magazin r. shop
magdan ore
magistral highway,
thoroughfare
maglumat report, message
magnit r. magnet
magnitofon r. tape recorder
magtamak to praise
magtan
praise
magtanmak to brag, to boast
mahal time
mahanika r. mechanics
mahlasy in a word; in short
mahmal plush
mahrum devoid
mahsus characteristic
makala article (of magazine)
maksat aim, purpose
maksatly having a specific
purpose
makul acceptable
makulatura 1. pages spoiled
in printing 2. rubbish
makullamak to approve of
mal cattle, livestock
mal-mlk 1. property 2. fig.
belongings
mala harrow
malalamak to harrow
maldar animal breeder
maldar ylyk livestock
breeding
malie finance
maliele dirmek to
finance
mama 1. pox 2. small pox
mamla right, correct
manat Turkmen (and
Azerbaijanian) currency
mandarin tangerine;
mandarin
maner 1. riding academy;

riding school 2. circus
arena 3. playpen
manowr r. maneuver
many meaning
manyly rich in content;
informative
manysyz 1. having no
meaning; senseless 2.
pointless
maa to me
mala 1. forehead; brow
2. frontal
malaly 1. happy 2. lucky;
fortunate
maral fallow deer
mar al r. marshall
marka r. 1. postage stamp
2. make, model; brand
marksistik r. marxist
marksizm r. marxism
marksizm-leninizm r.
marxism-leninism
marmelad r. fruit jellies;
candy
mart r. March
mas tab scale (of a map)
masgara shameful
masgarabaz jester
masgaralamak to disgrace
masgar ylyk shame,
disgrace
maska r. 1. mask 2. guise
maskarad r. masquerade
maslahat 1. advice, council
2. conference
maslahat y adviser
maslahatla mak to consult;
seek advice
maslahatla ylyk coordinate
d, concerted
maslahatlamak to confer
maslyk dead body, corpse,
cadaver
massa r. mass
massa r. massage
magala family (can be used
to refer to wife, wife and
husband, or entire family)
magala family, wife,
household
magalaly adj. family
mainist r. machinist,
mechanic
mainistka r. 1. (woman)
mechanic 2. typist
mainka r. machine
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mak exercise
maarmak to become flat;
flatten out
maartmak to flatten
mayn 1. machine 2.
automobile
mata cloth; fabric
matal riddle; puzzle
matematika r. mathematics
matematiki r. mathematical
material r. material
materialistik r. materialistic
materializm r. materialism
materik continent; mainland
materia r. 1. matter 2.
material, fabric
matros r. sailor, seaman
mawlamak to meow
mawut smooth woolen cloth
mawy 1. light/sky blue
2.pink
mawzole r. mausoleum
ma 1. May 2. moment;
instant
maa 1. camel 2. leaven,
ferment 3. n. fund
mada small; minute
madal 1. moderate 2.
temperate
madalamak to crush;
grind
maka r. t-shirt
malamak to become
warm; warm up
mamyn monkey; ape
maor r. major
marylmak 1. to strain
oneself 2. to crack up;
break down
masa 1. field of grain 2.
field of endeavor
may gak 1. flexible 2.
supple
may gaklyk flexibility
mayl warm
mayllyk warm weather
mayp disabled person,
invalid
mayplyk disability
mayrmak 1. to blow up 2.
to subvert
maza pleasure
mazaly 1. calmly 2. pleasant
mazar grave
mazar ylyk cemetery
mazmun maintenance;
upkeep
mazmuny content
me used as English: "take it!",
"here!"
mebel furniture
me ew bermek 1. to sic (a
dog on somebody,
something) 2. coll. to set
people against each other
medal r. medal
medeni cultural
medeniet cultural, culture
medenieti culture
medenietli cultural
medisina r. medicine (the
science of)
meger used as English: "it
can be"
mehanik r. mechanic
mehanizasia r.
mechanization
mehanizator r. specialist in
mechanization
mehanizm r. mechanism
mehanizmle dirmek r. to
mechanize
mejal powers, strength
mejbur etmek to enforce
mejbur forced
mejbury compulsory
mejlis conference
mekan 1. inhabited area,
place where people live 2.
edge; rim, brim
mekdep school
mekgejwen corn
mekir sly, crafty
mekirlik cunning, guile
mel r. chalk
mele 1. pale; yellow, straw
colored 2. beige
melhem panacea
mellek yard; piece of land
for individual use
men I; me
men-menlik conceit
menek spot, stain; blemish
meni e used as English: "In
my opinion..."; "I think..."
menu r. menu
menzil distance
meze
similar
meze lik similarity,
likeness, resemblance
mezemek to resemble, to
look like
meze similar, resemblance
mezetme comparison
mezetmet to liken
merdana bravely,
courageously
merdiwan 1. stairs; stairway
2. ladder
mergen exceptional hunter;
marksman
mergenlik accuracy,
marksmanship
mergi cholera
merhum the deceased
meridian r. meridian
merkele dirmek to
centralize
merkez center
merkezi central
mermer adj. marble
mert 1. brave, courageous 2.
manly
mertebe 1. dignity 2. merit;
virtue
mertler e bravely,
courageously
mertlik courage
mes 1. gay, merry, cheerful
2. prosperous, affluent 3.
well fed, fat, plump 4.
fertile
mese-mlim obviously
mesele task
meselem for example
mesge butter
mesgen dwelling, abode;
living quarters
mesi boots (Turkmen
traditional)
meslik 1. gaiety,
cheerfulness 2. prosperity,
affluence
megul busy; occupied
megullanmak to be
occupied (with); to be
engaged (in)
mehur celebrated; famous
mehurlyk fame
metal r. metal
metallurgia r. metallurgy
metbugat 1. seal; stamp 2.
the press, news media
metjit mosque
metod r. method
metodik r. methodical
metodika r. methods
metodist r. methodist (one
who is skilled in
methodologies)
metr r. meter
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metro r. subway
metropoliten r. subway
medan 1. field 2. clearing
(in the woods)
medan a ground, site;
area
meil 1. interest 2. wish
meillenmek to wish for,
desire
meit dead body, corpse,
cadaver
meletin voluntary
meletin i volunteer
mde stomach
mhelle n. crowd
mhir love
mhirli adj. nice; pleasant;
warm
mhirsiz unpleasant,
disagreeable
mhnet huge, enormous;
tremendous
mhri compassion
mhriban dear
mkm strong, durable
mkmlemek to
strengthen, reinforce
mkian hen
mlemek to bleat
mlim known, definite
mmii orange
mreke n. crowd
m a little green pea-like bean
used to make soup
me cock, hammer (of a
firearm)
mt bolmak to need
mt
needy
mt lik need (implies dire
need)
mz gland
mikrob r. microbe; germ
mikrofon r. microphone
mikroscop r. microscope
milisioner r. policeman
milisia r. the police,
militia
millet nation, nationality
milli national
milliard r. billion (in
American English),
milliard (British English)
millimetr r. millimeter
million r. million
milt dare
milt etmek to dare
mineral r. mineral
ministr r. minister
ministrlik r. ministry
minnetdar grateful,
appreciative
minnetdarlyk gratitude,
appreciation
minomot r. mortar
minus r. 1. minus sign 2.
subzero, below zero (of
temperature)
minut r. minute
minutlyk r. 1. adj. minute
2. momentary
miras 1. inheritance 2.
heritage
miras almak to inherit
miras y successor
mis copper
misli like; just as
missia r. mission
(assignment)
miting r. mass meeting,
rally
miwe fruit
miwe ilik fruit growing (as
an agricultural practice)
miwelemek to bear fruit
miweli adj. fruit, fruity
miesser to have occasion
(to)
mizemez unshakable,
unwaivering, steadfast
mobilizasia r.
mobilization
mobilizlemek r. to mobilize
moda r. fashion, style
model r. model
molamak to moo; bellow
moldowan Moldovan
molekula molecule
molekular molecular
molla mullah
mon a bolmak to be glad,
happy; to rejoice
mongol Mongol
monjugatdy Turkmen
national game for girls only
played during the Muslim
New Year
monjuk 1. beads 2. necklace
monta r. assembly;
installation
montor r. fitter
monument r. monument
monumental r.
monumental
moral r. morals; morality
mordwin r. Mordrin (an

ethnicity of Central Europe
and Russia)
morony r. ice-cream
motor r. motor, engine
motosikl r. motorcyle
momuldamak to waddle
m ber volume
mhlet 1. term of office 2.
period of time; in a short
time
mhletli urgent; pressing
mhm 1. important 2.
necessary, essential
mjek 1. insect, bug 2. wolf
mlerilmek to glare, to stare
mlertmek to stare wideeyed
mn naive
mrmek to roar
mr-mjek insects
mw almak to spread
terror; to rage; to wreak
havoc
mwkemek to rage
mwrit time
mwsm season
m spider
mu akgat difficulty
mu dak admirer, devotee
mugallym teacher
mugallyma teacher (female)
mugt free (of charge)
mukaddes sacred, holy
mukam melody
mukdar quantity; amount;
number
mum wax
mundan ago, before
murt moustache
murtly moustached, with a
big moustache
musulman Moslem, Muslim
muze r. museum
mbrek congratulation
m deri client; customer
m gil difficult, hard
mdir manager (of), head
(of)
mmkin 1. possible 2. used
as the english "may" or
"can": ilim ekmek
mmkinmi? = Can I
smoke? Is it permissible to
smoke?
mmkin ilik etmek to
enable
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mmkin ilik possibility,

chance
mmkingadar as far as
possible
mnmek 1. to mount,
board, get on 2. to ascend
m thousand
mkldemek to tremble,
shiver, shake
mkr insecure, selfdoubting
mkrlenmek to doubt, to
have doubts
mkrlik n. doubt
mr k wrinkled
mrepbe n. jam (as in jelly)
mrrelmek to become
wrinkled
mrrk wrinkled
mn consciousness
mnli guilty, at fault, to
blame
mnrgemek to feel
uneasy, self-couscious,
awkward
mzzermek to turn sour
my mak 1. to miss, fly
past(a target) 2. to race,
speed along
mydama always
mydamalayn forever, for
good
mydar 1. strength 2. life
myh nail (metal)
myhman 1. guest 2.
foreigner
myhmanhana 1. hotel 2.
guest room; receiving room
myhmanser hospitable
myhmanserlik hospitalit
y
myjabat n. slander, libel
myjjarmak to become soft,
flabby
myjjyk soaked
mylakat friendliness,
affability
mylakatly open-hearted;
amiable, affable
mylaym 1. warm 2.
pleasant, nice 3. polyester;
rayon
mylaymlyk pleasantness
mylkarmak to become
overripe
mynasybetli 1. devoted to
2. dedicated (i.e. a book
dedicated to someone)
mynasyp bolmak to deserve
mynasyp worthy (of),
deserving (of)
myn gamak to knead;
work (i.e. clay, leather)
mynjyramak to break into
pieces, shatter
mynjyratmak to smash,
shatter
myrat wish; desire
myrtar bad, poor
mysal example
mysal in for example
mysala appearance; exterior
myssarmak 1.to lower, let
down 2. to wilt; wither
myssyk 1. faded or withered
2. soft; mild; gentle
my-my rumors, talk
N
na emphatic suffix
nabat sweet
na alinik r. chief; head,
boss
nadan ignorant
nadanlyk ignorance
nadara scandalous
nadaralyk scandal
nadyl offended
nadyllyk offence; insult
nagt available, on hand
nagy 1. n. ornamental
design; decorative pattern
2. adj. intricate
nagy ekmek to
embroider
nagylamak 1. to decorate;
embellish; adorn 2. to
embroider
nah adj. cotton
nahal seedling, sapling
nahar 1. meal 2. food
naharhana 1. cafeteria,
dining hall 2. dining room
naharlamak 1. to feed 2. to
nurse, suckle
nakyl proverb
nal horseshoe
nala 1. n. groan, moan 2.
complaint
nala
1. forced, under
duress 2. unintentionally,
unwillingly
nalajedein clumsy, inept
nalamak 1. to forge 2. to
stuff, fill, cram
nalamak 1. to groan; moan
2. to complain (about) 3. to
lament
naly complaint
nalyly plaintive, mournful
namart coward, cowardly
namartlamak to be a
coward; be afraid; get cold
feet
namartlyk cowardice
namaz prayer
namys 1. self-worth;
conscience 2. shame; sense
of shame
namysja dignity
nan bread
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nar pomegranite
narpyz mint
narpyzly adj. mint, minty
narad 1. order; warrant 2.
duty
nas green powder used like
chewing tobacco
nasos n. pump
naturalist r. naturalist
naw log
na a ovary
na alamak to form
naynjar 1. pitiful, pathetic
2. plaintive, mournful
naynsap unscrupulous;
unconscionable
naza bayonet
nazalamak to prick; stab
nazar look, glance; view,
sight
nazarkerde adj.
representative
ne negative particle
nebere relatives
nebis profit; advantage;
gain
nebisje adj. mercenary
nebisjelik self-interest;
mercantilism
nebit 1. oil, petroleum 2.
kerosene
nebit i oil worker
nebitli adj. containing oil
nebsewr adj. mercenary
nebsewrlik self-interest;
mercantilism
negr r. dark-skinned person
nejat going out; coming out;
emergence
nejis 1. adj. foul, nasty 2. n.
scoundrel
nem 1. moisture 2. mucus
nemes German
nemjiremek to be covered
with mist
nemlenmek to be
dampened
nemli 1. humid; moist;
damp 2. slimy
nene which? what?
nenesi which? what?
nepis elegant; graceful
nepislik elegance; grace
nerw r. nerve
nesibe fate, destiny
nesihat precept
nesil 1. generation 2.
descendants, posterity
nese duty
neir ediji publisher
neir etmek to publish
neir issuance,
promulgation
neirat publishing house
neirat y publisher
netije 1. result 2. conclusion
netijede consequently
netijeli effective; successful
netijelilik effectiveness
netijesiz ineffective;
unsuccessful
nbelet unfamiliar,
unknown
nbelet ilik unfamiliarity
nbeletlik unfamiliarity
nbelli unknown
nbilein unable to be
known, unknowable
n e how much?
n elik of what number?
n enji which? what
number?
nden how much?
ndogry wrong, incorrect
ngile dissatisfied;
discontented; displeased
ngilelik dissatifaction;
discontent; displeasure
nhak vain, futile
nhili 1. how? 2. what
kind? what sort?
nho unhealthy, not well
nholamak to become ill
nholyk illness
nlayk unworthy
nlet curse; damnation,
perdition
nletlemek to curse, to
damn
nme in why
nme what?
nmede bolsa bir
zat anything
nmlim unknown
nrazy dissatisfied
nrazy ylyk wail, scream,
outcry
nrazylyk dissatisfaction
nsag bolmak to be ill
nsag unhealthy, ill, sick
nsaglamak to become ill
nsaglyk illness
ntany unknown
ntanylyk ignorance
ntmek what to do?
ntsli 1. how? 2. what
kind? what sort?
nwagt when
nz 1. coquetry; flirting 2.
whim; caprice
nzenin beautiful women; a
beauty
nzik 1. tender; gentle;
delicate 2. thin
nzirgemek 1. to flirt 2. to
be capricious
nzli coquettish; flirtatious
nika marriage
nikalamak to marry
nil trunk (of a tree)
nire where? what place?
nirede where
niet intention
nietlemek to mean;
intend; design (for)
nobat n. queue, turn-taking
nobat tutmak to queue up
nobat y adj. on duty
nobat ylyk n. duty
nobatdaky next; immediate
at hand
nobatky next; immediate at
hand
noga Nogai (ethnicity of
the Caucuses)
nogsan ?
nogta halter (for a horse)
nogtalamak to bridle a
horse
nohut peas
nokat 1. dot 2. peroid
(punctuation)
nokatma-nokat exactly
nol r. zero; naught
nomer r. number
nomerlemek r. to number
norma r. norm; standard
normal r. normal
nosilik r. porter
nota r. note (musical); note
(diplomatic)
notarius r. notary
notorial r. adj. notary
(attribute)
noabr r. November
noba kidney beans
nukdanazar point of view
nur ray; beam
nurana good looking;
handsome
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nurbat screw
nusga 1. sample; specimen
2. copy 3. example
nyglamak to underline
nygtamak to emphasize
nyrh price, fee
nyrhlamak to appraise;
evaluate; assess
nysan almak to take aim
nysan symbol/aim
nyan 1. mark, sign 2. sign
3. badge
nyana target; mark
nyanalamak to take aim
nyzam 1. formation 2.
marching
O
oba hojalygy agriculture
oba village
oba ylyk territory where
there are villages
obada people from the
same village
obaly persons from village
(attrib.)
oblast province
obraz hero (fictional)
oburmak to erode
oburylmak to be eroded
obekt r. 1. object 2.
building site
obektiw r. objective;
unbiased
o erk essay; sketch
o ko point (in a game)
odekolon r. cologne
odeal r. blanket
odun wood
ofiser r. officer
ofiserlik officer's mess
ofisian r. waiter
oglan boy
oglan-u ak little children
oglanlyk childhood
ogramak to thieve
ogrulyk theft
ogry thief
ogryn secret
ogryn a imperceptibly;
insensibly
ogamak to kiss
ogamak to kiss eachother
ogul son; boy
ogul-gyz boys and girls
ogulhajat ring finger
ogullyk adopted child
ogurlamak to steal
ogurlyk theft
ogua to be found (to be);
to turn out (to be)
ojak 1. hearth 2. center; seat
(of war)
ojar haloxylon
ok 1. arrow 2. axis
ok-dari ammunition
okamak to read, study
okatmak to teach
okdurylmak to dash; dart
okean r. ocean
okgunly rapidly; swiftly;

promptly
okkupasia r. occupation
okkupirlemek to occupy
oklamak 1. to toss 2. to load;
charge
oklaw rolling pin
oklukirpi porcupine
oktabr October
okudyjy teacher
okuma whitlow
okuw studies
okuw y pupil
okuwly educated
okyjy person who reads at
the library
ol she, he, it
olar they
olimpiada r. olympiad
olja trophies; spoils (of war)
olluk possessive
olrug region
olta sole of a shoe
olum ford; passage; crossing
omurmak to break
omuz shoulder
omzamak to emphasize; to
stress
on ten
on akly not very
onda then; so
ondan hem baga in
addition to; besides
ongunlyk ten days
onluk ten (noun)
onso so then
onunjy tenth
onyllyk ten years
onyan a while; for the time
being
o success
oarmak to cope; deal;
manage
oat good
oatlandyrmak to make
something better
oatlamak to become better
oaly favorable;
propitious
oasyz unfavorable; not
propitious
olamak to agree
oluk well-being; prosperity
oly good
omak to be satisfied
out conditions
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ouk peace
oukly peaceful
ouksyz not peaceful
ouksyzluk unrest
ourga spine
oumak to be compatible
opera r. opera
operasia r. operation
opmak broken (used for
large things)
opurmak to destroy
opurylmak to be destroyed
opurylyyk disruption;
frustration
orak sickle
orak y sickler
oramak cover
orbita r. orbit
orbital r. orbital
orden order; decoration
ordenli decorated person
orfografik r. orthographic
orfografia r. orthography;
spelling
organ r, organ (biol.)
organik r. organic
organizm r. organism
orkestr r. orchestra
ormak to reap
ornadyrmak to inculcate
ornamak to work out; to
settle down; to get fixed up
ornaykly comfortably
ors Russian
ors a Russian language
orset Russia
orta center; middle
orta al average
ortak participle
ortaky middle (adj.)
ortanjy middle (adj.)
orun place
orunbasar deputy
orunbasary understudy
orunly local
osetin nationality
oslagsyz unexpected
oslamak to expect
osmak to suppose
ot 1. grass 2. fire
ot- p twigs
ot- im feed
otag room
otamak to destroy (crops)
otarmak to feed grass (to
cows etc.)
otctawka r. dismissal
otkrytka r. postcard
otlamak 1. to eat grass 2. to
burn
otli nik r. person at the top
otli no r. excellent
otlu p match
otluk grassy area
otly train
otnositel relative
otnoenie r. attitudes
otrisatel negative
otrad detachment
otur comma
oturgy
chair
oturmak sit
oturtmak to plant
oturylyyk meeting; party
oturymly local
otuz thirty
otuzynjy thirtieth
owadan beautiful
owadanlamak to make
beautiful
owadanlanmak to be
beautified
owadanlyk beauty
owarra "go away!" "go far!"
owarram "to hell with it!"
owaz sound
owaza 1. absolute pitch 2.
rumour; hearsay
owazlanmak to be heard
owgan of Afghanistan
owkalamak to massage; to
work up
owlak baby goat
owlaklamak to give birth to
a goat
owmak to crumble
ownamak to become small
ownatmak 1. to make smal
2. to change money ( to
break a bill)
ownuk little ; small
ownuk yl petty; trifling
owranmak to crumble
owratmak to make
something crumble
owu
a handful
owuntyk crumb
owurt gulp
o idea; thought
o-pikir serious ideas; deep
thoughts
oa awake
oaly-ukuly half asleep;
dozing
oanmak to wake up
oarmak to awaken; call
okamak 1. to rub 2. to
grate; grind
okanjyramak to fidget
okanmak to rub oneself
olamak to suppose
olamazdan at random
olanma consideration
olanmak to reason; debate
olanyykly well thought
out; considered
olanyyksyz not well
thought out
olap tapmak to invent
olap tapyjy inventor
olyk oasis
omak 1. thimble 2. v. to
hollow; chisel; gouge
onamak to play
onatgy laughing stock;
butt of a joke
onawa
toy
otak naturally formed
bakja
oun game
oun y player
ounjak toy
ozal before
ozaldan a long time in the
past; from time
immemorial
ozallar a long time ago
ozalynda at the very
beginning
ozmak to overtake
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vengeance
en extinct
gn matted, dull
mek to extinguish
gsi matt, dull
rmek to put out, to turn
down (a fire or light)
rmek to switch off
dek oesophagus; gullet
demek to vindicate
ermek to marry a man to
someone else
gemek to vomit
jkdirmek to stir up
against
jkmek to become furious;
to get mad
kde able; skillful
kdelemek to be able;
capable
kje heel
kn
regret; sorrow
knmek to pity; to regret
kz bull
l wet
l eg size, measure
l emek to measure
l ei measurement
ldrmek to kill
li dead
lin a until one dies; all
one's life
ljermek to become wet
llemek to wet
lmek to die
lmez-itmez immortal;
timeless
lermek to cogitate, think
hard about something
lk slaughter, butchery
lm death
lm derejesi death rate
lm-itim deaths
mr life
mrlik lifelong, for life
ndrijilik productivity,
output
ndrmek to produce
nmek 1. to be born 2. to
grow up, mature 3. to
produce
nm product
nmcilik production
np-smek to grow up
1. in the past 2. in the
front
1. ago, past 2. front
delik first place
den from many years ago,
from time immemorial
in earlier, before
ki previous, former
klik previous situation
il year before last
in day before yesterday
nde in front of
rdiklemek to gallop
rti before, at first
rtmek to be the first, to
leave behind
syra before
pmek to kiss
p mek to kiss each other
p kiss
r to get up
rdek duck
rn very
rgn eruption, rash
rgnli typhys, spotted
fever
ri pasture
rk leash
rklemek to tie, to leash, to
fasten
rk
hump
rmek 1. to knit 2. to braid
3. to break out (in a rash)
rtmek to cover
rzmek to wake someone
up
sdrmek to grow, cultivate
sgn long
smek to grow, develop
ssrim fourteen
smlik n. plant
s growth, development
t bile, gall
te very
teg i passerby
telge passage
telgesi mountain passage
ten last
tgr sharp
tmek 1. to cross, to go
through 2. to burn
tri therefore, that's why
tunmenk to apologize
tn
apology
tn soramak toapologize
trmek to put through a

hole, to thread
we
a lamb two years of
age
welmek to gape
we step- (mother, father),
adopted
wez compensation
wgi praise
wgn praise
wla cemetery
wmek to compliment;
praise
wre 1. times 2. round
wrendekli 1. habit 2.
chronic
wrenidirmek to
familiarize
wrenimek to get used to;
become accustomed
wrenje novice; amateur
wrenmek to learn
wretmek to teach, instruct
wrlip in the future; from
now on; henceforth
wrliik overturn;
revolution
wrlmek 1. turn oneself
over 2. to return
wrm n. turn
wn wgin
wl graveyard
wnje braggard
wnjelik boasting
wnmek to boast; brag
wrmek to turn something
wsgin breeze
wsmek to blow
wgin brilliance; shine
wt-nesihat advisors
hojalyk y homemaker
house; home
-iik family house
jk nest
ke offence; injury
ke-kine injuries; offences
kelek touchy; sensitive
kelemek to be offended;
take offence
keli offended; hurt
ken lung
knmek to imitate, to
mimic
le afternoon
le/ln afternoon
lendirmek to marry a
man to someone else
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lenmek to get married

(for a man only)
ln afternoon
tmek to suppose, to think
z himself; herself
z kelle self-centered
z-znden to occur without
help
zara between two people,
mutual
zbadak independent
zbadaklyk independence,
self-rule
zbaya wilfullness
zbek Uzbek
zboluly original;
distinctive; peculiar
zelenmek to pray; plead;
beg
zen- nucleus; core
zge another
zgeri change; something
new
zgerilik changes;
alterations
zgermek to be altered or
changed
zgertmek to alter; change ;
vary
zledirmek to cope;
assimilate; master
zluk gram. passive
zmek to repay a debt
zm myself
zni alyp bary behavior,
conduct
ze ekmek to attract
P
pa ak peel, rind
pagta cotton
pahna wedge
pahyr wretch
pajalamak to prosper, thrive
pak empty
paket r. packet
pakgar ak blister, bump
pakgarmak to swell
pakyrdamak to laugh
loudly
pal yawn
palak rotten
palan r. horsecloth
palas r. thin rug
palata r. chamber (of
Parliment)
palatka r. tent
pal yk mud, clay
pal ykyldamak to make
muddy
pallamak to yawn
palta axe
paltalamak to chop with an
axe
palto r. overcoat
pamyk absorbant cotton
panorama r. panorama
pansion r. pension
panys torch, flashlight
pakelle fool
palamak to brag
papak cap
papiros r. Russian cigarette
papka r. folder
para bribe
parahat peace
parahat ylyk peace
parahatlanmak to make
peaceful
parahatlyk peace
parahor briber
paramak 1. to reveal oneself
2. to crack
parasat wisdom
par a scrap
par alamak to scrap
parh difference
parhlandyrmak to
differentiate
parhly bolmak to
distinguish
parhly distinctive
parhsyz indifferent
park r. park
parkyldamak to plumpen,
fatten
parkyldy fattened
parlak sunshine, radiance
parlamak to radiate
parran throughout, through
and through
parta r. desk
partisan r. partisan
partia r. party (political)
partladyjy fuse
partlama explosion
partlamak to explode
pasport r. passport
passiw r. passive
pasyl season
pasyrdamak 1. to soar 2. to
wave
pasyrdyr fluctuation
pa exposure
pamak 1. to realize 2. anat.
sole (of foot)
pata blessing
patlamak to hit, strike
patrak fried corn
patydyr stamping
patya kind
pa r. portion
paa r. by portions
paawlamak to finish
pa y shareholder
padyrmak to trample
pahas wisdom
pahasly wise
palamak to divide
palanmak to be divided
palasmak to divide
patagt capital
pay abusive
paza ploughshare
pazyl feathers, lashes
pe etmek to bake
pe at r. seal, stamp
pe atlamak to seal, stamp
pe ek zool. field loach (fish)
pe ene r. cookies
pedal r. pedal
pedelemek to package
pekge dunce, dolt
pel border
pel ekmek to demarcate
pelle finish
pellehana finish
pelte wick
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peltek mispronunciation
pelteklemek to
mispronounce
pena covering, defense
penalamak to defend,
shelter
penalanmak to defend
oneself
penje 1. tassle 2. paw
penjek coat, jacket
penjelemek 1. to snatch 2.
to fight, scuffle
penjire window
pensia r. pension
penenbe Wednesday
pent 1. lecture 2.
admonition
per feather
perbasyz indifferent
perde 1. curtain 2.
membrane 3. action,
activity
peresadka r.
transplantation
perewod r. translation
perhalyk indifference
perik spinning wheel
perian bolmak to be upset
peride angel
perizat beautiful woman
pero r. feather
perron r. platform
pers-ala shot up, wounded
personah r. personage
personal r. personal
perspektiv r. perspective
pert firm
pes 1. short, low 2.
undistinguished
peseletmek to decrease
peseltme reduction
peseltmek to reduce
pesinden a little at a time
peslemek to decrease
peslik n. decrease
pessalamak to land an
airplane
peehorda sore, ulcer
pee gift
peew urine
pet 1. bravery 2. starch
petde pack, small stack
pete-pet face to face
petek anat. inner sole
peteke crop
pete etmek to be tired, fed
up with
petilemek to lock
petir r. unleavened bread
peti stuffy, sultry
petilik stuffiness
petle r. loop, stitch
petlemek to stitch up
petretmek to stare
pea r. landscape
peda bolmak to emerge
peda n. use
pedalanmak to make
oneself useful
pedaly useful
pedasyz useless
penir cheese
pewagtna 1. in one's way
2. idle, aimless
pewent etmek 1. to
inoculate 2. to graft
pendeki "paendeky", a
winter melon
phim reason
phimli reasonable
pk pure, clean, clear
pki razor
pkize clean
pkizelik cleanliness
pklik honesty
pl intention
plwan fighter, hero
psgel bermek to bother
psgel ilik obstacles
pianino r. piano
pianist r. pianist
pida sacrifice
pide haydust
pijama r. pajamas
pikerde like-minded
pikir 1. thought, idea,
opinion 2. intention,
purpose
pikir etmek to think
pikirlenmek to think
pil I. elephant II. shovel
pil e shoulder blade
pile cocoon
pilot r. pilot
pilotka r. female pilot
pionir r. pioneer
pionirlyk r. pioneer days
pirim trick, strategem,
artifice
pirog r. cake
pirony r. little cakes
pis 1. bad 2. suffering
pisint oturmak to like
pislemek to go bad
pisse pistachio
pistolet r. pistol
piek crutch
piik cat
pime r. fried bread
piti pot
pitiki n. crack
pitikilemek 1. to click one's
tongue 2. to snap one's
fingers
pitirdemek 1. to vomit 2. to
crawl away
pitne mutiny, rebellion
pitnesi rebel
piwa r. beer
plakat r. poster, placard
plan r. plan
planadyrmak r. to plan
planeta r. planet
planetara r. between
planets
planly r. planned
planlyk r. planning
plastilin r. plasticine
plastinka r. vinyl record
pla r. raincoat
platforma r. platform
pleonka r. film, roll of
film
plita r. 1. slab 2. stove,
range
plomwa r. filling (for a
tooth)
plomwalamak r. to seal, fill
in
plug r. plow
pla r. beach
plus r. plus
po erk r. hand-writing
po ta mail, post
po talon r. mailman
podo r. anat. sole
podpole r. n. underground
podpole ny r. adj.
underground
podrazdelenie r.
subdivision
podwal r. cellar, basement
podezd r. 1. driveway,
entrance 2. porch
poema r. poem
poeztik r. poetic
pogon r. shoulder strap
pokryka r. cover, lid
pol r. 1. floor 2. half 3. sex
polahitel r. affirmative
polat steel
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poliklinika r. polyclinic
politeknika r. polytechnic
polk r. 1. regiment 2. shelf
polkownik r. colonel
pollamak 1. to lay, spread
2. to pave
polotenste r. towel
polotno r. linen
polak r. Pole
polar r. polar
polus r. pole, terminal
pomidor r. tomato
popular r. popular
poroak r. powder
porsy stench, stink
porsyn r. bed sheet
poren r. portion
port 1. brittle, frail, fragile 2.
r. port
portfel r. briefcase
portret r. portrait
portsia r. portion
portugal r. Portugal
pos rust
posly rusty
possun fur (coat)
post r. 1. post 2. fast
(religious)
posulka r. parcel
posolok r. settlement
potolok r. ceiling
potrat ylyk contract
potratlayn piece (of work)
powest r. story
powestka r. summons
pozitsia r. position
pkgi 1. ball 2. chubby,
plump
pkremek to swell
pkretmek to inflate
praktika r. practice
predmet r. object
premera r. premier
prentsip r. principle
preparat r. preparation
pres-konferentisia r.
press conference
preslemek to press
prezent child, baby
prezi queen (in chess)
prezident r. president
prezidium r. presidium
printsipal r. of principle
pristan r. pier, quay
pristawka r. prefix
priz r. prize
problema r. problem
professional r. professional
professor r. professor
profsouz r. trade union
prognoz r. prognosis
programa r. program
progres r. progress
progressiw r. progressive
progul etmek to shirk
progul truancy
projhektor r. searchlight
prokuratura r. office of the
public prosecutor
prokuror r. public
prosecutor
proletariat r. proletariat
proletor r. proletarian
propaganda r. propoganda
propagandirlemek r. to
propagate
propusk r. omission, blank,
absence
prospekt r. avenue
protest r. protest
protez r. artificial limb
protokol r. protocol
protsent r. percent
protses r. process
prowlenie r. 1. government
2. management, board,
administration
prowodnik r. guide,
conductor
prowokatsia r.
provocation
proekt r. project, plan
proektirlemek to project
proza r. prose
proza i r. prose writer
pruin r. spring, source
pu
empty, hollow
pudak branch, twig
pudaklamak to branch out
pugta 1. firm, solid, longlasting, durable 2. serious
pugtalandurmak 1. to
consolidate 2. to stabilize
pugtalyk firmness
pukara n. poor
pukaralyk poverty
pul money
pulemot r. machine gun
punkt r. 1. station, place 2.
point, item
punktuatsia punctuation
pursat time, moment
puman etmek to regret,
pity
puman getermek to
compel
puman regret, pity
putowka r. pass, permit
pr crown
prepr overcrowded,
overflowing
preprlemek to overfill
prkmek splash, shuffle,
sprinkle
prs 1. hollow 2. beam
pan drunk
pure r. puree
py ak knife, blade
py aklamak to knife, stab
py gy saw
pygamber prophet
pygyl intention, design,
purpose
pykyrdamak 1. to seethe 2.
to chuckle, giggle
pylan a certain, some
pylan a a certain (time,
amount)
pyl amak to crack, strike
pyntyk 1. bud 2. kidney
pyntyklamak 1. to enlist,
recruit 2. to dial
(telephone)
pykyrmak to leap
pyrlamak 1. to twist, twirl
2. to roll up
pyrlanmak to twist oneself
pyssarmak 1. to wither, fade
2. to give up hope
pybaga turtle
pydyl turtle
pyyrdamak to whisper
pyyrdy whisper
pytramak 1. to crumble 2. to
disperse
pyada by foot
pyadalamak to go by foot
pyaluka little cup
pyzmak to hurl, fling
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R
radio r. radio
radionpryomnik r.
receiving set
radiostantsia r. radio
station
radiouzel r. radio center
radist r. radio operator
radius r. radius
rahat 1. peace 2. peaceful;
quiet
rahat peaceful
rahatlanmak to calm down;
subside; become quiet
rahatlyk rest; repose; peace
rahatsyzlandyrmak to
alarm; disquiet; disturb
rahatsyzlanmak to be upset;
anxious; alarmed
raketa r. rocket
raport r. raport
ras ot r. calculation;
estimation; settlement of
accounts
raspisanie r. schedule
ratsiona ylyk r. rationality
ratsionalizator rationalist
raund r. round (of a
competition)
raat nationality;
citizenship
raat- bolmak to become a
citizen
rada someone in
sympathy with others
radalyk solidarity
raon r. region
razrad r. category; class
razwedka r. 1. geol,
prospecting 2.
reconnaissance party 3.
secret service
razwedka y r. 1. scout 2.
secret service officer,
intelligence officer
razlyk 1. contentment ;
satisfaction 2. agreement
razy 1. content ; satisfied 2.
agreeable
razy
bolmazlyk disagreement
razy in agreement with
razylamak 1. to make an
agreement 2. to forgive 3.
to reconcile
razylamak to agree
razylyk harmony
reaksion r. reactionary
reaksia r. reaction
reaktiw r. reactive
real r. real
realistik r. realistic
realizm r. realism
redaksion r. editing
redaksia r. editorial staff
redaktirlemek r. to edit
redaktor r. editor
redaktorlyk r. editorship
rediska r. radish
reforma r. reform
regbi r. rugby
regbi i r. rugby player
registrasia r. registration
registratura r. registry
registrirlemek r. to register
regulirlemek r. to regulate
regular r. regular
rehim pity, compassion
rehimdar generous,
compassionate, sorrowful
rehimli generous,
compassionate, sorrowful
rehimsiz ruthless, heartless,
soulless
reje 1. sign, feature,
characteristic 2. order,
way, conditions
rejelemek to bring, lead,
result in
rejeli accurate, punctual,
neat, tidy
reklama r. advertisement
rekomendasia r.
recommendation
rekord r. record
rektor r. president, rector,
chancellor
rektorlyk r. rectorship
rels r. rails, track
remont r. repair(s)
rende plane
rendelemek to plane
rentgen r. X-ray(s)
rebe-re multi-colored
rek 1. paint 2. color
reklemek to paint, color
rekli colorful, colored
repetisia r. rehearsal
replika r. replica
resmi official, formal
resmiledirmek to form,
shape, legalize
respublika r. republic
respublikan r. republican
restoran r. restaurant
resurs r. resource
ret etmek to deflect,
dissuade, reject
retsept r. recipe
rewolusion r.
revolutionary
rewolusia r. revolution
res r. flight, voyage, trip
rezerw r. reserve(s)
rezhim r. regime
rezhissor r. stage manager
rezin r. rubber
rezolusia r. resolution
rhnet 1. well-being 2.
bliss
rhnetli blissful
rifma r. rhyme
rol r. part, role
rolik r. roller
rom r. rhombus
roman r. novel
rota r. company
rowa bolmak to be worthy
rowa worthy, well-deserved
rowa
successful, good
rowa lanmak to attain
success
rowaat legend, story
roal r. grand piano
rwen radiant, brilliant,
light, joyful
ru ka r. pen
rugsat permission
ruh I. soul, spirit, mood II. r.
rook (of chess)
ruh spirit, soul
ruhlandyrmak to inspire
ruhlanmak to feel inspired
ruhubelent inspired
ruhubelentlik inspiration
ruhy spiritual, mental,
ecclesiastical, religious
rul r. steering wheel
rumyn r. Romanian
rus Russian
rus a Russian language
rus alamak to speak in
Russian
radowo 1. r. ordinary 2.
r. private (class of soldier)
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rukzak r.
rucksack,backpack
S
sabamak 1. to diminish 2.
to release, to get rid of 3. to
be empty
sabyn soap
sabynlamak to wash with
soap
sabyr et "God bless you"
(said after a sneeze)
sabyr patience
sabyrly patient
sabyrlylyk patience
sa
hair
sa rmi braid, plait
sada 1. simple 2. sincere
sadalyk simplicity
sadap button
sag aman safely
sag I. health sag bol!=be
healthy/thank you! II.
right
sag-gurgun sag-gurgun
gezip remek=to be in a
good mood, healthy
sagalmak to recover
sagat I.healthy II. 1. watch
2. hour
sagatlyk hour's worth
sagdyn healthy
sagdynladyrmak to cure,
treat, take care of
sagdyrmak to make
someone milk a cow
saglyk health
sagmak to milk
sagry back of a
horse/donkey
sagym mirage
sagym y milkmaid
sagynmak to pause,
hesitate, delay
sahap cover
sahna stage
sahypa page
sak vigilant, watchful
saka divide, watershed
sakar kelle bald
sakaw stutterer
sak y watchman
sakgal beard
saklamak 1. to keep 2. to
store 3. to detain 4. to take
care of, oversee, act as a
guardian 5. to retain 6. to
support 7. to keep from
someone 8. to make
someone do something
saklanan second-hand
saklanmak to restrain one's
self
saklay upkeep,
maintenence
sakydamak to tweet
sakyrdama!=shut up!
sakynmak to stutter
sakyrtga skin burrowing
animal, chigger
sal raft
sala advice
salam hi
salamlamak to greet, say
"hi"
salat r. salad
salawmalekim may peace
be upon you
saldamly heavy, ponderous
salfetka r. napkin
salgamak to wave, flap
salgy atmak to find out
about
salgylanmak to refer to, cite
salgym mirage
salgyt tribute, payment, tax
salgyt tlemek=to pay
taxes
salkym bunch, cluster bir
salym zm=a bunch of
grapes
salkyn cool
salkynlamak to become cool
sallah bachelor
sallamak to lower, cast
down, drop, hang
sallan ak 1. crib 2. swing
sallanmak 1. to hang 2. to
be hung
salmak 1. to place, put 2. to
build ja salmak=to build
a house 3. ie salmak=to
help someone get a job 4.
abradan salmak=to
dishonor 5. to pretend
not to bilmezlege
salmak=to pretend not to
know, grmezlege
salmak=to pretend not to
see
salparmak to dangle
salpy dangling
salut r. salute
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salyhatly serious
salykatly to be courteous
salym one moment bir
salym aak ekmek=to
stop for one moment
samahylamak to chatter
saman straw saman
kelle=stupid
sambo wrestling
samolot r. airplane
samramak to mutter,
mumble
samsyk fool, stupid
samsyklyk foolishness
samyrdy mutterings,
mumblings
san 1. number 2. amount 3.
score 4. cardinal numbers
5. ordinal numbers 6.
weight
san-cyz 1. a great number of
something 2. person who
has lost his authority,
credibility, or honor
san-sajak a lot, an
exaggerated amount
sana
1. leather bag 2.
bellows
sanamak to count
sanandarlyk musucianship
sanamak to talk back
sanatoria r. sanatorium,
resort
san mak to stab with a
dagger
sandyk chest, hope chest
sandyramak to tremble,
shake, shudder
sandyrawuk trembling,
shaking
sani r. sled
sanitar r. male nurse
sanjak safety pin
sanjamak to prick
sanjy colic
sanly counted
sansyz-sanjak-syz a lot
saalmak saalyp
durmak=to stop numb/
stop dead
sa
yldamak sandyramak=to
shake, shiver
sap I. 1. cunning 2.
shrewdness 3. temptation
4. a row II. 1. pure, clean
2. morally pure III. handle
sap sary yellowest

sapa enjoyment, delight,
pleasure
sapak I. thread II. lesson
sapalk evasion
sapaly merry, happy,
blessed
sapar I. time indiki
sapar=next time II. trip,
journey
saplamak to clarify, purify,
leanse
saplanmak to be cleaned,
purified
sapmak 1. to thread a needle
2. to immunize a plant 3.
to combine
sar starling bird
sarag bandage
saralmak 1. to become
yellow 2. to make yellow
saramak 1. to spin 2. to
wrap 3. to tie
sar
cowardly
sargamak 1. to confide 2. to
order
sargyt commission,
message, mission sargyt
etmek=to go on a mission
sarkmak to drip
sarkyrmak to make
something drip
sarmak sargamak=1. to
confide 2. to order
sarnamak to mutter,
mumble
sarp etmek to consume
sarpa gomak to respect
sarpa respect
sarsdyrmak to shove, to
shake
sarsgyn shoving, shaking
sarsmak 1. to shudder 2. to
quiver
sarsmaz indestructible,,
untouchable, proud
sary yellow
sarykmak to dry
sarymsyk garlic
saryag clarified butter,
ghee
saryagyz sallow,
yellowish
satamak to meet someone
satmak 1. to sell 2. to betray
satyjy seller
satyn almak to buy
satynalmak to sell
saw y machmaker
saw ylar matchmaker
saw ylyk matchmakerness
sa sandbank, shoal
sagarmak to distinguish
sagylamak to whip
sahalladyrmak to put in
order, organize
salama 1. selected, chosen
2. choice
salamak to choose
salanan chosen
salanmak 1. to be chosen
salaw election
salaw y voter, elector
salow election, vote
samak I. 1. to consider 2.
to think II. 1. to tousle,
churn up 2. to beat up
sapallamak to subside,
hall, decrease
sarak singing sarak
gu=singing bird
saramak to sing
saz I. music, musical II.
accurate, intact
sazak type of tree
sazanda musician
sazandar musician
saz ylyk adj. music
saz ylyk mekdebi=music
school
sazlamak to make accurate,
intact
sazlayk concordant,
accordant
sazly musical, with music
sebbi because
sebp cause, reason
sebpkr guilty person
sebpli 1. reasonable 2.
with an alabi
sebpsiz 1. unreasonable 2.
without an alabi
se ek fringe
se ekli fringed
se me bullet
se mek 1. to shatter 2. to
choose
segezdan wanderer,
vagabond
segsen eighty
segseninji eightieth
seh r. shop, guild
seki porch
sekiz eight
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sekizinji eighth
sekmek to appear, emerge
sekretar r. seretary
seksia r. section
sekunt r. second
sel en seyrek=seldom
sel enlemek sereklemek
=to diminish, reduce
sele 1. space 2. coolness
selelemek to go out into
coolness
seljermek to distinguish,
determine
selle turban
sellem bir sellem=a little
bit
sellofan r. cellophane
selluloza r. cellulose
selpemek 1. to trot 2. to
look for
sem bolmak to pause,
hesitate sem bol!=shut up!
semawar r. samovar, water
boiler
semek to weigh, to hang
out, spread out
semelemek to fumble
sememek to fumble
sement r. cement
sementlemek to cement
seminar r. seminar
semiz fat, plump
semizlik fatness, girth,
obesity
semremek to fatten, gain
weight
semretmek 1. to get fat 2.
to put on weight
sen you
senagat industry
sene date
senemere edimek to
quarrel
senet 1. trade, craft 2.
occupation
senet i master, skilled
person
senet ilik master
seni e your way, in your
style
senitmeter r. centimeter
senlik keme "you"
pronoun
sentner r. sentner (100 kg.)
sentabr September
sekildemek to leap
seer rampart, bank, wall
serik bridge of the nose

sese brain-damaged from
and explosion
seselemek to faint
seselik confusion, bruise
sep I. 1. seam, joint 2. row,
line, file, series II. dowry
sepelemek 1. to shatter 2. to
drizzle 3. to spray
sepgil freckle
sepgit 1. joint 2. hem
sepikdirmek to cut out
sepikmek to retreat
sepimek to join, connect
seplemek 1. to join, connect
2. to weld
sepmek I. 1. to sprawl 2. to
fold down II. 1.to sprinkle
2. to shatter
sepik de blemek to cut
along the grain
serb r. Serb, Serbian
ser e sparrow
ser i sparrow
serdar leader
serenjam gear, equipment
seresap careful seresap
bol=be careful
seresaply carefully
seretmek 1. to look at 2. to
look after 3. to stare 4. to
glare
serea series
sergezdan bum, vagrant
sergezdan ylyk hermitage,
state of being a vagabond
sergezdanlyk hermitage,
state of being a vagabond
sergi exhibition, show
serhet border
serhet i border guard
serho drunkard
seride means, remedy
serkerde commander,
general
sermek to spread out
sersag sober
sersaglyk sobriety
serzhant r. sergeant
ses 1. sound 2. voice 3.
noise
ses-n sounds
seslenmek 1. to be heard 2.
to respond
sesli I. andj. sound, talking
II. loud, noisy
sessia r. session
sessiz 1. silent 2. mute

setilemk to line up, to put in
lines, rows
setin r. satin
setir 1. line 2. row
setka r. net
sealka seeder
seil walking, revelry stroll,
roam, wander
seis horse jockey
seislemek to train a horse
seran etmek to roam,
stroll, wander
serek 1. rare, seldom 2.
unusual
sereklemek to diminish,
reduce
sezewar bolmak to face
difficulties and overcome
them
sginmek to pause, hesitate,
stop
shel a little, slightly
shel e a liitle, slight
sher dawn
shra steppe
swlik occasion
sfera r. shpere
shema r. scheme
sifr r. figure, number
sifrlemek to count, to figure
signal r. signal
sil flood
silindr r. cylinder
silkmek 1. to shake 2. to
brush off
silos r. hay
siloslamak to make hay
siltemek to jolt or shake
sim wire, clothesline
simap mercury
simbol r. symbol
simlemek to become
infected
sindirmek to digest
sink r. zinc
sinonim r. synonym
sintaksis r. syntax
sintaktik r. synthetic
sintenjiremek to fidget
sintez r. synthesis
sinus r. sinus
sidirmek 1. to absorb 2. to
digest
sie attentively
siek fly
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simek 1. to be absorbed 2.
to be digested
siitli 1. to be drizzled 2.
soft food
sirk r. circus
sirke I. lice eggs II. vinegar
sirkul r. circle
sistema r. system
sistemledirmek to
systemize
sisterna r. cistern
sienbe Wednesday
sitada r. quotation
sitirlemek to quote
sidik wine
siz you (pl.)
sizing e your way, as you
would (pl.)
skafandr helmut
sklad r. storehouse
skulptor r. sculptor
skulptora r. sculpture
skwar r. alley
skwazhina r. motorized
water pump
slawan r. Slavic
slesar r. plumber
slot r. congress
smena r. period, shift
smirno r. at attention
snaard missle
sogan onion
sogap good deed
sogurmak to pull out
sojamak to gasp
sokgarylmak to be snoopy
sokjamak to suck
sokmak to insert
soky pestle
soldat r. soldier
soldatlyk soldierhood
solgun pale, faded
solmak 1. to fade 2. to wilt
somsa r. meatpie
so 1. later, after, then 2.
continuing 3. end
soabaka adv. later
soky final, last
solamak to complete, finish
sora later
soraundan after
sorag 1. question 2.
interrogation
sorag bermek to question
sorag question
soragcyz unquestionable
soramak to ask, question
soramak to ask someone a

question
sorgu
tissue paper
sorkuldmak to throb,beat
sormak 1. to suck 2. to
absorb
sort r. sort, kind, variety
sortdurmak to be angry
sortlamak to sort
sosial r. social
sosialism r. socialism
sosialstik r. socialistic
sosiska r. sausage link
sostaw r. staff
sowa by-passed, missed
sowal question
sowamak 1. to cool 2. to
become disinterested
sowat literacy
sowatly literate
sowatmak to become literate
sowatsyz illiterate
sowatsyzlyk illiteracy
sowet r. advice
sowgat president
sowhoz state farm
sowly successful
sowmak 1. to consume 2. to
divert 3. to urn around 4.
to complete
sowsuzlyk failure
sowuk cold
sowuk-sala sloppy
sowukganly old-blooded
sowukganlylyk coldbloodedness
sowuklamak to catch a cold
sowuklatmak to give
someone a cold
sowuklyk cold
sowulmak 1. to turn 2. to
finish 3. to by-pass, to
avoid
sowurmak 1. to have a dust
storm 2. to blow money
carelessly
somak 1. to skin 2. to
scratch 3. to cut off
soulmak 1. to shed hair 2.
to flake (skin)
souz union
sbemek to fight
sbk hill
se supporter (thing)
sgmek 1. to scold, curse,
abuse 2. to swear at
sgn
obsenity, swear
word
sgmek to quarrel
shbet chat, discussion
shbetde conversation
partner
skmek 1. to take apart 2. to
rip out a seam 3. to plow
4. to reinvestigate
sklmek to rip out a seam
slpi absent-minded, sloppy
smelmek to be dumbfounded, numb
sndrmek to extinguish,
turn off the light
snen extinct
snmek to fade
sw-sw with syryp
remek=to hang out
swda commerce, trade
swda etmek to make a
trade
swdagar trader, merchant,
businessman
swdalamak to bargain,
haggle
swe battle
swejen militant, energetic
swelyk militancy
swemek to fight
swmek to swear (curse)
swt willow
semek to lean
senmek to be leaning
sget support
sgi love
sguli favorite
sli favorite, beloved
smek to love
snji gift to the bearer of
good news
snmek to be happy
smek to love one
another
sz 1. word, introduction 2.
conversation 3. speech 4.
promise
szbay preface, title
szlem sentence
szlemek to speak
szlemek to arrange
szlk dictionary
szlklik little dictionary
szsoy preposition
spartakiada r. olympics
spasiba r. thank you
spektakl r. spectile
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spesalist r. specialist
spirit rubbing alcohol
spisok r. the least
sport r. sport
sportmen r. sportsman
sprawka r. permission
spwaga 1. pocket money 2.
reason
stadion r. stadium
stakan r. glass
stanok r. loom
stansia r. station
starina the oldest in the
group
start r. beginning (n.)
stazh r. tenure
sterzhen r. ink cartrige
stil r. style
stol r. table
strahowanie r. insurance
student r. student
studentlyk studenthood
stul r. chair
subut bolmak to be proven
subut etmek to prove, make
clear
subutnama proof
sud r. court
sudlamak to sue
sudur outline
suda judge
sugun deer
sugun ylyk raising deer
sumat bolmak to disappear
2. to disguise 3. to conceal
sumka r. bag
sungat art
surat 1. picture 2.
photographg
surat y artist
suratlandyrma description
suratlandyrmak to depict,
describe
suraty illustrated
surnukmak to suffer, to be
tortured
susak ladle
susgu
shovel
susmak to scoop
sustupes exhausted,
frustrated
suilka dryer
suw 1. water 2. watery
suwag stucco plaster
suwamak to plaster
suwarmak to water
suwarym watering
suwasty underwater
suwjarmak 1. to soak 2. to
sentimentalize over
suwlamak to spray
suwsamak to be thirsty
suwuk thin, fluid
suwuklyk liquid (n.)
suwul u sprayer
suwulgan lizard
sbce broom
sbcelemek to sweep
sem barmak pointer finger
sl hi detective
sle oats
slenmek to crown, swarm
slgn phesant
sllermek to fade
sllmba to be wet, to be
soaked
slk leech
smek earlobe
smgrmek to blow one's
nose
smmek to creep into, get
into
smml stalk
smsnmek to walk, stroll
snbl stalk of wheat
snnet circumcision
sk bone
sprmek 1. to sweep 2. to
wipe
sr ek ice-crusted, slippery
sren den, cave, lair
srgn etmek to exile
srgn exile
sri 1. herd, flock 2. group,
crowd
srmek 1. to drive 2. to till
srtenmek to rub
srtmek to rub in
srgi driver
srm tillage
ssdrilmek to run into
something
ssmek to butt, gore
stem pressure, oppression
stk fur
stkli furry
stn column, pillar
su goamak to feel sick 2.
to be numb
su organism, constitution
sdemdirijiler animal
sgeik swampy, marshy
sgeiklik swamp, marsh
sjemek to be sweet
sji 1. sweet, sugary 2.

fresh water 3. pleasant 4.
sweets, candy
sji il sweet tooth
skemek to rub, grate
skenmek 1. to rub, itch
oneself 2. to pester, annoy
sndrmek 1. to stretch
out 2. to extend, prolong
snmek 1. to stretch out,
recline 2. to extend
spent rudder, wheel,
handle bar
sremek to pull out
srenjen to be at the end
srenjiler reptiles
srenmek 1. to creep, to
crawl 2. to be at the end
sri oblong
smek to move
srmek to move
something
st milk
stde native, own, blood,
true
stli milky. dairy
sm fiber
smek 1. to move 2. to
move forward
szgu
filter
szme yogurt
szmek to strain, filter
szlmek 1. to wear out 2.
to stick togehter, close eyes
from fatigue
sy an mouse
sy ramak 1. to spray,
splash 2. to stand on
someone's feet suddenly (?)
sy ratmak to splash, spray
sygmak to find room
sygym capacity
sygyr cow
sygyrmak to whistle
syhalamak to slice, cut with
a sharp edge
syk thick, density
syklyk density
sykmak to squeeze, press
sykyklyk whistling
sylag 1. respect, honor 2.
gift 3. reward
sylamak to respect
sylayk mutual respect
syn etmek to stare, observe
syn survey, review
syn-syn on end (as hair)
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synag test, trial

synamak to test, experience,
undergo, try, attempt
synanmak to try, attempt
synanyyk attempt
syn gamak to pick, poke
syn gylawuk hiccup
syn gylawugy
tutmak=to hiccup
syn y 1. alert, shrewd,
sharp 2. surveyor, reviewer
syndyrmak to destroy,
abolish, annul
synlamak to watch, observe
synmak to abolish
synp class, caste
synpy class (struggle)
synthetika r. synthetic
syral hoof
sypal straw, thatch
sypalamak to smooth, to pet
sypalga reason, cause
sypa-serme sypa-serme
etmek=to be haughty, to
spoil (a child)
sypat I. 1. appearance 2.
quality II. adjective
sypatlandyrmak to depict,
describe
sypa ylyk politeness,
courtesy
sypa ylykly courteously ,
with courtesy
sypay 1. courteous 2.
elegant
sypdyrmak 1. to miss, let go,
let escape 2. to miss 3. to
say something accidentally
sypjyrmak to scratch
sypjyryk scratch
sypmak 1. to release, escape
2. to get rid of 3. to make a
mistake
sypynmak to have free time
sypyrmak to peel, tear off
syr secret, mystery
syramak I. to circle, whirl,
spin (sand or snow) II. to
sew a blanket, to quilt
syrat appearance, figure
syratly slender, slim
syr a enamel
syrdambitin unspoiled
syrda favorite
syrgyn I. blizzard,
snowstorm II. row of
houses
syrkaw 1. ill 2. ill person

syrkawlamak to fall ill, to
ache
syrkawlyk disease, illness
syrkyramak to ache
syrly weird, mysterious
syrma knot, noose
syrmak 1. to sweep 2. to
shave
syrt 1. backside 2. bottom
(anatomical)
syrtartmak to grin, jeer
syrtky back (adj.)
syryk pole
syrykdyrmak to divert one's
attention, to digress
syrykmak to flow, leak,
stream
syrylmak diffused, to
diffuse (?)
sya ink
syahat etmek to travel
syahat trip, journey,
travels
syahat y traveller
syasat politics, policy
syasat y politician
syasy political
syzlamak to ache, throb
syzmak I. 1. to feel 2. to
have a premonition II. to
ooze
a king, shah
abyrdamak to pour, flow,
spread
adyan merry
adyanlyk merriment
agal jackal
agala merriment
agalaly gay, merry,
cheerful
agga quickly, soon
aggyldamak to make a
noise, rustle
aggyldy noise, rustle
aglawuk waterfall
agyrdamak to rustle, make
a noise
agyrdy rustle, noise, sound
ah horn (of an animal)
aha branch
ahadatnama certificate
ahalak branchy
ahalamak to branch out
ahly horned
ahra poetess
ahs personality, identity
ahsy personal
ahsyet personality,
identity
ahta r. mine, pit
ahta y r. miner
ahtor r. miner
ahyr poet
ahyrlyk poetic works,
creations
akse bowl
akgalamak to split
akgyrdamak to rumble
akgyrdatmak to rumble
akgyrdy rumble
algam turnip
alpy-ara 1. complete 2.
wet, moist
alpyldamak to splash
alpyldy splash
aly adj. rice
an glory, fame
an-hrat glory
anly famous
alamak to ring, jingle
ayrdamak to ring, jingle
ayrdy peal, chime
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apak glow of dusk, glow of

dawn
apba quickly, momentarily
apbat 1. palm of hand 2.
slap in the face
apyrdy splash
apyrtdatmak to squelch
ar r. sphere, ball
aramak to take with a fork
arf r. scarf
ar cartoon character
ark-urk quickly
arkyldamak to rattle,
clatter, knock, rap
arkyldy knock, rattle,
clatter
arlamak to rage, seethe
artyldamak to crack,
crackle
artyldy crack, crash
aryk fork
aka r. checkers (Asian
style)
at joyful, happy
atlama 1. frozen 2. hard,
ringing
atlamak to freeze, congeal
atlanmak to enjoy
atlyk joy
atlykly joyful
atyrdamak to crack, chirp,
crackle
atyrdy crash, crack
a adornment, decoration,
embellishment
a-sep 1. dowry 2. costly,
valuable
aat witness
aatlyk evidence
aatnama evidence,
certificate, license
aba r. disk
alar parts
ay 1. coin 2. nickel
aylyk 1. nickel 2. trinket
ek doubt, question
ekel 1. form, outline, sketch
2. image, picture,
representation 3. figure
eker inrigi sugar-beet
eker sugar
ekillendirmek to depict
ekilli similar to, such, like
eksiz without doubt,
unquestionably
em candle
emal wind : uwa emal

= breeze
emallamak to be aired out,
inflated
emallatmak to air, inflated
embe Saturday
embeik sticky
epbemek to stick
epbik resin, pitch, tar
er scandal
erap wine
erbert r. sherbert
erebe salty, salt solution
ermende wretch
ert I. 1. condition 2. vow,
pledge II. conditional,
relative
ertli conditional, relative
ertnama contract
etdaly peach
ele such, so, just like
ele-de as such
elelik bilen thus, then,
so, well
elelikde well, then, so,
thus
etan devil
etanlyk cunning,
trickery, craftiness, ruse
etmek to do so, to do
such
girt apprentice
girtlik apprenticeship
hda yk merrily, in good
spirts
her city
herara intercity, longdistance
ht spirit, mood
nik stone
rik companion
rikli together
ifirlemek r. to cover, coat,
trump
ifr r. cipher, code
ifrlemek r. to ciphere,
code
ikaat 1. complaint 2.
appeal
ikaat etmek to complain
ikes 1. mutilation 2.
breakage
illirdemek to murmur
illirdi murmur
in r. 1. tire 2. splint
inde 1. wedge 2. embryo,
bud
indi 1. now 2. still, yet

indiki present, actual
inel r. overcoat
inelemek to get bound up,
get entangled
ir Leo (zodiac sign)
ire juice
irin 1. sweet, tasty 2.
pleasant, agreeable
irrildemek to murmur,
purr
itil sprout, sprouts
itilhana nursery
itirdi rustle
iwe accent, dialect, talk
kaf r. cupboard, wardrobe
lang r. hose
lem r. helmet
lapa r. hat
ofor r. driver, chauffeur
oh gay, merry, happy
okolad chocolate
okolady adj. chocolate
ol that
on a so, so much, so many
or salty, saline
orluk saltiness
orpuldatmak to squelch
orsuw salt water
orta sz anecdote
osse r. highway, turnpike
ow good luck, success
owa kr short-sighted
owalyk short-sightedness
owhun din, hubbub, noise,
rustle
owhunly noisy, loud,
sensational
owly successful, good
hle ray, beam
hlelendirmek 1. to shine
2. to illuminate, elucidate
hrat glory
hratlanmak to glorify
hratly glorious
hratparaz vain
hratparazlyk vanity
wr wakefulness, care
rift r. type, print
i beet soup
tab r. headquarters, staff
tamp r. stamp
tamplamak r. to stamp
tat r. state
tepsel r. plug, jack
u this, that
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ugullamak to carry or
bring, inform, slander
ugundyr beet
um wicked, evil
umjarmak to sob
umlukda thus, so, well,
then, now
umro deformed, ugly,
abnormal
umroluk ugliness,
deformity
un a so, so much, so many
uwlamak to buzz, honk,
hoot, whistle
uwwuldamak to whistle
uwwuldy whistle, hiss
bhe doubt
bhelenmek to suspect,
doubt
bheli doubtful, dubious
bhesiz unquestionable,
doubtless
dgr field, tillage
le rice porridge
wele merry, joyful
weleli merrily, joyfully
wed r. Swede
ybyrdamak to rustle
ybyrdy rustle
ygar slogan
yglamak to buzz, rustle,
hiss, whiz
ygyr verse, poem
ygyrdamak to rustle
ygyrdy rustle
ykyrdamak to rustle
ykyrdy rustle
ylha rags, tatters
yltak etmek to slander
yltak slander
yyrdamak to ring, jingle,
click
yyrdy jingle, ring, peal,
chime
yrdak hat (esp. for
horseback riding)
yrkyldamak to snap, crack,
crackle
yrkyldy snap, crackle,
rustle
yrlamak to murmur
T
taba pan
tabak dish, bowl, cup
tabel r. time-sheet
tabigat 1. nature 2. personal
nature
tabletka r. tablet, pill
tablisa table, list, schedule,
scale
tabyrmak 1. to charge with
a comission, to entrust 2.
to deliver, hand in, hand
over 3. to punish, order
tabyryk 1. message,
mission, comission,
instruction 2. warning,
notification, prevention
tabyn subordinate
tabynlyk subordination
tabyt coffin
tagalla effort, strain,
exertion
tagam dish, taste, flavor
tagamly tasty
tagan vanity mirror
tagayk convenience,
comfort
tagaykly 1. convenient,
comfortable 2. close
taglymat apprenticeship,
learning
tagma brand, stigma, strain
tagmalamak to brand,
stigmatize
tagt ripe
tagta I. 1. board 2. plank 3.
blackboard II. sheet,
certificate, deed
tagtabiti bedbug, termite
taha "tahya", Turkmen
national cap
tahyl box, case
takat patience
takdyr fate
takgaz herring
takmyn approimately,
about, almost: Oba henli
takmyn 2 kilometer ol
remeli bolarcyn = You
should reach the village in
about 2 kilometers.
takmynan almost
taksi r. taxi
taktika r. tactic
takyk exact
takyklamak to specify
takyklyk exactness,
precision
takyr I. bald II.smooth,
plain, lank
takyramak to be empty
takyrdamak to rumble
takyrdatmak to rumble
takyrlyk cracked desert area
tal willow
talamak to rob, plunder
talant r. talent
talantly r. talented
tala theft
tala ylyk theft
tala ylykly stolen
talap 1. demand 2.
requirement 3. claim 4.
order
talapkr exacting,
particular, fussy
talapkrlik exactitude,
particularity
talh tart
talhan oat flour
talon r. coupon
tam house
tama etmek to hope
tama hope
tamakin inept person
tamam bolmak to finish,
end
tamamlamak to finish, end
tamamlanmak to finish,
complete, accomplish
tamdyr clay oven for baking
rek
tamdyra dutar
tamdyra y dutarist
tamanmak 1. to bite
through, take a bite 2. to
lick one's lips
tanalmak to introduce
tanamak 1. to know
somebody 2. to recognize
tanap rope, cable
tangens r. math
tank r. tank
tankydy critical
tankyt criticism, critique,
review
tankytlamak to critique
tans etmek r. to dance
tans r. dance
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tans y r. dancer
(prominent)
tanymal distinquished,
notable, eminent
tany bolmak to meet (lit. to
become acquaintance)
tany I. known, familiar II.
acquaintance, known
person
tany-bili acquaintance
tanydyrmak 1. to introduce
2. to acquaint
tanylyk acquaintance
tanymak 1. to meet, make
acquaintance 2. to be
introduced to
taka "tangka", a traditional
Turkmen tea vessel, placed in
a fire
tayr basin
tayrdamak to peal,
thunder, rattle
tarybir united under God
tap 1. mood, spirits 2.
strength, force, power,
might
tapa rest, repose, peace,
calm
tapawut difference,
differentness
tapawutlandyrmak to
distinguish, differentiate
tapawutlanmak 1. to differ
2. to be noted, to stand out
tapba suddenly, all of a
sudden
tapbat pat
tapbatlamak to pat
tapgyr 1. group, party 2.
round, tour
taplamak 1. to whet, grind,
sharpen 2. to kill or
slaughter
taplanmak to be hardened,
tempered
tapma a riddle
tapmak 1. to find, come
across 2. to think out,
devise 3. to find, discover
4. to determine, designate,
define 5. to receive, get,
obtain
tapylgysyz irreplacable
tapylmak to be found
tapyndy find, discovery
tapyrdamak to stomp
tapyrdy stamping, tramping
tapymak to help to find

something
tar 1. string 2. r. tar
tarap 1. direction 2. place,
land 3. side 4. part 5.
group, side
tarapdar supporter
tarapdar supporter
taraplayn sided : bir
taraplaan = one-sided
tara cleansing, polishing
taralamak 1. to cleanse,
polish, clean 2. to grind,
polish
taraz divide, watershed
tarkyldamak to knock, rap,
rattle
tarkyldatmak to knock, rap,
rattle
tarkyldy knocking, rattling
tarlamak to buzz, honk,
hoot, whistle
tarp virgin soil
tarpa sudden, unexpected
tarpa-tayn sudden
tarpyldatmak to stamp,
trample
tarpyldy stamping,
trampling
tarsuldamak to knock, rap
tarsuldy n. knock, rap
tartmak 1. to pull, draw, tow
2. to stretch, drain, pull
tarelka r. plate
taryh history
taryh y historian
taryhy historical
taryp etmek to speak highly
taryp praise
taryplamak to praise
tas 1. almost: Men tas
ykyldym = I almost fell
2. nearly, missing a little
taslama sketch, draft
taslamak to give up
tassyklamak to ratify
tassyklanmak to be ratified
talamak to throw with
force
talandy thrown
tatar Tartar
tatamak to inflame, get
inflamed
tawus peacock
ta I. stallion, colt II. 1.
pair, couple 2. one of a
pair III. direction : u

tada = here
taak stick, cane, club, pole
taaklamak to knock
ta anak foal, colt
taga slippery
tagan ak 1. slippery 2.
rink, mangle (?)
tahar baby donkey
talamak to balance
tamak to slide, slip
tapa tribe, clan
taar ready
tayn ready
tayarlamak 1. to prepare
2. to cook 3. to compose,
make up
tayarlyk preparedness,
preparations
tayarlyly ready
taynalmak to prepare, get
ready
tazarmak to stick out
tazy hound
teatr theatre
tebigy natural : tebigy gaz =
natural gas
tebip arch. doctor
tebit heat, fever
tegek coil, spool
tegelek I. 1. round, circular
2. precisely, exactly II.
circle, sphere
tegelenmek to become
circular, grow in a circle
tegmil spot, stain, blotch
tehnik r. technician
tehnika r. technique
tehniki r. technical
tehnikum r. technical shool
tejribe experience
tejribeli experienced
teke I. Teke (Turkmen tribe)
II. goat producer
tekepbir haughty, arrogant
tekepbirlik haughtiness,
arrogance
tekge support, approval
tekiz smooth
tekizlemek to smooth
tekizlik smoothness
tekje level, shelf
teklip etmek to make an
offer
teklip offer
tekst r. text
telbe crazy, mad
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telefon etmek to telephone

telefon r. phone
telegraf r. telegraph
telegrafirlemek r. to
telegraph
telegramma r. telegram
telek erroneous, mistaken
teletin skin, leather
telewidenie r. adj.
television
telewizion r. television
telr awning, shed
telim 1. a few, some, several,
somewhat 2. repeated,
many
telkermek to slouch
telli-pelli somehow (or
other)
telpek hat, Turkmen hat
telper small little, pretty,
fine
tema r. theme, subject
tematic r. thematic
temen big needle
temenge pin, saftey pin
temmki tobacco
temmi bermek to punish
temmi punishment
temperatura r. temperature
ten flesh
tene ir 1. dragonfly 2.
earrings
tenekar borax
tengin heat rash
tenmek to pour out, in
tennis r. tennis
tentek I. silly, stupid II.
fool, simpleton
tentemek to wander, roam
tee coin, currency
teorema r. theorem
teoretiki r. theoretic
teoria r. theory
teplisa r. hot-house
teplohod r. motorship
teplowoz r. cargo ship
ter fresh, cool, lastest, new
terapewt r. therapist
terapewtik r. therapeutic
terbie upbringing
terbie i educator, tutor
terbie ilik educational,
pedalogical
terbielemek to bring up,
educate
terbielei upbringing,
education
terbielejilik educational,
pedalogical
terbieli well-bred
terezi scales, balance
terjime translation
terjime i translator
terjimehal biography
terlik freshness
termin r. term, notion
terminologia r.
terminology
termometr r. thermometer
termos r. thermos
ternaw gutter
terne small mellon
ternelemek to begin to grow
territoria r. territory
terrorizm r. terrorism
ters 1. incorrect, false 2.
uneven 3. backwards,
inside-out
tersine 1. on the contrary,
opposite 2. against 3.
contrary to, in spite of 4.
vice-versa 5. in defiance of
tersleik quarrel, altercation
terslemek to quarrel
tertibe agyrmak to
discipline, call order
tertip order
tertip sanlar ordinal
numbers
tertip-dzgn order, way
tertipli ordered, disciplined
tertipsiz undisciplined,
unruly
tes superlative prefix
tesilli peaceful
tesmek to slow down
tene thirsty
tenelik thirst
te I. bottom II. 1. by no
means, not at all 2. quite,
totally
te-ahyr at last, finally
tedar mark, marking
teene reproach
tez timid, fearful
tezek dung, droppings
t right up to, until : T e
an gremek = to
fight until victory
t
1. crown 2. birthmark,
mole
tjihoraz scarlet fever
tjik Tajik (person from
Tajikistan)
tk 1. odd (in number) 2.

alone
tle fate, lot
tlim learning, instruction,
apprenticeship
tmislik cleanliness, purity
tmiz clean, pure
tmizlemek to cleanse,
purify
tr method, means, manner,
way
tsgenmek to suspend,
linger, be delayed
tsin wonderful, marvelous,
amazing
tsir etmek to influence
tsir galdyrmak to impress
tsir influence, impression
tsirli interesting,
influential, impressive
tze 1. new 2. modern 3.
latest, current, cool 4. fresh
5. young
tze e anew, once again
tzeden again, anew
tzelemek 1. to renew,
renovate 2. to replace,
substitute
tzelenmek 1. to renew 2.
to replace, substitute
tzelik news, newness, new
thing
tzelik i innovator
tzelik ilik innovation
tibirdemek to tremble,
shake, shiver
tigir 1. wheel 2. spool,
bobbin
tigirlemek to roll, drive,
wheel
tigirlenmek to sweep,
move, flow
tijemek to strain, stretch,
bow
tijenmek to strain, stretch,
bow
tike piece, bit, morsel, scrap
tiken thorn, prickle, barb
tikeneklemek to feel, sense
tikenli thorny, prickly,
barbed
tikin seam, joint, stitch
tikin i seamstress, tailor
tikin ilik sewing
tikmek 1. to sew, embroider
2. to hem, sew onto
tikmek to sew
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tilki fox
tilsim secret, mystery
timar bermek to brush,
comb
timarlamak to bring, lead,
result
tiirdemek to click, jingle,
strum
tiirdetmek to click, jingle,
strum
tiirdi click, jingle
tip r. type, style
tipik r. typical
tiplein r. typical
tipografia r. printing
plant, office
tira 1. circulation 2.
drawing of a lottery
tire I. tribe, clan II. r. dash
tirkeg sight
tirkemek to hook onto, latch
onto
tirkemek 1. to go together :
Olar tirkeleip
barardylar = They used
to go together 2. to
befriend, to be on friendly
terms
tirlemek to twist, twirl, roll,
whirl
tirlendirmek to twist, twirl,
roll, whirl
tirsek 1. elbow 2. knee
tisginmek to start, shudder,
shake up
titremek 1. to tremble,
shiver 2. to shake, quake
titretmek to be shaken
titretmek to be shaken
titrewuk tremble, shake
tiz fast, quickly
tizledirmek to speed up,
accelerate
tizlik speed
toba penance
togalak sphere, spherical
togalamak 1. to roll, drive,
ride 2. to wheel, roll along
togalanmak to sweep,
move, flow
toganynjy nintieth
toga skylark (bird)
togsan ninety
togtamak 1. to stop, pause
2. to cease
tohum I 1. seed 2. race,
breed 3. posterity,
descendants II.
thoroughbred
tohum ylyk seeding
tohumlyk seeded, seminal
tok r. electrical connection
toka buckle
tokar r. lathe, turning
instrument
toka forest, wood
toka ylyk forestry
tokalyk forest, wooded
place
tokga a lump, clod
tokgalamak to crumple
tokly small sheep, lamb
tokmak mallet, wooden
hammer
tolgundyrmak to agitate,
excite, worry (someone)
tolgunyyk agitation,
worry, excitement
tolkun wave
tom r. tome, volume
tomaa sight, spectacle,
show
tomaa y spectator, onlooker
tomat r. 1. tomato sauce 2.
adj. tomato
tomazak dung beetle
tomsma in the summer
tomus summer
tomusky adj. summer
tonna r. ton
tonnel r. tunnel
top I. ball II. gun, cannon
III. 1. group 2. piece, bit,
morsel
topala rebellion, mutiny
topar 1. group 2. layer,
stratum
toparlamkak to form a
group
toparlanmak to form a
group
topbak heap, pile, a lot of
top y artilleryman
toplamak to gather or
collect
toplanmak to gather,
assemble, prepare
toplum group
toprak ground, earth, land :
Ene toprak = Mother Earth
topuk ankle
topulmak 1. to dash, rush,
plunge, dart 2. to have a fit
tor 1. net 2. grid, scale 3.

trap, snare
torba bag
tormoz r. break
torsarmak to be offended
torsuk badger : torsuk aly
= full, complete, absolute
tort r. cake
torum camel (specific type)
tos-toslamak to invent,
contrive, design
toap molasses
toty parrot
tow 1. turn, rotation : tow
bermek = to give a turn
tow bermek to give a turn
towakga request, petition
tow a apricot pit
towlamak to turn, twist,
rotate
towlanmak to twist, turn,
roll
towly twisted
towsa gtermek to snatch
away, buy up
towan rabbit
towuk chicken
towusmak to jump, spring,
leap
to celebration, party
tolamak to organize a
party, have a party
tonak hoof
toun loam, clay
tounsow loamy
toz dust
tozamak to dust
tozan dust
tozanlamak to become
dusty
tozatmak to dust
tozdurmak to wear out (by
use)
tozga pollen
tozmak 1. to wear out 2. to
be bankrupt
thmet atmak to slander
thmet slander
thmet i slanderer
thmet ilikli slanderous
tleg payment
tlemek 1. to pay 2. to
compensate, recompense
tlemek to pay
te stump
tp 1. thickness, density,
mass 2. bream
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tr head of the table for

honoured guests
trpi sander, planer
trplemek to grind, polish
ttnden casual, by accident
ttnlein accidental,
casual, by chance
twekgel resolute, firm,
decisive
twekgel ilik risk
twekgellik risk
tweleme excellent
twella admonition: twella
etmek = to admonish
twerek 1. environs,
neighborhood 2.
surroundings, vicinity 3.
circumfrence 4. near, about
5. around
twir (galdyrmak) postmeal prayer
tragedia r. tragedy
tragiki r. tragic
traktor r. tractor
traktor y r. tractor driver
tramwa r. streetcar
transport r. transportation
trassa r. route, line
trener r. trainer, coach
trewoga r. alarm, warning,
alert
tribuna r. tribune, platform
trikota r. hosiery
trollebus r. trolley
trotuar r. sidewalk
truba r. pipe, tube, chimney
trubka r. 1. tube, pipe 2.
receiver
tukat sad, sorrowful, dreary
tukatlanmak to grieve, long
tukatlyk sadness, grief,
melancholy
tultuk 1. soft, mild, gentle,
tender 2. sleek, smooth 3.
lenient, easy
tulum wineskin
tumuk muzzle, snout
tundra r. tundra
tunir r. tournament
tupan storm, tempest
turist r. tourist
turistic touristic
turmak 1. to stand up 2. to
awake
turp radish
turamak to turn sour
tury sour
turuzmak 1. to get up, make

stand 2. to waken 3. to
begin, to undertake
turuzmak to wake someone
tussag 1. prisoner 2.
arrested person, detainee
tussag etmek to arrest, take
prisoner
tussag prisoner
tut mulberry
tutanerli persevering,
persistent, obstinate
tutanerlik persistence,
obstinance
tutaryk argument
tutadyrmak to heat, rouse,
unleash, set loose
tutadyryjy incendiary
tutawa
1. handle 2.
railing, banister
tutga epilepsy
tutma grip
tutmak 1. to hold, support,
keep 2. to catch 3. to hire
out, employ 4. to fill,
crowd, imbue 5. to stretch,
draw in, pull in
tutnak assault, onslaught,
onset
tutuk 1. dully, gloomy 2.
gloomy, sullen, cloudy 3.
hoarse, husky
tutu entirely, wholly
tutulagyna totally, entirely
tutulayn totally, entirely
tuty 1. partition 2. curtain
tuwaly r. from Tuva
tkel all, the whole, full,
everything
tkeniksiz incessantly
tkenmek to be finished
tketmek to finish, to cease
tm darkness, obscurity
tmlk darkness, obscurity
tmmek I. hillock II. full,
complete, absolute, perfect
tmmeklemek to fill,
crowd, imbue
tnt blunt, obtuse, stupid
t e pitcher (iron)
tn can
tpe rifle
tpelemek to shoot, fire (a
rifle)
trgen 1. skillful, skilled 2.
trained
trgenleik training
trgenlemek 1. to train 2.
to master
trk Turk
trkana simple, humble
trki Turkish
trkmen Turkmen
trkmen ilik "Turkmeness"
trme prison
trm basmak to imprison
trm basmak to imprison
tsse smoke
tsselemek to smoke (give
off smoke)
ttemek to smoke, steam
tw 1. rice 2. palow (pilaf)
twe heifer
tweleme 1. well done 2.
exclam. "Great!" "Fantastic!"
"Stupendous!"
twele gust
t hair
tdk "tuyduk", a native
Turkmen flute-like
instrument
tdk i person who
performs on the tdk
tdlmek to wear out
tjermek to be hairy
tklik saliva, spittle
tkliklemek to salivate
tkrrmek to spit
tlek hairy
ts 1. genuine, real 2. just
like 3. sincere, frank,
cordial 4. definite, fixed,
certain, positive
tsli as such, like : her
tsli = all kinds
tt-mt etmek to
lacerate, tear to pieces
ttmek 1. to comb one's
hair 2. to wear out (by use)
tul r. tulle
tyg 1. blade, edge : Tyg
arasy biter, sz arasy
bitmez = A blade wound
will get bigger, a verbal
wound, never
tygyt economy, saving
tygytlamak to save,
economize
tygytlamak to spare
tygytly economical
tygytlylyk economy
tykyramak to waver
tykyrdamak 1. to rumble 2.
to knock, rap, rattle
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tykyrdatmak to knock, rap,

rattle, clatter
tyl rear, base
tylla gold, golden
typan an I. slippery II.
rink, mangle
typmak to slide, glide, slip
tyrkyldamak to knock, rap,
throb, rattle
tyrkyldatmak to knock, rap,
throb, rattle
tyrkyldy knock, rattle,
clatter, noise
tyrpma to slide down, slip
off
U
u
finish, end
u ar airplane
u astok r. district, region
u dantutma successively,
one after the other
u gun sparkle, spangle
u gur shoe lace
u ilie r. school
u mak 1. to fly 2. to
stagger 3. to disappear,
vanish
u ramak 1. to come across,
meet, receive, welcome 2.
to undergo, be exposed to
u urmak to rock, swing,
shake
u ursyz very
u u flight
u ot r. inventory
u ot ik r. bookkeeper
udel r. specific
uglerod r. carbon
ugramak 1. to set off,
embark 2. to direct, refer,
send
ugratmak 1. to see off 2. to
set off for 3. to embark
upon
ugrukdyrmak to put right,
in order, to set straight
ugur 1. direction 2. trend 3.
list
ugurda 1. parallel 2. fair,
favorable
ugurlamak to agree upon,
arrange
ugurly good
ugursyz bad
ujypsyz insignificant, tiny
ukaz r. decree, edict
uklamak to sleep, fall asleep
ukol r. injection
ukrain r. Ukranian
uku yl sleepyhead
uky sleep, dream
ukyp 1. capability, talent,
ability
ukyply 1. capable, able 2.
talented, gifted
ukyplylyk ability
ulag transport
ulalmak 1. to magnify,
enlarge 2. to grow,
increase
ulaltmak 1. to increase,
make larger 2. to grow,
rear 3. to raise, promote 4.
to swell up, puff up,
exaggerate
ulanmak to use, utilize
ulgam ridge, geol. range
ullakan 1. big, heavy 2.
grownup
ululyk size, quantity
ulumsy snobby
ulumsylyk snobbiness
ulumsyramak to put on airs
uly 1. big in size, weighty 2.
much, big in number 3. old
4. significant, important 5.
long in duration
uly-ki i young and old
alike
ummasyz without end
umuman generally
umumy common
umumyhalk nationwide
umumyladyrmak to sum
up
umumylyk commoness,
community
umyt etmek to hope
umyt hope
un flour
unamak to find, come across
una noodle soup
uniwermag r. department
store
uniwersal r. universal
uniwersitet r. university
unutmak to forget
uprawleniaui r.
manager
uprawlenie r.
management
ur-tut at once
urgy blow, shock
urka y female
urmak to strike
urnamak to combine
urp-adat custom, habit
urujy fighter
urug genus, race
urunmak 1. to fight, beat 2.
to toss, jerk
uru 1. war 2. scuffle, fight
urumak 1. to struggle, fight
2. to wage war
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ussa master, craftsman

ussa ylyk mastery
ussahana studio, workshop
ussat craftsman, master
ussatlyk know-how,
mastery
ustaw r. statute, resolution,
charter
usul 1. manner, way 2.
method
usully careful
uak small, little, fine
uamak to become smaller
uatmak 1. to make smaller,
shallower 2. to exchange,
barter
utan
shame
utan syz shameless
utandyrmak to embarass, to
shame
utanja shy, bashful
utanjalyk shyness
utanmak to be shy, ashamed
of
utdurmak to lose
utgadyrmak to combine
utgamak to unite
utgayk united
utmak to win
utuk point, spot
utulmak to lose (a game)
utu winnings, profit
uwlamak to howl
uwlundyrmak to cause pain
ua sister
ualmak to be shamed
uamak to go sour
uan bridle
uanlamak to bridle
uat shame
ugunladyrmak to adapt
ugunlamak to get used to
ugur Uighur (nationality)
uluk pail
uzak 1. far, distant 2. long,
for a long time 3. whole,
intact
uzakladyrmak 1. to
postpone, put off 2. to
draw out, drag out
uzaklamak to become
distant, move away from
uzaklyk 1. length 2.
distance 3. longitude
uzalmak to be lengthened
uzaltmak 1. to lengthen 2.
to prolong
uzanmak to lie down, to go

to bed
uzatmak to stretch out,
extend
uzel r. junction, center
uzyn 1. long 2. tall 3.
protracted 4. sustained
uzynlyk 1. length 2.
longitude 3. extent
btk down, fluff
three
bur luk triangle
in for, intended for
lk three
nji third
flemek to blow, gust
lemek to divide, share
lje cherry
lke 1. region, land, country
2. fringe, edge, outskirt
li pattern
lpldemek to shine,
glitter, flash
l 1. lot, fate 2. part,
share, piece
mez fog
mezlemek to grow foggy,
dim
ndemek to put, place, set
njalmak to calm down,
subside, become quiet
nji unrest, trouble, anxiety
ns attention
ns bermek to pay attention
pjn 1. in full supply 2.
provided for, well-to-do
pjn ilik security
pjnetmek to supply,
provide
pjnlik prosperity
r etmek to fall into the
habit of
rgn dry
rkek timid, fearful
rkmek to be frightened, be
scared of
rkzmek to frighten, scare
sglewuk cough
sglewukli suffering from
a cough
sgrlewk cough
sgrmek to cough
st surface, top, upper part
st-ba clothing
stayr over, about, at, with
ste to boot, in addition
stesine to boot, in addition
sti bilen via, by way of
stn ykmak to win,
conquer, vanquish
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stnlik success,
achievement
stnlikli accomplished
emek to be cold, catch
cold
erilmek to be on the alert,
to be on one's guard
ertmek to prick up (one's
ears)
etmek to be cold
k sharpness, quick
wittedness
tmek to feel chilly
tmek to tear, pull out
tk r. iron (for clothing)
tklemek r. to iron
wemek to grind
wremek to rock
n sound, tone, tune
enmek to fear, be afraid
of
mele 1. crowd, mob,
throng 2. party, gathering
rmek to gather, collect
tgediji 1. to change (by
itself) 2. to spoil
tgeik 1. different 2.
particular, peculiar, special
tgeiklik 1. difference 2.
modification, alteration
tgetmek to change, alter,
modify
zei stirrup
zmek 1. to tear off, pluck
2. to extinguish, put out 3.
to interrupt
znksiz uninterrupted
ze enraged, furious
zelik rage, fury
zl-kesil resolute, firm,
decisive
zlmek 1. to tear off, pluck
2. to settle accounts with,
get even with 3. to break
off
zm grape
zm ilik grape
production
W
wada promise
wadalamak to make a pact,
negotiate
wadalayk treaty,
settlement
wagon r. wagon
wagy predatory
wagylar a brutal, bestial
wagt time
wagtal-wagtal from time to
time
wagtlayn temporary
wagtly-wagtynda at the
right time
wagtynda at the right time
wagyr noise
wagyrdamak to make noise
wagyz etmek to preach
wagyz-nesihat 1. directions,
instructions 2. sermon
wah oh! gosh!
waharman a kind of melon
wajyp important
waka event, situation
wakgyldamak to cluck (like
a chicken)
waktsina r. vaccine
wakyrdamak to belly-laugh
Walekimessalam "And
God's peace be with you!"
(formal reply to
Salamalekim)
walekimessalam response
to formal greetng
walla honestly
waluta r. currency
wanna r. bath
wakyrmak to wail
warak no-good, worthless
wariant r. variant
warkyldamak to croak
warsaky chatter, gossip
wasp description
watan country
watan y patriot
wa oh! oh boy! : Wa
wa wa != Oh my
goodness!
wakyrmak to cry out
wazypdamak to buzz
wazzyldy buzz, drone
we and
wehim terror
wejera shameful
wekil representative
weli but, but also
welosiped r. bicycle
welwet r. velvet
welur r. velour
wengr r. Hungary
wepa truth
wepaly true, honest
wepalylyk allegiance
wepat bolan deceased
wepat bolmak to die
wepat dead, finished
werdi adaptation: agyr ie
werdi boldim = I've
adapted to this difficult
work
wertikal r. vertical
wertolot r. helicopter
weset law
wesetnama will
(document)
wealka r. peg, rack
wee-wee very much
weteran r. veteran
weterinaria r. veterinary
weran ylykly ruined,
demolished
wezipe 1. task 2. position,
appointment, rank
w eek! (expresses surprise)
wgirmek to scream from
fright
wk ouch!
wi joker, jokingly
wilik lightheartedness
wiktorina r. quiz
wilka r. fork
witamin r. vitamin
witrina r. shop window
wi oh!
wizit r. visit, call
wodolaz r. diver
wodoprowod r. water pipe
wodorod r. hydrogen
wojaty r. guide
wokzal r. station (railway)
wolebol r. volleyball
r. doctor
wra
wulkan r. volcano
wyjdan conscience
wyklu atel r. switch
wympel r. pennant
wypiska r. copying,
excerpting
wyka r. turret, tower
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wyy-wyy whisper
wyyrdamak to whisper,
gossip
wznos r. payment, fee
wzwod r. platoon
a 1. or 2. "well, now"
abany 1. wild 2. out of
control
abyrmak to sew into
aby horse
ada or
adamak to tire, grow
weary
adatmak to tire out
adaw tired
adawlyk fatigue
adawsyz tireless, energetic
adro r. nuclear
adygr recollection,
memory
adygrlik 1. monument 2.
souvenir
adyrgamak to shun, avoid
ag oil (for cooking), grease
agda 1. situation,
condition 2. scenery 3.
atmosphere
agdalamak to operate,
function
aglamak to grease, oil
agly 1. oily 2. bun
aglyk scarf
agmak to precipitate
agmyr rain, precipitation
agny "that is to say..."
agy good
agylandyrmak to
improve
agylanmak to be
improved, grow more
beautiful
agylamak to be
improved, grow more
beautiful
agylyk benefit
agty well lit
agtygzin by daylight
agtylgy
star
agtylmak 1. to dawn 2. to
brighten
agtyltmak 1. to ellucidate
2. to illuminate
agtylyk 1. light 2. joy,
gladness, pleasure
agy enemy
agyn precipitation
agynly rainy
agyrni lik lining, support

agyrny back, spine
agy rain
agyly rainy
akymly nice, pleasant
akymsyz mean
akyn near
akynda the other day
alan false
alana
naked
alan y liar
alandan false
alkamak to pardon or
spare : tary alkasyn =
thank you
aly mistake
alydyrmak to confuse,
muddle, mix up
alymak to be mistaken
alpa momentary,
instantaneous
alpak 1. shallow 2. small,
petty
alpylda duran shiny,
brilliant
alpyldawuk brilliant,
sparkling, shining
alpyldy lustre, shine,
brilliance
alta still, idle, lazy
altaklamak to examine,
take a view of
altalyk stillness, idleness,
laziness
altanmak to be idle, lazy,
to tire
aly like
aly-la seems
alym-ulumetmek to
ingratiate
alyn flame
ama patch
amamak 1. to mend,
repair 2. to sharpen
aman 1. bad 2. very
amanlamak 1. to slander
2. to talk, say
amanlyk harm, damage,
detriment
amagan anew, once
again
amagandan anew, once
again
anamak 1. lean 2. to press
3. to oppress
anawu
handful
a echo
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aak cheek
ay akynda recently
ayja just now
ayltma
tongue-twister
ap ditch
apbaak slope, pitch
apbadyrmak to flatten
apbamak to flatten
apgy cover
apgyt slope, incline
aplamak to lean
aplanmak to lean against
apmak 1. to close 2. to
cover 3. to bake 4. to
enclose, affix 5. to finish, to
end
apon Japanese
aponia Japan
aprak leaf
apraklamak to be leafy,
grow leaves
apy I. slope II. lid, cover
apyk 1. closed 2. covered,
enclosed
apynja cape, cloak
apydyrmak to stick
(something into something
else)
apymak 1. to stick to,
hold fast to 2. to be pasted
to
ar beloved
ara wound
arag weapon
araglandyrmak to arm
someone
araglanmak to take up
arms, arm oneself
aragly armed
aragsyzlandyrmak to
disarm
aragsyzlanmak to lay
down arms
aralamak to wound
araly 1. wounded 2. adj.
wound
aramak to like
aramaz bad, useless
aramazlamak to
deteriorate, worsen
aramly 1. suitable, good,
fit 2. useful, helpful
aran adherent, supporter,
partisan
aranja toady, lickspittle,
sycophant
aranjalyk sycophancy
aranlyk friendship
aranmak to please
aradyrmak to reconcile
(others to others)
aramak to make up
(become friends)
arayk peace,
reconciliation
aratmak to use, employ
arawsyzlyk painfulness,
morbidity, sickness
ardam aid, help
ardam etmek to help
arma grits, groats
armak 1. to cut up 2. to
blow up, explode
armamak to climb
arpy half
arsmak 1. to be warped 2.
to be offended, disgusted
artma
cut, section, angle
arty half
ary gije midnight
ary half
aryk fissure, crack, crevice
arylma explosion
arylmak 1. to crack, split
2. to explode
arym half
arymada peninsula
ary race, competition
arymak to race, compete
asama artificial, false,
imitation
asamak to craft, make
asajy master, craftsman
asli r. 1. day care center
2. crib, manger
assanmak to lean on one's
elbows
assyk pillow
asy flat
asylamak to flatten
a 1. age 2. young 3.
teardrop
aamak to live
aarmak to water
aay life, living
ada person of the same
age
alyk youth
amak "yashmak",
traditional bridal mouth
covering
aik r. case, chest, box
auly elder
ayl green
ayrmak to conceal, hide

ayryn secret, stealthy,
vague
at I. mind II. 1. alien,
foreign
ata stagnant
atak 1. bread 2. stall for
animals
atakhana hostel, home
atalatmak to remind
atdan ykarmak to forget
atlamak to remember
atmak to lie down, sleep
atymlayn 1. overnight 2.
daily, a day's
atyrlma abolition
atyrmak to abolish
az spring
azdyrmak 1. to unbutton,
unfasten 2. to lower,
launch, set loose, slacken
azgarmak to accuse of,
charge with
azgy 1. entry, registration,
record 2. note, sign,
inscription
azgyt fate
azlamak to lead, guide,
conduct
azlyk adj. summer, spring
azma a cursive,
handwriting
azmak I. to lay down;
write II. to become loose,
unfastened III. 1. to spread
2. to smooth, iron, press
azuw writing
azyjy writer
azyk sin
azykly guilty
azyksyz innocent
azyksyzlyk innocence
azylmak to subscribe
azylysyk subscription
edi seven
edigen : Uli edigen = Big
Dipper : Ki i edigen =
Little Dipper
edilik a "seven" (i.e. used
for a bus number)
edinji seventh
efretor mil. lancecorporal
egen 1. nephew 2. niece
egen i niece
egsan etmek to destroy;
obliterate
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egermek to bend; flex

ek-tk rarely
eke 1. alone 2. lone; only
eke- k alone
eke-tk one and only
eke-eke one by one
ekebara personal
ekedaban sledgehammer
ekelemek to thin out
ekelein by the piece
ekelik 1. one (the number)
2. oneness
ekemen unsociable;
solitary
ekesiremek to feel the
same
ekenbe Sunday
el wind
ele leeward; out of the
wind
elejiretmek to air out
elejirp gelmek to stroll
in the open air
elejirmek to be aired out
elek feather
elekli feathered
elgin gust of wind
elgine 1. carried by the
wind 2. fig. in the throes
(of something)
elim glue
elimlemek 1. to glue 2. to
seal
elin gozgamak to lactate
elken n. sail
elkenli adj. sail, sailing:
elkenli gayk = a sail
boat
ellenmek 1. to be bloated;
troubled with gas 2. to be
swollen
elli windy
elmemek to glue; attach
with glue; seal with glue
elmemek to be glued;
attached with glue
elpemek to fan
n. fan (for
elpewa
fanning)
emlemek to stick
emermek to be dented;
pressed in
emertmek to dent; press
in
emik 1. dented 2.
flattened
en mek to beat up; beat

on
ene 1. again; once more 2.
and even more; and
furthermore : hi zat bile
ok, ene wnen bolarsy
= You know nothing and
you even brag about it
e sleeve
e e 1. the back of the
head 2. the back end, rear
part (of something) 3. used
as a preposition: yesesine
ge mek = to move back
eiji victor; winner
eil 1. light 2. simple 3.
fig. easy 4. fig. weak
eilkelle lightwited;
airheaded
eilkellelik stupidity;
vapidity
eilledirmek to simplify;
easy
eillik privilege; ease
eilmek to lose (a game or
contest)
eilmez invincible
ei victory
elemek to become easier;
lighter
elenmek to shake hands
elemek to become
easier; lighter
eletmek to lighten
elik a cushion-like mitt
used when baking Traditional
Turkmen bread in a clay oven
emek to defeat; conquer;
be victorious
ee
epbedirmek to stuff;
make bulging
epbeik flabby;
overstuffed
er 1. place 2. land 3.
earth, ground 4. Earth 5.
place, position, duty 6.
sleeping area
er ary globe
er titremesi earthquake
erasty underground
erdeikli comfortably
eri well; so : eri nme
atmak y? = Well, what
would you like to say?
erine in place of
erine etirmek to
complete
erlemek to be settled, to
make a place home
erledirmek 1. to lay,
place 2. to accomodate,
lodge, place
erlemek 1. to be situated,
located 2. to enter into, be
placed in 3. to be staying
(at)
erlemek to be situated, to
get situated
erli local
erlikli appropriate,
apropos
erliksiz inappropriate
erzemin basement
eser gzler shifty eyed
esir captive, prisoner
esirlik captivity
eterlik enough
etginjek juvenille,
adolescent
etginjeklik adolescence
etim orphan
etiik progress
etiikli successful,
efficient
etiiksiz inefficient,
unsuccessful
etimek I. to be on time, to
make (a train, plane) II. 1.
to ripen, mature 2. to reach
a marriagable age
etmek to suffice
etmez ilik insufficient,
unsuitable
etmi seventy
etenlik maturity
gjarmak to shine
igdelmek to grow or look
younger
igit fellow
igitlik youth, adolescence
igren
hatred
igrenji repugnant, hateful,
disgusting
igrenmek to hate, despise
igrimi twenty
igriminji twentieth
ilik bone marrow
iteltmek to sharpen
itgi loss, waste
iti 1. sharp 2. poignant,
penetrating 3. quick-witted
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4. slim, slender 5. caustic,

venomous
itigsi dim, dull, dead
itilemek to become
aggravated, strained
itirim bolmak to vanish,
be lost, go missing
itirmek 1. to lose, give up
2. to spend, waste
itmek 1. to go missing 2.
to vanish, disappear
oda tropic, tropical
ogsa or else, otherwise
ogsa-da by the way
ogyn wide, thick
ok no, not present
okan
infectious
okan ly infectious
okarky top, upper
okarlanmak to raise, bring
up
okarlygyna 1. above, over
the top 2. to the east
okarsyna above
okary 1. above, on top 2.
tall 3. high, high up 4.
senior
okary ykmak to climb
oklamak to put
okluk 1. absence 2.
poverty
okmak 1. to come off 2. to
get better (of a patient
recovering from an illness)
3. fig. to be healthy (of
food)
oknasyz incessant
okumly helpful
okundy plank, layer
oku degmek to be
unpleasant (of words or
actions)
oku grmek to be
offended
oku sz atmak to say
unpleasant words
okumak 1. to come off 2.
to get better (of a patient
recovering from an illness)
3. fig. to be healthy (of
food)
ol 1. road, path, way 2.
course, system 3. means,
method 4. purpose
ola time, repetition
olag y passenger
olbars lion
olba y leader
olba ylyk leadership
olda friend, companion,
ally, partner
olgalmak to be finished,
used up
olka r. evergreen tree
ollamak to send
olmak 1. to pluck, strip off
2. to cut off
olmalamak to pluck out
olukmak to meet someone
olunmak to be broken, to
cut off
omak pun
onmak to shave, plane off
onuga shaving, filing
o cold, chill, fever
olamak to catch a cold
orelmek to creep, crawl
organ quilt
organ-dek bedding
orka film, coating
orkaryk above
orunja clover
owar community aid,
assistance
owuz hard
omak to distort,
misconstrue
ne I. 1. gratis, free, for
nothing 2. just, only,
simply so II. but, however
neke 1. simple, easy 2.
plain, humble
nekme subject (of a
sentence)
neli turn
nelmek to head for, turn
for
keme face, countenance
kemek to denegrate,
slander
relge 1. path 2. tradition
remek 1. to walk, go 2. to
advance, move forward
retmek 1. to establish 2.
to conduct, guide
rgnli 1. popular 2.
marketable, saleable
ri 1. gait 2. pace, speed
rite special
rite special
ritelesdirmek to
specialize in
rmek modal verb (see
appendix for usage examples)
r march, campaign
ubile r. jubilee
ubka r. skirt
uka 1. thin, slender,
delicate 2. tender,
sentimental
uka rek good-natured,
tender-hearted
ukalmak to refine
ukalyk thinness
umak skein, claw, tangle
ummak to close
umralmak to round off
umruk fist
umruklamak to make a
fist
umruklamak to fist-fight
umrulmak to destroy,
demolish
umak 1. soft 2. loose,
crumbly 3. gentle, meek
umaklyk 1. softness,
gentleness 2. looseness
umamak 1. to soften 2. to
loosen
umurmak to destroy,
demolish
umurtga egg
umurtgalamak to lay eggs
umu duty, errand
urt land, nation
uwan liquid, watery,
sparse, weak
uwa 1. quiet 2. slowly
uwaamak 1. to cram in,
stuff 2. to reduce
uwaatmak to diminish,
reduce
uwalyk humility,
meekness
uwdum a swallow
uwdunmak to swallow
uwgurmak to knead
uwmak to wash
uwmarlamak to smooth
out
uwundy slops, garbage,
dust
uwundyrmak to wash
uwunmak to wash oneself
uwutmak to swallow
k 1. load, freight, cargo
2. duty, service
k i loader
klemek 1. to load up 2.
to entrust with
kli loaded
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ksz empty
wool
p string, yarn
pek silk
pek i one who works
with silk
pek ilik silk production
plk adj. cotton yarn
rege dmek to annoy,
bother
regine dwmek to
decide (set your heart)
rek 1. heart 2. soul,
mind, disposition
rek gysmak to miss
rek heart
rekde affectionate,
intimate
rekdelik intimacy
rekli bold, courageous
reklilik courage,
boldness
rkese edinmek to bite,
have a snack
wrk deft, nimble, quick
wse thimble
wrji brother-in-law
wrmek to be victorious
over, to vanquish
z I. 1. face 2. surface 3.
side 4. edge II. one
hundred
z tutmak to turn to, to
appeal to, to apply for
ze ykmak to arise
zin prone
zlenme conversion,
transformation
zlenmek 1. to turn to,
address 2. to direct, refer,
send, assign
zle 1. small, petty 2.
superficial
zlk one hundred
zmek to swim
zgaralyk shame,
disgrace
zji swimmer
zk ring
znji one hundredth
ygjam dense
ygjamlatmak to speed up,
make more frequent
ygmak to pick, gather
ygnak gathering
ygnamak 1. to gather,
collect 2. to concentrate,
store up 3. to pile up, pack

up, clean up, tidy up
ygnanmak 1. to be
collected 2. to amass
ygnanyyk 1. collection,
gathering, harvest 2. party,
gathering
ygnadyrmak to tidy up
ygra shy, timid
ygralyk shyness, timidity
ygren
hateful
ygrenmek to hate
ygrykmak to become
embarassed, perplexed
ygrylmak 1. to shrink, be
shy 2. to waver
ygyrmak to hide, conceal
ygy thick, dense, deep
ygy-ygydan often
ygyjy I. 1. typesetter,
compositor 2. collector II.
harvesting, harvest
ygym collection, gathering
ygym y collector
ygyndy I. collector II.
selection
ygyrmak 1. to crumple,
twist, wrinkle 2. to draw in
ygyrt wrinkled
ykgyn ylyk sabotage,
diversion
ykmak to destroy,
demolish, knock down,
overthrow
ykylmak 1. to fall 2. to die
3. to be ruined, wrecked
ykyrdamak to chuckle
yl year
ylamak to warm up, heat
up
ylan snake
ylatmak to warm, heat
yldan frisky
yldan-yla from year to
year
yldanlyk friskiness
yldyramak to sparkle,
glitter, flash
yldyrawuk sparkly,
glittery
yldyrym
akmak lightning to
strike
yldyrym lightning
yldyz star
ylgyrmak to smile
ylgyrys smile
yllyk 1. annual 2.
anniversary
ylmamak to cut, hew
ylmanak smooth
ylpyldamak to twinkle
ylpyldy 1. light 2. blaze,
flash
ylsayn year by year
yly pleasant, warm
ylylyk 1. warmth 2.
temperature
ylynmak to warm up, heat
yly-ylyna from year to
year
yrarmak to grin, smile
yrtmak to tear off, break
off
yrtyjy 1. beast 2. predator
3. bird of prey
yrtyk 1. torn, broken,
ripped 2. slit, torn
yrtylmak to tear, be torn
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Y
ybadathana 1. council, diet
2. cathedral
ybarat bolmak to consist
ybarat comprised of
ydysat y economist
ygal rain, precipitation
ygally rainy
yglan etme announcement
yglanetmek to declare
ygyldamak to rustle
ygyldy rustle
ygtyar permission, license
ygtyarly entitled
ygtyarsyz 1. without
permission 2. against one's
will
yhlas zeal
yhlasly zealous, eager
yk leeward
ykbal fate
ykdysady economy
ykdysadyet economics
ykjam strong, hearty, firm,
robust, solid
ykjamak 1. to sway, swing,
flicker 2. to shake, rattle,
rock
ykjamlamak to gather,
collect
yklamak to take shelter
ykmak to linger, loaf
around
ykmanda tramp, vagabond
ykrar etmek to recognize
ykyrdamak to crunch,
gnash, creak
ykyrdy creak, scratch
ylaladyrmak to reconcile
ylalamak to agree, make
up, be reconciled
ylalayksyz disagreeable
ylalyyk harmony,
agreement
ylata particularly
ylgamak to run
ylgamak to run
ylgaw run, running, escape
ylham inspiration
ylmy scientific
ylym science, knowledge
ylymly educated
ymam pilgrim (one who has

made the trip to Mecca)
ymarat building
ymgyr boundless, unlimited
ymtylmak 1. to desire, long
for 2. to aspire, strive to
ymykly 1. serious 2. final,
definitive
ynam belief
ynamly 1. reliable,
dependable, sure 2. firm,
steady, confident 3.
trustworthy
ynan
belief
ynandyrmak to convince
ynandyryjy convincing,
urgent
ynanja trusting,
confidential
ynanmak to believe, to trust
ynjalyk rest, repose, peace,
calm
ynjalykly comfortable
ynjalyksyzlandyrmak to
alarm, disquiet
ynjalyksyzlanmak to be
anxious, to worry
ynjalyksyzlyk unrest
ynjamak to be afflicted,
distressed
ynjatmak to grieve
ynjyk 1. capricious,
whimsical 2. tender, fond,
delicate, soft, sentimental
yns-jyns nothing, no one
ynsan human
ynsanyet humanity
ynsap 1. conscience 2.
justice, truth
ynsaply 1. conscientious 2.
just, fair, true, right
ynsapsyz 1. unconscious 2.
unjust, unfair, untrue
ynsapsyzlyk 1.
unconsciousness 2.
unfairness
yyldamak to whine,.
snivel
yyldy whine
yralamak to swing, rock
yramak to swing, rock
yranmak to swing, rock
yra atmak to swing, rock
yrga rolling, pitching
yrgyldamak to vibrate,
move
yrgyldatmak to vibrate,
oscillate
yrgyldy oscillation,
vibration
yrmak to bend, incline
yrsaramak to find fault with
yra loss, waste
ys odor, smell, aroma
ysgamak to smell
ysgyn strength, power,
force, might
ysgynsyzlanmak to tire, lose
energy
ysgynsyzlyk feebleness,
weakness
yslanan rotten
ysly aromatic
ysmanak spinach
ysnymak to become friends
ysnyyk closeness
(emotional)
yssy hot
yssylamak to get hot, heat
up
ysygra earrings
ysytma fever, malaria
y crevice, slit, crack
yk love
yyk light
yyklamak to spy, peep
yyklandyrmak to touch up,
brush up, refresh
yz 1. trace 2. backside, rear,
base 3. close by
yza ache, pain
yzaly painful
yzarlamak 1. to track down
2. to trace, follow, look
after, watch
yzgar moisture
yzgarly humid, damp
yzgyt caress, affection
yzlamak to whine, snivel
yzly-yzynda successively,
one after the other
yzy bilen right after,
behind, following
yzygideri consistent,
successively
yzynda behind
yzzat reverence, respect,
awe
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Z
zabt etmek to invade, attack
zabun cruel
za ot r. exam
zag crow, raven
zagyrdamak to shake,
tremble
zakaz r. order, command
zakazno by order, by
command
zakyja jackdaw
zal r. hall
zalym tyrant, tyrannical
zalymlyk tyranny
zaman epoch, era, time
zam a type of melon
zamun bail, surety,
guarantee
zapas r. storage, savings,
back-up
zaply 1. strong 2. swift,
sudden
zapowednik r. preserve,
reserve
zar die, dice
zarba swift attack, blitzkreig
zarbykdyrmak to wound, to
inflict harm
zarbykmak to be hurt, to be
inflamed
zaryldamak to call, ring
zarp strength, force, power
zarp y battler, fighter
zarplandyrmak to
strengthen
zarplanmak to be
strengthened
zaradi r. 1. charge
(electric) 2. cartridge,
ammunition
zaradka r. 1. drill, exercise
2. loading, charging
zaradlamak to load, to
charge
zaryn mournful, sad,
plaintive
zarynlamak to mourn
zastawa r. outpost
zat thing
zawod r. factory
zaa spoiled
zaa ylyk rotteness
zaalamak to pollute, spoil
zaalamak to spoil, ruin

zaalanan spoiled
zaalanmak to spoil, go
bad
zaawka r. claim, demand
zaleek to dampen, liquify,
moisturize
zaom r. loan
zehin talent, gift
zehinli talented, gifted
zehinsiz untalented
zelel harm
zelelli harmful
zemzen giant lizard
zenzele noise, racket
zerarly because
zergr jeweler
zerrin bolmak to be stuffed
(from eating)
zerur necessary
zerurlyk need
ze dampness, moisture
zeilli such
zeren
complaint
zerenmek to complain
zetin olive
zherli poisonous
zhmet labor
zibil litter, trash, garbage
zna ok r. sign
zogdyrylmak to spurt, gush,
rush out
zol all the time, constantly
zolak 1. bar 2. band, belt,
strip
zolakly striped
zoluk compulsion
zomamak to go, to press
forward, to push
zomp edip ykak to jump
out, to spring forth
suddenly
zompa suddenly
zona r. zone
zoologik r. zoological
zoologia r. zoology
zor 1. strong 2. force,
forceful
zoraakdan by force,
forcibly
zordan with effort
zorlamak to compell, to
force
zowlatmak to shout, cry out
zowwam straight, through
zowzuldamak to worry
zmmek pointed, conical
zrletmek to howl
zwwe immediately,
without delay
zulum opression, tyranny
zut ga yp gitmek to run
away
zwwetdin coward
zweno r. a link, section, row
zynjyr chain
zymak to throw
zyan harm
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A
a bir
a little biraz, alaja, shel, azoblak, birazajyk
a lot kn, kp, san-sajak, sansyzsanjak-syz, en eme, gerk-gbe
a lot of kp lik, topbak
A student blik
ability baarnyklyk, gurbat,
gurp, ukyplylyk, ukyp
able baarnykly, gurbatly, kde,
gurplanmak, gurply, ukyply
abnormal umro
abode mesgen
abolish gobolsun etmek,
syndyrmak, synmak,
atyrmak
abolition atyrlma
about barada, hakynda,
takmyn, stayr, gola
above dagyn, okarlygyna,
okarsyna, okary, orkaryk
abrasion dyrna ak
absence okluk, propusk(r)
absent-minded slpi
absolute hyryn-dykyn, tmmek
absolute pitch owaza
absolutely dbnden
absolutely dry gus-gury
absorb sidirmek, sormak
absorbant cotton pamyk
abstract kospekt(r),
kospektirlemek(r)
absurd bolgusyz
abundance bereket
abundant bereketli, bolu lyk,
barly
abuse sgmek
abusive pay
accelerate tizledirmek,
altlandyrmak
accent iwe
accept kabul etmek
acceptable makul
accident betbagtlyk
accidental ttnlein
accomodate erledirmek
accomplish tamamlanmak
accomplished stnlikli
accordance kybap, layklyk
accordant sazlayk
accordian garmon(r)
according to boun a
account hasap
account of hasabat
accountant hasap y

accuracy mergenlik
accurate rejeli
accusative (gram.) aypgy
accuse of azgarmak
ache yza, syrkyramak,
syzlamak, syrkawlamak
achievement stnlik
acid kislota(r)
acquaint tanydyrmak
acquaintance belet ilik, tanybili, tanylyk
acquainted belet
acquire adykmak
acrobat akrobat(r)
action amal, perde
active aktiw(r), janly
activity i
actor aktor(r), artist(r)
actual indiki
adapt adatlanmak,
ugunladyrmak
adaptation werdi
add gatmak, gomak
add a layer gatlamak
add on gomak
addition goma a
address adres(r), ykyw,
jarnama, zlenmek
adherent aran
adjective sypat
adjoining gary
admiral admiral(r)
admire haran galmak
admirer mu dak
admit boun almak
admonition twella, pent
adolescence etginjeklik,
juwanlyk, igitlik
adolescent etginjek
adopted we
adopted child ogullyk
adorn nagylamak, haamlamak
adornment haam, a
akgan
adroit
akganlyk
adroitness
ozmak, remek
advance
advance in
pregnancy agralmak
advantage bhbit, nebis
adverb ahwalet
adversary garyda
advertisement reklama(r)
advice gee, maslahat, sala,
sowet(r), habardar
advise geemek
adviser maslahat y
advisors wt-nesihat
aesthetic estetik(r)
aesthetics estetika(r)
affability mylakat
affable hoama, mylakatly
affair i
affect degirmek
affection hre-ke, yzgyt
affectionate rekde
affirmative polahitel(r)
affix affiks(r)
African afrikaly
after soraundan, so
afternoon le, le/ln,
ln
kndi
aftertaste
again baryp, tzeden, ene,
gatandan, ikilen
against gabat, gary, tersine
against one's will ygtyarsyz
age garrylyk, gojalyk, a,
garramak, (said of men)
gojamak
aged garry
agenda gn tertibi
alasyn
agile
alasynlyk
agility
agitate tolgundyrmak
agitation tolgunyyk
ago mundan ,
agree olamak, razylamak,
ylalamak
agree upon ugurlamak
agree with gwnamek
ekimiz, razy
agreeable
agreement ylalyyk, razlyk
agressor basybalyjy
agriculture ekeran ylyk, oba
hojalygy
ah! h
ah! I see!
aha! aha
aid ardam, dalda, goldaw,
hara, hemaat, goldamak
aim maksat, gezemek, gz
nde tutmak
aim at dogrulamak
aimless pewagtna
air asman, howa, emallatmak
air out elejiretmek
airheaded eilkelle
airplane samolot(r), u ar
airs howala
alarm howsala, trewoga(r),
rahatsyzlandyrmak,
ynjalyksyzlandyrmak
alarmed rahatsyzlanmak
alarming howsalaly
akyr
alcohol
alcoholic drink i gi
alert syn y, hgr, howsala,
hgr, trewoga(r)
alertness hgrlik
alien at
alive diri, diriligene, janly
all barha, bary, hli, hemme,
tkel, her, em
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all day gnaa, gnzin
all in all bary-ogy
all of a sudden birdenka, tapba
all one's life lin a
all the time zol
Allah huda
allegiance wepalylyk
alley skwar(r)
allow speak gepletmek
ally olda
almost dien aly, takmynan,
tas, takmyn
alone eke, eke- k, tk
along boun a
alphabet elipbi
alphabet book harplyk
alphabet letter harp
already I era eam
also hem
alter tgetmek, zgertmek
alteration tgeiklik
alterations zgerilik
altercation tersleik
alternate gezeklemek
always elmydam, elmydama,
hemie, mydama, hern
amass ygnanmak
amateur wrenje
amateurs hwesjeler
amazing tsin
ambassador il i
amiable mylakatly
ammendment dzedi
ammunition ok-dari, zaradi(r)
amount mukdar, san, pylan a
amuse gmemek
amusement hezillik
amusing gmenje
analysis derew
anchor labyr
ancient gadym, gojaman, goja
and we
and even more ene
and with that... galyberse-de
anecdote orta sz
anew gatandan, tze e,
amagan, amagandan,
tzeden
angel peride
anger gazap, gahar getirmek,
gatyrganmak
angle bur , k, artma
angry gazaply, gyyr, gaharjan
animal hawan,
sdemdirijiler
animal breeder maldar
animal food im
animal skin ham
animosity duman ylyk
ankle topuk
anniversary yllyk

announcement bildiri, yglan
etme
annoy irizmek, rege dmek
annoyance gikilewik
annual yllyk
annul syndyrmak
anonymous anonom
another zge
answer jogap, jogap bermek
answer correctly drs jogap
bermek
ant garynja
antiquity gadymy
anxiety howatyr, nji
anxious rahatsyzlanmak
any isln, kes
anything nmede bolsa bir zat
apartment kwartira(r)
ape mamyn
apologize tunmenk
apology tn , tn
apparent belki
appeal jarnama, ikaat
appeal to z tutmak
appear grnmek, sekmek
appear in the
distance magallaklamak
appear suddenly inmek
appearance mysala, sypat,
syrat, grn, kysym, sypat,
kep
append gomak
appendage goma a
appendix goma a
appetite id
applaud el arpmak
arpyyk
applause
apple alma
apply for z tutmak
appointment wezipe
appraise nyrhlamak
appreciation minnetdarlyk
appreciative minnetdar
apprehension howatyr
apprentice girt
apprenticeship girtlik,
taglymat, tlim
approach ebete, emelemek,
golalamak
approimately takmyn
appropriate layk, erlikli
approval synag, tekge
approve of makullamak
apricot erik
apricot pit tow a
apron fartuk(r)
apropos erlikli
aquire kuwwatlanmak
arbitrariness eden-etdilik
archeological arheologik(r)
archeologist arheolog(r)
archeology arheolog(r)
architecture arhitektura(r)
archive arhiw(r)
ardour howur
area medan a
ekelemek, dawalamak,
argue
jedellemek, (with someone)
jetlemek
argument jedel, tutaryk, dawa
argumentative dawaly, jedilli
arid gurak
arise dremek, ze ykmak
arm gol
arm oneself araglanmak
arm someone araglandyrmak
Armanian ermeni(r)
armed aragly
armfull gujak
armless golsuz, golak
armpit goltuk
army goun
aroma ys
aromatic hobo, ysly
arouse interest
in hweslendirmek
arrange ugurlamak, szlemek
klenmek
arranged
arrest tussag etmek
arrested person tussag
arrive gelmek, emelemek
arrogance gedemlik, tekepbirlik
arrogant gopbamsy, gedam,
gompy, tekepbir
arrow ok
art sungat, eper ilik
artery damar
eper
artful
len(r), madda, (of
article
magazine) makala
artifice pirim
artificial emeli, asama
artificial limb protez(r)
artillery artilleria(r)
artilleryman top y
artist artist(r), hudonik(r),
surat y, hnrment
artless gwna yk
as hkmnde, dek
as before kne e
as far as
possible mmkingadar
as if go, gz, hamala
as it were hamala, hern
as much as is needed geregi e
as one birlikde
as soon as dessine
as such hol, ele-de, tsli,
bele
as though go, hamala
as yet entek
as you would (pl.) sizing e
ash-pit (of a furnace) krk
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ashamed of utanmak
ashes kl
ashtray kldan
ask egermek, dilemek,
soramak, soramak, intgemek
ask for hay etmek
ask someone a
question soramak
asphalt asfalt(r)
aspire ymtylmak
assault tutnak
assemble toplanmak
assembly gurulta, montaA(r)
assess nyrhlamak
assignment komandirowka(r)
assimilate zledirmek
assist arkalamak
assistance owar
assistant assistent(r), kmek i,
laborant(r)
association bileleik
aklamak, enlemek
assume
asthma demgysma
astonishment haran
astronaut komonawt(r)
astronomer astronom(r)
astronomy astronomia(r)
at golaynda, stayr
at attention smirno(r)
at dawn dadan
at fault mnli
at first rti
at last te-ahyr
at once derrew, ur-tut
at present hzir
at random olamazdan
at the right time wagtlywagtynda, wagtynda
at the very beginning ozalynda
at the wrong time biwagt
at will isleg boun a
athletics atletika(r)
atlas(r) atlaz
atmosphere atmosfera(r)
atom atom(r)
attach with glue elmemek
attached with glue elmemek
attack jenaat ylyk, hjm,
jabjynmak, kakyn, zabt etmek,
aralamak
attacker jenaeakr
attain success rowa lanmak
attempt synanyyk, dyrjamak,
synanmak
attend gatnamak
attention dykgat, garayk, ns
attentively sie
attitude garay
attitudes otnoenie(r)
attract ze ekmek

attractive grnkli
audience dileji
auditiorium auditoria(r)
aunt daza
authentic htibar
authority at-abra, hkimiet
automobile mayn
autumn gz
available nagt
avaracious husyt
avenue prospekt(r)
average orta al
avoid ga alaklamak,
adyrgamak, ga a durmak,
ga gakmak, ga alak etmek
avoidance ga alga
awake oa, turmak
awaken oarmak
awe yzzat
awkward emelsiz,
mnrgemek
awkwardness emelsizlik
awl biz
awning bassyrma, telr
axe palta
axis ok
B
baby bala, bbek, prezent
baby donkey tahar
baby goat owlak
bachelor sallah
wre, geri, agyrny,
back
(adj.) syrtky, (physical) arka
back of a horse/donkey sagry
back-up zapas(r)
backside syrt, yz
bacteria bakteria(r)
bad bet, erbet, myrtar, pis,
ugursyz, aman, aramaz
bad feelings jetlik
bad luck betbagt
badger torsuk
badness betlik, erbetlik
bag bukja, sumka(r), torba
baggage bagaj(r)
bail zamun
bake pe etmek, apmak
baked meat pie i lekli, i lik
balance terezi, talamak
balcony balkon(r)
bald sakar kelle
ball pkgi, ar(r), top
ballet balet(r)
ballistic ballistik(r)
balloon howa ary
banal len bolmak
band zolak
bandage sarag
bandit galtaman, garak y
aslyk, ayk
bandy-legged
banister tutawa
bank bank, seer
emen
banquet wreath
bar zolak
baracade barrikada(r)
barb tiken
barbarism gerbari(r)
barbed tikenli
barber dellek
barber shop dellekhana
barefoot aakalaa
bargain swdalamak
bark gabyk
barley arpa
barren gysyr
barrier barer(r)
alyrmak, alymak
barter
base baza(r), esas, dp, tyl
basement erzemin, podwal(r)
bashful utanja
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basic esasy
basically esasan
basin legen, tayr
basis esas, fundament(r)
basket kuzow(r)
baste kklemek
basting kk
bath wanna(r)
bath-house hammam
battallion batalion(r)
battery batarea(r)
battle swe
battler zarp y
ygyrmak
bawl
bay (color of a horse) dor
bayonet naza
bazaar bazar
be bolmak
be able to kdelemek, bilmek,
edip bilmek, baarmak
be absorbed simek
be afflicted ynjamak
be afraid emenmek,
namartlamak, gorkmak,
ekinmek, enmek,
haykmak, okuldamak
be aired out emallamak,
elejirmek
be alerted kekertmek,
zgermek
be amused gmenmek
be angry hyrsyzlanmak,
sortdurmak
be annoyed hyrsyy dilemek
be anxious ynjalyksyzlanmak
be at the end srenjen,
srenmek
be bankrupt tozmak
be beautified owadanlanmak
be bent bklmek, egrelmek
be bloated ellenmek
be born dogulmak, dn
inmek, nmek
be broken olunmak
be burned up kmek
be bursting dyzamak
be capricious nzirgemek
be captivated grma bolmak
be careful g bolmak
be chosen salanmak
be cleaned saplanmak
be cold emek, etmek
be collected ygnanmak
be compatible oumak
be
ylyrymladyr
complicated
mak
be concealed gizlemek
be cooked bimek
be coupled with garpymak
be courteous salykatly

be covered with
mist nemjiremek
be dampened nemlenmek
be dazed gamamak
be defeated basylmak
be delayed tsgenmek,
eglenmek
be dented emermek
agsamak,
be destroyed
opurylmak
be detained gmenmek
be digested simek
be directed emek, gnmek
be disappointed lapyke
bolmak
be disgusted gamamak
be disheveled imemek
be dispirited lapyke bolmak
be divided palanmak
be driven crazy bizar bolmak
be drizzled siitli
be dumb-founded smelmek
be empty takyramak
be engaged (in) megullanmak
be entitled to hakly bolmak
be eroded oburylmak
be eyes and ears) gz-gulak
bolmak
be faced with du ar bolmak,
du bolmak
be fallen ilmek
be fascinated with gyzmak
be fed imitlenmek
be fermented ajamak
be fervoured gyzykmak
be filled dolmak
be finished tkenmek,
olgalmak
be firm ersmek
be flipped over dnmek
be fond of gowy grmek
be found tapylmak, ogua
be founded on esasanlamak
be fragrant kkemek
be frightened rkmek,
hopukmak
be frosty jybarlamak
be frozen domak
be fulfilled bitmek
be glad mon a bolmak
be glued elmemek
be going (on a regular
basis) gatnamak
be guided gollanmak
be hackneyed len bolmak
be hairy tjermek
be hanging asylyp durmak
be happy snmek
be hardened taplanmak
be heard owazlanmak,
seslenmek
be hooked iltemek
be housed jalamak
be hunched over kkermek

be hung sallanmak
be hungry ajykmak
be hurt zarbykmak
be idle altanmak
be ill hassalamak, kesellemek,
nsag bolmak, syrkawlamak
be improved agylanmak,
agylamak
be in order hatarlamak
be in short supply gytalmak
be inflamed zarbykmak
be insecure aljyramak
be interested gyzyklanmak
be interesting to gyzykdyrmak
be introduced to tanymak
etlemek
be isolated
be jealous imtilmek, gabanmak
be knotted dwlmek
be late gijikmek
be lazy igildi, irinmek
be leafy apraklamak
be leaning senmek
be led eermek
be lengthened uzalmak
be lifted galmak
be lost itirim bolmak,
ga gakmak
be made of edilmek
be made well abadanlamak
be mistaken alymak
be mixed bulanmak, garymak
be noted tapawutlanmak
be numb su goamak
be occupied
(with) megullanmak
be offended gwnne
degilmek, kemsinmek,
kelemek, torsarmak, oku
grmek, arsmak
agsamak
be old
be on one's guard erilmek
be on the alert erilmek
be on time etimek
be oppressed ezilmek
klenmek
be organized
be out of breath daljykmak
be parted dyr-pytrak bolmak,
apymak
be placed goulmak
be poured out dklmek
be prim eljiremek
be propped up direnmek
be protected barynmak,
goranmak
be proud busanmak,
guwanmak
be proven subut bolmak
be provoked hekgermek
be pushed in dyknymak
be put together guranmak
be quarrelsome igenmek
be quiet dymmak
www.chaihana.com
be ratified tassyklanmak
be reconciled ylalamak
be rectified dzelmek
be regarded hasaplanmak
be related garyndasyramak
be repeated gatalanmak
zlmek
be resolved
be right against galtadyrmak
be ruined bozylmak, ykylmak
be satisfied kanagatlanmak, o
mak
be scared of rkmek
be settled erlemek
be shaken titretmek
be shamed ualmak
be shortened keltelmek
be shy ygrylmak, utanmak
be situated erlemek
be snoopy sokgarylmak
be soaked sllmba
be spoiled ajamak
ermek, durmak
be still
be straightened up dogralmak
be strengthened zarplanmak
be stuffed (from eating) zerrin
bolmak
be supported barynmak
be surprised geirgenmek
be sweet sjemek
be swollen ellenmek
be taken with deprenmek
be the first rtmek
be thirsty suwsamak,
suwsamak
be tightened bzlmek
be tired irmek, pete etmek
be torn yrtylmak
be tortured surnukmak
be uncaring dzmek
be united birlemek
be unpleasant oku degmek
be unsettled gorsanmak
be upset perian bolmak,
rahatsyzlanmak
be vexed hekgermek
be victorious emek,
wrmek
be warped arsmak
be wet sllmba
be widened gielmek
be worn out knelmek
be worthy rowa bolmak
be woven dokalmak
be wrinkled brjemek
beach pla(r)
beads hnji, monjuk
beam nur, prs, hle
beany kskli
bear (animal) ay
bear (bring) gelmek
bear a burden jepa ekmek
bear fruit miwelemek
ydamly
bearable

beard sakgal
beast yrtyjy
beat grsldemek, urunmak
beat on en mek
beat up en mek
beautiful gelikli, ka a,
owadan, ajayp
beautiful woman perizat,
nzenin
beauty gelik, grk, gzellik,
owadanlyk
nki, sebbi, zerarly
because
become a citizen raat- bolmak
become a man kemal
become
accustomed wrenimek
become aggravated itilemek
igremek
become chilly
become
ylyrymlamak
complicated
, kynlamak
become cool salkynlamak
become dark garalmak
become dense galamak
become disinterested sowamak
become distant uzaklamak
become dry kepemek, kakamak
become dull ktelmek
aalak,
become dusty
tozanlamak
become easier elemek, e
lemek
become
embarassed ygrykmak
olarmak
become empty
become enervated ejizlemek
olamak
become entangled
become fatigued leji ykmak
become flat maarmak
become friends dostlamak,
ysnymak
become full bitmek
become full of
oneself gomparmak
become furious jkmek
become ill nholamak,
nsaglamak
become infected simlemek
imek
become inflamed
become interested
in hweslenmek
become literate sowatmak
become overripe mylkarmak
become pus-like irilemek
become quiet rahatlanmak,
njalmak
become rich baan, baanmak
become silent kenek
become small ownamak,
uamak
become soft myjjarmak
become strong gurplanmak
become thin in elmek
become warm malamak,

igremek
become weatherbeaten gazykmak
become wet ljermek
become wormy gurtlamak
become worn out leji ykmak
become wrinkled mrrelmek
become yellow saralmak
bed dek, krowat(r)
bed sheet porsyn(r)
bedbug tagtabiti
bedding organ-dek, dek
bee ary
bee-keeper bal y
beehive bort(r)
beer piwa(r)
beet ugundyr
beet soup i(r)
before ozal, rti, syra, ga,
mundan , in
before sunset gijara
befriend tirkemek
beg zelenmek
beggar aaky, geda
begin balamak, girimek,
ge mek
begin to grow ternelemek
beginning start(r)
behavior zni alyp bary,
hsiet, bolu
behind yzynda, yzy bilen
being barlyk
belch ggirmek
belief ynam, ynan
believe ynanmak
bell ja, jyyrdy
bellow molamak
bellows krk, sana
belly-button gbek
belly-laugh wakyrdamak
belong degili bolmak
belongings emlk, go-gola,
go
beloved ar, sli
below aak, ast
below zero minus(r)
belt bilbag, guak, bilguak,
zolak
Belugian doky
itmek, eplenmek,
bend
epilmek, bkmek, aarmak,
egmek, epmek, garylamak,
gayrmak, gaartmak,
gyartmak, egermek, yrmak,
(oneself) bklmek
bend back gaartmak
beneficial hayrly
benefit hayr, agylyk,
gnenmek
benevolent honietli
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bent egri
berries kisel
besides dayndan, ondan hem
baga
bestial wagylar a
betray satmak
betrothe adaglamak
betrothed adagly
between planets planetara(r)
between two people zara
beverage host i irgi
beware of howtyrlanmak
beyond dagyn, gadyp
bibliophile kitaphon,
kitapsji
bicycle welosiped(r)
big belent, ullakan, iik
big in size uly
billion milliard(r)
bind bogmak, dolamak
bind (a book) jiltlemek
binding jilt
binoculars drbi
biography biografia(r),
terjimehal
biology biologia(r)
birch beroza(r)
bird gu
bird of prey yrtyjy
bird-house ketek
birth doglu, botlamak
birthday doglan gni
birthmark t
biscut kke
bit tike
bitch ganjyk
bite atagzy, okmak, dilemek,
garbak-gurbak etmek,
garbanmak, rkese edinmek,
enemek
bite through tamanmak
apgyn
biting
black gara
blackberry bwrslen
blackboard tagta
blacken garalamak
blackhead dwrtik
blade tyg, gylaw, py ak
blame ayplamak,
gnkrlemek, mnli
blameless gnsiz
blank propusk(r)
blanket odeal(r)
blaze ylpyldy, labyrdamak,
lowlamak
bleach heklemek
ekremek, mlemek
bleat
bleed ganjarmak
blemish menek
blessed eretli, sapaly
blessing pata

blind kr
blindman's bluff
(game) gzdandy
blindness krlk
bliss rhnet
blissful rhnetli
blister pakgar ak
blitzkreig zarba
blizzard syrgyn
block beklemek
blood gan, stde
bloodless gansyz
bloody ganly
bloom gllemek
blooming glle
blotch tegmil
blow urgy, wsmek, flemek
blow one's nose smgrmek
blow up mayrmak, armak
blue gk
bluest gm-gk
blunt drtme grsak, tnt,
ktek, kteltmek
rt-kesik
bluntly
board tagta, mnmek,
komissia(r), prowlenie(r)
boarded up jebis
boarding school internat(r)
boast gplemek, wnmek,
magtanmak
boasting wnjelik
boat gayk
bob (of an animal's tail) jontuk
bobbin tigir
body beden, endam, korpus(r),
lsh, jisim
boil ba, yban, ganamak,
ganatmak, (water for tea)
demlemek
boiled ganag
bold rekli, batyr, ilgin
boldness batyrlyk, reklilik
bolt kilt, kiltlemek
bomb bomba(r), bombalamak
bombastic epe
bone sk
bone marrow ilik
book kitap
book-lover kitaphon,
kitapsji
bookkeeper buhgalter(r),
u ot ik(r)
boot dik, ste, stesine, mesi
booth kabina(r), atatak
borax tenekar
border ara k, et, k, il,
gyra, l, pel, serhet, jhek, het
border guard serhet i
bordering ara kde
bore burawlamak
boring gyzyksiz
borscht bor(r)
bosom emjek
boss ba tutan, balyk,
na alinik(r)
botanical botanika(r)
bother rege dmek, psgel
bermek
e
bottle
bottom ast, dp, aagu ,
te, syrt
bounce bkmek
boundary het, et
ksiz, ymgyr
boundless
bow egmek, tijemek, tijenmek
bowl akse, tabak, jam
bowstring kiri
box gap, gapyrjak, guty, tahyl,
aik(r)
boxer boks y
boxing boks(r)
boy oglan, ogul
boys and girls ogul-gyz
brace arkadan , direg,
diremek
bracelet bilezik
brag wnmek, magtanmak,
palamak
braggard wnje
braid sa rmi, yrmamak,
rmek, rmek
brain beni
branch pudak, aha
branch out pudaklamak,
ahalamak
branchy ahalak
brand tagma, tagmalamak,
daglamak
brandish bulalamak
brave edermen, mert
bravely merdana, mertler e
bravery pet
breach gdik
rek, nan, atak, galla
bread
breadth inli
breadwinner ekleji
break tormoz(r), dwmek,
dwlmek, kl-peekun etmek,
omurmak
break down marylmak,
haraplamak
break inpieces mynjyramak
break off yrtmak, gtmek
break out (in a rash) rmek
break through bwsmek
amak
break up
break. time-out arakesme
breakage ikes
breakfast ertirlik, ertirlik nahar
breast d, emjek, gws,
gursak
breath dem
breath heavily demikmek
www.chaihana.com
breathe dem almak
breeding edep
breeze wsgin
brew lasyrdamak
bribe para
briber parahor
brick kerpi (r)
bride gelneje, gelin
bride price galyn
bridge kpri
bridge of the nose serik
bridle kelleki, uan,
uanlamak
bridle a horse nogtalamak
briefcase portfel(r)
briefly gysga a
brighten agtylmak
brilliance wgin, alpyldy
brilliant genial(r), lowurdawuk,
alpyldawuk, rwen,
alpylda duran
bring getirmek, eltmek,
klemek, rejelemek,
timarlamak, alyp gelmek
bring good tidings bulamak
bring grief to gynamak
bring in girizmek
bring life janlandyrmak
bring up okarlanmak,
terbielemek
brittle port
broken dwk, harap, yrtyk,
opmak
bronze brn
brood hen krk
broom sbce
brother dogan, garda
brother -in- arms eginde
brother-in-law wrji, giew
brotherhood doganlyk
brow mala
brown gour
bruise seselik
otga(r), timar bermek,
brush
otgalamak(r)
brush against lak atmak
brush off silkmek,
otgalamak(r)
brush up yyklandyrmak
pleme
brushwood
brutal wagylar a
bubble kprjik, lakyrdamak
bubbling lakyrdy
buck up garatlanmak
buckle toka
bud pyntyk, inde, gun a
budge gymyldamak
budget bujet(r)
bug mjek
build gurmak
build firmly ersmek

building bina, ja, ymarat
building site obekt(r)
bulging gber ek
bull kz
bulldozer buldozer(r)
bullet se me
bum sergezdan
bump pakgar ak
bump against degmek
bun agly
bunch desse, hoa, salkym
burden jepa
bureau buro(r)
burial jalama
burn garalmak, otlamak, tmek
burn up kmek
burning jokrama
burp ggirmek
burrow hin
atlamak
burst
burst into krsemek
bursting gyrylmak
bury gaplamak, jalamak
bus konductor(r)
business-like edenli
business-trip komandirowka(r)
businessman swdagar
bustle gamalamak
busy ili, megul, baaga
busy-body gep i
but emma, weli
but also weli
butcher gassap
butchery lk
wde, ssmek
butt
butt into dykylmak
butt of a joke onatgy
butter mesge
butterfly kebelek
button ilik, knopka(r), sadap
buy satyn almak
buy up towsa gtermek
buyer alyjy
buzz wazzyldy,
gwwldemek, hyzlamak,
uwlamak, yglamak,
tarlamak, wazypdamak
by accident ttnden
by chance ttnlein, wlswl
by command zakazno
by comparison gr
by correspondence gaybana
by daylight agtygzin
by foot pyada
by force zoraakdan
by no means te
by order zakazno
by pairs ikibir
by portions paa(r)
asowo(r)
by the clock
asowo(r)
by the hour
by the piece ekelein
by the way ogsa-da
by turns gezegine, gezekgezigine
by way of sti bilen
by-pass sowulmak
by-passed sowa
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C
c'mon bakaly
cabbage kellem
cabin kauta
cable tanap
cackle gagyldamak
cadaver maslyk, meit
cafe kebaphana
cafeteria naharhana
cage kapasa
cake pirog(r), tort(r)
calculate hasap etmek,
hasaplamak
calculation ras ot(r)
calendar kalendar(r)
calf (young cow) gle
calico jir
call atlandyrmak, oarmak,
wizit(r), agarmak, jy
yrdamak, ksemek, zar
yldamak, agyrmak
call order tertibe agyrmak
call up jyyrdatmak
callous gabar yk, gabarmak
calm ha-k etmek, hre-ke
etmek
calm down kenek,
rahatlanmak, njalmak
calmly ine-gana, mazaly
caloric kalorialy(r)
calorie kaloria(r)
calve botlamak, guzlamak
camel de, maa, torum
al
camel's milk (fermented)
camera fotoapparat(r)
opantelpek
camomille
camp lager(r), delge
campaign r
can tn
canal kanal(r)
candidate kandidat(r),
kandidatly(r)
candle em
candy marmelad(r), sji
irik, taak
cane
canned foods konserw(r)
cannon top
cap papak
capability ukyp
capable ukyply, baarnykly,
g li, kdelemek
capacity sygym
cape apynja
capital patagt

capitalism kapitalizm(r)
capitalist kapitalist(r)
capitalistic kapitalistik(r)
capricious ynjyk
captain kapitan(r)
captivating hezil
captive esir
captivity esirlik
capture eelemek
caravan kerwen
carbon uglerod(r)
carbonated gazly
carcass lsh
card karto ka(r)
cardboard karton
care gzeg, ideg, wr
care for alada etmek,
aladalanmak
carefree biagyry
careful usully, tia ly,
seresap
carefully seresaply
careless biagyry, biparh,
hapysa, howul-hara
carelessness gelesizlik
cares alada, hysyrdy
caress hre-ke, yzgyt
cargo k
cargo ship teplowoz(r)
carnage gyrgyn ylyk
carnation dal yn
carnival karnawal
carpenter gurluyk y
carpet haly
carpet maker haly y
carpet-making dokma
carrot kir
carry daamak, kitmek,
ugullamak
cart araba
cartilidge gemir ek
cartoon karikatura(r)
cartoon character ar
cartridge zaradi(r)
case aik(r), delil, tahyl
cashier kassir(r)
cashier's desk kassa(r)
elek
cask
cast a spell jadylamak
cast down sallamak
oun(r)
cast iron
caste jyn, synp
casting (metal) guma
casual ttnden, ttnlein
cat piik
catalogue katalog
catastrophe helk ilik
catch kilt, gapmak
igreklemek,
catch a cold
sowuklamak, olamak,
emek
catch hold of iilmek
rt-kesik
categorically
category kategoria, azrad(r)
cathedral ybadathana
cats guzlamak
cattle mal
cause iirdi, sebp, sypalga
cause pain agyrtmak,
uwlundyrmak
cause trouble iirdemek
caution tia
cautious aawly, tia ly
cave gowak, sren, kwek
cave in gaarmak
cease dimek, tketmek,
togtamak
ceiling potolok(r)
celebrate dabaralanmak
celebrated mehur
celebration dabara, to
cellar podwal(r)
cellophane sellofan(r)
cellulose selluloza(r)
cement sement(r), sementlemek
cemetery mazar ylyk, wla
center merkez, orta, ojak,
uzel(r), jmm
centimeter senitmeter(r)
central merkezi
central design gl
centralize merkele dirmek
century asyr
cerebral cortex gyzamyk
ceremonial dabaraly
ceremony dabara
certain grrsiz, hatyrjem
certain people kbiri
certificate ahadatnama,
aatnama
chaff harpyk
chain zynjyr
chair oturgy , stul(r)
chalk hek, mel(r), hek
chamber kamera(r), palata(r)
empion(r)
champion
empionat(r)
championship
chance mmkin ilik
chancellor rektor(r)
chandelier lstra(r)
change zgeri, zgertmek,
alymak, tgetmek,
(returned money) gatargy
alyrynmak
change clothes
change money ownatmak
changes zgerilik
chaos garma-grmelik
apady
chapati
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chapped gazykmak
chapter bap
char gara-rt bolmak
character gylyk, hsiet,
hsiet
characteristic harakteristika(r),
mahsus, has, reje
characterize hsietlendirmek
charge oklamak, zaradlamak,
(electric)
zaradi(r) FALSE
charge with azgarmak
charge with a
comission tabyrmak
charitable ge irimli
charter ustaw(r)
chase kowgy, ekankalamak,
kowalmak
chat shbet, lakgyldamak
chatter warsaky, gygyrmak,
madyrdamak, samahylamak
chauffeur ofor(r)
cheat kezzap
cheating kezzaplyk
ek, barlamak
check
check against deemek, de
edirmek, deirmek
check-up barlag
checkers (Asian style) aka(r)
cheek duluk, aak
ekge
cheek-bone
cheer up gwnne gotermek
cheerful mes, agalaly
cheerfulness meslik
cheese penir
chemical himiki(r)
chemistry himia(r)
cherished jana-jan
cherry lje
chess kt
chess player kti
chest kkrek, sandyk, aik(r)
enemek, enemek
chew
itgitlemek
chew nuts
chick jje
chicken towuk
chicken pox garamyk
chief na alinik(r), ba tutan
chigger sakyrtga
aga, prezent
child
agalyk, oglanlyk
childhood
agalyk
childness
aga- uga
children
aga
children's
chill o
chime ayrdy
chimney truba(r)
chin alkym, eek
china farfor(r)
chintz jir
it
chinze

chirp atyrdamak, akmak
chisel omak
chit-chat gmr-yamyr
chocolate okolad
choice salama
choke hopukmak
choke on dwnmek
cholera mergi
choose salamak, se mek
chop kotlet(r), ybyklamak,
apmak, ktmenlemek
chop off gtmek
chop up ker emek
chop with an axe paltalamak
apgy
chopper
chosen salanan, salama
chronic wrendekli
chronicle hronika(r)
chubby lopbush, pkgi
chuckle hykyrdy, hykyrdamak,
ykyrdamak, pykyrdamak
chunk ker
church buthana
churn up samak
ilim
cigarette
cipher ifr(r)
ciphere ifrlemek(r)
circle alag, alaw, sirkul(r),
syramak
circular alawly, tegelek
circulation tira
circumcision snnet
circus sirk(r)
circus arena maner
cistern sisterna(r)
cite salgylanmak
citizen grajjdan(r)
citizens halk
citizenship raat
city her
claim zaawka(r), talap
clamorous haar
clamp gapjawa , gapjamak
clamp on to garpymak
clan tapa, tire
clap el arpmak, arpmak
clarified butter saryag
clarify saplamak, anyklyk
class synp, razrad(r), klas(r)
classical klassyky
classical writer klassyk
classmate klasda
clatter arkyldamak, arkyldy,
tyrkyldy
claw dyrnak, umak
clay la, pal yk, toun
clay oven tamdyr
clean arassa, pkize, tmiz, pk,
taralamak, arassalamak,
otgalamak(r)
cleanliness pkizelik, tmislik

cleanse taralamak, tmizlemek
cleansing tara
clear dnkli, pk, durlamak
clear off gyrty
clearing medan
ybyklamak
cleave
clever berekella, dbi, akylly
cleverness dblik
click tiirdi, yyrdamak, ti
irdemek, tiirdetmek
click one's tongue pitikilemek
client m deri
cliff gaa
climb dyrmamak, hopba
bolmak, armamak, okary
ykmak
clinic dispanser(r), klinika(r)
clip endiganlamak
clippings galak-gal ak
cloak apynja
clock sagat
clod lokga, tokga
close kapas, tagaykly,
basyrmak, apmak, ummak
close eyes szlmek
close to du
closed apyk
closely duly
closeness golalyk, (emotional)
ysnyyk
cloth mata
clothes egin-eik, eik, eikler,
geim, geim-eik, geimgejim
clothes peg ildirgi
clothesline sim
clothing eginba, lybas, st-ba
cloud bulut, bremek
cloudburst jala
cloudy alasarmyk, gamayk,
(personal) ytyk
clover orunja
club klub(r), kruok(r), taak
cluck kkelemek, wakgyldamak
clump desse
clumsy nalajedein
cluster hoa
clutch gysym
coach trener(r)
coal kmr
coarse harsal
coast kenar, gyra
coat begres, penjek, amak
coating orka
cobweb kerep
cock horaz, me
cocoa kakao(r)
cocoon pile
coddled llik
code ifr(r), ifrlemek(r), (of law)
kodeks(r)
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coffee kofe(r)
coffin tabyt
cogitate lermek
coil tegek
coin ay, tee, ekankalamak
coincide gabat gelmek
cold sowuk, sowuklyk, o
coldbloodedness sowukganlylyk
colic sanjy
collaboration hyzmat dalyk
collapse lagamak
collar hamyt, hamytlamak
colleague ides, iger, igr,
krde
collect rmek, ygnamak,
ykjamlamak, plemek
collection kolleksia(r),
ygnanyyk, ygym
collective farm kolhoz(r)
collective farmer kolhoz i(r)
collector ygym y
akymak, aknymak,
collide
(head on) kaklymak
aknyyk
collision
cologne odekolon(r)
colonel polkownik(r)
colonial bakyna, kolonial(r),
golasty
colony kolonoa(r)
color reklemek, rek
colored rekli
colorful rekli
colt ta anak, ta
column kolonna(r), stn,
stn
comb darak, keke , timar
bermek, daramak
comb one's hair ttmek
combine komban(r),
urnamak, utgadyrmak,
sapmak
come gelmek
come across tapmak, unamak,
akymak, u ramak
amak
come apart
come back dolanmak
kmek, dmek
come down
come down on dazarylmak
come late gi lemek
come off okmak, okumak
come on! dava(r)
come taking alyp gelmek
come the point dillemek
come to du gelmek
come to life direlmek,
janlanmak
zlmek
come untied
come up ggermek
comedy komedia(r)

comfort tagayk
comfortable amatly, jalaykly,
ynjalykly, emeli, tagaykly
comfortably ornaykly,
erdeikli
coming barlyyk
coming out nejat
comission tabyryk
comma otur
command buruk,
komandowanie(r), buurmak,
hkm, zakaz(r)
commandant komendant(r)
commander komandir(r),
komanduy i(r), serkerde
commerce aluw-satuw, swda,
swda
commissar komissar(r)
commission komissia(r),
sargyt
commissions hysyrdy
committe komitet(r)
committee komissia(r)
commodity haryt
common umumy
common cold dmew
common people
(???) garamaak
commoness umumylyk
communism kommunizm(r)
communist kommunist(r)
communist youth
league komsomol(r)
community umumylyk
community aid owar
companion rik, olda
company kampania, rota(r)
comparison mezetme
compartment (on a
train) kupe(r)
compass kompas(r)
compassion mhri, rehim
compassionate dzmsiz,
rehimdar, rehimli
compel puman getermek,
zorlamak
compensate tlemek
compensation wez
compete arymak
apymak
compete with
competition konkurs(r), ary
compiler dzji
complain kinmek, ikaat
etmek, zerenmek, nalamak
complaint naly, ikaat,
zeren , nala
complete alpy-ara, hyryndykyn, tamamlanmak,
tmmek, torsuk, ayrmak,
solamak, erine etirmek,
arylmak, (a set)
komplektlemek(r), komplekt(r)
completely btinle
ylyrymly,
complex
kompleks(r)
complicate kynladyrmak
ylyrymly
complicated
compliment wmek
component goulyjy
compose tayarlamak
composed dzwli, gi
composer kompozitor(r), dzji
composite komplekslein(r)
composition dzme, dzm,
eser
compositor ygyjy
compound goma
comprehensive hemmetarapla
yn
compress kompres(r)
comprised of ybarat
compulsion jebir, jepa, zoluk
compulsory mejbury, hkmany
conceal jalamak, ygyrmak,
bukmak, gizlenmek, lak
bolmak, ayrmak, sumat
bolmak
conceit men-menlik
conceited gompy, gopbamsy
concentrate ygnamak
concern degirmek
concerning degili, dogruda
concert konsert(r)
concerted maslahatla ylyk
concession egliik
conclusion gutary, netije, karar
concordant sazlayk
concourse hmer
concrete beton(r)
condition ert, agda
conditional ertli
conditions out
conduct zni alyp bary,
azlamak, ge irmek,
retmek
conductor ge iriji,
prowodnik(r), (of a band or
orchestra) dirijor(r), (on a
train) konductor(r)
confer maslahatlamak
conference konferensia(r),
mejlis, gurulta, maslahat
confess boun almak
confide sargamak, sarmak
confidential ynanja
conflict dawa
conform layk bolmak
conformity kybap
confuse alydyrmak,
alyrmak
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confused garjamak
confusion bulam-bujar, se
selik, garma-grmelik, haa
congeal atlamak
congratulate gutlamak
congratulation mbrek
congratulations gutlag
congress kongres(r), slot(r)
ri, zmmek
conical
connect baglamak, sepimek,
seplemek, itmek
itim, arabaglanyk,
connection
aragatnayk
conquer stn ykmak, e
mek, eelemek
conscience wyjdan, ynsap,
namys
conscientious ynsaply
consciousness mn
consecutive birsydyrgyn
consequently netijede
conservatory konserwatoria(r)
consider hasaplamak,
sgermek, samak
considerable esli, hmietli
consideration olanma
considered hasaplanmak,
olanyykly
consist ybarat bolmak
consistent kanagatly, yzygideri
consolidate pugtalandurmak,
jebislemek
consolidation jebislik
ekimsiz ses
consonant
conspiracy dildwk
constantly zol
constitution konstitutsia(r),
su
construction gurlu, gurlulyk,
konstruksia(r)
consul konsul(r)
consulate konsulhana(r),
konsullyk(r)
consult htde gelmek, aramak,
maslahatla mak
consultation konsultasia(r)
consume sarp etmek, sowmak
contain eklemek
contemporary hzirki, (peer)
dwrde
content mazmuny, razy
contentment razlyk
contest konkurs(r)
continent materik
continental kontinental(r)
contingent kontingent(r)
ykgynsyz
continual
continually dura-bara,
durdugy a
continue dowam etmek

continuous birsyhly
contract potrat ylyk, ertnama
contradictory gapma-gary
contribution goant
contrive tos-toslamak
control kontrol(r), kontrollyk(r),
dolandyrmak, ge irmek
controller kontrolor(r)
ekeleik
controversy
convenience tagayk
emeli, tagaykly
convenient
eme
convenient situation
convention gurulta
conversation gep-grr, gep,
grr, sz
conversation partner shbetde
conversational geplemek
converse geplemek, grr
demek
conversion zlenme
convex gber ek
convey gowuramak
conveyor konweer(r)
convince ynandyrmak
convincing ynandyryjy, degerli
cook apez, biirmek,
tayarlamak
cookie kke, pe ena(r)
cool salkyn, ters, sowamak
coolness sele
cooperative kooperatiw(r)
coopertation hyzmat dalyk
coordinated maslahatla ylyk
cope oarmak, zledirmek
copper mis
copy kopia(r), nusga,
ekzemplar(r)
copying wypiska(r)
coquetry nz
coquettish nzli
core zencork dyky
corn mekgejwen
corn silk gulpak
k, knjek, (of the
corner
eye) ikge
corpse lsh, maslyk, meit
correct drs, hak, mamla, ja
corrected gurat
correspondent habar y
corresponding kybapda
corridor koridor(r)
cosmetics kosmetika(r)
cosmonaut komonawt(r)
Cossack kazak
costly a-sep
cotton gowa a, pagta, it,
apak
cotton boll goza
cough sglewuk, sgrlewk,

sgrmek
cough up ardynjyramak
council ybadathana, maslahat
count hasap, sanamak,
sifrlemek
count in hasaplamak
count on arkayn bolmak
counted sanly
countenance jamal, keme
counter kapasa
counterfeit galp
country watan, lke, urt
countryman ilde
coupon talon(r)
courage batyrlyk, mertlik,
reklilik
courageous batyr, mert, rekli
courageously merdana,
mertler e
course kurs(r), dowan
court sud(r)
courteous sypay
courteously sypa ylykly
courtesy sypa ylyk
cousin bajak, ykan,
doganoglan
cover apmak, gapak, oramak,
pokryka(r), sahap, apgy,
basyrmak, buky, apy, jilt,
amak, gaplamak, rtmek,
ifirlemek(r)
cover oneself up kereplemek,
kesmeklemek
covered apyk
covering pena
covet emenmek, imtilmek
cow sygyr
coward namart, zwwetdin
cowardice gorkaklyk,
namartlyk
cowardly sar , namart
crack jaryk, artyldy, at,
atyrdy, yrkyldamak, aryk,
y, itgitlemek, hytyrdamak,
jarylmak, pyl amak,
artyldamak, atyrdamak,
arylmak, paramak
atlamak, marylmak
crack up
crackle artyldamak, yrkyldy,
atyrdamak, yrkyldamak
crackling jyzzyk
craft hnr, senet, asamak
crafted hnrment ilik
craftiness hilegrlik, hokga,
hile, etanlyk
craftsman hnrment, ussat,
ussa, asajy
crafty mekir
crag gaa
cram in uwaamak
crane (bird) durna
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crash atyrdy, aknyyk,
artyldy, grpldemek
crawl orelmek, emedeklemek,
srenmek
crawl away pitirdemek
crazy dli, telbe
creak ykyrdy, ykyrdamak
cream gamak, krem(r)
creamy gamakly
crease epin
create dretmek, gurmak,
dretmek
creation dredijilik, dretme
creations ahyrlyk
creator drediji
credibility san-cyz
credit kredit(r)
a
creek
creep bukdaklamak,
srenmek, orelmek
creep into smmek
crepe byzmyk
r depesi
crest
ri
crested
crevice y, at, aryk
crew ekipazh(r)
crib sallan ak, asli(r)
crime jenaat, gn
criminal jenaatly, jenaatcy
criminal act jenaat ylyk
olak
cripple
crisis krizis(r)
crisp kitirdewk
critical tankydy
criticism tankyt
critique tankyt, tankytlamak
croak gagyldamak,
warkyldamak
eek
crochet needle
crooked egri
crop ekin, peteke
cross atanak, ha , amak,
tmek, tlemek, (each other)
kesimek
iliirmek
cross one's legs
cross-country race kros(r)
crossing olum
atryk
crossroads
crow garga, zag
crowd hmer, mele,
tmmeklemek
crowding dyknyyk
crown pr, t , slenmek
crude harsal
cruel zabun
cruiser kreser(r)
crumb owuntyk
crumble owmak, owranmak,
pytramak
crumbly umak

crumple lokgalamak,
tokgalamak, ygyrmak
crunch hytyrdamak,
hatyrdamak, kibirdemek,
kitirdetmek, ykyrdamak,
hokurdamak
crush itniik, dyknyyk,
klkelemek, madalamak
crust (of bread) gyak
crutch piek
cry hakylyk, aglamak, e
remek, (of a baby) jgildemek
cry out zowlatmak, ygyrmak,
hakyrmak, hekirmek,
wakyrmak
cry out angrily herrelmek
crying agy
crystal hrustal(r)
cube kub(r)
cubicle kabina(r)
cuckoo ikatk
cucumber hyar
cultivate sdrmek
cultivation kultiwatsia(r)
cultivator kultiwator(r)
cultural medeni, medeniet,
medenietli, medenieti
culture medeniet
cumbersome gaba
cunning hile, mekirlik, sap,
etanlyk, hilegrlik, hokga
cunning fellow hilegr
anak, kse, tabak
cup
cupboard kaf(r)
cupola gmmez
cure sagdynladyrmak
curious bilesigeliji
curiousity bilesigelijilik
curl burak, (of smoke)
burugsamak
ugutmak
curl up
curly burak
currency waluta(r), tee
curse nlet, sgmek, nletlemek
curse out kemek
cursive azma a
curtain perde, tuty
ommalmak
curtsy
curvature egrilik
curve gyyk, epmek, epilmek,
(on one's own) eplenmek
curvy alawly
cushion dek
custom urp-adat, dessur
customer alajy, m deri
customs gmrk
customs house gmrkhana
cut kesmek, bi im, kertik,
artma , dilik, bi mek,
dilmek, gymak, kselemek,
ylmamak, irtmek
cut along the grain sepik de

blemek
cut down gyrkmak
cut in kesmek
cut off olunmak, somak,
olmak
cut out sepikdirmek
cut pieces dogramak
cut slightly kertmek
cut up armak
cut with a sharp
edge syhalamak
cut with scissors ga ylamak
cutlet kotlet(r)
cutter kater
cylinder silindr(r)
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D
daily gndizki, gnsayn,
atymlayn
dam bent, bwet, gatla
dam up bentlemek
damage amanlyk
damn nletlemek
damnation gargy, nlet
ig, yzgarly, nemli
damp
dampen zaleek
dampness ze, yglyk
dance tans(r), tans etmek(r)
dancer (prominent) tans y(r)

dandruff goak
danger howp
dangerous hatarly, gorkuly,
gorkun , biderek
dangle salparmak
dangling salpy
dare milt, milt etmek
dark garaky
dark complexioned garaagyz,
bugda renk
darken garakyramak
darkness garakylyk, tm,
tmlk, krlk, garaky
dart okdurylmak
dash garnuw, garyndy,
okdurylmak, topulmak,
ozmak
date hurma, sene
dawn da, sher, da atmak,
agtylmak
day gn
day after tomorrow birign
day and night gije-gndiz
day before yesterday in
day care center asli(r)
daylight gndizki
daytime gndiz, gndizine
dazzle alarmak
dazzling ilgin
dead li, li, wepat, jansyz,
itigsi
dead body maslyk, meit
deaf g, ker
deafness kerlik
deal oarmak
dean dekan
dear eziz, mhriban
dear one gadyrly
death ajal, lm
death rate lm derejesi
deaths lm-itim

ekimeler, ekisme,
debate
jedel, olanmak, ekime
etmek
debauche jenjel
debt algy, bergi, ykdajy
debtor bergidar
decade dekada
decanter grafim(r)
deceased wepat bolan
deceive oneself aldanmak
December dekabr
decent kemally
deception aldaw,
gzboag ylyk
decide (set your
heart) regine dwmek
zgt, karar
decision
decisive kesgin, twekgel, zlkesil
declaration arza
declare yglanetmek
decline kemelmek
decorate haamlamak,
beslemek, bezemek,
nagylamak
decorated person ordenli
decoration bezeg, haam, orden,
a
decorative pattern nagy
decrease sapallamak,
gowzalmak, kemelmek,
ki elmek, peseletmek,
peslemek
decree ukaz(r), dekrek
dedicated janypke,
mynasybetli
dedication janypkelik
u, ygy
deep
deep thoughts o-pikir
ualtmak
deepen
ulamak
deepen gradually
deer sugun, sugun
defeat emek
defect kem
defend goramak, penalamak
defend oneself penalanmak
defense pena
define kesgitlemek
definite mlim
definition kesgitleme,
kesgitnama
definitive ymykly
deflect ret etmek
deformed umro
deformity umroluk
deft wrk, akgan
premek
degenerate
degree dereje, ak, gradus
delay haallatmak, sagynmak,
eglemek, haal-agallyk
etmek, gijikdirmek
delegate delegat
delegation delegatsia
delicate nzik, uka
delight kep, sapa
deliver klemek, gowuramak,
eltmek, tabyrmak
dell kw
demand talap, zaawka(r)
demarcate pel ekmek
democracy demokratsia(r)
democratic demokratik(r)
demolish umrulmak,
umurmak, ykmak
demolished weran ylykly
demon dw
den sren
denegrate kemek
dense gory, goy, ygjam,
dykyz, gr, ygy
density syklyk, goulyk, syk,
tp
dent emertmek
dented emik
deny dnmek, inkr etmek
department store uniwermag(r)
depend on bagly bolmak,
garaly bolmak
dependable htibar, ynamly
dependence garalylyk
dependent bagly, elgarama,
garaly, golasty
depict suratlandyrmak,
sypatlandyrmak,
ekillendirmek
deposit goum, gatlamak,
kndi
depraved harap
uluk, jmm
depth
deputy deputat(r), orunbasar
descend dmek
descendants nesil
descent eaak
describe suratlandyrmak,
sypatlandyrmak, bean
etmek, suratlandyrmak
description suratlandyrma,
wasp
l, gum
desert
olarmak
deserted
deserve mynasyp bolmak
deserving (of) mynasyp
design bejergi, yzmak, hyal,
konstruksia(r), pygyl, tostoslamak
design (for) nietlemek
designer konstuktor(r)
desire isleg, gwnamek,
ksemek, meillenmek,
myrat, ymtylmak
desire (for) hwes
desirous of gwnje
desk parta(r)
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ykgynsyz
desperate
despise igrenmek
despite garamazdan
despotism eden-etdilik
destiny nesibe, igin
destroy opurmak, syndyrmak,
egsan etmek, umrulmak,
umurmak, ykmak
destroy (crops) otamak
destroyed berbat
destroyer istrebitel
destruction hapalyk, berbat
detachment otrad
detain eglemek, gmemek,
saklamak
detained eglenmek
detainee tussag
detective sl hi
deteriorate erbetlemek,
erbetlemek, aramazlamak,
haallamak
determination agyt
determine seljermek
determined agytly, dogumly
detriment amanlyk
develop smek, hars
development s
devil etan
devoid mahrum
devoted bagy, janker
devoted to mynasybetli
devotee mu dak
akganlyk
dexterity
akgan
dextrous
dial (to
telephone) pyntyklamak
dialect dialekt(r), iwe
diarrhea i agyry, i ge me
diary gndelik
dice zar
dictation diktant(r)
dictatorship diktatura(r)
dictionary szlk
die lmek, zar, aradan ykmak,
dnden tmek, lmek,
wepat bolmak, ykylmak,
arylmak
diesel dizel(r)
diet ybadathana
differ tapawutlanmak
difference parh, tapawut,
tgeiklik
different ary, drli-drli,
eleki, gary, tgeik, drli
differentiate tapawutlandyrma
k, parhlandyrmak
differently baga a
differentness tapawut
atak, etin, kyn,
difficult
m gil
difficulty hyllalla, kyn ylyk,
kynlyk, mu akgat

diffused syrylmak
dig gazmak, kwlemek,
kwmek
dig around for drmek
dig in dikmek
dig into drjemek
digest lasyrdamak, sindirmek,
sidirmek
dignity mertebe, namysja
digress syrykdyrmak
dike ga y, gatla
dilapidated (used of
clothing) gwl
dim itigsi, mezlemek
dim-witted krzehin
dimension gabara
diminish kemelmek, ki elmek,
sabamak, sereklemek,
uwaatmak, egismek
dimwit krlk
din gowga, owhun, gopgun
dining hall naharhana
dining room naharhana
dinner agamlyk nahar,
gnortanlyk nahar
diploma diplom(r)
diplomatic diplomatic(r)
direct gni, dogrulamak,
gnkdirmek, ugramak,
zlenmek
direction tarap, ugur
directions gnme, wagyznesihat
directly gmelte
director direktor(r)
or, yrak, gz, hapa
dirt
dirty hapa, kirli, kirletmek,
hapalamak
disability mayplyk
disabled person mayp
disadvantage geliksizlik
disadvantageous geliksiz
disagree gary cykmak
disagreeable ylalayksyz,
mhirsiz
disagreement jetlik, razy
bolmazlyk
disappear grm-jrm
bolmak, itmek, sumat
bolmak, u mak
disarm aragsyzlandyrmak
disaster bela
mhrek
discernible
discipline dzgn-nyzam,
dzgn-tertip, tertibe
agyrmak
disciplined tertipli
discontent ngilelik
discontented ngile
discourteous biedep
discourtesy biedeplik
discovery tapyndy
ekeleik, ekisme,
discussion
shbet, grr
disdain sgermez ilik,
sgermezlik, harlamak
disease syrkawlyk, hassalyk,
kesel
disgrace masgar ylyk,
zgaralyk, masgaralamak
disguise sumat bolmak
disgusted arsmak
disgusting igrenji
dish tabak, tagam
dishes gapga
disheveled imeik
disinterested gwnsiz
disjointed agzala
disk aba(r)
dismiss kowmak
dismissal otctawka(r)
dismount dmek
disorderly garagol, garymgatym
dispatch office ekspedisia(r)
dispatcher dispet er(r)
amak, pytramak
disperse
displeased ngile
displeasure ngilelik
ekeleik, ekelemek
dispute
disquiet rahatsyzlandyrmak,
ynjalyksyzlandyrmak,
gozgala
disruption opurylyyk
dissatifaction ngilelik,
nrazylyk
dissatisfied ngile, nrazy
dissertation dissertatsia(r)
dissoluteness kelesalyk
dissuade ret etmek
distance aralyk, menzil,
uzaklyk
distant alysda, uzak
distinctive parhly, zboluly
distinguish parhly bolmak,
sagarmak, seljermek,
tapawutlandyrmak
distinquished tanymal
distort gyartmak, omak,
aarmak
distress hasrat, gynamak
distressed ynjamak
district u astok(r)
disturb rahatsyzlandyrmak
disturbed gowgaly
disturbing galagoply,
howsalaly
ditch ganaw, garnym, gorp,
ap
diver wodolaz(r)
diverge gyarmak
diverse drli
diversion ykgyn ylyk
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divert sowmak
divert one's
attention syrykdyrmak
divide saka, taraz, blmek,
palamak, palasmak,
lemek
division (military) divisia(r)
do elujundan etmek, etmek
do evil hyanat etmek
do one's best jan etmek
do quickly hadamak
do so etmek
do such etmek
doccent dotsent(r)
doctor doktor(r), wra (r)
document dokument(r)
dodger hilegr
dograma dograma
doll gurjak, emzik
dolt pekge
dome gmmez
donkey eek
door gapy, iik
dot nokat
double entendre iku ly
doubt ikis, ek, bhe,
bhelenmek, mkrlenmek
doubtful gmana, bheli
doubtless bhesiz
dough hamyr
dove kepderi
down btk
abga, jala
downpour
dowry a-sep
dozing oaly-ukuly
ertor(r), garalama,
draft
taslama, yzgy
dragon ajdarha
dragonfly tene ir
drama drama(r)
draughtsman grafik(r)
draw tartmak, ekmek,
yzmak
draw out uzakladyrmak
eker
drawer
yzgy, yzgy
drawing
drawing of a lottery tira
drawn (game) hutma-hut
dreadful elhen
dream arzuw, d, uky,
drgemek
dreary tukat
dress knek
dress oneself gemek
dress somebody gedirmek,
geindirmek
dressmaker knek e
dried guradylan
dried apricots kide
dried fruit kide
dried melon kak

drift kakamak
drill zaradka(r), burawlamak
drink hopurdatmak, i mek
drinks hdr
drip damjalamak, dammak,
sarkmak
drive tigirlemek, togalamak,
wek, hadatmak,
idirdetmek, srmek
drive cattle kowalamak,
kowalamak
drive in kakmak
driver srgi, ofor(r)
driveway podezd(r)
isi, isemek,
drizzle
sepelemek
drone wazzyldy
drop damja, sallamak,
ga yrmak, dklmek,
ga mak
droppings tezek
drown gark bilmak
drugstore dermanhana
drum deprek
drunk pan(r), serho
dry gury, rgn, kepemek,
sarykmak, kakamak
dry out guramak
alykmak
dry up
dry-farming dme
dryer suilka
dryness gurulyk
dubious bheli
duck rdek
dull ktek, kteltmek, gn,
gsi, itigsi, gamayk
al
dull in color
dummy emzik
dunce hlepus, pekge
dung tezek
dung beetle tomazak
ydamlylyk
durability
durable mkm
during dowamynda, dwrnde
dusk irik
a, kiren, toz, tozan,
dust
uwundy, tozamak, tozatmak
duty bor , karz, nese, umu,
narad
dwelling mesgen, ja
dye garalamak
dyke bent
E
each other birek-biregi
eager yhlasly
eagle brgt
ear(s) gulak
earlier in , hemie, irki
earlobe smek
early ir, irki
early evening ikindi, ilkagam
early morning dawn irgzin
early spring alabahar, alaaz
earn eklenmek, gazanmak
earnings gazan , ysygra,
tene ir
earth toprak, er
earthenware pot gol a
earthquake er titremesi
ease eillik
east gndogar
eastern gndogar
easy asat, eilledirmek,
neke, erkana
eat imek
eat a little dilemek
eat and drink imek-i mek
eat away kertmek
eat grass otlamak
eat one's fill domak
eat some garbak-gurbak etmek,
garbanmak
ecclesiastical ruhy
echo a
economical tygytly
economics ykdysadyet
economist ydysat y
economize tygytlamak
economy tygyt, tygytlylyk,
ykdysady
edge erek, gylaw, et, tyg,
mekan
edging jhek
edible imit
edict ukaz(r)
edit redaktirlemek(r)
editing redaksion(r)
editor redaktor(r)
editorial staff redaksia(r)
editorship redaktorlyk(r)
educate terbielemek
educated bilimli, okuwly,
ylymly
education bilim, magaryf,
terbielei
educational terbie ilik,
terbielejilik
educator magaryf y, terbie i
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effect effekt(r)
effective netijeli
effectiveness netijelilik
effeminate llik
effeminateness lliklik
efficacious degerli
efficient baarjan, etiikli
effort tagalla
egg umurtga
eggplant badamjan
eight sekiz
eighth sekizinji
eightieth segseninji
eighty segsen
elbow tirsek
elder auly
election salaw, salow
elector salaw y
electrical connection tok(r)
electrification elektrifikasia(r)
electrify elektrifisirlemek
electrik elektrik(r)
elegance nepislik
elegant nepis, sypay
element element(r)
elementary elementar(r)
elephant pil
elipses kp nokat
else dagy
elucidate hlelendirmek
embarass utandyrmak
embarassment haa, hyllalla
embark ugramak
embark upon girimek,
ugratmak
ekinmek
embarrassed
embassy il ihana
embellish nagylamak
embellishment a
embers kz
emblem emblema(r), gerb
embrace gujak, gujaklamak,
gujaklamak
yrlamak
embrace with
atmak, tikmek,
embroider
gaamak, kedelemek, kete
etmek, nagy ekmek
embroidered kedeli
embroidery gama, ke de,
kete
embryo inde
emerge sekmek, peda bolmak
emergence nejat
eminent genial(r), grnkli,
tanymal
emit an unpleasing odor a
kawmak
emphasize nygtamak,
omzamak
emphatic preposition di

emphatic suffix na
employ aratmak
employment hyzmat
emptiness boluk
empty howay, pak, pu ,
ksz, bo, boatmak
enable mmkin ilik etmek
enamel syr a
encircle gurawmak, gabamak
encirclement gabaw
enclose gurawmak
enclosed apyk
enclosure agyl
encounter dumak, duumak,
duuyk
encourage hweslendirmek
encrust galamak
encrustations ga
encyclopedia ensiklopedia(r)
end ahyr, tamam bolmak,
tamamlamak, u , gutarmak,
aak
endeavor hysyrdamak,
ytalamak
ending goulma
endlessly hli-indi
ydamak
endure
enemy duman, agy
energetic gujurly, galadaw,
swejen
energetic adawsyz
energy enegia(r), gujur
enforce mejbur etmek
engine dwigatel(r), motor(r)
engineer injener(r)
engineering injenerlik(r)
English ilis, ilis e
enjoy hezel etmek, atlanmak
enjoyment sapa
enlarge ulalmak
enlightenment magaryf
enlist pyntyklamak
enormous mhnet
enough bes, gerk-gbe, eterlik
enraged ze
enrich baladyrmak
enriched baan
ensue eermek
entangled bulayk
enter girmek
enter into erlemek
entertain hdrlemek,
gmemek
entertainment hdr, hezillik
enthusiasm entuziazm(r)
entire bitin
entirely duruna, tutu,
tutulagyna, tutulayn
entitle hukuk bermek
entitled ygtyarly
entrance girelge, podezd(r)
entrapment gabahat ylyk

entrust tabyrmak
entrust with klemek
entry azgy
envelope bukja
envious bahyl, grip, i igara
environment halka
environs twerek
envy bahyllyk, i igaralyk
epigraph epigraf(r)
epilepsy garagu, tutga
episode epizod(r)
epoch dwr, zaman
equal barabar, de, endigan
equality delik
equally barabar
apyksuwar
equestrian
equip enjamladyrmak
equipment enjam, serenjam
era era(r), zaman
erase bozmak
eraser bozgu
erode oburmak
errand umu
erroneous telek
eruption rgn
escalator eskalator(r)
escape ala , sypmak, ylgaw,
dyndarmak
essay o erk, dzme
essential dpli, mhm
establish retmek
esteem hatyra, hezzet-hormat,
hormat, hormatlamak
esteemed hormatly
estimation ras ot(r)
eternal baky, ebedi, mrlik,
ebedilik
eternity ebedilik
Ethiopian efiop(r)
etude etud(r)
evaluate nyrhlamak
evaporate bugarmak
evasion sapalk
even hatda, hekaat
even in number jbt
even out delemek
evening gi lik
event hadysa, waka
evergreen tree olka(r)
everlasting mrlik
every her, hersi, hemme, kes
every month aba-a
every other day gnasa
everyone bary
everything bary
evidence delil, aatlyk,
aatnama
evident gr
evil hyrsyz, hyanat,
i igaralyk, um, i igara
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exact takyk, dogry, hut
exacting talapkr
exactitude talapkrlik
exactly nokatma-nokat, edil,
gyrade
exactness takyklyk
exam za ot(r)
examination derew,
ekzamen(r)
examine barlamak, esetmek,
altaklamak
examiner barlag y, derew i
example mysal, gredeli
excavator ekskawator(r)
excellent otli no(r)vtweleme
excerpting wypiska(r)
akdanaa,
excessive
endanaa, hetdenaa
exchange aly- aly, alyk,
alyma, alymak, alyrmak,
alymak, uatmak
exchange news habarlamak
excite tolgundyrmak
excited g gnli
excitement tolgunyyk
excuse bahana
emeli
exemplary
exercise mak, bedenterbie,
zaradka(r), (in a book)
gnkme
exert oneself emgenmek
exertion tagalla
exhaust horlamak
exhausted sustupes
exhibit eksponirlemek(r)
exhibition eksponat(r), sergi
exile srgn, srgn etmek
exist bar
existence durmu, gzeran
exit ala , ykalga, ahyr,
ykmak
expand gilemek
expansion gileme
expect oslamak
expectation hantama,
hantama ylyk
expedition ekspedisia(r)
expend harajat etmek,
har lamak
ykdajy, har
expenditure
ykdajy, har
expense
expensive gymmat, gymmatly
experience tejribe, synamak
experienced tejribeli
experimental eksperiment(r)
expert habarly, edenli
expertise ekspertizia(r)
explain adyladyrmak,
dndirmek

explanation dndiri,
dnje
explanatory dndirili
explode armak, partlamak,
arylmak
exploit eksplutatirlemek(r)
exploitation ekplutasia(r)
explosion partlama, arylma
exponent grkeziji
export eksport(r),
eksportirlemek(r)
expose eksponirlemek(r)
exposure pa
express alatmak
expression alatma, jmle
extend batlandyrmak, uzatmak,
ukuralmak, sndrmek,
snmek
ualmak
extensive
extent dereje, uzynlyk
exterior da, mysala
external daary
externally gaybana
extinct en, snen
extinguish mek, sndrmek,
zmek
extol gtergimek
extra artyk, artykma
extract daladyrmak
extraction kwek
extreme gyraky
extremely bi ak, juda
exult heelle kakmak
eye garak, gz
eye to eye iki k
eyebrow ga 1
eyelash kirpik
eyelid gabak
F
fabric mata, materia(r)
face didar, kep, keme, z
face to face pete-pet, gaba-ga
fact fakt(r)
factory fabrik, zawod(r)
faculty fakultet(r)
fade pyssarmak, solmak,
solmak, snmek, sllermek
faded solgun, myssyk
failure sowsuzlyk
faint seselemek
fair adalatly, ugurda, ynsaply
fairness adalat
fairy tale erteki
faithful janker, dindar
faithless biwepa
faithlessness biwepalyk
fake galp, jgi
faker aldaw y
falcon la yn
fall gz, batmak, kmek,
ykylmak, ga gakmak
fall asleep uklamak, irkilmek
ekilmek
fall back
yr yklamak,
fall ill
syrkawlamak
fall in hopmak, etermek
fall in the habit of r etmek
fall inpieces lagamak
fall off gopmak, hopmak
fall out gopmak
apyk
fallen tree
fallow boz
fallow deer maral
false alan, alandan, emeli,
ters, asama
ypdyrma
falsehood
falsify galpladyrmak
fame mehurlyk, an
familiar (person) tany
familiarize wrenidirmek
family magala
family house -iik
famous anly, mehur
fan elpemek
fantastic fantastika(r)
fantasy fantazia(r)
far alys, uzak, da
farm ferma(r)
farming ekeran ylyk
farrow jojuklamak
fascinated grma bolmak
fashion moda(r), bi im
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fast tiz, aakly, agyz beklemek,
(religious) post(r)
fast-breeding guzlay
fasten danmak, rklemek
mhrek
fastidious
fat semiz
fat man inedrdl
fate nesibe, takdyr, tle,
azgyt, ykbal, bije, l
father kaka, dde, we
fatigue adawlyk
fatness semizlik
fatten parkyldamak, semremek
fattened parkyldy, gurat
faucet kran(r)
fault gn
favorable oaly, enay,
ugurda
favorite sguli, sli, syrda
fear gorky, heder, howatyr,
emenmek, howtyrlanmak,
enmek
fearful tez, rkek
fearless gaduwsyz
feather pero(r), elek
feathered elekli
feathers pazyl
feature reje, yzyk
February fewral(r)
feces bok
fed up with pete etmek
federal federatiw(r)
federation federasia(r)
federative federatiw(r)
fee nyrh, wznos(r)
feeble ejiz
feeble-minded kemakyl
feebleness ysgynsyzlyk
feed imlemek, im, ot- im,
emdirmek, idirmek,
imitlendirmek, naharlamak
feed grass to otarmak
feel amak, dumak, wmek,
syzmak, tikeneklemek
feel angry hyrsyzlanmak
feel chilly tmek
ekinmede
feel free to...
feel inspired ruhlanmak
feel nauseous bulanmak
ekinmek
feel shy
feel sick su goamak
feel sorry for gagyrmak
feel the same ekesiremek
feel uneasy mnrgemek
feeling dugy
fell etermek
fellow gar yga, igit
fellow traveller hemra
felt ke e
female urka y
female pilot pilotka(r)

female underwear i liklik
fence aman a, haat, gorag
fencing fehtowanie(r)
ferment gor, maa, ajatmak
fermented dough hamyrmaa,
hamyrtury
fertile hasylly
fertilize dknlemek
ylpyklamak
fester
festival baram, festiwal(r)
fetch getirmek
fetters duak
feuilleton feleton(r)
fever ysytma, howur, tebit, o
few az
fiber sm
eper eser
fiction
fidget okanjyramak,
sintenjiremek
field medan, dgr
field of endeavor masa
field of grain masa
fifty elli
fig injir
fight urumak, uru, gremek,
sbemek, swemek,
urunmak, penjelemek
fighter plwan, urujy, zarp y
fighting by greedy
people a gzlylyk
figure sifr(r), syrat, sifrlemek
file igelemek, (tool) ige
fill doldurmak, ganmak,
gandyrmak, gapgarmak,
nalamak, tmmeklemek
fill in gmmek,
plomwalamak(r)
fill up bitirmek
filled doly2, gmk
ylka
fillet
filling plomwa(r), onuga
film film(r), kino(r),
pleonka(r), orka
filter szgu , szmek
filthy kirli
final final(r), gutarnykly,
jemleji, soky, ahyrky,
ahyryn, ymykly
finale final(r)
finally te-ahyr
finance malie,
maliele dirmek
find tapyndy, tapmak, unamak
find an excuse for bahanlamak
find fault with yrsaramak
find out about salgy atmak
find room sygmak
fine iri, jerime, telper, uak,
jerime salmak
finger barmak
fingerful atym
finish pelle, pellehana, u , so

lamak, aaklamak, dynmak,
gutarmak, paawlamak,
tamam bolmak, tamamlamak,
tamamlanmak, tketmek,
sowulmak
finished wepat
fire kostor(r), lorsuldamak, ot,
kowmak, (a rifle) tpelemek
firework feerwerk(r)
firm berk, firma(r), gaym,
pert, pugta, twekgel, zlkesil, ykjam
firmness berklik, pugtalyk
first birinji, ilki
first existing ilkidurmu
first name at
first place delik
fish balyk
fissure aryk, jaryk
fist umruk
fist-fight umruklamak
fit kakyn, aramly
fitter montor(r)
five b
fiver blik
flabby epbeik, myjjarmak
flag badak
flake (skin) soulmak
flame alyn, lowurdy
flank bwr
flap salgamak
flare up labyrdamak, lowlamak
flash lpldemek,
yldyramak, ylpyldy
flashlight panys
flat asy, dz
flatlands dz, dzlk
flatten maartmak,
apbadyrmak, apbamak,
asylamak
flatten out maarmak
flattened emik
flavor tagam
flaw kem
flawless kemsiz-kstsz,
kemsiz
flea bre
fleabite bre
flee bosmak, ga mak
fleet flot(r)
flesh ten
flex egermek
eelik,
flexibility
may gaklyk
ee, may gak
flexible
flicker ykjamak
flight res(r), u u
flightiness kelpelik
flighty kelpe
fling pyzmak
flip dndermek
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flip over dndermek
flip-flop dnderilmek
flirt nzirgemek
flirtatious nzli
flirting nz
float galtga
flock sri, sri
flood jogun, sil
flooded jogunly
floor etazh(r), pol(r), gat
flour harman, un
flow akar, akym, wdrmek,
abyrdamak, tigirlenmek,
togalanmak, ogmak,
syrykmak, akmak
flower gl
flower bed glzar
flowing akaba
flu grip(r), dmew
fluctuation pasyrdyr
fluff btk
fluid suwuk
flutter gymyldy, galgamak
fly siek, u mak
fly past(a target) my mak
foal ta anak
foam kpk, kprjik, agaran,
kprjiklemek
fog duman, mez
foggy dumanly
fold epin, epmek, eplemek,
eplenmek
fold down sepmek
folded egrelmek
folder papka(r)
follow kowalmak, yzarlamak,
eermek, gollanmak
following indi, yzy bilen
fondness gadyr
food a, azyk, imit, hdr,
nahar
food and drink imek-i mek
fool pakelle, samsyk
foolish akmak, gagal
foolishness samsyklyk
football futbol(r)
football player futbol y(r)
footstep dim
footwear aakgap
for in
for a two year period ikiyllyk
for example meselem, mysal
in
for good mydamalayn
for life mrlik
for nothing ne
for now hzirlik e
for the time being hzirlik e,
onyan a
forbidden gadagan, haram
force gujur, zarp, zor, hal,
ysgyn, zorlamak

force forward idirdetmek
resiz, mejbur, nala
forced
forceful gurjurly, esgin, zor
forcibly zoraakdan
ford gzer, olum
fore alyndaky
fore-arm bilek
forefather ata-baba
forehead alyn, mala
foreign at
foreign language daary urt
dili
foreigner gemiek, myhman
forest toka, tokalyk, jeel
forestry toka ylyk
forever dpgter, dplein,
mydamalayn
forge nalamak
forget unutmak, atdan
ykarmak
forgive razylamak, bagylamak
fork aryk, wilka(r), arak
form blank(r), ekel, format(r),
grn, na alamak,
resmiledirmek
form a group toparlamkak,
toparlanmak
formal formal(r), resmi
formal
greeting essalawmalekim
formation nyzam
former ki, hemie
formula formula(r), alatma
formulate formulirlemek(r)
formulation formulirowka(r)
fortieth kyrkynjy
fortify berkitmek
fortress gala
fortunate hobagt, malaly
fortune bije
forty kyrk
forum forum(r)
forward gadyp, ilerki
found dretmek,
esaslsandyrmak
foundation fundament(r),
baza(r), esas
fountain fontan(r)
four drt
fourteen ssrim
fourth drdnji
fox tilki
foyer foe(r)
fracas gopgun
fracture gdik
fragile dwlgi , port
fragrant hobo
frail port
frame karkas
framework karkas
frankly a -a an
freckle sepgil
free azat, bo, erk, erkana, erkin,
halas, ne
free of charge mugt
freedom azatlyk, erkinlik
freely a -a an, erkin
freeze doaklyk, dodurmak,
jybarlamak, atlamak
freezing jybar
freight k
fresh ter
fresh water sji
freshness terlik
friday anna
fried bread pime(r)
fried corn patrak
friend dost, olda
friend (female to female) jora
friend (male) dost
friendliness mylakat
friendly agzybir, al ak
friends dost-ar
friendship agzybirlik, dostluk,
aranlyk
fright aylgan , gorky
frighten rkzmek
frighten away gypjyndyrmak
frightened gorkuly
frightening gorkuly, gorkun
frightful elhen
fringe se ek
fringed se ekli
friskiness yldanlyk
frisky dyzma , yldan
frivolous kelpe
frog gurbaga
from -dan, -den
from birth doga
from head toes badan-aak
from inside i inden
from many years ago den
from now on dagy-duwara,
wrlip
from start to finish birin-birin,
bodan-baa
from that babatdan
from the beginning birbada
from the first ilkibada
from the start ilkibada, badan
from time
immemorial ozaldan, den
from time to time wagtalwagtal
from year to year yldan-yla,
yly-ylyna
front front(r),
frontal mala
frost azak, aaz, buldur yn,
burjy, gyraw, isi, doaklyk
frosty jybar
froth agaran, kprjiklemek
ytmak
frown
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frozen do, atlama, doan
fruit imi, miwe
fruit farming miwe ilik
fruit jellies marmelad(r)
fruitful hasylly
fruity miweli
frump gipdenek
frustrated sustupes
frustration opurylyyk
irkizmek, gowurmak,
fry
jyzyrdamak
fugitive ga gak
fulfilment berja
full dok, hyryn-dykyn, hli,
tkel
full of bol
full of holes deik
full(y) doly
full-blooded etli-ganly
fumble semelemek, sememek
function funksia(r),
agdalamak
fund fond(r)
fundamental dpli
funnel gugu
funny glkli, glkn
fur stk, possun
furious gaharjan, gaharly, ze
furniture mebel
yban
furnucle
furrow kelemek
furrowed kelein
furry stkli
fury gahar, gahar-gazap, z
elik
fuse partladyjy
fussy talapkr
futile nhak
future geljek
G
gab jedirdemek, gygyrmak
gaiety meslik
gain bhbit, kuwwatlanmak,
nebis, eelemek
gain weight semremek
gait ri
galactic galaktika(r)
gall t
apmak, rdiklemek
gallop
galoshes galo(r)
gape hokarmak, welmek
garage garaj(r)
garbage uwundy, zibil
garden bed atyz
akamak, yrpmak
gargle
garlic sarymsyk, ajyga
garrison garnizon(r)
gas gaz
gasoline benzin(r)
gasp demikmek, hopukmak,
sojamak
gassy gazly
gate derweze
plemek, ygmak,
gather
toplanmak, rmek,
ygnamak, ykjamlamak,
dzmek, toplamak
gathering ygnak,
ygnanyyk, ygym, barlyyk
gauge gilik
gay mes, agalaly, oh
gazelle keik
gear serenjam
general hlumumy, serkerde,
(military) general(r)
generally aslynda, umuman,
kplen
generation nesil
generous rehimdar, rehimli
genius geni(r)
genre anr(r)
gentle nzik, tultuk
gentleness umaklyk
gently assa
genuine hakyky, ts
genus urug
geographer geograf(r)
geographical region etrap
geography geografia(r)
geology geologia(r)
geometry geometria(r)
Georgian gruzin(r)
germ mikrob(r)
German nemes
get a kick out of deprenmek
get a little older garramak
get across ayrmak
get angry gahar gelmek,
gazaplanmak
get better ileri, ganymatlamak,
gowularmak, jyda dmek,
okmak, okumak
get bound up inelemek
get cold feet namartlamak
olamak
get confused
get dark irik garalmak
get dirty bulamak, orlamak,
gzlemek, hapalanmak,
kirlemek
get done blmek
aamak, ajarmak
get dusty
get entangled inelemek,
igmek
get even with haklamak,
hasaplamak
get fat semretmek
get fixed up ornamak
get gutsy garatlanmak
get hot yssylamak
get inflamed tatamak
get into smmek
get lost azamak
get mad jkmek
get married (for a man
only) lenmek
get mixed up garjamak
get moldy helemek
get news habarlamak, habar
tutmak
get numb gurumak
get on mnmek
get out arylmak
get out of dyndarmak, dynmak
get out of here! gm bol!
owarra!
get packed dykyzlanmak
get pleasure gnenmek
get ready taynalmak
get rid of gowzalmak, sabamak,
sypmak
get sick of bizar bolmak
get situated erlemek
get skinny arryklamak
get spoiled azmak
get started (about
cooking) atarmak
get sunburnt gne anmak
get tangled and
confused bulamak
igmek
get tied up
igilmek
get tied up in knots
get tired lejikmek
get tough with dazarylmak
get up turuzmak, durmak
get used to wrenimek,
ugunlamak
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get wet ezilmek
gift pee, zehin, sylag
gifted zehinli
giggle hikirdi, hikirdemek,
hykyrdamak, hykyrdy,
pykyrdamak, kikirdemek
giraffe iraf(r)
girdle bilguak
girl gelingyz, gyz
girlfriend boda
girth semizlik
give bermek, gowumak
give a hand to arkalamak
give a turn tow bermek
give an account hasap bermek
give back gatarmak
give birth dogurmak
give birth a goat owlaklamak
alamak
give drink
give someone a
cold sowuklatmak
give trouble azar bermek
give up itirmek, taslamak
give up hope pyssarmak
give voice to agzamak
give-and-take aldym-berdimli
given goulmak
gladden begendirmek
gladly hwesje
gladness agtylyk
glance baky, gz, nazar
gland mz
glare mlerilmek
glare angrily alarylmak
e, stakan(r), ana
glass
glasses nek
glaucoma garasuw
glen kw
glide typmak
glisten balkyldamak
glitter balkyldamak,
lowurdamak, lpldemek,
yldyramak
glittery yldyrawuk
globe globys(r), er ary,
dn
ytyk, tutuk
gloomy
glorify hratlanmak
glorious hratly
glory an, an-hrat, hrat
glove ellik
glow labyrdamak
glue elim, elim, elimlemek,
elmemek
glutton idmen, iermen
gluttony iermenlik
gnash ykyrdamak
gnaw gemirmek
go gitmek, remek, gitmek,
zomamak, barmak, ykmak
go around alanmak

go bad dymjykmak,
zaalanmak, pislemek,
uzanmak
go by foot pyadalamak
go crazy dliremek
go for a walk gezelen etmek,
kakamak
go missing itirim bolmak,
itmek
go numb jmldemek
go out incoolness selelemek
go somewhere else g mek
go sour uamak
go straight gnlmek
go through tmek
go together tirkemek
go trouble over alada etmek,
aladalanmak
emelemek
go up to
go with gelimek
goat ge i
pr
goat wool
goats dowar
goblet kubok(r)
God huda
God bless you sabyr et
going gidiin
going out nejat
gold altyn, tylla
golden tylla
golly b
good agy gowy, enay,
haryt, idili, oat, oly, ugurly,
bolar, gowulyl, ho, rowa ,
owly, aramly
good deed sogap
em
good event
good for nothing kelesa
good golly! ba-bow
good looking nurana
good luck ow
good-natured uka rek
goodness gowulyl, gowylyk,
dwlet
goods harytlar
goose gaz
gopher alaka
gore ssmek
gossip gybat, gep i, warsaky,
wyyrdamak
gossipper gybatke
gourmet gastronom(r)
government dwlet, hkmet,
prowlenie(r)
grab gysymlamak
grace nepislik
graceful nepis
grade baha
gradually dura-bara,
durdugy a, gitdigi e, kemkemden
graduate student aspirant(r)
graft pewent etmek

grain digir, galla, dne
gram gram(r)
grammar grammatika(r)
grammatical grammatik(r)
grand beik
grand piano roal(r)
grandchild agtyk
grandfather ata, baba
grandmother ene
grant esbap
grape zm
grape production zm ilik
grapes
(specifically gelinbarmak
graph grafa(r)
grass ot
grassy area otluk
grate skemek, gyrmak,
okamak
grateful minnetdar
grating gzenek
gratings gyrman a
gratis ne
gratitude minnetdarlyk
grave gr, mazar
agyl
gravel
graveyard gonam ylyk,
wl
graze animals bakmak
grease ag, aglamak
great beik, bary, asly
owluk
great-grandson
greed a gzlylyk, betnebislik,
husytlyk
greedy a gz, betnebis, husyt,
gysgan
Greek grek(r)
green ayl, gk
greet grmek, garyldamak,
salamlamak
grenade granat(r)
grid tor
grief hasratvtukatlyk
ygylmak, tukatlanmak,
grieve
ynjatmak
grieved gynan ly
grill daglamak
grin glmjiremek, syrtartmak,
yrarmak
grind klkelemek,
madalamak, taplamak,
okamak, trplemek,
wemek
grip gysmak, tutma
grits arma
groan hyklamak, nalamak
groats arma
groceries bakalea(r)
grocery store bakalea(r)
groin gasyk
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gross harsal
ground medan a, toprak
grounds ldere
group tapgyr, topar, toplum,
kollektiw(r), kruok(r), sri,
top
grow kpelmek, ggermek,
idetmek, sdrmek, smek,
ulalmak, ulaltmak
grow foggy dumanlamak,
mezlemek
grow heavy agralmak
grow in a circle tegelenmek
grow leaves apraklamak
grow more
beautiful agylanmak,
agylamak
grow old gartamak
grow quiet dimek
grow stale gatamak
grow still kenek
grow stronger eikmek
grow taller begelmek
grow thin horlanmak
grow tired of bizar bolmak
grow up np-smek, nmek
grow weary adamak
growl houldamak, h
rdemek, hrdi, hy
ranmak
grown garta
grownup ullakan
growth s
grumble houldamak, h
rdemek, igenmek
grumbling hrdi, igen ,
igenje, igenjelik
grunt horkuldamak
guarantee gw, kepillik,
zamun, kepil bolmak
guard garawul, gwardin(r)
guardian hossar
ak etmek
guess
guest myhman
guest room myhmanhana
guide prowodnik(r),
wojaty(r), azlamak,
retmek
guild seh(r)
guile mekirlik
guilty gnli, mnli, azykly
guilty one gnkr
guilty person sebpkr
guise maska(r)
guitar gitar
gulf alag
gullet gyzyldek, dek
gulp owurt
gulp down jykytmak
gun pistolet(r)
gun-scope didivan

gun-sight didivan
gunshot (sound of a) gmpldi
gurgle lygyrdy, hokurdamak,
lygyrdamak
gurgling lakyrdy
gush jomak, zogdyrylmak
gushing jogunly
gusset begeik
gust twele, flemek
gust of wind elgin
gutter ternaw
gym bedenterbie
gymnastics gimnastika(r)
H
habit endik, wrendekli, gylyk,
urp-adat
haggle swdalamak
hail doly, jwenek
hair sa , t
hairy tlek
half arpy, arty, ary,
arym, pol(r)
half asleep oaly-ukuly
alajan
half-dead
hall zal(r), koridor(r),
sapallamak
haloxylon ojar
halter (for a horse) nogta
eki , ekis, (of a
hammer
firearm) me
hammer in kakmak
hand el, gol, eltmek
handful goawu , gysym,
anawu
handkerchief elaglyk
handle tutawa , ellemek,
ellemek
handle bar spent
handless golak, golsuz
handmade hnrment ilik
handsome ka a, nurana
handwriting azma a,
po erk(r)
handy amatly
hang asylmak, ildirmek,
sallanmak
hang out semek
hang up asmak
hanging peg asgy
hank (of thread) kelep
happen bolmak
happiness egilik
happy hobagt, malaly,
mon a bolmak, sapaly, at,
oh, (with luck) bagtly
hard gaty, owuz, m gil,
atlama
hard-fought aldym-berdimli
harden bekemek, gatamak
ala
hardly
hardly possible gmana
hardness gatylyk
hardworking ileir, janypke,
ieir, jepake
hardy dzmli
harm amanlyk, zelel, zyan,
hyanat etmek, hyanat
harmful zelelli
ekimiz
harmonious
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harmony razylyk, ylalyyk
harness hamyt, hamytlamak
harrow mala, malalamak,
borona(r)
harvest hasyl, ygnanyyk
harvester komban(r)
haste gyssagara
hasten alasatmak
hasty howul-hara
hat lapa(r), telpek, yrdak
hatchway luk(r)
hate igrenmek
hateful ygren , igrenji
hatred igren
haughtiness tekepbirlik
haughty tekepbir
have a bite dilemek
have a cold dmewlemek
have a dream d grmek
have a dust storm sowurmak
have a little chat gmramr etmek
have a party tolamak
have a premonition syzmak
have a snack rkese edinmek
have doubts mkrlenmek
have free time sypynmak
have occasion (to) miesser
hawk gyrgy
hay bede, silos(r)
haydust pide
haze duman
hazy gamayk
he ol
head ba, kelle, na alinik(r),
mdir
head for nelmek
head of the table tr
head scarf alynday
headquarters tab(r)
health aman, hal, hal-ahwal,
saglyk
healthy bardaly, gurgun, sag,
sagat, sagdyn, daaw, saggurgun
heap topbak, ds
hear eitmek
hear about di salmak
hearsay owaza
heart rek
heartbeat grsldi
hearth ojak
heartless birehim, rehimsiz
hearty ykjam
og, gyzmalyk, howur,
heat
jwza, tebit, omak,
gyzgynlyk, gyzymak,
ylatmak, ylynmak,
ounmak, gyzdyrmak,
gyzmak, tutadyrmak
heat rash tengin

heat up ylamak, yssylamak
heavy agramly, agyr, saldamly,
ullakan
heavy rain jala
hectacre gektar(r)
hedgehog kirpi
heed tia
heel kje
hegemony gegemonia(r)
heifer twe
height belentlik, beiklik, bo
helicopter wertolot(r)
hell dowzah
helmet lem(r)
help dalda, hara, hemaat,
ardam, kmeklemek,
ardam etmek, (as an
exclamation) dat-bidat!
help find something tapymak
help off drmek
helped by arkaly
helper kmek i
helpful okumly, hayrly
helva halwa
hem sepgit, jhek, tikmek
hemp kenep
hen mkian
hen coop ketek
henceforth wrlip
henceforward dagy-duwara
herd sri
here u tada, u erde, bri,
brik, endan
here you are ine
here! me
heritage miras
hermitage sergezdan ylyk,
sergezdanlyk
hero gero(r), plwan,
gahryman, obraz
heroic gahrymanlar a
heroism gahryman ylyk
herpes demrew
herring takgaz
herself z
hesitate sagynmak, sginmek,
haal-agallyk etmek
hesitation irgin, irime
hetman balyk
hew ylmamak
hi salam, hey
hiccup syn gylawuk
hidden gizlin
hide ayrmak, jalamak,
ygyrmak
hide and seek (game) bukullym
hide away bukmak
hide from ga alak etmek,
a alaklamak
hide-and-seek gizlenpe ek
hideous geliksiz
high and low beikli-pesli
high flown epe

high-heeled shoes ibil
higher ekabyr
highway magistral(r), osse(r)
hill ala, bayr, sbk, depe,
tmmek
himself z
hip but
hiss jazyrdy, uwwuldy,
yglamak, jazyrdamak
historian taryh y
historical taryhy
history taryh
hit patlamak
hoarse garjayk
hobble ketiklemek,
ksseklemek
hockey hokke(r)
hoe ktmen, ktmenlemek
hold eklemek, tutmak
hold back
(something) jylawlamak
hold fast to apymak
hold in hand ideklemek
hold up eglemek
arkandak, ukanak,
hole
ukur, ukurlyk, deik, hin
holler azgyrylmak
hollow kw, prsv ketlik,
pu
holy mukaddes
home , atakhana
homemaker hojalyk y
homogeneous hili-bir hili
hone garamak
honest akgwnli, dogru yl,
kemally, wepaly
honestly walla
honesty pklik
honey bal
honk uwlamak, tarlamak
honor hormat, hormatlamak,
sylag
honored hormatly
hoof syral, tonak
eek, garak, ilimek,
hook
iltemek, gayr ak
hook onto tirkemek
hook the catch kiltlemek
hoop guraw
hoot uwlamak, tarlamak
apmak
hop
hope tama, umyt, arkalanmak,
tama etmek, umyt etmek
hope chest sandyk
hopeless gutulgysyz,
ykgynsyz
horizontal gorizontal(r), kese
horizontally keselein,
keseligine
horn (of an animal) ah
horned ahly

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hornless (without horns) kelek
horror aylgan
horse at, gylal, konki(r), aby
horse jockey seis
horse race at capysyk
horse's bit agyzzyryk
horse-cloth July
horsecloth palan(r)
horseshoe nal
hose lang(r)
hosiery trikota(r)
hospitable myhmanser
hospital gospital(r), keselhana
hospitality hezzet,
myhmanserlik
host hojayn, hyzmat etmek
hostel atakhana
hot gyzgyn, jokrama, yssy, ajy
hot to trot dyzma
hot-house teplisa(r)
hot-tempered gyzma
hotel myhmanhana
hound tazy, kpek
hour sagat
hour's worth sagatlyk
house , jaladyrmak, tam
household magala
housekeeper hojalyk y
how much? n e, nden
how? nhili, ntsli
howl hazlamak, uwlamak,
zrletmek
hubbub owhun
huge girt, mhnet, pet
hum gwwldemek, hyzlamak
human ynsan
humanity adamzat, ynsanyet
humble trkana
humid dymyk, nemli, yzgarly
yglyk
humidity
humiliate kemsitmek
humility uwalyk
humorous glkli, glkn
hump rk , rk
rntgi
humus
hunch kkertmek
hunchbacked kki
hunched brkr
Hungary wengr(r)
hunger ajykmak
hunk ker
hunt aw, awamak, awlamak,
awatmak, awuamak
hunter aw y, yrdar
hurl pyzmak
hurricane harasat
hurried alasan, gyssagly,
howul-hara
hurry emek, gyssagara,
howlykmak, alasamak,
gyssamak

hurry about gamalamak
hurry someone
up howlukdyrmak
hurry up hadatmak,
howlukmak
hurt keli, agyrmak, agyrtmak
husband r
husband's sister bajy
atma, kme
hut
hutzpah garat
hybrid gibrid(r)
hydrogen wodorod(r)
hygiene gigiena(r)
hymn gimn(r)
hypnotizer gzbag y
hypocrisy jglik
hypocritical jgi
I
I men
I see! h
I think... meni e
ice buz
ice-cream dodurma,
morony(r)
ice-crusted sr ek
idea idea(r), o, pikir
ideal ideal(r)
identical bir menzes, birmeze
identity ahs, ahsyet
ideological ideologik(r)
ideology ideologia(r)
idiom idioma(r)
idiomatic idiomatik(r)
idle bikr, aman, pewagtna,
alta
idleness altalyk
if eger (de), kag
if not bolmasa
alasowatlyk,
ignorance
jahyllyk, nadanlyk, ntanylyk
ignorant gapyl, jahyl, nadan,
alasowat
ill agyry, aza, dert, keselli,
syrkaw, hassa, nsag
ill person syrkaw
ill-bred kakaba
ill-informed gapyl
ill-mannered kakaba
illegal kanunsyz, gizlin
illiteracy sowatsyzlyk
illiterate sowatsyz
illness emgek, hassalyk, kesel,
nholyk, nsaglyk, syrkawlyk
illuminate hlelendirmek,
agtyltmak
illustrated suraty
illustration illustrasia(r)
illustrative illustratiw(r)
imaginary hyally,
fantastika(r)
imagination fantazia(r)
imbue tmmeklemek
imitate knmek
imitation asama
aksyz, ensiz
immeasurable
immediate at hand nobatdaky,
nobatky
immediately bada-bat, zwwe,
gmelte, badyna
aksyz, ensiz
immense
mdrmek
immerse
immortal lmez-itmez

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immortalize ebediledirmek
imp haramzada
impassioned gyzykmak
ydamsyz
impatient
imperative hkman
imperceptibly ogryn a
imperialism imperializm(r)
imperialistic imperialistik(r)
imply dimek2
impolite edepsiz
impoliteness edepsizlik
import import(r),
importirlemek(r)
import/export duty gmrk
importance hmiet
important dahylly, mhm,
wajyp, bajyp, derways
impoverish gedalamak
impress tsir galdyrmak
impression tsir
impressionable dugur
impressive tsirli
imprison trm basmak, trm
basmak
improve gowulandyrmak,
gowylandyrmak,
kmilledirmek,
agylandyrmak
improve oneself kmillemek
improved gurat
improvement guratlyk
in i inde
in a big way gerim
in a day gnaa
in a grand style gerim
in a short time mhlet
in a word mahlasy
in addition ste, stesine
in addition to ondan hem
baga, dayndan
in agreement with razy
in conformity with layklykda
in disagreement jet
ynlaka
in earnest
in front of nde
in full supply pjn
in general garaz
in good spirts hda yk
in great detail jikme-jik
in my opinion... meni e
in one's way pewagtna
in order ugrukdyrmak
in pairs ikibir
in place of erine
in relation to degili
in short mahlasy
in the beginning bada
in the front ilerik, ilerlegini,
in the future wrlip
in the past
in the pre-dawn aladandan

in the summer tomsma
in truth dogrusy, hakykatdan
in turns gezegine, gezekgezigine
in your style seni e
in-law gayn
inaccessible eleter
inappropriate erliksiz
incapable bigarat
incendiary tutadyryjy
incessant oknasyz
incessantly tkeniksiz
incidental gidiini
incision kertik
incline apgyt, yrmak
incoherence ke jelik
income gipdeji
emesiz
inconvenient
incorrect ters, ndogry
increase artdyrma, artmak,
bulukmak, kpelmek,
kpeltmek, ulaltmak
incredibly juda
incubation inkubasion(r),
inkubasia(r)
incubator inkubator(r)
inculcate ornadyrmak
indebted to karzyna
indecent haasyz
indefatiguable galadaw
indent gaartmak
independence garasyzlyk,
zbadaklyk, zbadaklyk
independent garasyz, zbadak
indestructible, sarsmaz
index grkeziji, indeks(r)
Indian style abogda
indicator grkezgi
indifference biperwalyk,
perhalyk
indifferent biparh, biperwa,
parhsyz, perbasyz
individual January
Indonesian indonezialy(r)
industrial industrial(r)
industrialize industrialadyrma
k(r)
industrious janypke
industry industria(r), senagat
ineffective netijesiz
inefficient etiiksiz
inept nalajedein
inept person tamakin
inequality desizlik
inescapable ala syz
inevitability ala syzlyk
inexpensive arzan
inexperienced jahyl
infection infeksia(r)
infectious okan , okan ly
infidel kapyr
inflame tatamak
isme, ime
inflammation
inflate gbermek, ismek,
iirmek, pkretmek, ismek
inflated emallamak,
emallatmak
inflection infleksion(r)
inflict harm zarbykdyrmak
influence tsir, tsir etmek
influential tsirli
inform ugullamak, habar
etmek, dudurmak, idemek
informal good-bye ho
information informasia(r),
informasion(r), izweenie,
derek
informative manyly, derekli
ingratiate alym-ulumetmek
inhabited area mekan
inherit miras almak
inheritance miras
initial ilkinji, ilki
initially bada, ilkibada,
ilkibada
initiative inisiatiwa(r)
injection ukol(r)
injure kesdirmek
injuries ke-kine
injury ke
injustice adalatsyzlyk
ink sya
ink cartrige sterzhen(r)
inlay galamak
inlayed stones ga
inlet bogaz
inner region i eri
innocence bignlik,
azyksyzlyk
innocent bign, azyksyz,
gnsiz
innovation tzelik ilik
innovator tzelik i
innumerable egsilmez
inoculate pewent etmek
intgemek, htde
inquire
gelmek, aramak
inquire about egermek
insect mjek
insects mr-mjek
insecure aljyray, mkr
insensibly ogryn a
insert sokmak
inside i , i eri, i inde, wre
insides i erik, i erki
insignificant ujypsyz
inspect esetmek
inspection inspeksia(r)
inspector inspektor(r)
inspiration ruhubelentlik,
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inspire gunumak,
ruhlandyrmak,
ganatlandyrmak
inspired ruhubelent
installation montaA(r)
instant lampa, ma
instantaneous alpa
instead of deregine
institute institut(r)
institution edara
instruct wretmek
instruction instruksia(r),
tlim, wagyz-nesihat
instructor instruktor(r)
instrument gural, esbap
instruments abzallar
insufficient etmez ilik
etledirmek
insulate
etlemek
insulated
insult kine, nadyllyk
insurance strahowanie(r)
intact abat, sazlamak, saz
intactness abatlyk
integral integral(r)
integrated plant kombinat(r)
integrity ar-namys
intellectual akyldar
intelligence
officer razwedka y(r)
intelligent intelligent(r)
intend hyallanmak,
nietlemek
intended for in
intense gyzgalaly, dartgynly,
gyzgyn
intensify gyzdyrmak,
gjemek
intensity gyzgynlyk
intention hyal, niet, pl,
pygyl
intercept gabatlamak
alyk
interchange
intercity herara
interest hwes, meil, hwes,
gyzyklandyrmak
interesting gyzykly, hezil,
tsirli
intermediary ara y
international halkara,
intenasional(r)
interrogation sorag
interrupt kesmek
intersect kesimek
interval ara, interwal(r), aralyk
intervention interwensia(r)
interview interwu(r)
intestine i ege, i
intimacy rekdelik
intimate rekde
ydamsyz
intolerant

intonation intonasia(r)
intrepid gaduwsyz
introduce tanalmak,
tanydyrmak
introduction giri, sz
invade zabt etmek
invalid inwalid(r), mayp
invent olap tapmak, tostoslamak
inventor inwentor(r), olap
tapyjy
inventory u ot(r)
investigative ideg-sorag
investment goum
invincible eilmez
agary, akylyk
invitation
agarmak, agyrmak
invite
involuntarily biala
involuntary biygtyar
Irish irlandialy
iron tklemek(r), demir, (for
clothing) tk(r)
ironic kinaaly
ironical kinaaly
irony kinaa
irreplacable tapylgysyz
irreproachable birkemsiz,
kemsiz
irrigate joalmak
irrigation ditch joa
irritate gyjynmak
island ada
etledirmek
isolate
isolation izolasion(r),
izolasia(r)
isolator izolator(r)
issuance neir
it ol
it can be meger
Italian italan
itch giji, gikilewik
itch oneself skenmek
J
yrmayk
ivy
ommaltmak
jab
jabber jedirdemek
jack tepsel(r)
jackal agal
jackdaw zakyja
jacket jilt, penjek
jam/jelly mrepbe
jam in dykmak
jangles dwme
Japan aponia
Japanese apon
jar banka(r)
jealous gabanja
jealousy grbilmez ilik
jeer syrtartmak
jeren jeren
jester masgarabaz
jeweler zergr
jingle yyrdy, alamak, a
yrdamak, yyrdamak, ti
irdemek, tiirdetmek, tiirdi,
drdemek
jog gezer
join baglamak, sepimek,
seplemek
joined baglajy
joint baglanyyk, sepgit, tikin
joke degimek
joke around bl iremek
joker degigen, wi
jokingly wi
jolt or shake siltemek
journal urnal(r)
journalist urnalist(r)
journey syahat, sapar,
syahat
joy begen , atlyk, agtylyk
joyful howagt, at, atlykly,
wele
joyfully weleli
jubilee ubile(r)
judge suda
jug kze
juggler onglor(r)
juggling onglorlyk(r)
juice ire
July iul
jump bkmek, towusmak
jump out zomp edip ykak
jumpy g gnli
junction uzel(r)
June iun
jungle jeel

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junk kne-kl
jury ori(r)
just halal, hut, la, adalatly,
ynsaply
just as dessine, misli
just like ele, ts
just now ayja
just so kepine
just the opposite gata
justice adalatlylyk, ynsap
juvenile ki i, etginjek
K
Kazahk Gazak, kazak
kebob kebap
kebob restaurant kebaphana
keenness eserdelik
keep tutmak, saklamak
keep at a distance ga a
durmak
keep house eelik etmek
keep quiet jykyny ykarmazlk
keep a secret lak bolmak
kerosene nebit
key a ar, eme
kick depmek
ebis
kid
kidney bwrek, pyntyk
kidney beans noba
aga- uga
kids
kill gyrmak, ldrmek,
gyrylmak
kilogram kilogram(r)
kilometer kilometr(r)
kin asyl
kind patya, sort(r)
agalar bagy
kindergarden
kindergarten primer harplyk
king a
kiosk kiosk(r)
Kirghiz gyryz
kisel kisel
kiss p, ogamak, pmek,
pmek
kiss each other p mek,
ogamak
kitchen kuhna
knapsack gotorba
knead myn gamak,
uwgurmak, elemek
knee dyz, tirsek
anak
kneecap
kermek, ke dmek
kneel
knife py ak, py aklamak
knit rmek, imek, rmek
ytmak
knit the browns
knock arkyldy, tyrkyldy,
aknymak, arkyldamak,
tarkyldamak, tarkyldatmak,
tarsuldamak, taaklamak,
tykyrdatmak, tyrkyldamak,
tyrkyldatmak, tykyrdamak,
kakmak
knock down ykmak
knocking tarkyldy
knoll depe
knot syrma, itim, dwmek
know bilmek
know deeply ele almak

know somebody tanamak
know-how ussatlyk
know-nothing hlepus
knowledgeable dnjeli,
bilimli
knowledge a-bilim, bilim,
ylym
known mlim, tany
known person tany
Kremlin kreml(r)
kurd krt

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labor zhmet
laboratory laboratoria(r)
laboratory worker laborant(r)
lace bagjyk, bag, kjemek
lacerate tt-mt etmek
lack kemlik, kst
lacquer lak(r), laklamak
lactate elin gozgamak
ladder merdiwan
ladel gg
olpy, susak
ladle
lair sren
lake kl
lamb guzy, tokly
lame agsak
lament ahmyr etmek, ahmyr,
ygyrmak
yra, lampa(r)
lamp
land urt, lke, er, tarap,
toprak, gonmak
land a plane gondyrmak,
pessalamak
elgi
landmark
landscape landshaft(r), pea(r)
language dil
lank takyr
lap etek
iik, esli
large
larynx kekirdek
lashes pazyl
last ahyrky, ahyryn, ten,
gutarnykly, soky
lastest ter
latch onto tirkemek
late gi , gi ki
late afternoon ikindin
later so, sora
latest tze
lathe tokar(r)
latitude (geographical) gilik
lattice gzenek
laugh hykyrdy, glmek,
jakyrdamak, jykyrdamak, (of
large groups) glmek,
(loudly) pakyrdamak
laughing stock onatgy
laughter glki, jakyrdy
launch kater
lavish adyl, jomart
lavishness jomartlyk
law kanun, weset
lawless bikanun, kanunsyz
lawlessness kanunsyzlyk
lawyer aklaw y
lay pollamak, erledirmek

lay down azmak
lay down
arms aragsyzlanmak
lay eggs umurtgalamak
layer gat, gatlak, topar,
okundy
layered gatlakly
laziness altalyk
aman, ezenek,
lazy
altanmak, alta
lazybones bihepbe
lead azlamak, rejelemek,
timarlamak, alyn
lead (metal) gurun
leader serdar, olba y
leadership olba ylyk
leaf aprak
leak syrykmak, dkmek
lean anamak, hor, gyarmak,
semek, aplamak
lean against aplanmak
lean on one's
elbows assanmak
lean over abanmak
leanse saplamak
leap towusmak, pykyrmak, se
kildemek
leap off indermek
learn wrenmek, wrenmek
learning tlim, taglymat
leash rk, rklemek
leather gay, gn, deri, teletin
leather bag sana
ykmak
leave
leave behind rtmek
leaven gor, maa
leavening hamyrmaa,
hamyrtury
lecture pent
ledge kert
leech slk
leeward ele, yk
ep
left
ep
left side
left-behind galak
epbeke
left-handed person
left-over galak
leftovers galak-gal ak
leg aak
leg-wrappings dolak
legal kanuny
legality kanunlylyk, kanunylyk
legalize resmiledirmek,
kanunladyrmak
legend rowaat
leggy aakly
mhreklik
legibility
mhrek
legible
legitimacy kanunlylyk,
kanunylyk
legitimate kanuny
legitimize kanunladyrmak
leguminous kskli
length dowan, uzaklyk,

uzynlyk
lengthen uzaltmak
lengthy dowanly
Leo (zodiac sign) ir
lessen azalmak
lesson sapak
let down myssarmak
let escape sypdyrmak
let fall ga yrmak
let go sypdyrmak, gobermek
let in girizmek, hekgermek
let loose ga yrmak
letter hat, hat
level tekje, endiganlamak
liar aldaw y, alan y
libel myjabat
liberal jomart
liberalness jomartlyk
library kitaphana
license ygtyar, aatnama
lick one's lips tamanmak
lickspittle aranja
lid pokryka(r)
ypdyrma, aldaw, aldamak,
lie
ermek
lie down uzanmak, atmak
life durmu, gzeran, mr,
mr, aay, January,
mydar
life-long companion hemra
lifeless jansyz
lifelong mrlik
lifting ktel
light agtylyk, eil,
ylpyldy, yyk, rwen
light/sky blue mawy
lightbulb lampo ka(r)
lighten eletmek
lighter elemek, elemek
lightheartedness wilik
yplak, ypla
lightly dressed
lightning yldyrym
lightning strike yldyrym
akmak
lightwited eilkelle
like kimin, misli, aly, tsli,
ekilli, gowy grmek, halamak,
pisint oturmak, aramak
like (one another) halamak
like a seizure kakynly
like that ele, hol
like-minded pikerde
liken mezetmet
likeness meze lik
len(r)
limb
lime hek
limit het
ksiz
limitless
limp agsamak
yzyk, setir, trassa(r), hatar
line
line up setilemk

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linen polotno(r)
linger haal-agallyk etmek,
tsgenmek, ykmak
lining agyrni lik
lion arslan, olbars
lip dodak
liquid uwan, suwuk,
suwuklyk
liquify zaleek
list tablisa, ugur
listen dilemek, dilemek
listen attentively gulak asmak,
gulak salmak
listen to diirgemek
listener dileji
literacy sowat
literal harma-harp
literary edebi
literate sowatly, sowatly
literature edebiat
litter zibil
little az, ownuk, uak
little bells dwme
little book depder e
little brother ini
ebek
little bunny
little by little az-azdan,
gitdigi e
little cakes pirony(r)
little children oglan-u ak
little cup pyaluka
little dictionary szlklik
little finger klembibi
little knot dwn ek
little rascal bezzat
little slice gyak
live aamak
live coals kz
lively janly
liver bagyr
livestock mal, dowar
livestock
breeding maldar ylyk
living aay
living quarters mesgen
lizard as, hauk, kelpeze,
suwulgan
load k, zaradlamak,
oklamak
load up klemek
loaded kli
loader k i
loading zaradka(r)
loaf around ykmak
loam la, toun
loamy tounsow
loan zaom(r)
lobby foe(r)
local orunly, oturymly, erli
located erlemek
location esgerlik

lock gulp, gulplamak,
petilemek
ekirtge
locust
log naw
loiter kakamak
lone eke
loneliness aralyk
long sgn, uzyn, tukatlanmak,
uzak
long ago bir ak, hli, kpden
ygylmak, ymtylmak
long for
long-distance herara
long-lasting pugta
longitude uzynlyk, uzaklyk
look grn, kysym, nazar, kep,
garay, kw salmak
look after seretmek
look around garanjaklamak
look at esetmek, etmek,
seretmek
look for eklemek, agtarmak,
selpemek
look for someone indemek
look like mezemek
look over akarmak, etmek
loom stanok(r), hellewlemek
loop halka, petle(r)
loose umak
zmek, umamak
loosen
looseness umaklyk
lose basylmak, utdurmak,
itirmek
lose a game eilmek, utulmak
lose energy ysgynsyzlanmak
lose weight iglemek
loss itgi, yra
lot bije, l, tle
lottery loterea(r)
asly, owhunly
loud
love mhir, sgi, yk, smek
love of work jepakelik, ijelik
love one another smek
lover of the wild hyrdar
lover of work ije
ket, r, pes
low
low-life aaky
ket, aaklamak,
lower
myssarmak, sallamak,
azdyrmak
lower jaw
lowering eaak
ketlik
lowlands
luck bagt
lucky malaly, hobagt
lull huwwalamak, hermek,
hwdlemek
lullaby hwdi
lump kesek, lokga, dwm
lunch gnortanlyk nahar
lung ken, ken
lungs bagyr-ken
akanmak
lurch
lustre lowurdy, alpyldy

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M
ma'am daza
algy
machete
machine mainka(r), mayn
machine gun pulemot(r)
machinery) kneltmek
machinist mainist(r)
machmaker saw y
mad guduz, telbe
made of edilen
magazine urnal(r)
magic jady
magician jadyg
magnet magnit(r)
magnify ulalmak
magpie alahekik
mail po ta
mailman po talon(r)
mainland materik
maintenance mazmun,
saklay
majestic belent
major maor(r)
make marka(r), asamak, hars,
etmek
make a bed gowlamak
make a bet jedel etmek
make a call jyyrdatmak
make a case delillendirmek
make a fist umruklamak
make a fuss izzildemek
make a hole demek
make a hole in kwmek
make a noise gyk-bak etmek,
agyrdamak, aggyldamak
make a pact wadalamak
make a place home erlemek
yky etmek
make a speech
make a stop duruzmak,
dlemek
make a tool abzalladyrmak
make a trade swda etmek
make accurate sazlamak
make acquaintance tanymak
make an abstract
of kospektirlemek(r)
make an agreement razylamak
make an effort emgemek
make an incision kertmek
make an indistinct
noise dkrdemek
make an offer teklip etmek
make angry gaharjandyrmak,
gazaplandyrmak
make at home jaladyrmak

make beautiful owadanlamak
make better gowulandyrmak,
gowulamak
make black garaltmak
make bulging epbedirmek
make clear subut etmek,
anyklamak, adyladyrmak
ukuralmak, u
make deeper
almak
make dry kakatmak
make even delemek
make fine irlemek
make glassy analamak
make haste alasamak
make hay siloslamak
make hooked garylamak
make it to gowumak
make in time etimek
make known bellenmek,
bildirmek
make larger ulaltmak
make laugh gldrmek
make merry bl iremek
make more
frequent ygjamlatmak
make more
ukuralmak
profuse
make muddy pal ykyldamak
make noise gykylyklamak,
wagyrdamak
make old garratmak
make oneself
useful pedalanmak
make a sign belgilemek
make peaceful parahatlanmak
make smaller uatmak
make someone
content kanagatlandyrmak
make someone
wait garadyrmak
make someone work iletmek
make someone
insecure aljyratmak
make something better o
atlandyrmak
make something
crumble owratmak
make something
drip sarkyrmak
make something
rhyme kapyaladyrmak
make
specific konkretledirmek(r)
make stand turuzmak
make still durlamak,
arkaynlamak
make thin in eltmek
make up ylalamak, aramak
make up one's mind karara
gelmek
make use of hayrlanmak
make weak gowatmak
make well abadanladyrmak
make yellow saralmak

make-up grim(r), kosmetika(r),
dzm
malaria gyzzyrma, ysytma
male nurse sanitar(r)
malevolent betniet, betpl
malfunction kellebaaak
malice hyanat
malicious gyyr, hyrsyz
mallet tokmak
man erkek, adam
man of letters edebiat y
manage oarmak, beem ilik
etmek, dolandyrmak, edara
etmek
management dolandyrys,
uprawlenie(r), prowlenie(r)
manager beem i,
uprawleniaui(r), mdir
mandarin mandarin
mandatory hkman
maneuver manowr(r)
manger asli(r)
mangle typan an, tagan ak
mangy kel, gotur
manly mert
manner edhet, usul, tr
manure dkn
manuscript golazma
many en eme, kp
many-floored gatbar-gatbar
map karta
March mart(r)
march r, dimlemek
marching nyzam
mare batal
mark hsietlendirmek,
alamat, baha, nyan, tedar,
habar, nyana
marketable rgnli
marking tedar
marksman mergen
marksmanship mergenlik
marriage nika
married (of a girl) durmua
ykan
married couple r-aal
marry nikalamak
marry (of a girl) durmua
ykmak
marsh sgeiklik
marshall mar al(r)
marshy (adj.) sgeik
martial law harby agda
martyr ejir, ezet
marvel gudrat
marvelous tsin
marxism marksizm(r)
marxism-leninism marksizmleninizm(r)

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marxist marksistik(r)
mask maska(r)
masquerade maskarad(r)
mass kp lik, massa(r), jisim,
tp
mass death gyrgyn
mass meeting miting(r)
massage massaA(r), owkalamak
mast bogaldak
master senet i, senet ilik, ussa,
asajy, halypa, hojayn,
ussat, zledirmek,
trgenlemek
eper ilik, eperlik,
mastery
ussa ylyk, ussatlyk
match otlu p, kkrt, dw
matchmaker saw ylar
material maddy, material(r),
materia(r)
materialism materializm(r)
materialistic materialistik(r)
math tangens(r)
mathematical matematiki(r)
mathematics matematika(r)
matt gsi
matted gn
matter i, jisim, madda,
materia(r), i
mattress dek e
mature nmek
maturity etenlik
mausoleum mawzole(r)
may mmkin
May ma
may peace be upon
you salawmalekim
mayor hkim
me men, llezar, llezarlyk,
emen
meal bi-du, a- rek, nahar
mean akymsyz, dimek2,
nietlemek
mean-spirited gaharly
meaning hmiet, many
meaningless batnyksyz,
bolgusyz
means eklen , seride, tr
meanwhile hzirlik e
ak, l eg, en,
measure
l emek, l emek
measurement l ei
meat et
meatpie somsa(r)
meaty etli
mechanic mehanik(r),
mainist(r)
ertor(r)
mechanical drawing
(r)
mechanics mahanika

mechanism mehanizm(r)
mechanization mehanizasia(r
)
mechanize mehanizmle dirme
k(r)
medal medal(r), eton(r)
medical assistant feldsher(r)
medicine derman, em,
medisina(r)
meditate on diir genmek
meekness uwalyk
meet grmek, garyldamak,
u ramak, du gelmek,
dumak, duumak, tanymak,
grmek, gary, tany bolmak
meet someone satamak,
olukmak
meeting duuyk, oturylyyk,
barlyyk
melancholy tukatlyk
melodiousness labyz
melody labyz, mukam, he
melon gawun
melonfield bakja
melt eremek
member agza, len(r)
lenlik
membership
membrane perde
memorial ceremony aat
memory hakyda, hu, adygr
menace habat
mend dz etmek, amamak
mental ruhy
mention someone
else agzamak
menu menu(r)
meow mawlamak
mercantilism nebisjelik,
nebsewrlik
merchant swdager, swdagar
merciful ge irimli
mercury simap
meridian meridian(r)
merit hyzmat, mertebe
merlin gyrgy
merrily hda yk, weleli
merriment adyanlyk, agala
merry bl ik, sapaly, adyan,
wele, howagt, mes, agala
ly, oh
message tabyryk, maglumat,
sargyt
metal metal(r)
metallurgy metallurgia(r)
meter metr(r)
method metod(r), tr, usul
methodical metodik(r)
methodist (one who is skilled in
methodologies) metodist(r)
methods metodika(r)
microbe mikrob(r)
microphone mikrofon(r)
microscope mikroscop(r)
middle ara, orta, ortaky, ortanjy
middle-sized aralyk
midnight ary gije
might kuwwat
mighty pet
mild tultuk, myssyk
militancy swelyk
militant swejen
militarize harbyladyrmak
military harby
military service goun ylyk
militia milisia(r)
milk st, st, sagmak
milkmaid sagym y
milky stli
mill degirmen, haraz
millet dary
millimeter millimetr(r)
million million(r)
mimic knmek
mince eljiremek
mind akyl, a, kelle, rek, at
mine ahta(r)
miner ahta y(r), ahtor(r)
mineral mineral(r)
minister ministr(r)
ministry ministrlik(r)
mint narpyz, ekankalamak,
yrpmak
minty narpyzly
minus sign minus(r)
minute minut(r), klke, mada
minutely jikme-jik
miracle gudrat
mirage sagym, salgym
mirror ana
mischief betlik
misconstrue omak
miser gysgan
miserly gysgan
misfortune betbagtlyk
misinformed bihabar
mispronounce pelteklemek
mispronunciation peltek
miss my mak, sypdyrmak,
rek gysmak
miss someone intizar bolmak
missed sowa
mission tabyryk, missia(r)
missle snaard
igrek, duman
mist
mistake aly
mistaken telek
misty dumanly
mix bulamak, garydyrmak,
gatmak
mix in garydyrmak

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mix up alydyrmak,
buladyrmak
mix with garmak
mixed garyyk
mixed up duk, olamak
moan hyklamak, nala, nalamak,
ilemek, izzildemek
mob mele
mobile g me
mobilization mobilizasia(r)
mobilize mobilizlemek(r)
model gredeli, model(r),
marka(r)
moderate madal
moderately aram
modern hzirki, tze
modest ki igwnli
modification tgeiklik
modify tgetmek
ygly, ygly, ig, nemli,
moist
alpy-ara
moisten ezmek, ezilmek
yglyk
moistness
yg, nem, yzgar, ze
moisture
moisturize zaleek
molasses toap
Moldovan moldowan
mole t
molecular molekular
molecule molekula
moment lampa, ma, pursat
momentarily apba
momentary alpa, minutlyk(r)
Monday duenbe
money pul
Mongol mongol
monkey mamyn
monotonous birhili
monster gorkun
monstrous person ganhor
month a
monthly alyk
monument monument(r),
adygrlik
monumental monumental(r)
moo molamak
mood tap, ht
moon a, ady
moonlit ady
moral moral(r), ahlak
morality moral(r)
morals moral(r)
morbidity arawsyzlyk
more than gowrak
morning ertir, irden
morsel tike
mortar minomot(r)
Moslem musulman
mosque metjit

mosquito aak y, irke,
ybyn
most i
most of the time galapyn
moth ge, irke
mother eje
motherhood ejelik
mother tongue ene dili
motor motor(r), dwigatel(r)
motorcyle motosikl(r)
motorized water
pump skwazhina(r)
motorship teplohod(r)
mount mnmek
mountain dag
mountain passage telgesi
mountain-dweller dagly
mourn gam cekmek,
zarynlamak
mournful zaryn, nalyly
mouse sy an, sy an
moustache murt
moustached murtly
mouth agyz
mouth harp gopuz
mouthful atagzy
move g , tigirlenmek,
togalanmak, yrgyldamak,
butnamak, g mek, hereket
etmek, herketlendirmek,
smek, smek
move oneself gozganmak
move something gozgamak
move something g rmek,
srmek
move away from uzaklamak
move backward garalmak
move forward ilerlemek,
smek
movement gatnaw, hereket,
gadam
much kn, kp, uly
mucus nem
mud kir, pal yk, batga, or,
yrak, hapa, lk
muddle alydyrmak
muddy kirli
mulberry tut
mule gatyr
mule saddle gaa
mull over ikirjinlemek
mullah molla
multi-colored rebe-re, (2
colors) ala, (3 or more colors)
alabeder
multilateral kptaraply
multiply artdyrma, kpeltmek
mumble samramak, sarnamak
mumblings samyrdy
municipal kommunal(r)
Murat gezdirmek
murderer ganhor
murmur illirdi, hmrdemek,

illirdemek, irrildemek,
yrlamak
museum muze(r)
mushroom kmelek
music saz
music bow kemen e
musical sazly, saz
musician sazanda, sazandar
Muslim musulman
mustard gor itsa(r)
musucianship sanandarlyk
mute sessiz, lal
muteness lallyk
mutilation ikes
mutineer gozgala y
mutiny pitne, topala
mutter hmrdemek,
samramak, sarnamak
mutterings samyrdy
mutual zara
mutual aid arkalayk
mutual respect sylayk
muzzle tumuk
myself zm
mysterious syrly, syrly
mystery syr, syr, tilsim

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N
, lemek, (metal)
nail
myh, (finger or toe) dyrnak
naive mn
naked alana
name atlandyrmak
named after adydaky
namely atlayn, atly
namesake atda
nana eneke
napkin salfetka(r)
narrow atuzli, dar
nasty nejis
nation millet, halk, urt
national milli
nationality halkylyk, halkyet,
osetin, raat, millet
nationwide hlihalk,
umumyhalk
native stde
natural tebigy, kanuny
naturalist naturalist(r)
naturally formed bakja otak
nature tabigat
naught nol(r)
near duldegir, akyn, gola
nearly tas
neat rejeli
necessary derkar, gerek, gerekli,
zerur, hkman, mhm
necessity hkmany
neck boun
necklace monjuk
necktie galstuk(r)
need hajat, zerurlyk, hal-ahwal,
mt bolmak, (dire need)
mt lik
needed gerek, gerekli
needle ie, ie
needy mt
negative otrisatel
neglect sgermez ilik,
sgermezlik, harlamak
negotiate wadalamak
negotiated gepleik
negotiation(s) gepleikler
negotiations gepleik
neigh kiemek
neighbor goy, goy-golan
neighborhood twerek
neighboring goy
neighborly duldegir
nephew egen
nerve nerw(r), damar
nest hwrtge, hwrtge, jk
net setka(r), tor

neutral bitarap
neutrality bitaraplyk
new tze
new thing tzelik
atynja = tze
newlyweds
atynja
newness tzelik
news habar, hat-habar, tzelik
newspaper gazet(r)
next gola, indiki, nobatdaky,
nobatky, indi, hwrtgelemek
next time indikile
nibble gemirmek
nice grkana, grmego,
akymly, gzel, mylaym
nickel aylyk, ay
nickname lakam
niece egen, egen i
night gije
nightingale bilbil
nightmare garabasma
nightsoil dkn
nimble wrk
nine dokuz
ninety togsan
ninth dokuzynjy
nintieth toganynjy
nitrogen azot(r)
no ok, dl
no one yns-jyns
no-good warak
noble asylly
noise galmagal, goh, gopgun,
gykylyk, jenjel, aggyldy,
wagyr, zenzele, agyrdy, ses,
owhun
noisy galmagally, owhunly,
sesli
arwa
nomad
nomadic camp g
nominate bellenmek
nomination bellenme
non-stop dyngysyz, dynman
noodle soup una
k
nook
noon gnortan
noose hepbik, syrma
norm norma(r)
normal adat a, normal(r),
kadaly
north demirgazyk
northeast gara, demirgazykgndogar
northwest demirgazykgnbatar
nose burun
not dl
not a soul gum-gulluk
not at all te
not bad ganymat
not far golada
not full gowuz
not long ago golada, hli

not on good terms jet
not peaceful ouksyz
not present ok
not understandable dnksiz
not very on akly
not well nho
not well thought
out olanyyksyz
notable tanymal
notary notarius(r)
note habar, hat, (diplomatic or
musical) nota(r)
notebook depder
notepad bloknot(r)
nothing hi , yns-jyns
notice garayk
notification habardar
notion dnje, termin(r)
nourish imitlendirmek
nourishment imit
novel roman(r)
November noabr(r)
novice wrenje
now hzir, hzir, indi, indi
now then a
now and then aram-aram
nuclear adro(r)
nucleus zen
numb smelmek
number nomer(r), san, san,
sifr(r), mukdar, nomerlemek(r)
nurse emdirmek, naharlamak
nursery itilhana
nut hoz

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O
oar krek
oasis olyk
oat flour talhan
oath ant, kasam
oats sle
obesity semizlik
object obekt(r), predmet(r),
gary cykmak
objective obektiw(r)
obligatory hkmany
oblique gya, asy
obliterate egsan etmek
oblong snmek, sri
obscure bremek
obscurity tm, tmlk
obsenity sgn
observe syn etmek, synlamak
observe a
ceremony dabaralanmak
obstacle garsylyk, garylyk
obstacles psgel ilik
obstinacy ke lik, kesirlik
obstinance tutanerlik
obstinate dikddi, h jet, ke ,
ke jal, kejir, kesir, ketje,
tutanerli
obstruct bkdemek, germemek
obstruction bkden , germew
obtuse ke je, tnt
obvious anyk, aan, aylsayl, gz-grtele, gr,
grnetin, ady
obviously mese-mlim
obviousness grlik
occasion swlik
endan
occasionally
occupation okkupasia(r),
hnr, senet
occupied megul
occupy okkupirlemek
occur without help z-znden
occurence hadysa, hekaat
ocean deiz, okean(r)
October oktabr
odd bita, dagynyk
odd (in number) tk
odor ys
oesophagus dek
of course elbetde
offence nadyllyk, ke
offences ke-kine
offend gwnne degmek
offended keli, kineli, nadyl
offense etmi, kine
offer teklip, hdrlemek

office edara, kanselaria(r),
kontor(r), tipografia(r)
officer ofiser(r)
officer's mess ofiserlik
official resmi, gerbli
offshoot gol ur
often aglaba, ygy-ygydan
oh h
oh, yes h
oh! e-wa, wi
oh! gosh! wah
oh! oh boy! wa
oil nebit, aglamak, (cooking)
ag
oil worker nebit i
oilcloth kleonka(r)
oily agly
okay bolar, adat a, ho
old bary, garry, goja, kne
old age garrylyk
old person garry
old things kne-kl
old woman kempir
older emen , ekabyr
older brother aga
olive zetin
olympiad olimpiada(r)
olympics spartakiada(r)
omission propusk(r)
on boun a
on a diet berhizli
on an empty stomach ajze
on end syn-syn
on hand nagt
on purpose bilgelein
on the contrary tersine
on the part of babatda
on top okary, atlayn
onlooker tomaa y
once birwagt
once again tze e, amagan,
amagandan
once and for all dpgter,
dplein
once more ene
one bir, ekelik
one after the
other u dantutma, yzlyyzynda
one and all beikli-pesli
one and only eke-tk
one-blooded ganybir
one by one eke-eke
one day gnin
one hundred zlk
one hundredth znji
one of biri
one on one baa-ba
one way gidiin
one-sided birtaraplayn
oneness birlik, ekelik
onion sogan
only die, birlik, eke
ala
only a little
onset tutnak
onslaught tutnak
open a , gr, a mak, ha
latmat
open wide halatmat
open-hearted gwna yk,
mylakatly, akgwnli
opening a yly
openness grlik
opera opera(r)
operate agdalamak
operation operasia(r)
opinion ekspertizia(r), garay,
pikir
opposite ary, tersine
opposition garylyk
oppress anamak
oppression stem, zulum
or a, ada
or else ogsa, bolmasa
orally dilden
orange mmii
orbit orbita(r)
orbital orbital(r)
orchestra orkestr(r)
order dzgn-tertip, dzgnnyzam, hkm, narad,
orden, tertip, tertip-dzgn,
zakaz(r), dzgn, buurmak,
sargamak, sarmak
ordered tertipli
ordering dzgnnama
orderliness baly-barat
orderly dzwli
ordinal numbers tertip sanlar
ordinarily kplen
ordinary(r) radowo
ore magdan
organ organ
organic organik(r)
organism organizm(r), su
organization gurama
organize sahalladyrmak,
klendirmek, horlanmak,
guramak
organize a party tolamak
organizer gurama y
origin gelip yky, gzbay
original zboluly
originate gelip ykmak
ornament gl
orphan etim
orthographic orfografik(r)
orthography orfografia(r)
oscillate yrgyldatmak
oscillation yrgyldy
ostrich degu

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other baga
other people's keseki, kese
other things baga zat
others eleki
otherwise baga a, ogsa
otter gunduz
ouch! e-wk, wk
out (sports) aut(r)
out of control abany
out of reach eleter
out of the wind ele
out of tune bozulan
out of whack bozulan
outcry hakylyk, nrazy ylyk
outer daky, gyraky
outer space kosmos(r)
outfit enjamladyrmak
outline kospekt(r)
outline sudur, ekel
klenmek
outlined
outpost zastawa(r)
output ndrijilik
outside daary, daky
oval sri
ovary na a
over stayr
over the top okarlygyna
over there hanha, holha, honha
overalls kombinezon(r)
overcoat palto(r), inel(r)
overcrowded prepr
overfill preprlemek
overflow damak, jomak
overflowing prepr
overhear di salmak, di
lemek
overmuch agdyk
overnight atymlayn
overstretch gypjyndyrmak
overstuffed epbeik
overtake ozmak
overturn wrliik, wrlmek,
agdarmak
overwhelmed gamamak
owl bagu
own elin, stde, ee bolmak
owner ee
ownership ee ilik, hojalyk
oxygen kislorod(r)
P
pace depgip, ri
pack petde, gamladyrmak
package banderol(r), gap,
pedelemek
packed dykyz
packet paket(r)
paddle krek, kreklemek
paendeky pendeki
page sahypa
pail bedre, uluk
pain horluk, hupbat, azar
bermek, azar, yza
painful yzaly
painfulness arawsyzlyk
paint boag, rek, boamak,
reklemek
painting iwopis(r)
pair ta
pairless bita
pajamas pijama(r)
palace kk
pale akuzli, mele, solgun,
solgun
palm aa
palm of hand apbat
palow (pilaf) tw
pan taba
panacea melhem
pancake byzmyk
e
pane
panic dowul
panorama panorama(r)
pant hyssyldamak, daljykmak
pants balak, jalbar
paper kagyz
parallel ugurda
parcel posulka(r)
pardon alkamak
parents ata-ene, ene-atalar
park park(r)
parlance gep
parrot toty
part blek, rol(r), l, blmek
partial blekleyin
participant gatnayjy
participate in gatnamak
participle ortak
particular hususan, aratyn,
talapkr, tgeik
particularly ylata
parting holoyk
partisan partisan(r), aran
partition tuty
partner hyzmatda
partridge kkilik
parts alar
party oturylyyk, tapgyr, to,
(political) partia(r)
pass putowka(r), ge mek,
gezmelemek
passage ge elge, telge, olum
passenger olag y
passerby teg i
passing gidiini
passion hyjuw, hyru
passive passiw(r)
passport pasport(r)
past
pastry gutap
pastry chef konditer(r)
pasture ri
pat tapbat, tapbatlamak
patch ama
patent gz-grtele
path relge, ol
pathetic gzgyny, naynjar
ydam, kanagat,
patience
sabyr, sabyrlylyk, takat, karar
patient sabyrly, syrkaw
patriot watan y
patron hossar, howandar
patronage howandarlyk
patronize hossarlyk etmek
pattern li, bejergi
pause dyngy, irime, togtamak,
sagynmak, sem bolmak,
sginmek
pave demek, pollamak
paw penje
pay tlemek, tlemek
pay attention ns bermek
payment tleg, wznos(r), salgyt
peace parahat ylyk, ynjalyk,
asudalyk, imisalalyk, ouk,
parahat, parahatlyk, rahat,
arayk, dyn , rahatlyk, tapa
peaceful asuda, imi-sala, o
ukly, rahat, tesilli, rahat
peach etdaly
peacock tawus
peal ayrdy, yyrdy, ta
yrdamak
pear armyt
pearl dr, gwher
peas nohut
peasant dahan
okalamak, okmak
peck
peculiar hususan, zboluly,
tgeik
pedal pedal(r)
pedalogical terbie ilik,
terbielejilik
peel pa ak, sypyrmak,
arassalamak, artmak

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peep (squeak) jgldy,
yyklamak, jgldemek
peep over kw salmak
peep at jyklamak
peer (person) eginde, dedu,
ada
peg gazyk, wealka(r)
pelican gotan
anaklyk
pelvis
pen agyl, ru ka(r)
akgy
pen-knife
penalty jerime, jeza
penance toba
pencil galam
pencil-case galamdan
penetrate bwsmek
irkin, iti
penetrating
peninsula arymada
pennant wympel(r)
pension pansion(r), pensia(r)
people halk, il, il, il-gn, il-halk,
ileler, halk
people's halk
pepper bur
peppery ajy
percent protsent(r)
perceptive dugur
perdition nlet
perfect kmil, kmileen,
kmilledirmek
perfection kmillik
perfidy htialanlyk
yky etmek
perform
peril heder
period smena(r), dwr,
(punctuation) nokat
period of time mhlet
periodic dwrlein
perish helk bolmak
permanent hemielik
permission rugsat, sprawka(r),
ygtyar
permit putowka(r)
perogative hak, hukuk
perpendicular dik
perplexed ygrykmak
perseverance erjellik
persevering tutanerli
persistence erjellik, tutanerlik
persistent erjel, tutanerli
person adam, kii
person at the top otli nik(r)
personage personah(r)
personal personal(r), ahsy,
ekebara
personal nature tabigat
personality ahs, ahsyet
perspective perspektiv(r)
persuade gwnetmek
persuasive degerli

ekelemek, skenmek
pester
pestle soky
pet sypalamak
petition towakga
petroleum nebit
petty alpak, ownuk yl,
zle
phenomenon hadysa
phesant slgn
philanthropy adamkr ilik
philharmonic filarmonia(r)
philologic filologik(r)
philology filologia(r)
philosophic filosofik(r)
philosophy filosofia(r)
phlegm gakylyk
phlegmy gakylyk
phone telefon(r)
phonetic fonetik(r)
phonetics fonetika(r)
phony jgi
photograph fotografia(r),
forografilemek(r), surat
phraseologic fraseologik(r)
phraseology fraseologia(r)
physical training beden terbie
physics fizika(r)
pianist pianist(r)
piano pianino(r)
okmak, syn gamak,
pick
ygmak
plemek, plemek,
pick up
gtermek
picture surat, surat
picturesque grkana
pie gutap
piece dwm, tike
piece of candy kemput
pieces blek-blek
pier pristan(r)
apgyn, irkin
piercing
pig douz
pigeon kepderi
piglet jojuk
pile ds, topbak
pilgrim (to Mecca) ymam
pill tabletka(r)
pillar kolonna(r), stn
pillow assyk
pilmeni brek
pilot pilot(r)
pimple dwrtik
pin temenge
mmk, irtmek,
pinch
mmklemek
pinch (in cooking) garnuw,
garyndy
pink mawy, al, gyrmyzy
pins and needles jmldi
pioneer pionir(r)
pioneer days pionirlyk(r)
pipe truba(r), trubka(r)
pistachio pisse
pistol pistolet(r)
ukur, ukurlyk, dne,
pit
ahta(r)
pitch eit, epbik, apbaak
asyrmak
pitch a tent
pitcher kze, gol a, (iron) t
e
arak
pitchfork
pitching yrga
pitiable gzgyny
pitiful naynjar
pitted gotur
pity rehim, puman etmek,
puman, gagyrmak,
knmek
placard plakat(r)
place orun, er, punkt(r), tarap,
ndemek, erledirmek,
salmak
place of respect dul
place where people live mekan
plain takyr, neke
plain to see grnetin
plains dz, dzlk
plaintive nalyly, naynjar,
zaryn
plait sa rmi, yrmamak
plan plan(r), proekt(r),
enlemek, planadyrmak(r)
plane rende, rendelemek
plane off onmak
ynar
plane tree
planer trpi
planet planeta(r)
plank okundy, tagta
planned planly(r)
planning planlyk(r)
plant ekmek, oturtmak
plaster gips(r), suwamak
plasticine plastilin(r)
plate tarelka(r)
platform perron(r),
platforma(r), estrada(r),
tribuna(r)
platoon wzwod(r)
play onamak
player oun y
plead zelenmek
pleasant hoama, yly,
mazaly, mhirli, mylaym,
akymly, irin
pleasantness hoamalyk,
mylaymlyk
please aranmak
pleased with kayl

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pleasing hezil
pleasing taste lezzetli
pleasure gnen ilik, hezel,
hzir, lezzet, maza, hezillik,
kep, sapa
pleat epin
pledge ht
plenty gana
ee
pliable
pliers atagzy
plot dildwk
plotting betniet, betpl
ploughshare paza
plow plug(r), skmek
pluck zmek, zlmek,
olmak
pluck out olmalamak
plug tepsel(r)
plum garaly
plum tree garaly
plumber slesar(r)
plump lopbush, semiz, pkgi
plumpen parkyldamak
plunder talamak
plunge topulmak, mmek
plus plus(r)
plush mahmal
plywood faner(r)
pocket jbi, kise
pocket money spwa
pockmarked gotur
pod ksk
poem gosgy, poema(r), ygyr
poet ahyr
poetess ahra
poetic poeztik(r), gosgy
poetic works ahyrlyk
poignant iti
point utuk, punkt(r)
point (in a game) o ko(r)
point of view jhet,
nukdanazar
pointed zmmek
pointer dil
pointer finger sem barmak
pointless manysyz
poison awy
poisonous zherli
poke syn gamak, drtmek,
ommaltmak
poker (for a fire) kesewi
polar polar(r)
Pole polak(r)
pole polus(r), syryk
policeman milisioner(r)
policy syasat, syasat
polish taralamak, trplemek
polishing tara
polite edepli

politeness edeplilik,
sypa ylyk, edep
political syasy
politician syasat y
politics syasat, syasat
pollen tozga
pollute zaalamak
polyclinic poliklinika(r)
polytechnic politeknika(r)
pomegranite nar
pond howda, howda, howuz
ponder diir genmek
ponderous saldamly
pool bassen(r), alpaw,
howuz
poor geda, garyp, myrtar
poor person geda
poppy lle, lbik
popular ge ginli, popular(r),
rgnli
population ilat
populous ilatly
porcelin farfor(r)
porch seki, dalan, podezd(r)
porcupine oklukirpi
portend dudurmak
porter nosilik(r)
portion pa(r), poren(r),
portsia(r), gatan , dwm
portrait portret(r)
Portugal portugal(r)
position dzgnnama, esgerlik,
komandirlik(r), pozitsia(r),
wezipe
possessive olluk
possibility mmkin ilik
possible mmkin
possibly htimal
post post(r), po ta
post-meal prayer twir
(galdyrmak)
postage stamp marka(r)
postcard otkrytka(r)
poster afia(r), plakat(r)
posterity nesil
postpone uzakladyrmak
pot gazan a, gorok(r), piti
potatoes kartoka(r)
pothole gazganak
potter's trade
(craft) kzegarlik
potty gorok(r)
poultry gu ulyk
pound bkgldemek,
bkdrmek
ogmak, akytmak,
pour
gulmak, gumak, abyrdamak
pour in gumak
pour out etermek, tenmek
pour over haplamak

poverty garyplyk, pukaralyk,
okluk
powder poroak(r)
power kuwwat, g ,
hkimiet, kuwwatlylyk,
ysgyn, zarp
power
station elektrostansia(r)
powerful pet, kuwwatly
powers mejal
pox mama
practice praktika(r)
praise magtan , wgi, wgn,
taryp, wmek, magtamak,
wmek, taryplamak
pray doga okamak, zelenmek,
dilemek
prayer dileg, hudaa
okunma, namaz
preach wagyz etmek
precept nesihat
precipitate agmak
precipitation agyn, agmyr,
ygal
precisely tegelek
precision takyklyk
predator yrtyjy
predatory wagy
predominance agdyklyk
preface szbay
prefix pristawka(r)
pregnant gwreli
premier premera(r)
preoccupied aladaly
preparation preparat(r)
preparations tayarlyk
prepare toplanmak,
emelenmek, hzirlemek,
tayarlamak, taynalmak
prepare a dish biirmek
preparedness tayarlyk
preposition szsoy
present hzirki, indiki
present
evidence delillendirmek
yky
presentation
preserve zapowednik(r)
president prezident(r), rektor(r),
sowgat
presidium prezidium(r)
press sykmak, gysmak, basmak,
preslemek, anamak
press conference preskonferentisia(r)
press forward zomamak
press in emertmek
press up
against gysmyljyramak
pressed in emermek
pressing mhletli

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pressure basy, stem
pretty ejelik, gzel, grkana,
telper
previous ki
previous situation klik
price nyrh, baha
prices gymmatlamak
prick nazalamak, sanjamak
prick up (one's ears) ertmek
prickle tiken
prickly tikenli
pride busan , guwan
primary ilkinjilik, ilkinji
primary beginning balangy
primordial ilkidurmu
princers gysgy
principle prentsip(r)
principles kodeks(r)
print rift(r)
printed cotton cloth jir
ap y
printer
aphana,
printing plant
tipografia(r)
priority biriilik
prison trme
prisoner tussag, tussag, esir
private hususy, hususy
private (soldier) radowo
private office kabinet(r)
privilege eillik, hak-hukuk
prize barak, priz(r)
problem problema(r)
process protses(r)
prod drtmek
produce ndrmek, nmek,
etmek
product nm
production nm, nmcilik,
nm ilik
productive guzlay
productivity ndrijilik
products harytlar
profession kesp, kr
professional professional(r)
professor professor(r)
profit dewnt, nebis, utu,
bhbit, hayr
profitable dewntli,
gazan ly
uur
profound
prognosis prognoz(r)
program programa(r)
progress progres(r), etiik
progressive progressiw(r)
prohibited haram, gadagan
project proekt(r),
proektirlemek
proletarian proletor(r)
proletariat proletariat(r)

prolong sndrmek,
uzaltmak
promise lebiz, wada, ht
promptly okgunly
promulgation neir
prone arkan, zin
pronoun at calysma, alyma
pronounce adylmak
pronunciation adyly,
kin
proof subutnama
prop direg
prop up daamak, diremek
propagate propagandirlemek(r)
property emlk, go-gola, malmlk, go, hsiet, hsiet
prophecy hadys
prophet pygamber
propitious oaly
propoganda propaganda(r)
proportion layklyk
prose kyssa, proza(r)
prose writer proza i(r)
prospect a-dnje
prospecting razwedka(r)
prosper pajalamak
prosperity egilik, dok ulyk,
pjnlik, eret, oluk, meslik
protect hossarlyk etmek,
goramak
protection gorag, goray
protector gorag y
protest garylyk grkezme,
protest(r), garylyk grkezmek
protocol protokol(r)
protracted uzyn
ommaltmak
protrude
protruding gber ek
proud busanjan, gedam,
sarsmaz
prove subut etmek, subut etmek
proverb nakyl
provide pjnetmek
provide help hemaat etmek
provide
hospitality hezzetlemek
provided for pjn
province oblast
provocation prowokatsia(r)
prying bilesigeliji
pubis gasyk
ekimli, kommunal(r)
public
public prosecutor garalaw y,
prokuror(r)
publicmindedness jemgyet ilik
ap etme
publication
ap etmek, neir etmek
publish
publisher neir ediji,
neirat y
publishing house neirat
alpaw
puddle
puff burugsamak, hyssyldamak
puke gusmak
wek, tartmak, ekmek
pull
ykarmak
pull at
pull out tmek, goparmak,
sogurmak, sremek
pull together bzmek
pulpit kafedra
pumpkin kdi
pun omak
punctual rejeli
punctuation punktuatsia
puncture demek
punish jeza bermek,
jezalandyrmak, temmi bermek
punishment temmi, re, jeza
puny gduk
pupil okuw y, (of the eye)
gre
puppy gjk
purchaser alajy
pure dury, pk, tmiz, halal
puree pure(r)
purified saplanmak
purify saplamak, tmizlemek,
tmislik
ernil(r)
purple
purpose maksat, hyal, pygyl
purr irrildemek
pursuit kowgy
ylpyk, iri
pus
pus-like irili
push iteklemek, itelemek,
itermek, itmek, zomamak
push and shove itnimek
push button knopka(r)
push over agdarmak
pushy person itigi
put atmak, salmak, garsamak,
gomak, ndemek,
oklamak
put away gizlemek, gizlenmek
put forward gomak
put in dykylmak
put in lines setilemk
put in order sahalladyrmak
mdrmek
put inside
put it shortly garaz
put off uzakladyrmak
put on dakmak
put on airs gomparmak,
ulumsyramak
put on weight semretmek
put out rmek
put right ugrukdyrmak
put through a hole trmek
put up germek
rk
putrid
puzzle matal

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Q
qualification kwalifikasia(r)
quality hil
quantity mukdar, ululyk
ekelemek, tersleik,
quarrel
jetlemek, senemere edimek,
sgmek, terslemek
quarrel with ki mek
quarrelsome igenje, igenjelik
rek, kwartal(r)
quarter
quay pristan(r)
queen (in chess) prezi
quest agtary
question sorag, sorag, sowal,
soramak, ek, sorag bermek
queue nobat, nobat tutmak
alasyn, wrk
quick
quick wittedness k
alt, hasyr-husur,
quickly
hyrra, agga, apba, ark-urk,
tiz
alasynlyk, altlyk
quickness
quiet domma, uwa, imi-sala,
rahat, arkaynlamak
quietly keremara
quilt organ, syramak
quince bei
quiver endiremek, sarsmak
quiz barlag i, wiktorina(r)
quotation sitada(r)
quote sitirlemek
R
rabbit towan
rabid guduz
race arymak, apyyk, jyn,
ary, urug, tohum, my mak
race track alaw
racism jynsparazlyk
racist jynsparaz
rack wealka(r)
racket galmagal, gowga,
zenzele
radiance parlak
radiant rwen
radiate parlamak
radio radio(r)
radio center radiouzel(r)
radio operator radist(r)
radio station radiostantsia(r)
radio-announcer diktor(r)
radish rediska(r), turp
radius radius(r)
raft sal
rag esgi, ogdan
rage gahar, gahar-gazap, z
elik, mwkemek, arlamak,
mw almak
rags gykundy, ylha
raid hjm
railing tutawa
railroad pliers tigir
rails rels(r)
rain agmyr, agy, ygal
rainbow lemgoar
raincoat pla(r)
rainy agynly, agyly, ygally
raise galdyrnak, galmak,
gatalkmak, okarlanmak
raise a price gymmatlamak
raise above gtergimek
raise oneself dikelmek,
gobsynmak
raising ktel
raising deer sugun ylyk
raisins kimi
rake dyrmak, dyrmyk
rally miting(r)
ram go
ram-like (a compliment) go
rampart seer
range plita(r)
rant and rave basyrganmak
rap tarsuldamak, tarkyldamak,
tarkyldatmak, tarsuldy,
tykyrdatmak, tyrkyldamak,
tyrkyldatmak, tykyrdamak
altlyk
rapidity
rapidly okgunly, alt
rapids gatakar
raport raport(r)
rare gyt, serek
rarely iki-eke, ek-tk
rascal haramzada, aldaw y
rash iteen, rgn
rat alaka
ratify tassyklamak
rational islege layk
rationalist ratsionalizator
rationality ratsiona ylyk(r)
rattle arkyldy, tyrkyldy, ta
yrdamak, tarkyldamak,
tarkyldatmak, tykyrdatmak,
hyyldamak, arkyldamak
rattling tarkyldy
raven garga, zag
ravine jar
ygly
raw
igmal
raw materials
ray nur, hle
razor pki
reach gowumak
react wmek
reaction reaksia(r)
reactionary reaksion(r)
reactive reaktiw(r)
read okamak
reading and writing hat-sowat
ready taar, tayn,
tayarlyly, hzir
real real(r), ts
realism realizm(r)
realistic realistik(r)
reality hakykan, hakykat
realize pamak
really hakykatdan, dogrudan
really? hi? he?
reap ormak
rear tyl, yz
rear part e e
reason phim, sypalga, sebp,
spwa, olanmak
reasonable phimli, sebpli
reassure ha-k etmek, hreke etmek
rebel gozgala y, pitnesi
rebellion topala, pitne
rebuff gatawul
receipt kwitansia(r)
receive u ramak
receiver trubka(r)
receiving room myhmanhana
receiving set radionpryomnik(r)
recently arada, ay akynda
recess arakesme
recipe retsept(r)
recital konsert(r)

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recline snmek
recognize ykrar etmek, tanamak
recollection adygr
recommendation rekomendasi
a(r)
recompense tlemek
reconcile ylaladyrmak,
razylamak, aradyrmak
reconciliation arayk
reconnaissance
party razwedka(r)
record rekord(r), azgy
recover gutulmak, sagalmak
recruit pyntyklamak
rectify dzetmek
rector rektor(r)
rectorship rektorlyk(r)
ypar, gyrmyzy, gyzyl
red
red poppy gllek
redden gyzarmak
reddest gyp-gyzyl
reduce haallatmak,
sel enlemek, sereklemek,
uwaatmak, egismek,
kemeltmek, kemmek,
ki eltmek, peseltmek,
uwaamak
reduction peseltme
irik, gamy, gargy
reed
refer to salgylanmak
refine kmilledirmek,
ukalmak
reflect alamak
reflective anadan
reflexive dudansyz
reform reforma(r)
refresh yyklandyrmak,
janlandyrmak
refrigerator holodilnik(r)
refugee ga gak
regard sgermek
regime rezhim(r)
regiment polk(r)
region olrug, raon(r), lke,
u astok(r)
register registrirlemek(r)
registration registrasia(r),
azgy
registry registratura(r)
regret ahmyr, gynan , kn ,
puman, ahmyr etmek,
gynanmak, puman etmek,
knmek
regular regular(r), kadaly
regulate regulirlemek(r)
rehearsal repetisia(r)
reign hkm srmeklik, hkm
srmek
rein in ideklemek, jylawlamak

reinforce mkmlemek
reinforced berkitme
reinforcement berkitme
reins jylaw
reject ret etmek
rejoice mon a bolmak
relate bean etmek
relation gatnayk, howandar
relationship howandarlyk,
hossarlyk
relative dogan-garynda,
garynda, howandar, otnositel,
ertli
relatives kowum-garanda,
nebere
relaxation dyn
relaxed hatyrjem
relay race estafeta(r)
release sypmak, akdyrmak,
sabamak
relevant dahylly
reliable htibar, ynamly
religion din
religious dindar, dini
rely barynmak
remainder galyndy
remaining galyndy
remedy seride, seride
remember atlamak
rememberance hakyda
remind atalatmak
remote dalykdaky
uluk
remoteness
removal kwek
ykarmak,
remove
daladyrmak
render bermek
renew tzelemek, tzelenmek
renovate tzelemek
rent krende tlegi
rental krende, kire
repair bejermek, amamak,
dz etmek
repair(s) remont(r)
repay a debt zmek
repeal gobolsun etmek
repeat gatalmak
repeat several
times gataladyrmak
repetition ola
replace tzelenmek, tzelemek
replica replika(r)
report doklad(r), maglumat,
hasabat
report upon bildirmek
repose rahatlyk, tapa, ynjalyk
representative wekil
reproach gyjalat, teene,
kin
reproof kin
reptiles srenjiler
republic respublika(r)
republican respublikan(r)
repugnant igrenji
repulse gatawul
reputation abra, at-abra
request hay, towakga, hay
etmek
requirement talap
research gzleg
resemblance meze
resemblance meze lik
alym etmek, me
resemble
zemek
reserve zapowednik(r)
reserve(s) rezerw(r)
reserved garasmez, domma
resin epbik
resolute twekgel, zl-kesil,
kesgin
resolution rezolusia(r),
zgt, ustaw(r)
resort kurort, sanatoria(r)
resource resurs(r)
respect hatyra, hezzet-hormat,
hormat, sylag, yzzat,
hormatlamak, sarpa gomak,
sylamak
respect sarpa
respectable epe
respond seslenmek
respond to wmek
responsibility garamat,
jogapkr ilik
responsible jogapkar,
jogapkrli
rest dyn , rahatlyk, tapa,
ynjalyk
restaurant restoran(r)
restrain one's self saklanmak
result netije, timarlamak
result in rejelemek
resurrection dirili
retell bean etmek
retract dnmek
retreat ga mak, ekilmek,
sepikmek
retribution jeza
return gadyyn, wrlmek,
gatarmak
reveal oneself paramak
revel kep ekmek
revenge ar, kast
revenue gipdeji
reverence yzzat
review syn etmek, syn, tankyt,
gataladyrmak
revival galkynys
revive janlanmak
revolution rewolusia(r),
wrliik
revolutionary rewolusion(r)
revolve hozanaklamak

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reward barak
rheumatism bilagyry,
guragyryly
rhombus rom(r)
rhyme kapya, rifma(r),
kapyaladyrmak,
kapyalamak
rib gapyrga
ribbon lenta
rice tw, brn
rice porridge le
rich ba
rich in content manyly
rich in possessions barly
rich with bol
richness dwlet
awmak
ricochet
riddle matal, tapma a
ride togalamak
ridge ulgam
ridiculous glkn , bolgusyz
riding academy maner
riding school maner
rifle tpe
right hak, hak-hukuk, hukuk,
hukuk, mamla, hak
right after yzy bilen
right now derrew
right up to t
righteous halal
rigid doan
rim erek
igrek
rime
rind pa ak
ring zk, halka, jy
yrdamak, yyrdy, zar
yldamak, jayrdamak, a
lamak, ayrdamak, y
yrdamak
ring finger ogulhajat
ringing jyyrdy, atlama
rink tagan ak
akamak
rinse
akamak
rinse out
rip out a seam sklmek,
skmek
ripe tagt
ripped yrtyk
rise ggermek, (of the sun)
dogmak
risk twekgel ilik, twekgellik,
heder
rival bsde
rivalry bsleik
river dera
rivet ber in
road ol
roam tentemek, seil, seran
etmek, entemek, entreklemek
roar gbrdemek,
gmmrdemek, grrldemek,
mrmek

roar with
laughter hahahalamak
irkizmek
roast
rob talamak
robe don
rock yralamak, yramak,
yranmak, yra atmak,
u urmak, wremek
rocket raketa(r)
rocky daly
ybyk
rod
rodents gemrijiler
role rol(r)
roll tirlemek, tirlendirmek,
towlanmak, tigirlemek,
togalamak
roll of film pleonka(r)
ugutmak, drlemek,
roll up
pyrlamak
roller rolik(r)
rolling yrga
rolling pin oklaw
Romanian rumyn(r)
room otag
root kk, dp
rope tanap
rose bgl, gl
rostrum kafedra
remek
rot
rotate towlamak
rotation alanma, tow
rk, palak, yslanan
rotten
rotteness zaa ylyk,
rklik
rough copy garalama
roughness harsallyk
round tegelek, wre, tapgyr,
raund(r)
round off umralmak
round trip gidiin-gadyyn
rouse tutadyrmak
route gatnawy, trassa(r)
row hatar, setir, September,
zweno(r), kreklemek
rows setilemk
almak, okamak,
rub
srtenmek, skemek,
skenmek
rub in srtmek, yramak
rub oneself okanmak
rubber kau uk, rezin(r)
rubbing alcohol spirit
rubbish makulatura
rucksack rukzak(r)
rudder spent
rude gdek
rugby regbi(r)
rugby player regbi i(r)
ruin zaalamak, bozmak
ruined weran ylykly
ruins haraba
rule dzgn, kada, hkimiet
ruler han, (measuring) yzgy
rumble akgyrdy, grprdi,
jugurdamak, akgyrdamak,
akgyrdatmak, takyrdamak,
takyrdatmak, tykyrdamak
rumours my-my
rumour owaza
rumoured hyy-wuy
run ylgaw, ge irmek,
wdrmek, ylgamak,
ylgamak
run away zut ga yp gitmek
run insomething ssdrilmek
akymak
run into
running ylgaw
rush gargy, topulmak, ozmak,
dazlamak, emek,
howlykmak, hadamak
rush out zogdyrylmak
Russia orset
Russian ors, rus
Russian language ors a, rus a
rust pos, iglemek
rustle agyrdy, itirdi, ybyrdy,
ygyrdy, ykyrdy, ygyldy,
aggyldamak, aggyldy,
yglamak, yrkyldy,
agsyldamak, agyrdamak,
ybyrdamak, ygyrdamak,
ykyrdamak, ygyldamak,
ybyrlamak, ygyldamak,
ybyldy, ygyldy
rusty posly
ruthless rehimsiz
owdary
rye

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S
saber gyly
sabotage diversia(r),
ykgyn ylyk
sack halta, ganar
sacred mukaddes
sacrifice gurban, pida
sad gamgyn, gamly, gagyly,
tukat, zaryn
saddle eer, eerlemek,
i irgilemek
saddle straps ganjyga
sadness gagy, tukatlyk
safe arkayn
safely sag aman, aman
safety pin iebagjyk, sanjak,
temenge
sag gaarmak
sag-gurgun gezip remek=be
in a good mood sag-gurgun
sail elken
sailing elkenli
sailor deiz i, matros(r)
salad salat(r)
salary alyk
saleable rgnli
salient ilgin
saline or
saliva tklik
salivate tkliklemek
sallow saryagyz
salt duz, duzlamak
salt solution erebe
salt water orsuw
saltiness orluk
salty duzly, erebe, or
salute salut(r)
samovar semawar(r)
sample nusga
sanatorium sanatoria(r)
ge, gum
sand
sandbank sa
sander trpi
sandwich buterbrod(r)
sandy gumak
sapling nahal
sash bilguak
satiate ber ikmek
satin setin(r), atlaz
satisfaction dokluk, hoallyk,
kanagatlanarlyk, kanagat,
razlyk
satisfactory hoal,
kanagatlanlarlykly
satisfied dok, razy

satisfy gandyrmak,
kanagatlandyrmak
Saturday embe
saunter alanjyramak
sausage kolbasa(r)
sausage link sosiska(r)
save tygytlamak
saving tygyt
savings zapas(r)
saw by gy, py gy, bognamak,
by gylmak
say amanlamak, dimek1,
grlemek
say good-bye holamak
say hi salamlamak
say something dillenmek
say unpleasant words oku
sz atmak
scabbard gyn
scald haplamak
scale tor, (for weighing) gapan,
(of a map) mas tab
scales terezi
scandal haarlyk, nadaralyk,
er, goh, jenjel
scandalmonger gybatke
scandalous haar, nadara
apyk
scar
ala
scarcely
scarcity kem ilik, kemlik, kst
scare rkzmek, gorkuzmak
scarecrow garantja, gp
scarf arf(r), aglyk
scarlet fever hrezek, tjihoraz
scatter dagatmat
alam- a
scattered
scenery agda
scent atyr
schedule raspisanie(r), tablisa
scheme shema(r)
school mekdep, u ilie(r)
science ylym
science (degree) alymlyk
scientific ylmy
scientist alym
scissors gacy
scold kemek, sgmek
scoop susmak
owlamak
scorch
score san
scorpion i an
scout razwedka y(r)
scrambled eggs hegenek
scrap letde, par a, par alamak
scraps gykundy
scratch dyrna ak, sypjyryk,
ykyrdy, dyrna aklamak,
gaamak, sypjyrmak, somak
epiksi, hor
scrawny
scream gykylyk, nrazy ylyk,

hakyrmak, hekirmek, (from
fear) wgirmek
screen ekran(r)
screw nurbat
screw in bintlemek
mhreklik
scrupulousness
scuffle uru, penjelemek
sculptor skulptor(r)
sculpture skulptora(r)
sea deiz
arlak
sea gull
ap, metbugat, pe at(r),
seal
pe atlamak, plomwalamak(r),
elimlemek
seal off beklemek
seal tightly jebislemek
seal with glue elmemek
sealed tightly jebis
seam September, tikin
seaman matros(r)
seamstress tikin i
search agtary, ideg-sorag,
agtarmak, drmek, gzlemek
search for gzlemek, idemek
searchlight projhektor(r)
season mwsm, pasyl, halat
seasons alar
seat (of war) ojak
ola
secluded
second ikinji, sekunt(r)
second place ikinjilik
second time ikilen
second-hand saklanan
secondary ikinji derejeli
secret assyryn, gizligin, gizlin,
ogryn, syr, tilsim, ayryn
secret service
officer razwedka y(r)
secretiveness assyrynlyk
section blm, seksia(r),
artma , zweno(r), (of a city)
kwartal(r)
secular dnewi
security howpsuzlyk,
howpsuzlyk, pjn ilik
security deposit girew
kndi, ldere
sediment
sedition bozgaklyk
see grmek
see off ugratmak
seed dne, tohum
seeded tohumlyk
seeder sealka
seeding tohum ylyk
seedling nahal
itgitlemek
seeds
seek advice maslahatla mak
seem grnmek
seem strange gelemek

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seems aly-la
seeth lakyrdamak
seethe arlamak, pykyrdamak
segment dilim
seizure kakyn
seldom serek, serek
selected salama
self elin, z
self-centered z kelle
self-couscious mnrgemek
self-doubting mkr
self-interest nebisjelik,
nebsewrlik
self-rule zbadaklyk
self-worth namys
sell satmak, satynalmak
sell wholesale lomaylygyna
satmak
seller satyjy
seminal tohumlyk
seminar seminar(r)
send ibermek, ollamak
senior ekabyr, emen
sensational owhunly
sense dugy, tikeneklemek
senseless manysyz
sensitive eserde, kelek
sensual dugur
sentence szlem, hkm
sentimentalize over suwjarmak
sentner (100 kg.) sentner(r)
separate izolirlemek
separated dyr-pytrak bolmak
separation aralyk
September sentabr
sequin jjek
Serb serb(r)
Serbian serb(r)
seretary sekretar(r)
sergeant serzhant(r)
series serea
serious goazy, salyhatly,
ymykly
serious ideas o-pikir
ynlaka
seriously
sermon wagyz-nesihat
servant gulluk y, hyzmatkr,
hyzmatkr
serve bermek, hyzmat etmek
service gulluk, hyzmat, hyzmat
sesame knji
session sessia(r)
set dw, ndemek, gurmak
set down drmek
set in order dzgnledirmek
set off ugramak
set off for ugratmak
set straight dzetmek,
dikeltmek, ugrukdyrmak
set up germek, asyrmak

settle accounts haklamak,
hasaplamak, zlmek
settle down ornamak
settlement posolok(r),
wadalayk
seven edi
seventh edinji
seventy etmi
several telim
atmak, gamalamak,
sew
tikmek, tikmek
sew a blanket syramak
sew into abyrmak
sewage system kanalizasia(r)
sewing tikin ilik
sex pol(r)
shack kme
shade klege
shady klegli
shady side guza
shaft guy
shah a
shake endiremek, sandyramak,
tibirdemek, titrewuk, m
kldemek, u urmak, silkmek,
zagyrdamak, sarsdyrmak,
titremek
shake hands ellemek, e
lenmek
shake up tisginmek
shaking sandyrawuk, sarsgyn
shallow alpak
shallower uatmak
shame biabralyk, ejap,
masgar ylyk, utan , uat,
zgaralyk, namys,
utandyrmak
shameful biabra, masgara,
wejera
shameless binamys, haasyz,
utan syz
shape resmiledirmek
shard jjek, gy ak
share gatan , lemek
shareholder pa y
apgyn, kesgir, tgr,
sharp
iti, syn y
sharpen garamak, taplamak,
iteltmek, amamak
sharpness k
shatter kl-peekun etmek,
mynjyramak, mynjyratmak,
se mek, sepelemek, sepmek
shave onmak, syrmak
shaving onuga
shavings gyryndy
shawl gya
she ol
shed telr
shed hair soulmak
sheep goun
sheep dung gyk
sheep hold agyl

sheep skin bagana
shelf polk(r), tekje, kapasa
shell gabyk
shelter buky, penalamak
opan
shepherd
oluk
shepherd boy
opan ilik
shepherdhood
sherbert erbert(r)
shift smena(r), (work)
alyrgy
shiftless kelesa
shifty eyed eser gzler
shin injik
shine lowurdy, wgin,
alpyldy, lowurdamak,
hlelendirmek, lpldemek,
gjarmak
shingles demrew
shining alpyldawuk
shiny alpylda duran
ship gmi, korabl(r)
shirk progul etmek
shirt knek
ilik, kebap
shish-kebob
shiver mkldemek, sa
yldamak, titremek, tibirdemek
shoal sa
shock urgy
shoe aakgap
shoe lace u gur
shoelace bag
shoemaker dik i, kwi
shoes kw
shoot tpelemek, atmak
shoot down atymak
shooter atyjy
shop dkan, magazin(r), seh(r)
shop window witrina(r)
short gysga, jontuk, kelte, pes
short poem kyssa
short-sighted owa kr
short-sightedness owalyk
shortage kem ilik, kemlik, kst
shorten gysgaltmak, kelteltmek,
ki eltmek, ki elmek
shot up pers-ala
igin, egin, omuz
shoulder
shoulder blade pil e
shoulder strap pogon(r)
shoulder(s) gerden
shout hakyrmak, hekirmek,
hakylyk, gyk-bak etmek,
zowlatmak
shout back and
forth gygyrymak
shove sarsdyrmak
shovel pil, susgu , idirdetmek
shoving sarsgyn
show sergi, tomaa, grkezmek,
hezzetlemek

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show off kel ermek
shpere sfera(r)
ogdan
shred
shrewd syn y
shrewdness sap
usamak
shriek
irkin
shrill
rmek, daralmak,
shrink
ygrylmak
rmek
shrivel
shudder tisginmek,
sandyramak, diglemek,
dyglamak, lerzana gelmek,
sarsmak
shuffle garmak, prkmek
shun adyrgamak
shut up dymmak
shutter gabsa
shy gorkak, utanja, ygra
shyness utanjalyk, ygralyk
sic (a dog) kgrmek, me ew
bermek
akyza, hassa, keselli,
sick
kesel, nsag
sickle orak
sickler orak y
sickly gduk
yr yk, emgek,
sickness
hassalyk, arawsyzlyk
side bwr, bykyn, gapdal, z
sided taraplayn
sidewalk trotuar(r)
siege gabaw
sieve elek
sift elemek
siftings kepek
sight tirkeg, tomaa
sign alamat, belgi, bellik, reje,
zna ok(r), nyan, nyan, gol
ekmek
signal signal(r)
signature gol
significance hmiet
significant bajyp, hmietli
signifier alamat
signify alatmak,
alamatlandyrmak, belgilemek,
dimek2
silence dymyk, geplemezlik
silent sessiz
silently keremara
silk pek
silk production pek ilik
silly tentek, batnyksyz
silt gyrman a
silver km, kmlemek
silver jug for water knnk
silver plate kmlemek
similar meze , meze
similar to ekilli
similarity meze lik

simple sada, trkana, neke,
eil
simple greeting salam
simpleton tentek
simplicity sadalyk
simplify eilledirmek
simply so kepine
sin azyk, gn
since bri
since days of yore kneden
since then aradan
sincere dogru yl, sada
yn rekden
sincerely
ynrekdelik,
sincerity
dogru yllyk
sing saramak
sing the Lle Jana lle kakmak
owlamak
singe
singer adym i, bagy
singular ara
sink batmak, kmek
sinus sinus(r)
sip gerinmek
sister ua
sister-in-law gelin
sit oturmak
ke dmek
sit on the knees
site medan a
en, agda, halsituation
ahwal, waka
six alty
sixty altmy
sizable gwrmli
size format(r), l eg, l eg,
ululyk, gabara
sizzle jyzyrdamak, jyzlamak
sizzling jyzzyk
skating rink katok(r)
skein kelep, umak
sketch eskiz(r), taslama, o erk,
ekel
ski lyzha(r)
skier lyzha y(r)
skiing lyzha(r)
eper, kde, trgen
skilled
skilled person senet i
skillful trgen, eper, kde
skimmer kengir
skin deri, teletin, somak,
somak
epiksi
skin-and-bones
skinny arryk, igli
apmak
skip
skip a beat jiglemek
skirt ubka(r), etek
skull cap brk
sky asman, gk
skylark (bird) toga
slab plita(r)
slacken haallamak
slake gandyrmak
slander yltak, thmet,

kemek, ugullamak, yltak
etmek, thmet atmak,
amanlamak
slanderer thmet i
slanderous thmet ilikli
slant gyarmak
asy, gya
slanting
slap in the face apbat
slaughter gyrgyn ylyk, lk,
gyrkmak
slaughterer gyrkym y
Slavic slawan(r)
sled sani(r)
sledgehammer ekedaban
sleep uky, atmak, uklamak
sleepless bimaza
sleepyhead uku yl
sleeve e
slender syratly, uka
slice dilim, dilik, dilmek,
syhalamak
slide tamak, typmak
slide down tyrpma
eker
sliding box
slight shel e
slightly shel
slim syratly
slime batga
slip tamak, typmak
slip off tyrpma
slippery taga, tagan ak,
sr ek
slit y, dilik etmek
slogan ygar
slope eit, apbaak, apgyt,
eaak
sloppy sowuk-sala, gmrtik,
slpi
slops uwundy
slouch telkermek
slovenly hapysa
slow haal, uwa
slow down haallatmak,
tesmek
slowly haal, uwa
slowness wmezlik, haallyk
aman
sluggish
slush lk, la
sly mekir
small ki i, lpe, klke,
mada, uak, zle, iri,
irlemek, ownuk, alpak
small boned ejiz
small book kitap a
small circle kruok(r)
small drop damdyk
apgy
small hammer
small movement gymyldy
small pox mama
small sheep tokly
small shovel kebze

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small stack petde
smart akylly
smash kl-peekun etmek,
mynjyratmak
almak, yramak
smear
smell ys, ysgamak, (to smell
strongly) goursamak
smile ylgyrys, yrarmak,
ylgyrmak
smoke tsse, ttemek
smoke (give off
smoke) tsselemek
ilimke
smoker
smooth tekiz, ylmanak,
sypalamak, tekizlemek
smooth out uwmarlamak
smooth woolen cloth mawut
smoothness tekizlik
snake ylan
snake scales gow
snap yrkyldy, yrkyldamak
snap at jabjynmak
snap one's fingers pitikilemek
snare duzak, hepbik
snatch penjelemek
snatch away towsa gtermek
sneak bukdaklamak
sneeze asgyrmak
snicker hikirdi, hikirdemek
snivel yzlamak
snobbiness ulumsylyk
snobby ulumsy
snore hor ekmek, hor
ekmek, horlamak
snort horlamak
snout tumuk
snow gar
snow leopard bars(r)
snowstorm boran
snowy garly
so bele, un a, ele,
umlukda, elelik bilen,
elelikde
so many on a, un a
so much geregi e, on a,
un a
so then onso
soak ezmek, mrmek,
suwjarmak
soaked myjjyk
soap sabyn
soar gamak, pasyrdamak
sob horkuldamak, umjarmak
sober aly, sersag
sobriety sersaglyk
sociable al ak
social sosial(r)
social
conscience jemgyet ilik
socialism sosialism(r)
socialistic sosialstik(r)
society jemgyet

socks jorap
soft tultuk, umak, myssyk
soft food siitli
soft milk product like
yoghurt gatyk
soften umamak
softness umaklyk
soil kirletmek
solder galaylamak
soldier esger, soldat(r)
soldierhood soldatlyk
sole bitewi
sole (of foot) daban
sole of a shoe olta
solid durnukly, pugta,
ydamly
solidarity radalyk
solidly ersmek
solitary ekemen
z, ergin
solution
some berentak, birn e, kbir,
kbiri, pylan, telim
some people kbiri
somehow (or other) telli-pelli
someone else's keseki, kese
somersault ayr
something new zgeri
sometimes aram-aram, endan,
kmahal, kte, kwagt, hern
somewhat birhili, hili-bir hili
son ogul
son-in-law giew
song adym
soon basym, hasyr-husur, hyrra,
agga
soot dt, gurum
soothe ha-k etmek, hreke etmek
sore peehorda
ypar
sorrel
sorrow gussa, kn
sorrowful gynan ly, tukat,
rehimdar, rehimli
sort sort(r), sortlamak
sought-after ge ginli
soul rek, gwn, ruh
soulless rehimsiz
sound owaz, ses, n, agyrdy
sounds ses-n
orba
soup
sour tury
eme, gzba, pruin(r),
source
eme
south gnorta
southern gnorta
epbeke
southpaw
souvenir adygrlik
sowing eki
space sele
spacious bwe, gii, gi
span bat
spangle u gun, jjek
Spanish ispan
spare tygytlamak
sparkle u gun, yldyramak,
lowurdamak
sparkling alpyldawuk
sparkly yldyrawuk
sparrow ser e, ser i
sparse uwan
speak grlemek, geplemek,
geplemek, szlemek
speak directly gnlmek
speak highly taryp etmek
speak hoarsely hyyldamak
speak in Russian rus alamak
special rite, rite
specialist spesalist(r)
specialize in ritelesdirmek
specific aratyn, udel(r), has,
konkret(r)
specificity aratynlyk
specify takyklamak
specimen ekzemplar(r), nusga
spectacle tomaa
spectacles nek
spectator tomaa y
spectile spektakl(r)
yky
speech
altlandyrmak, tizlik,
speed
ri
speed along dazlamak
speed up tizledirmek,
ygjamlatmak
spell out konkretledirmek(r)
spelling orfografia(r)
spend harajat etmek,
har lamak, itirmek
spend money sowmak
sphere ar(r), togalak
spherical togalak
spicy ajy
spider lekewut, m
spiderweb kerep
spigot kran(r)
pleme, dkmek
spill
spin egirmek, saramak
spinach ysmanak
spindle ik
spine ourga, geri, agyrny
spinner egriji
arh, perik
spinning wheel
spirit ruh, ht, gwn, ruh
spirited gwnly
spirits tap
spiritual ruhy
spit gyllyk, i, gagyrmak,
tkrrmek
spit out gagyrynmak
spit up kl-owram (bolmak),
kl-uak
spiteful hyrsyz
spittle tklik

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splash prkmek, alpyldy,
apyrdy, sy ramak,
sy ratmak, alpyldamak
splint in(r)
splinter gyldyrgan, gy ak
at, jaryk, jarylmak,
split
arylmak, akgalamak
atlamak
split open
spoil zaalamak, ajatmak,
dymjykmak, haraplamak,
zaalamak, zaalanmak,
tgediji, isrip bolmak
spoil a child sypa-serme
spoiled harap, zaa,
zaalanan
spoils of war olja
spoken gepleik
spool tegek, tigir
em e, (Yomud) galam
spoon
sport sport(r)
sportsman sportmen(r)
spot menek, tegmil, utuk
spotted fever rgnli
spout (of a teapot) jrndik
spray dermanlamak,
sy ratmak, suwlamak,
sy ramak, sepelemek
sprayer suwul u
spread pollamak, almak,
ogmak, abyrdamak,
yramak
asyrmak, semek,
spread out
demek, sermek
spread terror mw almak
spring bahar, bulak, gzba,
pruin(r), az, eme,
towusmak, azlyk
spring forth suddenly zomp
edip ykak
spring up dremek
sprinkle prkmek, sepmek
sprout itil
spur debsilmek
spurt zogdyrylmak
sputter jazyrdamak
sputtering jazyrdy
spy i aly, yyklamak, jyklamak
square kwadrat(r)
squash kdi, itniik
ommalmak
squat
squeak jgldy, jygyldamak,
jygyldy, (of a shoe) jayrdy,
(of a shoe) jayrdamak
squeeze sykmak
squelch apyrtdatmak,
orpuldatmak
asy
squinty-eyed
squirrel belka
stab nazalamak, py aklamak
stab with a dagger san mak
stability durnuklylyk
stabilize pugtalandurmak

stable at atak, baldak,
durnukly
stack kde, kdelemek
stadium stadion(r)
staff sostaw(r), tab(r)
stage estrada(r), sahna
stage manager rezhissor(r)
stagger goduklamak,
akanmak, u mak
stagnant ata
stain menek, tegmil, kirletmek
stairs merdiwan
stairway merdiwan
stale gaty
stalk smml
stall atatak, dkan, atak
stallion agyr, ta
stamp tamp(r), ap, metbugat,
pe at(r), pe atlamak,
gprdemek, tamplamak(r),
tarpyldatmak, drtg
stamped gerbli
stamping grprdi, patydyr,
tapyrdy, tarpyldy
stand durmak, kuwwatlanmak
stand something up jatartmak
stand guard garawul durmak
stand in file hatar durmak
stand in order hatar durmak
arpaa galmak,
stand on end
jatarmak
stand on someone's feet
suddenly (?) sy ramak
stand out jatarmak,
tapawutlanmak
stand up turmak, gobsynmak
standard norma(r)
standardize kadaladyrmak
stanza kuplet(r)
star agtylgy , yldyz
starch krahmal(r), pet
ierilmek, petretmek, syn
stare
etmek, mlerilmek, seretmek
stare at jikermek
stare threateningly alarylmak
stare wide-eyed mlertmek
starling sar
start ge mek, dretmek,
tisginmek
startle geirgendirmek
startled geirgenmek
state tat(r)
state farm sowhoz(r)
stateroom kauta
station punkt(r), stansia(r),
wokzal(r)
statue hekel
statute ustaw(r)
staunch dzmli
ie, gyarnyksyz,
steadfast
mizemez
steal ogurlamak
stealthy ayryn
steam bug, ttemek
steel polat
steep dik
steering wheel rul(r)
stench porsy
step gadam, dimlemek,
tlemek, tmek
ekilmek
step back
step(s) basgan ak
step- (mother/father) we
steppe shra, gyr
stick taak, p, hasa,
epbemek, emlemek, (into)
apydyrmak
mdrmek
stick into
stick out jatarmak,
tazarmak
stick to apymak
stick togehter szlmek
sticky embeik
stigma tagma
stigmatize tagmalamak
still dek, entegem, entek, entk,
alta, indi, heniz, hli
stillness altalyk
akmak
sting or bite
stink porsy, kokamak
stinker akaw
stir bulamak, gymyldamak,
gymyldamak
stir up against jkdirmek
stirred bulanmak
stirrup zei
stitch petle(r), tikin, depjemek
stitch up petlemek
stobborness kesirlik
stolen tala ylykly
stomach agazan, garyn, mde
stomp dkrdemek,
dkrdetmek, tapyrdamak
stone nik, dalamak
stony daly
stoop egmek
stop sginmek, togtamak,
duruzmak, (bus) duralga
stopper dyky
stopping place delge
storage zapas(r)
store dkan, saklamak
storehouse sklad(r)
storm ga, gom, tupan
story erteki, hekaa, hekaat,
powest(r), kyssa, rowaat,
(floor) etazh(r)
stove plita(r)
straight gni, zowwam, dogry
straight toward baka

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straighten endiganlamak,
dikeltmek
straighten oneself dikelmek
straighten out gnelmek
straighten up dograltmak
straightforward gnmel
strain gypjyndyrmak, tagalla,
tagma, szmek, tijemek,
tijenmek
strain oneself marylmak
strained itilemek
straining dyzamak
straining spoon kengir
strange birhili, ge, del
strap kemer
strategem pirim
stratum topar
straw sypal
straw colored mele
straw saman
kelle=stupid saman
strawberries klubnika(r)
ylgym
streak
stream akar, akym, syrykmak,
wdrmek
street k e
streetcar tramwa(r)
strength garat, g ,
kuwwatlylyk, mydar, ysgyn,
zarp, berklik, hal, kuwwat,
mejal, tap
strengthen bekemek,
gatalkmak, g lenmek,
gjemek, mkmlemek,
zarplandyrmak
stress omzamak
stretch tijemek, tijenmek,
batlandyrmak
stretch out snmek,
sndrmek, uzatmak
strike patlamak, pyl amak,
aknymak, urmak
string p, dzmek
ylgym, ykyrynmak
strip
strip off olmak
yzmyk
stripe
striped zolakly
strive hysyrdamak, ytalamak
apymak
strive to overpass
stroll gezelen , gezende, gezim,
gezelen etmek, seran
etmek, smsnmek,
alanjyramak, gezmek, (in
open air) elejirp gelmek
strong daaw, gurply, g li,
kuwwatly, mkm, ykjam,
zaply, zor, berk, gaty
structure desga
struggle urumak
strum tiirdemek, tiirdetmek
strut direg
strutting gaky

stubborn ke , ke jal, kejir,
kesir, ketje, h jet
stubborness h jetlik, ke lik
stucco plaster suwag
igmek
stuck in a knot
student kursant, student(r)
studenthood studentlyk
studies okuw
studio ussahana
study kabinet(r), okamak
stuff nalamak, gamladyrmak,
uwaamak, dykmak,
epbedirmek
stuff oneself domak
stuffiness petilik
stuffy kapas, peti
stumble on bdremek
stump te
stunted gyrymsy
stupid akylsyz, gagal, samsyk,
akmak, ke je, tnt, tentek
stupidity akmaklyk, akylsyzlyk,
ke jelik, eilkellelik
stutter sakynmak
stutterer sakaw
style fason(r), stil(r), hil,
moda(r), tip(r)
subdivision podrazdelenie(r)
subject tema(r), (of a sentence)
nekme
submit gomak
subordinate tabyn
subordination tabynlyk
subscribe azylmak
subscriber abuna y
subscription abuna, azylysyk
subside rahatlanmak,
njalmak, sapallamak
substance madda
substitute tzelenmek
subvert mayrmak
subway metro(r),
metropoliten(r)
subzero minus(r)
success o, stnlik, ow
successful rowa , sowly,
owly, etiikli, netijeli
successively u dantutma, yzlyyzynda, yzygideri
successor miras y
such ele, zeilli, bele,
ekilli
suck sokjamak, emmek, sormak
suckle naharlamak
sudden dudansyz, tarpa,
tarpa-tayn, zaply
suddenly birden, tapba, zompa
sue sudlamak
ydamak, horluk
suffer
ekmek, horlyk ekmek, jepa
ekmek, surnukmak
suffering grgi, hupbat, pis,

helk ilik, horluk
suffering from a
cough sglewukli
suffice garbamak, etmek
sufficient bolelenlik
suffix goulma
suffocate bogulmak
sugar gant, eker
sugar-beet eker inrigi
sugary gantly, sji
suit kostum(r), gelimek
suitable aramly, kemally
emedan(r)
suitcase
sulfur kkrt
ytyk
sullen
og
sultriness
sultry jokrama, peti
sum jem
sum up jemlemek,
umumyladyrmak
summer tomus
summer-house dalbar
summon ksemek, agyrmak
summons powestka(r)
sun gn
sunburn gnelemek
Sunday ekenbe
sunflower gnebakar
igit
sunflower seed
sunny gneli
sunrise gn dogmagy
sunset gn amagy
sunshine gne, parlak
superficial zle
supple may gak
supply pjnetmek
support arkalayk, daan ,
goldaw, sget, tekge,
arkadan , tutmak,
agyrni lik, goldamak,
gollamak
supported arkaly
supporter tarapdar, tarapdar,
aran, se
aklamak, enlemek,
suppose
osmak, olamak, tmek
supposed hyally
suprise haran
sure hatyrjem, ynamly
surety zamun
surface kebi, st, z
surgeon hirurg(r)
surgery hirurgik(r)
surname familia(r)
surprise geirgendirmek
surprising ge
surround egelenmek
surroundings da-twerek,
twerek
surveillance ideg
survey syn

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suspect bhelenmek
suspend tsgenmek
swaddling clothes gundag
swallow uwdunmak,
uwutmak, garlawa
swamp sgeiklik, batga
swampy sgeik
swan gw
swarm slenmek
sway ykjamak
swear (curse) swmek
swear out kemek
swear word sgn
sweat der, hyssyldamak,
derlemek
Swede wed(r)
sweep sprmek, togalanmak,
sbcelemek, sprmek,
syrmak, tigirlenmek
sweet lezzetli, nabat, sji,
sji, irin, lezzetli
sweet tooth sji il
ismek, pakgarmak,
swell
pkremek, iirmek
swell up gbermek
i
swelling
swift zaply
swift attack zarba
us
swift-footed
swiftly okgunly
altlyk
swiftness
swim dnmek2, zmek
swimmer zji
swindler kezzap
swing hiildik, hiilik,
sallan ak, u urmak, ykjamak,
yralamak, yramak, yranmak,
yra atmak
swirl burugsamak
switch wyklu atel(r), ybyk
switch off rmek
switch over dnmek
sycophancy aranjalyk
sycophant aranja
syllable bogun
symbol simbol(r)
symbol nysan
sympathetic dzmsiz,
duguda
sympathy dugudalyk
synonym sinonim(r)
synopsis kospekt(r)
syntax sintaksis(r)
synthesis sintez(r)
synthetic sintaktik(r),
synthetika(r)
system sistema(r)
systemize sistemledirmek
T
t-shirt maka(r)
table stol(r), tablisa
tablet tabletka(r)
tactic taktika(r)
tahya taha
tail guruk
tailor bi im i, bi mek, tikin i
take almak
take a bite tamanmak
take a
responsibility bor lanmak
take a rest dyn almak
take a view of altaklamak
take advantage
of hayrlanmak
take aim nysan almak,
nyanalamak
enemek
take aim at
take an oath kasam i mek
take apart aralamak, skmek
take away kitmek
take care of sagdynladyrmak,
aamak
take for a walk gezdirmek
take inaccount hasap etmek
take it! me!
take leave of holamak
ykyrynmak,
take off
ykarmak
take offence kelemek
ykarmak
take out
take pains emgemek
take prisoner tussag etmek
take refuge halas bolmak
take revenge ar almak
take shelter yklamak
take up arms araglanmak
take with a fork aramak
taken inaccount hasaplanmak
tale bean, beanama
talent talant(r), zehin, ukyp
talented talantly(r), zehinli,
kde, ukyply
talisman of camel hair alaja
talk gep, grr, gep-grr,
geplemek, my-my, iwe,
madyrdamak, amanlamak
talk back sanamak
talk into gwnetmek
talkative lakgy, geplemek
tall belent, uzyn, okary
tally hasap, hasap
tally up hasamak, hasaplamak
tame ekdi, eldek
tan elemek
tangerine mandarin
tangle umak
tangled hair imemek
tank bak, tank(r)
tantalize gjelemek
tap bulak, kran(r)
tape recorder magnitofon(r)
relmek
taper
tar garaag, tar, epbik
tardiness wmezlik
target nyana
tart talh
task mesele, wezipe
tassel gotaz
tassle penje
taste tagam, dadyrmak, datmak
tasty tagamly, irin
tattered elean
tatters ylha
tax salmak
taxi taksi(r)
a
tea
ahana
tea-house
ake
tea-lover
tea-pot kitir
teach okatmak, wretmek,
wretmek
teacher mugallym, halypa,
okudyjy
teacher (female) mugallyma
team komanda(r), kollektiw(r)
nek, nik
teapot
tear tmek, yrtylmak
tear off goparmak, sypyrmak,
zmek, zlmek, yrtmak
tear off a piece dmmek
tear pieces tt-mt etmek
teardrop a, gz a, gza
tease gjelemek
technical tehniki(r)
technical school tehnikum(r)
technician tehnik(r)
technique tehnika(r)
telegram telegramma(r)
telegraph telegraf(r),
telegrafirlemek(r)
telephone ja etmek, telefon
etmek
television telewizion(r)
temperate madal
temperature temperatura(r),
ylylyk, gyzgyn
tempered taplanmak
tempest tupan
temporary wagtlayn
temptation sap
ten on
ten (noun) onluk
ten days ongunlyk
ten years onyllyk

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tender nzik, ynjyk
tender-hearted uka rek
tending ideg
tennis tennis(r)
tense dartgynly
adyr, palatka(r), atma
tent
tenth onunjy
tenure stazh(r)
term adalga, termin(r)
term of office mhlet
terminal polus(r)
terminator istrebitel
terminology terminologia(r)
termite tagtabiti
terrible elhen
territory territoria(r)
terror wehim
terrorism terrorizm(r)
test synag, ksenmek, synamak
tether day
text tekst(r)
thank you sag bol, spasiba(r)
that k, ol, u
that is to say... agny
that's why babatdan, tri
thatch sypal
thaw eremek
the back end e e
theater (film) kinoteatr(r)
theatre teatr
theft ogrulyk, ogurlyk, tala,
tala ylyk
thematic tematic(r)
theme tema(r)
then onda, hany, elelik bilen,
elelikde, so
theorem teorema(r)
theoretic teoretiki(r)
theory teoria(r)
therapeutic terapewtik(r)
therapist terapewt(r)
there belk, hanha, holha,
honha
therefore tri, nki
thermometer termometr(r)
thermos termos(r)
thesis eser
they olar
iik, galy, gr, kti,
thick
syk, ygy, gory, goy,
ogyn
thick-headed krzehin
thicken galamak, goalamk
thicket ldere
thickness galylyk, goulyk,
ktlik, tp
thief ogry, ogry
thieve ogramak
thigh but

thimble omak, wse
thin hor, hor, igli, in e, suwuk,
uka, in esagt
thin out ekelemek
thin rug palas(r)
thing zat
things go, zatlar
think pikir etmek, tmek,
pikirlenmek, samak
think hard lermek
think out tapmak
think upon ikirjinlemek
thinness ukalyk
third nji
thirst tenelik
thirsty tene
thirtieth otuzynjy
thirty otuz
this bu, u
this side of bri
thistle garamandalak
thorn tiken
thorny tikenli
thoroughfare magistral
thought pikir, a, o
thousand m
thread dzmek, trmek, sapak
thread a needle sapmak
threat habat
enemek
threaten
three , lk
threshing dwek
threshold bosaga
thriftless bisarpa
thrive pajalamak
throat bokyrdak, damak, bogaz
throb syzlamak, tyrkyldamak,
tyrkyldatmak, bkgldemek
throb,beat sorkuldmak
throng mele
through zowwam
through and through parran
throughout parran, btin
throw atmak, keseklemek, zy
mak
throw stones at dalamak
throw up gusmak
throw with force talamak
thrown talandy
mmek
thrust
thump grsldemek
thunder grrldemek, ta
yrdamak, gbrdemek,
gmmrdemek
Thursday penenbe
thus elelik bilen, umlukda
ticket bilet(r)
tickle gyjyk, gyjyklamak
tidy up ygnadyrmak
tie arabaglanyk, aragatnayk,
day, bogmak, danmak, da
mak, rklemek, kjemek,

saramak
tie an animal's four legs
together) glmek
itmek, atmak
tie together
tie up (specifically glmek
tie with a belt guamak
tiger gapla
tight gysby
tighten bzmek
till srmek
tillage srm, dgr
time zaman, gezek, esse, halat,
mahal, mwrit, pursat, wagt,
ola, en, dwr, gata
time-sheet tabel(r)
timeless lmez-itmez
times wre
timid tez, rkek, gorkak, ygra
timidity gorka, ygralyk
tin galay
tingle ( jmldemek
tingling jmldi
lpe, ujypsyz
tiny
tiny fishbones gyl yk
tire in(r), ejizlemek, adamak,
ysgynsyzlanmak, altanmak
tire out adatmak
tired argyn, adaw
tireless adawsyz
tissue paper sorgu
title szbay, adalga
toady aranja
tobacco temmki
toe barmak
toes daraklyk
together bile, bilelikde, birlikde,
rikli
toil emgenmek
toilet hajathana
token eton(r)
ydamlylyk
tolerance
ydamly
tolerant
tomasauce tomat(r)
tomato pomidor(r)
tomb gubur, gr
tome tom(r)
tomorrow ertir
ton tonna(r)
tone he, n, jyyrdy
tongs tigir, gysgy
tongue-twister ayltma
too hem, #NAME?
too much aa
tool abzal, esbap, gural
tooth di
r depesi, depe, okarky,
top
st
torch panys

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ekelemek,
torment
helklemek, azap, helk ilik,
horluk, emgek
torn elean, yrtyk
torso gwre, korpus(r)
torture grglik, gzap, azap,
ekelemek, grgi, helklemek
toss oklamak, urunmak,
keseklemek
total jem
total darkness ht-garaky
totally tutulayn
totally halys, tutulagyna
touch degmek, ellemek
touch up yyklandyrmak
touchy kelek
tough gaym
toungue dil
tour gastrol(r)
tourist turist(r)
touristic turistic
tournament tunir(r)
tousle samak
tow tartmak, ekmek
towel polotenste(r)
tower wyka(r)
toy onawa , ounjak, gurjak
trace yzarlamak, yz
track rels(r)
track down yzarlamak
tractor traktor(r)
tractor driver traktor y(r)
trade hnr, senet, swda
trade union profsouz(r)
trader swdagar
tradition dessur, dp, dpdessur, relge
traffic gatnaw
tragedy tragedia(r)
tragic tragiki(r)
train trgenlemek, otly,
emelenmek
train a horse seislemek
trained trgen
trainer trener(r)
training trgenleik
yzyk
trait
traitor dnk, hayn, i aly
tramp ykmanda
tramping tapyrdy
trample basgalamak,
depelemek, depgilemek,
padyrmak, tarpyldatmak
trampling tarpyldy
tranquility imisalalyk
mmek
transfix
transformation zlenme
transgress tlemek
transition ge is
transitory g me

translation perewod(r), terjime
translator terjime i
transplantation peresadka(r)
transport ulag, wek
transportation transport(r)
trap gapan
trash zibil, hapa
travel syahat etmek
traveller syahat y
travels syahat
treachery dnklik,
htialanlyk
treason haynlyk
treasure hazyna
treasury hazyna
treat bejermek, hdr etmek,
hdrlemek, sagdynladyrmak
treatment bejergi
treaty wadalayk
tree bag
tremble digden eklemek,
endiremek, gagamak,
galdyramak, mkldemek,
sandyramak, tibirdemek,
titremek, titrewuk,
zagyrdamak
trembling sandyrawuk
tremendous mhnet
tremors galpyldy
trend ugur
tresspass on hyanat etmek
tresspassing hyanat ylyk
tresspassor hyanat y
trial synag
triangle bur luk
tribe asyl, tapa, tire
tribune tribuna(r)
tribute salgyt
trick pirim
trickery etanlyk
trifling ownuk yl
trinket aylyk
trip syahat, syahat, res(r)
tripod kssek
tritel len bolmak
trolley trollebus(r)
trophies olja
tropic oda
tropical oda
trot selpemek, gezer
trouble azar, bozgaklyk,
hyllalla, nji, hasrat
trouble-maker bozgak
troubled aladaly, gowgaly,
lbik
troubles hysyrdy, agyry, alada
trough ahyr
trouser-leg gon
truancy progul
truck gruzovik(r), uk maina
yn, dogrudan, dogry,

true
wepaly, idili
truly dogrusy
trump ifirlemek(r)
trunk gwre, hortum, korpus(r),
(of a tree) nil
trust ynanmak
trustee hossar, hossar
trusteeship hossarlyk
trusting ynanja
truth hakykat, wepa, ynsap
ytalamak, dyrjamak,
try
janykmak, synanmak,
synanmak
try on deemek
try out ksenmek
tubby person gipdenek
tube trubka(r), truba(r)
yzgmak, ermemek
tuck up
Tuesday sienbe
ogdan
tuft
tug dartmak
igildem
tulip
tulle tul(r)
tumor ber , i
elek
tun
tundra tundra(r)
tune he, he, n
tunnel tonnel(r)
turban selle
Turk trk
turkey induk(r)
Turkish trki
Turkmen trkmen
Turkmeness trkmen ilik
turn nobat, wrm, alamak,
hozanaklamak, sowulmak,
towlamak, dolamak, tow,
neli, alanmak,
towlanmak, dnmek, gezek, (a
corner) gorsamak, (in a game)
g
turn brown goralmak
turn down a light rmek
turn for nelmek
turn for the worse erbetlemek
alarmak
turn gray
wrlmek
turn inside out
turn off a light sndrmek
turn oneself over wrlmek
turn out ogua
turn over drdirmek,
dndermek, wrlmek
turn something wrmek
turn sour mzzermek, turamak
turn to z tutmak,
zlenmek
ermemek, yzgmak
turn up
turn upside-down agdar-du
der etmek, dnderilmek
turn-coat dnk

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turnip algam
turnpike osse(r)
turret wyka(r)
turtle pybaga, pydyl
tutor terbie i
tuyduk tdk
irtmek, mmklemek
tweak
twentieth igriminji
twenty igrimi
twig pudak
twigs ot- p
twin ekiz
twinkle ylpyldamak
twinkling lampa
twirl pyrlamak, tirlemek,
tirlendirmek
twist burmak, pyrlamak,
tirlemek, tirlendirmek,
towlanmak, bkdrmek,
towlamak, ygyrmak,
yrpynmak
twist oneself pyrlanmak
twisted towly
two goa, iki
two-faced ikizli
two-sided apbasy, ikianlayn
two-year ikiyllyk
Tyg arasy biter tyg
type rift(r), tip(r)
type of illness in ekesel
type of melon zam a
type of tree sazak
typesetter ygyjy
typhys garahassalyk, rgnli
typical tipik(r), tiplein(r)
typist mainistka(r)
tyrannical zalym
tyranny zalymlyk, zulum, edenetdilik
tyrant zalym
U
udder emjek
ugliness umroluk
ugly bedro, betgelik,
betnysan, edren , umro
Uighur (nationality) ugur
Ukranian ukrain(r)
ulcer peehorda
unanswerable jogapsyz
unavoidability ala syzlyk
unbiased obektiw(r)
unbutton azdyrmak
uncertain alasarmyk, aljyray,
gmana
unchanged kne e
uncle day, dde, dada(r),
(Balkan dialect) kaka
unclear dnksiz
uncomfortable amatsyz, bija,
emesiz
unconscionable naynsap
unconscious behu, ynsapsyz
unconsciousness ynsapsyzlyk
unconsidered gmrtik
uncoordinated dagynyk
uncultured edepsiz
unculturedness edepsizlik
undecided ikigwnli
under kw salmak
under duress nala
underage ki i
undergarments i ki-geim
undergo synamak
underground erasty
underline nyglamak
understand asyrmak,
dnmek1, grmek, amak
understand each
other dnimek
understandable dnkli
understudy orunbasary
undertaking krhana
underwater suwasty
undetermined ikigwnli
undisciplined bidzgn,
tertipsiz
undistinguished pes
unease gozgala
uneasy biynjalyk
uneconomical bisarpa
alasowat, jahyl
uneducated
unemployed isiz
unemployment isizlik
uneven ters
unexpected oslagsyz, tarpa
unfair ynsapsyz
unfairness ynsapsyzlyk
unfamiliar nbelet
unfamiliarity nbelet ilik,
nbeletlik
unfasten azdyrmak
unfavorable oasyz
unfortunate person grgli
unfortunately gynansamda
unfounded esassyz
unhealthy nho, nsag
uniform endigan, forma(r)
uniformly
distributed birsydyrgyn
uninformative dereksiz
unintentionally nala
uninterrupted znksiz
union birleik, souz
unique ara
unison jebislik, baglanyyk
unit birlik
unite birikmek, birledirmek,
utgamak
united baglanyykly, baglajy,
birleen, utgayk
united under God tarybir
universal btindna,
hlumumy, uniwersal(r)
universe lem-jahan
university uniwersitet(r)
unjust ynsapsyz
unknowable nbilein
unknowing bilmezlik
unknown bilmezden, nbelli,
nmlim, ntany, nbelet
unknown property amanat
unlawful kanunsyz
zmek, tutadyrmak
unleash
unleavened bread petir(r)
unlimited ymgyr
unlit garaky
unload boatmak
unloved gadyrsyz
unmotivated dereksiz
unmoving dek
unnecessary gereksiz
unpleasant mhirsiz
ola
unpopulated
unquestionable soragcyz,
bhesiz
unquestionably eksiz
unreasonable sebpsiz
unrest ouksyzluk, nji,
ynjalyksyzlyk
unrestricted erkana
unrestrictedly erkin
ig
unripe
unruly tertipsiz
unsatisfactory kanagatlanlarlyk
sz
unscrupulous naynsap
unshakable mizemez
unsigned golsuz

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unskilled emelsiz
unsociable ekemen,
garasmez
unspoiled syrdambitin
unspoken grrsiz
unsuccessful netijesiz,
etiiksiz
unsuitable etmez ilik
unswerving gyarnyksyz
untalented zehinsiz
zlemek
untangle
zmek
untie
enli, dee , t
until
until now heniz
until one dies lin a
until satisfied doa
untilled boz
untouchable sarsmaz
untrue biwepa
untruthful galat
unused bo
unusual del, serek
unwaivering mizemez
unweildy gaba
unworthy nlayk
upbringing terbie,
terbielei
upkeep saklay, mazmun
upon the cross atanaklayn
upper okarky
upper part st
uprising gozgala
urge hadatmak
urgent garagolulmasyz,
gyssagly, mhletli, derways,
ynandyryjy
urgently gyssag
urine peew
urn around sowmak
use peda, ulanmak,
aratmak, hayr
use up harajat etmek
used up olgalmak
useful pedaly
useless biderek, pedasyz,
aramaz
usual adaty
usually kplen
utensils gapga
utilize ulanmak
Uzbek zbek
V
vacation kanikul(r), dyn
almak
vaccine waktsina(r)
vagabond segezdan, ykmanda,
sergezdan
vague ayryn
vain baaga, nhak,
hratparaz, howay
valley dere, jlge
valour edermenlik
valuable gymmatly, a-sep
vanish grm-jrm bolmak,
itirim bolmak, itmek
vanity baagalyk,
hratparazlyk
vanity mirror tagan
vanquish wrmek, stn
ykmak
vapidity eilkellelik
vapor dem
variant wariant(r)
variety sort(r)
various gatyyk, drli-drli
alymak, zgertmek
vary
vegetable gk nm
vegetable(s) ir-imi
vein damar
velour welur(r)
velvet welwet(r)
veneer faner(r)
vengance kast
vengeance
venture krhana
veranda dalan, ewan
verb ilik
verbal harma-harp
verdict hkm
verse kuplet(r), ygyr
versed habarly
vertical wertikal(r)
very bi ak, in, rn, te,
u ursyz, artykma , girt, hut,
aman
very much wee-wee
very well i gin
vessel gap, bak
veteran weteran(r)
veterinary weterinaria(r)
vex helklemek
vexed hyrsyy dilemek
via sti bilen
vibrate yrgyldamak,
yrgyldatmak
vibration yrgyldy
vicinity da-twerek
vicious scheme gabahat ylyk
victor eiji
victory ei, bolu
view nazar
vigilant hgr, sak, eserde
village oba
vindicate demek
vinyl record plastinka(r)
virgin soil tarp
virtue mertebe
virus dmew
visible grnkli
vision gr, gz
visit grme-gr, wizit(r)
vista a-dnje
vital derways
vitamin witamin(r)
vodka arak
voice gyl, ses
void howay
volcano wulkan(r)
volleyball wolebol(r)
volume gwrm, m ber,
tom(r)
voluminous gwrmli
voluntary meletin
volunteer meletin i
vomit gemek, pitirdemek,
gusmak
vote salow
voter salaw y
vow kasam i mek, ht, ert
ekimli ses
vowel
voyage res(r)

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W
waddle momuldamak
wage war urumak
wagon wagon(r)
wail jgildemek, wakyrmak,
nrazy ylyk
wailing jgildi
waist bil, guaklyk
wait garamak
wait for someone garalymak
waiter ofisian(r)
wake someone turuzmak,
rzmek
wake up oanmak
wakefulness wr
waken turuzmak
walk smsnmek, remek
walking seil
wall diwar, haat, seer
wallow lshermek
walnut grek hozy
wander entemek, entreklemek,
tentemek, gezmek, seran
etmek
wanderer segezdan
want gereklemek, islemek,
islemek, hajat
wanting to gwnje
war uru, harby
warbler (bird) jikjiki
wardrobe garderob(r), kaf(r)
warm gyzymak, ylatmak,
mayl, mylaym, yly,
mhirli
omak, ylamak,
warm up
ylynmak, malamak
warm weather mayllyk
warmth ylylyk
warn dudurmak
warning dudury, howsala,
trewoga(r)
warrant narad
wash uwmak, uwundyrmak
wash away kwmek
wash oneself uwunmak
wash with soap sabynlamak
waste har lamak, itgi, yra,
har lamak
watch synlamak, sagat, sagat
watch over (lit gz-gulak
bolmak
watchful hgr, idediji, sak,
ideg-sorag
watchman sak y

alamak, suwarmak,
water
suwarmak, aarmak, suw,
suw, kompot(r)
water boiler semawar(r)
water pipe wodoprowod(r)
water-dispenser kolonka(r)
water-pump kolonka(r)
waterfall aglawuk
watering suwarym
watermelon garpyz
watershed saka, taraz
waterskin gowa
watery suw, uwan
wave bulalamak, salgamak,
pasyrdamak, tolkun
waver tykyramak, ygrylmak
wax mum
way alyn, tertip-dzgn, usul,
ak, ol
way back gadyyn
way-to-go berekella
we biz
weak asgyn, gowak, gujursyz,
ejiz
weaken asgynlamak,
gowamak, haallamak
weakness asgynlyk,
ysgynsyzlyk
wealth balyk
wealthy adyl
weapon arag
wear dakynmak
wear out knelmek, lejini
ykarmak, szlmek, tozmak,
tdlmek, kneltmek (by
use) tozdurmak, ttmek
weariness argynlyk
weather howa
weave dokamak
weaving dokma
wedding caravan gelinalyjy
wedding gifts atgulak
wedding procession gelnalyjy
wedge pahna, inde
arenbe
Wednesday
weed haal
week hepde
week-long hepdelein
weekly hepdelik
weep aglamak, eremek
weeping agy
weft (carpet-making
term) arga
weigh semek
weight agram, agyrlyk
weighten agralmak
weighty uly
weird syrly, ge
weld seplemek
welder kebirleli
well bakaly, guy, ho, ho,
elelikde, eri, gowy,
gurgun, a, dzwli,
umlukda
well done tweleme
well lit agty
well thought out olanyykly
well-being abadan ylyk, eret,
egilik, oluk, rhnet
well-bred edepli, terbieli
well-deserved rowa
well-dressed bezemen,
genwli
well-known belli
well-off gurply
well-to-do pjn
west gnbatar
wet ezmek, llemek, l, alpyara, ygly
whale kit(r)
what to do? ntmek
what else dagy
what kind? nhili
what sort? ntsli
what? nme
wheat bugda, bugda
wheel tigir, arh, spent,
tigirlemek
wheelbarrow galtak
when ha an, nwagt
where nirede
where? hany, nire
whet taplamak
which? hasy, nene, nenesi
which number? n enji
while onyan a
whim nz
whimsical ynjyk
whine iildemek, yzlamak, y
yldy, izzildemek, yyldamak
whip gam ylamak,
sagylamak, gam y
whip up gunumak
whirl gamalamak, burmak,
syramak
whirlpool gipdal
whisper pyyrdamak,
wyyrdamak, pyyrdy, wyywyy
yrryldamak,
whistle
jrletmek, sygyrmak,
sygyrmak, uwwuldamak,
uwwuldy, gygyrmak
whistling sykyklyk
white ak
white-wash aklamak
whiten aklamak
whitest ap-ak
whitewash heklemek
who? kim
whole bitin, btin
wholeness aman
wholesale loma swda,
loma, lomalygyna
wholly tutu

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whooping cough gtsbogma
why nme in
wick pelte
wicked um
wide gi, ogyn, gii
widow dul aal
widower dul
width gilik
wife aal, hele, magala
wife and husband magala
wife's brother baja
yrpynmak
wiggle
wild hyrawa, abany
wild dove gger in
wilderness jeel
wilfullness zbaya
will (testament) wesetnama
will you la
willingly hwesje
willow swt, tal
willy-nilly biala
wilt solmak, myssarmak
win utmak, stn ykmak
yrpynmak, emal, el
wind
yrlamak
wind around
wind up keleplemek
winding alawly
window ana, pige, penjire
window leaf forto ka(r)
windy elli
wine sidik, erap
wine-glass bulgur
wineskin tulum
wing ganat
wink gypmak
winner eiji
winnings utu
winter gy
wintering gylag
wintertime gyyna
wipe sprmek
wire sim
wisdom parasat, pahas
wise pahasly
wish arzuw etmek,
arzuwlamak, dilemek, myrat,
arzuw, meil
wish for meillenmek,
ksemek
wit dilewar
with bilen, deirmek
algyrt
with an accent
with caution ema bilen
with effort zordan
with pleasure hwesje
with spirit gwneja
with two meanings iku ly
rmek, pyssarmak,
wither
alykmak
withered agajet
within i eri
without basis esassyz
without delay zwwe

without doubt eksiz
without end ummasyz
without hesitation irginsiz
without permission bidin,
ygtyarsyz, jogapsyz
ydamak
withstand
witness aat
witty dilewar
wizard jadyg
wobble goduklamak
wolf bri, mjek, gurt
wolfish bri
woman hele, aal
woman's jacket kofta(r)
wonder aalmak
wonderful ajayp, allanme,
tsin
wood odun, toka
wooded place tokalyk
wooden hammer tokmak
woodpecker dadeen
woof arga
wool
word sz
wordless grrsiz
work ilemek, ilemek, i, i
work hard emgenmek
work out ornamak
work up owkalamak
worker i i, i i
workshop ussahana
world dn, lem, jahan,
lem-jahan
worldly dnewi
worm gurt, gur uk
wormwood kekre
worrisome gagyly
worry darykmak, gagy etmek,
zowzuldamak,
ynjalyksyzlanmak, gagy,
tolgunyyk
worry someone tolgundyrmak
worse beter
worsen beterlemek, garalmak,
aramazlamak
worship ba egmek, ba egme
worthless biderek, birehim,
warak
worthy rowa
worthy (of) mynasyp
worthy of blame ayp
wound kesdirmek, aralamak,
zarbykdyrmak, ara
wounded araly, pers-ala
wow b
wow! oh! gosh! be
wrap dolamak, saramak
wrap around damak
yrmamak, olamak
wrap up
wrapper dolag
wreak havoc mw almak
wrestle gremek
wrestling gre, sambo
wretch pahyr, ermende

wrinkle epilmek
wrinkle brmek, ytmak,
gasyn, ygyrmak
wrinkled mr k, mrrk,
ygyrt, agajet
wrist goar
write azmak
writer kyssa y, azyjy
writing azuw, hat
written work eser
wrong bimamla, ndogry, ke je
wre
wrong side

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X
X-ray(s) rentgen(r)
Y
yard howly, mellek, da
yarn p
yawn pallamak, pal
year yl
year before last il
year by year ylsayn
yellow sary, mele
yellowest sap sary
yellowish saryagyz
usamak
yelp
yes hawa
yesterday dn
yesterday's dnki
yet entegem, entek, entk,
heniz, indi
yield (cotton)
yo hey
yoghurt szme
you sen, (plural or formal) siz
young krpe, a
young and old alike uly-ki i
Young
Communist komsomol(r)
young girl gelin
young people juwan
young/little donkey krre
younger brother jigi
younger sister-in-law baldyz
your way seni e, sizing e
youth juwan, juwanlyk, alyk,
igitlik
Z
zeal yhlas, hwes
zealous yhlasly
zero nol(r)
zinc sink(r)
zone zona(r)
zoo hawanat bagy
zoological zoologik(r)
zoology zoologia(r)

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Contents of the Appendix

1.0
Brief Introduction to the Turkmen Language

1.1 The Alphabets
1.2 Brief Dicussion of the Alphabets
1.3 Learning the New Alphabet
1.4 Learning the Cyrillic Alphabet
1.5 Vowel Harmony
1.6 Long and Short Vowels
1.7 Vocal Transformations
2.0 The Case System
2.1 Cases of Pronouns
3.0 Verbs
3.1a- Present Comprehensive, long form
3.1b - Present Comprehensive, short form
3.2a - Present Perfect
3.2b - Present Perfect (negative)/Habitual Present (negative)
3.3 - Future Certain
3.4 - Future Indefinite
3.5 - Conditional
3.6 - Past Definite
3.7 - Obligatory Form
3.8 - Imperative Forms
3.9 - Intentional Form
4.0 Relative Clauses
5.0 Cases and their suffixes
5.1 Possessive Suffixes
6.0 The Absolute Posessive
7.0 Nouns in Direct Relation
8.0 Coparatives & Superlatives
9.0 Some Unusual Structures in Turkmen Grammar
10.0 Go?ylmalar
10.1 Passive
10.2 Reflexive
10.3 Reciprocal
10.4 Causitive
11.0 Four Important Modal Verbs: otyr, atyr, dur, r
12.0 Selected Suffixes and Prefixes
12.1 -y/-i
12.2 -dar
12.3 -ke?
12.4 -siz/-suz/-syz
12.5 -lik/-lk/-lyk/-luk
12.6 The prefix bi12.7 -daky/-dki
13.0 Expressing Needs and Desires
14.0 Indicating Possibility: mmkin
15.0 -dygy/ digi
16.0 Double Verbs
16.1 Expressing Ability: -p/-yp/-ip bilmek
16.2 Doing an Action for Someone: -p/-yp/-ip bermek
16.3 Attempted Action: -p/-yp/-ip grmek
16.4 Anticipated Action: -jak/-jek bolmak

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1.0:
Brief Introduction to the Turkmen Language
The Turkmen Language belongs to the greater family of Turkic

languages.
The Turkic languages, together with the Mongolian and
Manchu-Tungus languages, form the Altaic language group.
Specifically,
Turkmen is included in the sub-group of Southern Turkic languages, along

with Turkish and Azeri.
Among all the Turkic languages, there are
similar grammatical structures, similar phonetics and some shared

vocabulary.
In some ways Turkmen is an easy language to learn.
or Spanish, Turkmen has no genders.
Unlike Russian
There are no irregular verbs.
For
the most parts, words are written exactly as they are pronounced.
Finally, Turkmen's grammatical case system is remarkably simple once
understood, and has almost no exceptions.
The greatest difficulty for beginning Turkmen speakers will
probably be adapting to Turkmen's elaborate system of grammatical
suffixes, or "tag words" and learning to re-order their speech so that
the predicate (verb) is the last thing spoken.
Also, many simple
English grammatical structures (such as "to have", "to need", or "to be

able to") are handled differently in Turkmen.

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1.1
The Alphabets
Tze Elipbi
Aa
Bb
Dd
Ee
Ff
Gg
Tkmn Cyrillic
Aa
Bb
Hh
Dd
?/
Ff
Gg
Hh
Ii
Jj
Kk
Ll
Mm
Nn
Oo
Pp
Rr
Xx
Ii
Kk
Ll
Mm
Nn
Oo
Pp
Rr
Ss
Tt
Uu
Ss
Tt
Uu
Ww
Yy
Zz
Vv
Yy
Jj
Zz
?
"'
?
??
Ww
}]
(e)
(o)
(a)
(ts)
Ee
|\
Qq
Cc
English Equivalent
a, as in father
a, as in cat
b
ch
d
e, as in egg
f
when starting a word, voiced like the
English "g" in "go". Within words, voiced
like the throaty "g" in "bag"
h
ee, as in see
j
k
l
m
n
o, as in go
oo, as in good (approximately)
p
r, pronounced with a trill, as in Russian
or Spanish
s
t
u, as in flute
like u, but pronounced with rounded lips
and higher in the throat
w (in Russian words, as v)
i, as in sit
y, as in yes
z
ng, as in song
zh, as in pleasure (only found in Russian
words)
sh, as in wash
sch, as in fresh cheese (only found in
Russian words)
ye, as in yes
yo, as in yo-yo
ya, as in yacht
ts, as in hats

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1.2
Brief Dicussion of the Alphabets
The Turkmen alphabet was first written in Arabic, until about

1930, when a Latin script was introducted.
The Latin script was
replaced in 1940 when all Turkic people in the Soviet Union were
required to adopt the Cyrillic script.
Finally, in 1995, the "Tze
Elipbii" or New Alphabet, was formally introduced by the President to

re-align Turkmenistan with the non-Soviet world.
(Similar new alphabets
have been introduced in Uzbekiztan and other republics.)

The New Alphabet is currently used for street signs and political
slogans, but there is a severe deficit of other reading materials.
Almost all Turkmen books in print use the Cyrillic alphabet, and despite
the national-wide trainings that have taken place, and televised
instructional programs, the New Alphabet has yet to gain popular
acceptance.
1.3
Learning the New Alphabet
The new alphabet is much easier for native English speakers to

read and understand than is the Cyrillic, and also seems better suited
to the Turkmen language.
For this reason we have used it in the grammar
discussions of this text.
Most all letters are pronounced more or less
like their English counterparts.
The unusual letters are as follows:
New Turkmen English Equivalent

Aa
always the long a, as in "father"
always the short a, as in "cat"
ch, as in "cheese"
Gg
when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go".
Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag"
Ii
ee, as in see
Oo
always the long o, as in go
oo, as in good but rounder

Rr
r, pronounced with a slight trill
Uu
always the long u, as in flute
like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the

throat
Ww
w, as in "water" (in Russian words, v, as in "very")
Yy
i, as in sit
y, as in yes
ng, as in song
zh, as in pleasure (only found in Russian words)

?
sh, as in wash

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1.4
Learning the Cyrillic Alphabet
The Cyrillic Alphabet is a little disorienting at first, since

many of the letters seem like English counterparts, but they're actually
not.
The Cyrillic alphabet is also not ideally suited to Turkmen, and
as a solution to this, several distinctly Turkic characters are present

in the Turkmen Cyrillic alphabet that not present in Russian Cyrillic.
Also, several Russian Cyrillic characters are only found in words taken
from Russian.
Five characters look and sound approximately like their English
counterparts.
Cyrillic
Aa
Kk
Mm
Oo
Tt
These are:
English
long a, as in "father"
k
m
long o, as in "go"
t
The following eight characters might look like English letters,

but unfortunately they're different.
Cyrillic
Vv
Ss
Ee
Nn
Rr
Xx
Uu
English
w, as in "water" (in Russian words, as v, as in "very")
s, as in "see"
at the beginning of a word, ye, as in yes (with the "y") In
the middle or at the end of the word, usually as e, as in
"egg"
n, as in "no"
r, pronounced with a trill, as in Spanish
h, as in "hot", but throatier
long u, as in "flute"
like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the
throat

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The following 22 characters look unlike anything in seen in

written English, though some bear striking resemblance to kindergarten
experiments:
Bb
Hh
Dd
?/
short a, as in "cat"
b, as in "ball"
ch, as in "cheese"
d, as in "dog"
e, as in "egg" (almost exclusively used at the beginning of
words)
f, as in "fire"
when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go".
Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag"
ee, as in "see"
j, as in "jump"
l, as in "lye"
oo, as in good, but rounder (approximately)
p, as in "pi"
i, as in "sit"
y, as in "yes"
z, as in "zoo"
ng, as in "song"
zh, as in "pleasure" (only found in Russian words)
sh, as in "wash"
shch, as in "fresh cheese" (only found in Russian words)
yo, as in "yo-yo"
ya, as in "yacht"
ts, as in "hats"
Ff
Gg
Ii
Ll
Pp
Yy
Jj
Zz
?
"'
Ww
}]
|\
Qq
Cc
1.5
Vowel Harmony
One very interesting feature of Turkmen is that all vowels can be

divided into two groups, the front vowels (ine ekimli sesler) and the
back vowels (ogyn ekimli sesler). Front vowels are pronounced higher
in the throat and are more nasal, while back vowels are pronounced lower
in the throat and are more guttural.
and .
The front vowels are , e, i, ,
The back vowels are a, y, o, and u.
The "harmony" lies in the
fact that all Turkmen words of Turkic origin are pronounced either
entirely with front vowels, like kdi (pumpkin) or kw? (shoes), or
with back vowels, like doganlyk (brotherhood) or mugallym (teacher).
Grammatical and verb suffixes also follow vowel harmony, being divided
into two groups for front-vowel words and back-vowel words.
For
example, the front-vowel plural suffix -ler would be added to kdi to

form the word for "pumpkins," whereas the back-vowel plural suffix -lar
would be added to mugallym to produce "teachers."
In short, front
vowels go with front vowels and back vowels with back.
Subsequent

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suffix appendices will more completely explain applications of this

rule.
Turkmen has many Russian words, such as telewizor (television) and
radio (radio), that have simply been incorporated into the language.
These are spelled exactly according to the original Russian and often
have both front and back vowels within one word.
Such is true for the
numerous Turkmen words of Persian and Arabic origin, such as kitap

(book), dkan (shop), and serdar (leader).
In these cases, consistent
with the general rule for vowel harmony in Turkmen, the final vowel of
the word determines the vowel harmony for suffixation.
Verbs in Turkmen adhere consistently to vowel harmony.
All verbs
belong to one of two groups determined by their infinitive forms: those

ending in -mak, and those ending in -mek.
The suffixes for all -mak
verbs have only back vowels, whereas only front vowels will be found in
the suffixes of -mek verbs.
Examples of this will follow in the
explanations of verb tenses.
1.6
Long and Short Vowels
Another interesting feature of Turkmen is the use of long and

short vowels.
"bar."
Short vowels are like those in English, like the a in
Long vowels simply require pronouncing short vowels for the
duration of two vowels.
Often this difference in duration is all that
distinguishes the meanings of two words, as in the pairs below:

SHORT
LONG
at
horse
at
name
gyz
get excited! (imperative)
gyz
girl
bil
know! (imperative)
bil
waist
ot
grass
ot
fire
extinguish! (imperative)
revenge
gurt
curd, dry cheese
gurt
wolf, worm
d?
come down! (imperative)
d?
dream

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1.7
Vocal Transformations
Certain consonat combinations are rendered differently in spoken

Turkmen than their written forms would indicate.
For example, the nd of
mende (on my person) is pronounced "nn" when spoken (menne).
The
following chart will illustrate these combinations and examples with the
spoken transformations rendered in the new alphabet.
Written
n
l
z
s
s
?
z
t
t
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
d
d
d
d
t
j
s
s
s
l
d
j
b
Spoken
Written
Translation_________________
nn
sende
ll
aldym
zz
agyzda
ss
bsde?
ss
sti
??
go?jak
ss
azsyn
ss
gitse
parahatylyk
?s
asa
?l
alyk
?d
gedik
??
ijek
gw
bagban
2.0
Spoken
senne
allym
agyzza
bsde?
ssi
go??ak
assyn
gisse
parahaylyk
a?sa
a?lyk
ge?dik
i??ek
bagwan
on your person
I took
in the mouth
rival
top, surface
will add
let him write
if she goes
peace
if it opens
hunger, famine
we passed
will drink
gardener
The Case System
Like Russian or German, Turkic languages have a system of

grammatical cases.
Cases are defined by changes that occur to a word
when it is placed in different grammatical context.
English has cases
for personal prounouns. For example: "I see him", "He sees me".
"Me sees he", "Him sees I".
Not:
Turkmen, however, has six cases, and these
cases are used for all words, not just personal prounouns.
The six
Turkmen cases are: the nominative, used for the subject of the sentence;
the possessive, similar to English possessives; the dative, used to show
directed action; the accusative, which is similar to the English "direct
object"; the time/place, which shows locality; and the instrumental,
which is used to show origin.
While six cases might seem a bit overwhelming at first, it should
be noted that the case suffixes simply replace our English prepositions
such as "from," "at," "with," "in," "on," and "to".
Also, the rules for
their use are remarkably simple and inflexible, unlike those of the
Russian cases.

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2.1 Cases of Pronouns

These follow fairly straightforwardly from the regular case
endings.
The only unusual exceptions being the mutation of ol to on in
all cases, and the dative pronouns maa, saa, and oa.
Nomnative
men
I
sen
you
(singular
informal)
ol
he, she,
it
biz
we
olar
they
bizi
our
siz
you
(plural
or
formal)
sizi
your
Poss.
meni
my
seni
your
ony
his, her,
its
Dative
maa
to me
saa
to you
oa
to him,
her, it
bize
to us
size
to you
olara
to them
Accus.
meni
me
seni
you
ony
him,
her, it
bizi
us
sizi
you
olary
them
T/Place
mende
upon me
sende
upon
you
onda
upon
him, her,
it
bizde
upon us
sizde
upon
you
olarda
upon
them
Instrum.
menden
from me
senden
from
you
ondan
from
him, her,
it
bizden
from us
sizden
from
you
olardan
from
them
olary
their

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3.0 Verbs
Like English, Turkmen has a great variety of verb tenses.
Verbs
in Turkmen are conjugated in plural and singular for first, second, and
third persons.
As in Romance languages and Russian, the subject of a
sentence is often not spoken if it is obvious.

Following is a selection of verb tenses and forms.
All verbs are
conjugated on the model of azmak, to write.

3.1a- Present Comprehensive, long form
Translates to the English Present Simple or Present Progressive
Verb
Men
Sen
Ol
Biz
Siz
Olar
Form
azaryn
azarysy
azar
azarys
azarsyyz
azarlar
Translation
Form w/
I write/I am writing.
stem
You write/You are writing. stem
He writes/He is writing.
stem
We write/We are writing
stem
They write/They are writing. stem
MAK verbs
+(ar)yn
+(ar)sy
+(ar)
+(ar)ys
+(ar)syyz
+(ar)lar
MEK verbs
+(r)in
+(r)si
+(r)
+(r)is
+(r)siiz
+(r)ler
To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem:

Men azmaaryn = I am not writing. I don't write.
Men imerin = I am not eating. I don't eat.
3.1b - Present Comprehensive, short form

Translates to the English Present Simple or Present Progressive
Verb
Men
Sen
Ol
Biz
Siz
Olar
Form
azan
aza
azar
azas
azayz
azarlar
Translation
Form w/
I write/I am writing.
stem
He writes/He is writing.
stem
We write/We are writing.
stem
They write/They are writing. stem
To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem:

Men azmaan = I am not writing. I don't write.
Men imen = I am not drinking. I don't drink.
MAK verbs
+an
+a
+ar
+as
+ayz
+arlar
MEK verbs
+n
+
+r
+s
+iz
+rler

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3.2a - Present Perfect

Translates to the English Present Perfect.
Verb
Men
Sen
Ol
Biz
Siz
Olar
Form
azypdyrym
azypsy
azypdyr
azypdyrys
azypsyyz
azypdyrlar
Translation
I have written.
You have written.
He/she has written.
We have written.
You have written.
They have written.
Form w/ MAK verbs

stem
+(yp)dyrym
stem
+(yp)sy
stem
+(yp)dyr
stem
+(ypdyrys
stem
+(yp)syyz
stem
+(yp)dyrlar
MEK verbs
(ip)dirim
(ip)si
(ip)dir
(ip)diris
(ip)siiz
(ip)dirler
To form the negative, insert -man or -mn in place of the -yp or -ip after the
stem in the above endings:
Ol azmandyr = He/she has not written.
Olar gelmnderler = They have not come.
3.2b - Present Perfect (neg.)/Habitual Present (neg.)

Translates to the negative English Present Perfect (or to a negative
form of a "Habitual Present Tense")*, as such:
Verb
Men
Sen
Ol
Biz
Siz
Olar
Form
azamok
azaok
azanok
azamzok
azazok
azanoklar
Translation
I have not written.
You haven't written.
He hasn't written.
We haven't written.
You haven't written.
They haven't written.
Form w/ MAK verbs

stem
+(a)mok
stem
+(a)ok
stem
+(a)nok
stem
+(a)mzok
stem
+(a)zok
stem
+(a)noklar
MEK verbs
+(e)mok
+(e)ok
+(e)nok
+(e)mzok
+(e)zok
+(e)noklar
*These forms can also indicate that a certain activity is generally not
performed by the speaker:
Men azamok = I don't write. (as a habit)
Men ilim ekemok = I don't smoke. (as a habit)
3.3 - Future Certain

Translates to the English Future Simple with the tone of certainty.
Verb
Men
Sen
Ol
Biz
Siz
Olar
Form
azjak
azjak
azjak
azjak
azjak
azjak
Translation
I will write.
You will write.
He will write.
We will write.
You will write.
They will write.
To form the negative, add -dl after the verb:

Men azjak dl = I will not write.
Men gitjek dl = I will not go.
Form w/ MAK verbs

stem
+jak
stem
+jak
stem
+jak
stem
+jak
stem
+jak
stem
+jak
MEK verbs
+jek
+jek
+jek
+jek
+jek
+jek

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3.4 - Future Indefinite

Translates to English Future Simple with a tone of probability.
Verb
Men
Sen
Ol
Biz
Siz
Olar
Form
azaryn
azarsy
azar
azarys
azarsyyz
azarlar
Translation
Form w/ MAK verbs
I (probably) will write.
stem
+(ar)yn
You (probably) will write. stem
+(ar)sy
He (probably) will write. stem
+(ar)
We (probably) will write. stem
+(ar)ys
You (probably) will write. stem
+(ar)syyz
They (probably) will write.
stem
+(er)ler
MEK verbs
+(er)in
+(er)si
+(er)
+(er)is
+(er)siiz
+(ar)lar
To negate, add -m after the stem, except in the third person, where -maz is
used.
Men azmaryn = I (probably) won't write. Ol azmaz = He (probably) won't write.
Men gitmerin = I (probably) won't go. Olar gitmezler = They (probably) won't
go.
3.5 - Conditional
Expresses hypothetical situations, used like the English "if".
followed by a statement in the Future Indefinite tense.
Verb
Men
Sen
Ol
Biz
Siz
Olar
Form
azsam
azsa
azsa
azsak
azsayz
azsalar
Translation
If I write...
If you write...
If he writes...
If we write...
If you write...
If they write...
Form w/ MAK verbs

stem
+(sa)m
stem
+(sa)
stem
+(sa)
stem
+(sa)k
stem
+(sa)yz
stem
+(sa)lar
Usually
MEK verbs
+(se)m
+(se)
+(se)
+(se)k
+(se)iz
+(se)ler
To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the verb stem.
Men azmasam = If I do not write...
Men gitmesem = If I do not go.
3.6 - Past Definite

Translates to the English Past Simple.
Verb
Men
Sen
Ol
Biz
Siz
Olar
Form
azdym
azdy
azdy
azdyk
azdyz
azdylar
Translation
I wrote.
You wrote.
He wrote.
We wrote.
You wrote.
They wrote.
Form w/ MAK verbs

stem
+(dy)m
stem
+(dy)
stem
+(dy)
stem
+(dy)k
stem
+(dy)yz
stem
+(dy)lar
To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem.

Men azmadym = I didn't write.
Men gitmedim = I didn't go.
MEK verbs
+(di)m
+(di)
+(di)
+(di)k
+(di)iz
+(di)ler

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3.7 - Obligatory Form

Translates to English "must," "should," or "ought to" with a verb.
Verb
Men
Sen
Ol
Biz
Siz
Olar
Form
azmaly
azmaly
azmaly
azmaly
azmaly
azmaly
Translation
I must write.
You must write.
He must write.
We must write.
You must write.
They must write.
Form w/ MAK verbs

stem
+maly
stem
+maly
stem
+maly
stem
+maly
stem
+maly
stem
+maly
MEK verbs
+meli
+meli
+meli
+meli
+meli
+meli
To form the negative, add -dl after the verb.

Men azmaly dl = I must (should) not write.
Men gitmeli dl = I must (should) not go.
3.8 - Imperative Forms

In the singular and plural "you" forms, the verbs are simply rendered as
commands, with the varying levels of politeness as noted below. Note
that the personal pronouns are parenthetical, indicating that they are
not spoken as part of the command form, but indicate to whom the command
is being delivered.
Verb Form
(Sen) az!
(Sen) azy!
(Sen) azsana!
Translation
Write!
Write!
Write, please! (polite)
Form w/ MAK verbs

stem
stem
+y
stem
+sana
MEKverbs
(Siz) azy
(Siz) azsaizla
Write!
Write, please! (polite)
stem
stem
+i
+seizl
+y
+saizla
+i
+sene
The first person singular and plural forms translate not as commands,
but more as expressions of "I'm going to," "may I," "let me," or "let
us." The personal pronouns are necessary here.
Verb Form
Men azayn.
Men geein.
Biz
Biz
azaly
gideli
Translation
May I write.
Let me pass.
Let's write!.
Let's go!
Form w/ MAK verbs

stem
+ayn
MEK verbs
+ein
stem
+eli*
+aly*
*In colloquial speech, the endings are sometimes shortened to -aly and -ely.
To form the plural negative, add -ma or -me after the stem:
Hat azmaly = Let's not write a letter.
Bazara gitmeli = Let's not go to the bazaar.

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The third person forms are also not commands as much as they are urges
or wishes, translated roughly as "let..." or "would that..."
Verb Form
Ol
azsyn
Ol
gesin
Translation
Let him write.
Let him pass.
Form w/ MAK verbs

stem
+syn
MEK verbs
+sin
Olar azsynlar
Olar gesinler
Let them write!

Let them pass!
stem
+sinler
+synlar
To form the negatives for all the above forms, add -ma or -me after the stems,
according to vowel harmony:
Ol azmasyn = May he not write.
Olar gitmesinler = May they not go.
3.9 - Intentional Form

Translates to the English "intend to."
Verb
Men
Sen
Ol
Biz
Siz
Olar
Form
azmaky
azmaky
azmaky
azmaky
azmaky
azmaky
Translation
I intend to write.
You intend to write.
He/she intends to write.
We intend to write.
You intend to write.
They intend to write.
To form the negative, add

after the verb.
Men azmaky dl = I do not intend to write.
Men gitmeki dl = I do not intend to go.
Form w/ MAK verbs

stem
+maky
stem
+maky
stem
+maky
stem
+maky
stem
+maky
stem
+maky
MEK verbs
meki
meki
meki
meki
meki
meki

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4.0 Relative Clauses

Relative clauses are formed in Turkmen simply by using verb suffixes
based on the tense and vowel harmony of the verb. Who and which, used in
English to form relative clauses, are not used as such in Turkmen.
Relative clauses in the present tense are formed by adding the suffixes an and -n to the stems of MAK and MEK verbs, respectively:
geln adamlar = people who are coming
azan dostum = my friend who is writing
Sentence structure is as follows:
A?gabatdan geln adamlar olda durdular.
from-Ashgabat-coming-people-road-at-stopped
The people who are coming from Ashgabat stopped on the road.
Kitap azan dostum rjewde a?aar.
book-writing-my friend-Charjew-in-lives
My friend who is writing a book is from Charjew.
Relative clauses in the past are formed by adding -an and -en to the
stems of MAK and MEK verbs, respectively:
gelen adamlar = those who came
azan dostum = my friend who has written
Sentence structure is as follows:
Tejenden gelen adamlar kp idiler.
Tejen-from-came-people-much-they ate
The people who came from Tejen ate a lot.
Bu kitaby okanlar ony gowy diip tapdylar.
This-book-read (plural)-it-good-that-they found
Those who read this book found it (to be) good.
In the future tense, the definite future forms of the verb (-jak and jek) form the relative clauses. There are no unique suffixes:
Bizi klasymyzy okatjak mugallym Erandan geldi.
to-our-class-will teach-teacher-from Iran-came
The teacher who will teach our class came from Iran.
Gkdep gitjek okuwylar duralgasynda gara?yp durlar.
to Geok Depe-will go-students-stop-at-are waiting
The students who will go to Geok Depe are waiting at the stop.

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5.0
Cases and their suffixes

Vowel Endings
Consonant Endings
--- (no change)

pagta - cotton
Gk Depe - Goek Depe (a
town)
ny, ni (nu, n)
pagtany - cotton's
Gk Depeni- Goek
Depe's
-a,- or -na, -ne
pagta - to cotton
Gk Dep- to Goek Depe
--- (no change)

gazan - pot
k?ir - carrot(s)
Accusative
ny, ni
pagtany - the cotton
(direct ob.)
Gk Depeni- Goek Depe
(d.o.)
y, i
gazany- the pot (d.o.)
k?iri- the carrot(s)
(d.o.)
Time/Place
da, de or nda, nde

pagtada- in cotton
Gk Depede- in Goek
Depe
dan, den or ndan, nden
pagtadan - from cotton
Gk Depeden- from Goek
Depe
da, de
gazanda- in the pot
k?irde- in carrots
Nomnative
Possessive
Dative
Instrumental
y, i (u, )
gazany- pot's
k?iri- carrots's
-a, -e
gazana- to the pot
k?ire- to the carrots
dan, den
gazandan- from the pot
k?irden- from carrots
The Nominative Case answers Kim? Who?, Nme? What? , Nire? Where? It is used
for the subject of the sentence and sometimes for non-specific direct objects.
Gk Depe gowy. = Goek Depe is nice.
The Possessive Case answers Kimi? Whose?, Nmni? Of what? , Nirni? Of
where? Itis usually used to show simple possessive relationships. Gk Depeni
hkimligi = Goek Depe's mayor's office. However, it is sometimes used in ways
unfamiliar to English speakers, most notably in prepositional contexts: Gk
Depeni anynda = by Goek Depe, near Goek Depe.
The Dative Case answers Kime? To whom?, Nm? Towards what? To what end? ,
Nir? To where? It describes a motion directed toward something. Bu awtobus
Gk Dep gitr = This bus is going to Goek Depe. It also describes abstract
direction. Maa a gerek = Tea is necessary to me. (I need tea.) Please note
how the final vowels change in the following examples: (Trkmenba?y) Bu awtobus
Trkmenba?a gidr. (Mary) Bu awtobus Mara gidr. (li) Bu awtobus l
gidr.
The Accusative Case answers Kimi? Who?, Nmni? What? , Nirni? Where? It is
used for direct objects things that are acted upon by the verb of the
sentence. Men k?iri kesrin. = I'm cutting the carrots. It carries the
specificity of an English "the" and is only used when the object is definite.
The Time/Place Case answers Kimde? Upon whom?, Nmede? At what? , Nirede?
Where? At what place? It translate to English in various ways depending on the
context. Gk Depede a?aaryn = I live in Goek Depe. Mende a ok = I don't
have any tea. (on me)
The Instrumental Case answers Kimden? From who?, Nmeden? From what? , Nireden?
From where? Like the English "from" it can be used to describe both physical

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origin, and more abstract concepts of origin. Bu knek Gk

Depeden/pagtadan. = This dress is from Goek Depe/ made from cotton.

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5.1
Possessive Suffixes
Unlike English, the Turkmen language also adds a suffix to the

object of possession.
This may at times be redundant (Meni kakam
geldi. = My father-(my) came.) but often the possessive participle is

omitted (Kakam geldi. = Father-(my) came.) so the suffix alone shows
possession.
Vowel ending
My
-m
kakam, my father
ejem, my mother
Consonant Ending
My
-ym, -im (-um, m)
balykym, my fish
itim, my dog
Vowel ending
Our
-myz, -miz
kakamyz, our
father
ejemiz, our mother
Consonant Ending
Our
-ymyz, -imiz
(-umyz, miz)
balykymyz, our
fish
itimiz, our dog
Your (sing,
informal)
-
kaka, your father
eje, your mother
Your (sing,
informal)
-y, -i (-u, )
balyky, your fish
iti, your dog
Your (plural,
formal)
-yz, iz
kakayz, your
father
ejeiz, your
mother
Your (plural,
formal)
-yyz, -iiz
(-uyz, iz)
balykyyz, your
fish
itiiz, your dog
His, her, its

-sy, -si
kakasy, her father
ejesi, her mother
His, her, its

-y, -i
balyky, his fish
iti, his dog
Their
-sy, -si
kakasy, their
father
ejesi, their
mother
Their
y, -i
balyky, their fish
iti, their dog

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6.0
The Absolute Posessive
meniki
seniki
onuky
mine
yours
his/hers/its
biziki
siziki
olaryky
ours
yours
theirs
kimiki
whose?
Jereniki
Jeren's
Bu meni kitabym=this is my book

Bu kitab meniki=this book is mine
7.0
Nouns in Direct Relation
Turkmen contains certain pairs of nouns that are in "direct

relation," or which together illustrate a concept, exist without
use of the posessive suffixes.
For example, the general concept of
"bus stop" is rendered as awtobus duralgasy, whereas the posessive
awtobusy duralgasy would indicate "one bus's stop."
In these
direct relation pairs, the first noun, in its nominative form, acts
more as an adjective than a noun, specifying the genreal meaning of
the two-word concept.
Other examples are as such:
ma?yn agy=motor oil
miwe sogy=fruit juice
ylan deresi=snakeskin
(ma?yny agy=one car's oil)

(miweni sogy=one fruit's juice)
(ylany deresi=that snake's skin)
mekdep howlysy=schoolyard
(mekdebi howlysy=a school's yard)
Note that the second noun is in its "posessed" form with the appropriate
-i, -y, -si, or -sy ending.
8.0
Coparatives & Superlatives
To form the comparative, the -dan/den suffix (than) is added to the noun
being compared, and the suffix -rak or -rk is then added to the adjective. As
in the following examples, the -rak/rk ending is not mandatory:
Bu zmler ?ol zmlerden sji
Bu zmler ?ol zmlerden sjirk = These grapes are sweeter than those
grapes
The -rak/rk ending can be used to indicate a comparitive idea without
the actual comparative structure:
Olary knekleri kelterk = Their dresses are (generally) shorter.
To form the superlative, the words i or has (most) are added before the
adjective:
Maral meni i gowy okuwym = Maral is my best pupil.
Bu ma?ynlardan seniki has owadan = Of all these cars yours is the most
beautiful.
Sekizinji klaslary i kde okuwylaryny sala = Choose the most talented
pupils of the eighth grade.

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9.0
Some Unusual Structures in Turkmen Grammar
A. Comparisons "As... as"

Your hat is as expensive as hers. =
Seni ?lapa hem onuky aly gymmat.
Your
hat
and hers
as
expensive.
Your dog is as big as his. =
Seni iti hem onuky aly uly.
Your
dog
and his
as
big.
Their students are as good as ours. =
Onu owkuwylar hem biziki aly gowy.
Their students
and ours
as
good.
B. I (verb) (noun) to (verb)
I want him to come. =
Onu gelmegini islerin.
His
to come
I want.
She wants you to listen. =
Ol seni e?itmegii isler.
She your to listen
wants.
I was asking her to do so. =
Onu ?ele etmegini hay? edrdim.
Her
so
to do
I was asking.
I want him to come. =
Onu gelmegini islerin.
His
coming
I want.

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10.0
Go?ylmalar
Letters, go?ylmalar, are added to verbs to change their function.
10.1: Passive
Adding these go?ylmalar changes the verb to passive voice where the
doer of the sentence is unspoken.
-yl/-il; -ul/-l; -l
Meni ejem uly halyny dokady.=
My mother made/wove a big carpet.
?u haly den dokyldy.=
This carpet was made/woven from wool.
?u yl iki azyjy tze hekaalary dretdiler.
This year two writers created new stories.
a y - a k y n d a ? h e r i m i z h a k y n d a t z e g o ? g y d r e t i l d i .=
A new poem was written about our city.
10.2: Reflexive
Adding these go?ylmalar make the verb reflexive where the action of
the sentence has its effect on the person or thing that does the
action.
-yn/-in; -un/-n; -n
Gnde meni joralarymy grrin.=
I see my girlfriends everyday.
Ol i?e gidip grenip gatdy.=
He went to work, showed himself and left.
Kakam paltany ma?yna sedi.=
My father leaned the axe against the car.
Men ardamyny diwara sendym.=
I leaned my back against the wall.
10.3: Reciprocal
Adding these go?ylmalar make the verb exchanged between two people
or groups, or given and recieved in return.
-y?/-i?; -u?/?; -?
Maral jigisini gyjaklady.=
Maral hugged her little brother/sister.
Dostlar gyjakla?dylar we og?a?dylar.=
The friends hugged and kissed each other.
Sen Selbini grdmi?=

Did you see Selbi?
Biz gre?ip salamla?dyk.=
We saw and greeted each other.

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10.4: Causitive
Adding these go?ylmalar makes the subject of the verb also the
cause of an action or state.
-dyr/-dir; -dur/-dr;-yr/-ir; -ur/-r; -uz,-z; -ar/-er; der/-dar; -t

Men ?u kitap bilen gyzyklanamok.=
I am not interested in this book.
M e n i m u g a l l y m y m m a a T r k m e n g o ? g u l a r a n y w r e n m g e g y z y k l a n d y r d y .My teacher got me interested in Turkmen poetry.
Mergen e gelip derrew yatdy.=
Mergen came home and went to sleep right away.
Gl?at agalaryny gi atardy.=
Gulshat put her children to bed late.
Men Ainabady grenimde gldim.=
When I saw Ainabat, I laughed.
Ol glkunli dege?me adanynda dostlaryny glderdi.
He made his friends laugh when he told a funny joke.
Men erde kip glleri
ni pledim.=
I knelt on the ground and picked flowers.
opan dni kerdi.=
The shepherd made the camel kneel down.
Tomsuna hemme adama ir turar.=
Everyone gets up/wakes up early in the summer.
Sagat onda maa turuzsana!=
Wake me up at 10 o'clock!
Ol
He
Ol
He
i?ini etdi.=
did the work.
meni holynda i?letdi.=
made me work in the yard.
Only grmek=to see uses go?ylma -kez in its causitive form:

Olar bizi kede grdiler.=
They saw us on the street.
Men suratlarymy jorama grkezrin.=
I am showing my friend my pictures.

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11.0
Four Important Modal Verbs: otyr, atyr, dur, r
Four verbs in Turkmen, oturmak, atmak, durmak, and rmek,

have special 3rd person singular forms, otyr, atyr, dur, and r,
respectively, that can be used alone or with compound verb
structures to indicate a continuous action or the physical position
of something.
Personal endings are added to these 3rd person forms
as such:
men
sen
ol
biz
siz
olar
otyryn
otyrsy
otyr
otyrys
otyrsyyz
oyrlar
men
sen
ol
biz
siz
olar
atyrn
atyrsy
atyr
atyrys
atyrsyyz
atyrlar
men
sen
ol
biz
siz
olar
durun
dursu
dur
durus
dursuyz
durlar
*The 3rd person singular, r, is used alone only in certain

regional dialects.
Examples of the use of the three above forms are as follows:
Myrat ?u wagt atyr=Myrat is sleeping now.
Meni dostum mugallymlar jaynda otyr=My friend is sitting in
the teachers' room.
Ma?ynym mekdebiizi nde dur=My car is in front of your
school.
I n c o m p o u n d s t r u c t u r e s , t h e s e v e r b s ' m e a n i n g s a r e re t a i n e d
only in that they indicate the position of the doer of the action:
Ol okap atyr=He is reading. (while lying down)
Men a iip otyryn=I'm drinking tea. (while seated)
Ol tada to gidip dur=There's a party going on over there.
(in one
place)
Sag-aman i?lp rsiizmi?=Are you (safely) working?
(continuously)
Physical objects capable of continuous action but not movement
such as cars, refrigerators, electricity, and televisions, use dur
in compound structures:
Swet anyp dur=The lights are on.
Holodilnik i?lp dur=The refrigerator is running.
Duhowka anyp dur=The oven is hot (on).

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12.0
12.1:
Selected Suffixes and Prefixes

-y/-i
The suffix -y or -i, according to vowel harmony, functions like ist or -er in English to denote occupation, profession, or
position.
i?
okuw
work
school
i?i
okuwy
worker
pupil
In certain cases where the verbs are made into nouns, the suffix
becomes -jy or -ji:
dilemek
to listen
okamak
to read
asamak
to craft
12.2:
dileji
listener
okajy
reader
asajy
master
-dar
The suffix, -dar can make personal nouns out of other nouns.
unaffected by vowel harmony.
bergi
tarap
12.3:
debt
side
bergidar
tarapdar
It is
debtor
supporter
-ke?
The suffix -ke? personalizes certain nouns indicative of a

particular cistom or habit.
gybat
gossip
nas
chewing tobacco
ilim
cigarette
12.4:
gybatke?
gossipper
naske?
tobacco chewer (habitual)
ilimke?
smoker
-siz/-suz/-syz
The suffixes -siz, -suz, or -syz, according to vowel harmony, mean

without or un-.
tertip
order
howp
danger
jan
spirit
tertipsiz
disorderly
howpsuz
secure
jansyz
inanimate

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12.5:
-lik/-lk/-lyk/-luk
These suffixes function to create abstract nouns, like -hood, ness, or -ity in English.
They adhere to vowel harmony.
gzel
beautiful
kp
much, many
aga
child
dost
friend
gzellik
beauty
kplk
collective
agalyk
childhood
dostluk
friendship
These suffixes can also make nouns and adjectives from numerical
expressions.
b?
five
bir yl
one year
on
thirteen
b?lik
five-Manat note
bir yllyk
a year's worth
on lk
bus #13
These suffixes make nouns and adjectives which show purpose.

gn
day
etmek
to suffice
el
hand
12.6:
gndelik
diary
eterlik
enough
ellik
glove
The prefix bi-
The prefix bi- expresses the idea of without-.

nor is subject to, vowel harmony.
tarap
side
gn
sin
It does not affect,
bitarap
neutral
bign
innocent
The above forms can then combine with the -lik/-lk/-lyk/-luk forms
to form nouns.
bitaraplyk
neutrality
bignlik
innocence
12.7:
-daky/-dki
These suffixes adhere to the rules of vowel harmony and act as

adjective clauses do in English, as in the following examples:
Men ?ol kinodaky gyzy halamok.
I don't like the girl in that film.
Tejendki mugallymlar bizi ygnagymyza gelrler.
The teachers from Tejen are coming to our meeting.
A?gabatdaky rek bizikiden gowy.
The bread in Ashgabat is better than ours.
izdkilere kp salam at!
Say "hi" to those at your house.
10njy "A" klasdaky okuwylary tertibi gowy dl.
The pupils of the 10th "A" class are not well behaved.
Elidkini ayr!
Get rid of what's in your hand!

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Parky iindki gazly suw ?herimizi i gowysy.

The juice in the park is the best in our city.
Mekdebi anyndaky howlyda to bar.
There's a party in the yard next to the school.
Men ?u knekdki akany gowy grrin.
I like the yoke (collar) of this dress.
ten yldaky hasyl bu ylydakydan kpdi.
Last year's harvest was more than this year's.
13.0
Expressing Needs and Desires
Although in Turkmen there is a way to express a wish to do

something that parallels the English use of infinitives, such as
Men a imek islerin (I want to drink tea), a far more common
way to express desires involves a construction unlike any in
English, utilizing the verb gelmek as a helping verb: Meni a
iesim gelr (My-tea-drinking-comes).This would roughly translate
as "I want to drink tea." or "I feel like drinking tea."
The main
verb imek has the personal ending -esim added to the stem, with
gelmek in the 3rd person singular, gelr.
Note the use of
posessive pronouns rather than personal pronouns in the following
charts:
-mak verbs
meni
seni
onu
bizi
sizi
olary
at-asym
at-asy
at-asy
at-asymyz
at-asyyz
at-asy
gelr
gelr
gelr
gelr
gelr
gelr
I'd like to sleep

You'd like to sleep
He'd like to sleep
We'd like to sleep
You'd like to sleep
They'd like to sleep
gelr
gelr
gelr
gelr
gelr
gelr
I'd like to drink

You'd like to drink
He'd like to drink
We'd like to drink
You'd like to drink
They'd like to drink
-mek verbs
meni
seni
onu
bizi
sizi
olary
i-esim
i-esi
i-esi
i-esimiz
i-esiiz
i-esi
The negative is formed by changing the gelr to gelmer or

gelenok:
Meni hi zady iesim gelenok.
I don't feel like eating
anything.
The past tense is also possible, as such:
Meni bir zady bilesim geldi.
I wanted to know something.

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14.0
Indicating Possibility: mmkin
The word mmkin is used to indicate possibility or to ask

permission for an action, using infinitive verbs, such as:
ilim ekmek mmkinmi?
Is it possible to smoke? (May I
smoke?)
Girmek mmkinmi?
May I come in?
Ja etmek mmkinmi?
May I make a call?
Grammatically, it can be used to signify "may" or "might," as
in:
Men ertir sizi mekdebiize gelmegim mmkin.
I might come to your school tomorrow.
Men hat azamagym mmkin.
I might write a leter.
-mak verbs
men
sen
ol
biz
siz
olar
az-amagym
az-amagy
az-amagy
az-amagymyz
az-amagyyz
az-amagy
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
I might write
you might write
he/she might write
we might write
you might write
they might write
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
I might come
you might come
he/she might come
we might come
you might come
they might come
-mek verbs
men
sen
ol
biz
siz
olar
gel-megim
gel-megi
gel-megi
gel-megimiz
gel-megiiz
gel-megi
The negative is formed as such:

Men ertir mekdebiize gelmezligim mmkin.
I might not come to your school tomorrow.
Men hat azmazlygym mmkin.
I might not write a letter.
-mak verbs
men
sen
ol
biz
siz
olar
az-mazlygym
az-mazlygy
az-mazlygy
az-mazlygymyz
az-mazlygyyz
az-mazlygy
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
I might write
you might write
he/she might write
we might write
you might write
they might write
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
mmkin
I might come
you might come
he/she might come
we might come
you might come
-mek verbs
men
sen
ol
biz
siz
gel-mezligim
gel-mezligi
gel-mezligi
gel-mezligimiz
gel-mezligiiz

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olar gel-mezligi
mmkin
they might come

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15.0
-dygy/ digi
Men oa alty-da geljekdigimi atdym.

I told him I would come at 6:00.
Siz maa nme islendigiizi ady.
Tell me what you want.
Ol maa kp zat wrenndigini atdy.
He told me he's learning a lot.
Ol maa seni gelendigii atdy.
She told me that you came (had come).
Kw?i bahasyny ncdigini adyp biljekmi?
Can you tell me how much your shoes cost?
Mugallymy nirededigini bilrsimi?
Do you know where the teacher is?
Men ol gyzy menden ulydygyny bilrin.
I know that girl is taller than I.
Men seni kitaby menikiden gowydygyny bilrin.
I know your book is better than mine.
Biz ?u kitaby szlkdigini bilris.
We know this book is a dictionary.
16.0
Double Verbs
Whereas in English we conjugate all verbs and place "and"

between them when two actions are done at once or at relatively the
same time, Turkmen employs a structure that puts the two verbs
together. The first verb is reduced to its stem and the participial
ending -yp or -ip, according to vowel harmony, is added.
The
ending of the second verb determines the doer of the action
indicated, as below.
Men dn nahar iip atdym.
Yesterday I ate and went to sleep.
Men radio dilp hat azaryn.
I'm listening to the radio and writing a letter.
This form may be used to express an action which has been or
will be completed before the expressed action of the second verb:
Biz iip gelris.
We ate before coming.
(lit. Weeat-come)
Nahar iip okuwa gidi!

Eat before going to school.
Swedi rip gat.
Go turn off the light.
(lit. Food-eat-to-school-go)
(lit. Light-turn off-come back)

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The participlial -ip and -yp endings have negative

counterparts, -mn and -man, also added to the stem of the first
verb
agalar imn okuwa gitdiler.
The children went without eating.
Okuwylar okaman sapaga gelrler.
The pupils come to the lesson without studying.
16.1 Expressing Ability: -p/-yp/-ip bilmek

A modal structure involving bilmek is used to convey the idea
of being able to do something.
Men Trkmene okap bilrin = I can read Turkmen
Ol Rusa azyp bilenok = He can't write Russian
Biz bazara gidip biljek dl = We won't be able to go to the
bazaar
16.2 Doing an Action for Someone: -p/-yp/-ip bermek

A modal structure involving bermek is used to express the
doing of an action for someone:
Men size jay salyp berdim = I built a house for you
?ol gapyny apyp bermesene = Don't close that door
?ol ksni saa alyp bererin = I'll give you that teacup
According to vowel harmony the main verb's stem is followed by
the participial ending -yp or -ip, and bermek appears according to
the doer of the action and the tense.
16.3 Attempted Action: -p/-yp/-ip grmek

A modal structure involving grmek is used to express the idea
o f t r y i n g t o d o s o m e t h i n g , o r t h e i d e a o f d o i n g- a n d - s e e i n g :
Bu nahary datyp gr = Try this food
Men pikir edip grein = Let me think about it (and see)
?ol knegi geip grdi = She tried on that dress
16.4 Anticipated Action: -jak/-jek bolmak

A modal structure involving the future tense and bolmak is
used to indicate the idea of being about to do something:
Sen atjak bolamy? = Are you about to sleep?
Olar saa ja etjek bolarlar = They're about to call you

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Gara?y, men ijek bolaryn

eat
= Wait, I'm going to (about to)

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References
The following works were used in preparing this dictionary:
A. Almammedov, R. Nazarov. English-Turkmen Dictionary. - Magaryph
Publishers. Ashgabad. 1989. 10,000 words from English to Turkmen.
P. Azimova. Turkmenche-Ruscha Okuw Sozlugi. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik".
1988. 9000 words from Turkmen to Russian. Our main reference text.
B. Chariyarova. Bolshoy Russko-Turkmenskiy Slovar. - Moscow "Russkiy
Yazik". 1987. 77,000 entries in two volumes, translations from Russian
to Turkmen.
B. Jumageldieva, G. Sopieva.
Sozlugi. - Ashgabad "Ilham".
listing Russian and Turkmen.
Turkmenche-Ruscha Gysgalzha Tematik

1994. 75 pages of thematic word lists,
B. Meskutova. Ruscha-Turkmenche Okuw Sozlugi. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik".

1982. 5000 words from Russian to Turkmen.
M. Soyegov, N. Rejepov. Taze Turkmen Elipbi. - Ashgabat "Ruh". 1993.
An introduction to the new Turkmen alphabet for Turkmen speakers.
M. Wheeler. The Oxford Russian-English Dictionary. - New York "Oxford
University Press". 1992. 82,000 entries from Russian to English.
The following additional works were used as references in preparing the
brief grammatical appendix:
R. Nepesova, O. Yaslydeva. Let's Speak English.
1992. Beginning English for Turkmen Speakers.
- Ashgabat "Ilim".
Peace Corps Turkmenistan. Turkmen.

based basic Turkmen instruction.
1995. Compentency-
N. Rejepov. Turkmenskiy Yazik.

Turkmen for Russian Speakers.
- Ashgabad.
- Ashgabad "Magarif". 1993.
A. Retman, R. Retman. Let's Learn to Speak English.

Beginning English for Turkmen Speakers.
Beginning
- Ashgabat.
Turkmen Language Project. Turkmen Language Course. - Indiana

University. 1994. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction.
1992.
D. Tyson, L. Clark. Turkmen Language Manual, 2nd Edition. - "U.S.

Peace Corps". 1994. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction.
J. Yagmirov. Turkmen Dilini Owrenyeris.
Beginning Turkmen for Russian Speakers.
- Ashabad "Ilim".
1993.

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copyright 1996 -- do not distribute, re-post, or deep-link without permission

1996 Garret, Lastowka, Naahielua, Pallipamu

This dictionary is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive

It consists of over 10,000

words and definitions and is intended as a general-purpose dictionary.

Its first printing

We hope that it will aid in

communication and mutual understanding between the people of our two

This dictionary was a cooperative effort.

We would like to extend

When a word has various meaning in Turkmen, the multiple meanings

When a two completely different words are spelled alike, their

II. accurate, intact

Where two words are spelled alike, but differentiated by a long

Occasional examples of usage are given to help readers understand

In this case, the illustrated word is followed by a colon, which

is followed by the example, i.e.:

Bu bur dek ajy = This is hot as a pepper

In most cases, part of speech is obvious and ommitted in the

However, when the part of speech is would

otherwise be ambiguous, it is indicated.

For short one

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agaran 1. creamy froth of

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aram-aram sometimes, now

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atgulak 1. wedding gifts 2.

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bezzat little rascal

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birign day after tomorrow

bezigipdirin = I've grown

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hides the matches from the

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alarmak to turn gray

apmak I. 1. to skip, hop,

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aa ekdi = The exam

epiksi scrawny, skin-andbones

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igmek 1. to get tied up,

okmak to peck, pick, bite

plemek to pick up,

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dadanky adj. earlymorning

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de the same, equal :

dil 1. toungue 2. language

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dolamak 1. to wrap, bind 2.

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dul 1. place of respect 2.

dutar dutar, a traditional

drtme grsak blunt

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dplein forever, once

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