CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Beaground
Tense is a method that we use in English to refer to time - past, present and
future. Many languages use tenses to talk about time. Other languages have no tenses,
but of course they can still talk about time, using different methods.
So, we talk about time in English with tenses. But, and this is a very big but:
we can also talk about time without using tenses (for example, going to is a special
construction to talk about the future, it is not a tense)
one tense does not always talk about one time
Here are some of the terms used in discussing verbs and tenses.
Tense is a grammatical category, typically marked on the verb, that
deictically refers to the time of the event or state denoted by the verb in relation to
some other temporal reference point.
Our goal is to learn tenses so that we can write, speak and listen well. and
we can distinguish when and how something terjadi.dengan we can also learn tenses
younger making a paper or thesis with well where in it there is a complete grammar.
The simple present is used to describe an action, an event, or condition that
is occurring in the present, at the moment of speaking or writing. The simple present is
used when the precise beginning or ending of a present action, event, or condition is
unknown or is unimportant to the meaning of the sentence.
The present perfect tense is used to describe action that began in the past
and continues into the present or has just been completed at the moment of utterance.
The present perfect is often used to suggest that a past action still has an effect upon
something happening in the present.
Like the present perfect, the present perfect progressive is used to describe an action,
event, or condition that has begun in the past and continues into the present. The
present perfect progressive, however, is used to stress the on-going nature of that
action, condition, or event.
The simple past is used to describe an action, an event, or condition that
occurred in the past, sometime before the moment of speaking or writing.
The past progressive tense is used to described actions ongoing in the past.
These actions often take place within a specific time frame. While actions referred to
in the present progressive have some connection to the present, actions referred in the
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past progressive have no immediate or obvious connection to the present. The ongoing actions took place and were completed at some point well before the time of
speaking or writing.
The past perfect tense is used to refer to actions that took place and were
completed in the past. The past perfect is often used to emphasise that one action,
event or condition ended before another past action, event, or condition began.
The past perfect progressive is used to indicate that a continuing action in the past
began before another past action began or interrupted the first action.
The simple future is used to refer to actions that will take place after the act of
speaking or writing.
The future progressive tense is used to describe actions ongoing in the
future. The future progressive is used to refer to continuing action that will occur in the
future.
The future perfect is used to refer to an action that will be completed
sometime in the future before another action takes place.
The future perfect progressive tense is used to indicate a continuing action that will be
completed at some specified time in the future. This tense is rarely used.
1.2 Problem Funmulation
1. What is the past tense and division ?
1.3 Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand and apply tensesdalam everyday
conversations or activities that use the language of formal inggrissebagai main
language

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1 General Tenses
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In an English language sentence, we already know that we need tenses,

tenses itself is formed of two basic components that can not be separated, namely, the
time (time), and activities / conditions / events (event). It can be said that the event is a
change in verb, then the conclusion, tenses is a change from the verb because the
effect of time (time) of an event. So, if we want to form a sentence, then automatically
we have to form tenses, because basically these two things can not be separated. And
in forming tenses, then there must be a verb that is affected by the time an event (time
and event should be merged).
Referred time may be now (present), past (past), or the future (future).
While the definition of the event is "what we do (to be activity, event, or condition)",
here we do things, so it is automatically contained a verb. Verbs can change depending
on the time (the verbs used for the present, past, or future), this is called the changes a
verb.
1. Simple Present Tenses
2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
5. Simple Past Tense
6. Past Continuous Tense
7. Past Perfect Tense
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
9. Simple Future Tense
10. Future Continuous Tense
11. Future Perfect Tense
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
13. Past Future Tense
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
2.2 Simple Present Tenses
The simple present is used to describe an action, an event, or condition that
is occurring in the present, at the moment of speaking or writing. The simple present is
used when the precise beginning or ending of a present action, event, or condition is
unknown or is unimportant to the meaning of the sentence.
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used
to talk about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities.
The pattern :

Form
Pettrent
+
Verbal
Subject + Verb 1 + Object
Nominal S + To be ( am, is, are)+ Non
-

Verbal

Verb + O
Subject + DON'T / DOESN'T

+ Verb 1 + Object
Nominal S + To be ( am, is, are)
?

Verbal

+NOT+ Non Verb + O

DO / DOES + Subject + Verb

1 + Object?
Nominal To be (am, is, are ) + S + Non

Example
I speak English everyday
They are teachers in my school.
I don't speak English
They arent teachers in my school
Do you speak English?
Are they teachers in my school ?

Verb + O
Note :
S
I
You

To Be
am
are

They
We
He

is

She
It

2.3 Simple Past Tenses

To express an activity or situation began and ended at a paricular time in the past.
Bentu
k
+

Pettrent
Verbal
S + Verb-2 + O
Nominal S + To Be was/were + Not
Verbal

Verb + O
S + did + not + O

Nominal S + was/were + not + Non

?

Verbal

Verb + O
Did + S + O

Example
I bought a new house yesterday.
She was watching the swimming
contest
I didnt buy a new house
yesterday
She wasnt watching the
swimming contest.
Did I buy a new house
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Nominal Was/were + S + Not Verb +

O

yesterday ?
Was she watching the swimming
contest ?

Note :
S
I

To Be (was/were)

She

was

He
It
You
We

were

They

S
I

V II

You

Went

They
We

Saw

He
She

Spoke

It

2.4 Simple Future Tenses

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to."
Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express
two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first,
but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be
going to" refer to a specific time in the future.
Expressing Simple Future Tense sentence that uses the verb
Form

Pettrent

Example
5

Verbal

Subject + WILL/SHALL + She will go to Paris tomorrow.

Verb 1 + Object
Nominal Subject + WILL / SHALL +
-

Verbal

be + Non Verb + Object

Subject + WILL / SHALL +

NOT + Verb 1 + Object

Nominal Subject + WILL / SHALL +

Verbal

He will be alone tomorrow.

She will not (won't) go to Paris
tomorrow.
He will not (won't) be alone

NOT + be + Non Verb +

tomorrow.

Object
WILL / SHALL + Subject +

Will she go to Paris tomorrow ?

Verb 1 + Object ?
Nominal WILL / SHALL + Subject +

Was the case hard to solve?

be + Non Verb + Object ?

S
I

Shall/Will
Shall

We
They
You
He

Will

She
It
Menggunakan "To Be Going To"
Pola kalimat verbal Simple Future Tense dapat diganti dengan kalimat yang
menggunakan to be + going to untuk menggantikan shall dan will.
Pattrent use "To Be Going To"
+
?

Subject + To be + going to + Verb 1 + Object

Subject + To be + Not + going to + Verb 1 + Object
To be + Subject + going to + Verb 1 + Object ?
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Question Word + To be + Subject + going to + verb 1 +?

Example :
+
?

I am going to read a newspaper tomorrow.

I am not going to read a newspaper tomorrow.
Are you going to read a newspaper tomorrow?
What are you going to read?

Who is going to come here tomorrow?

Adverb to Simple Future Tense use are :

tomorrow morning (besok pagi), tomorrow night (besok malam), next week (minggu
depan), next year (tahun depan) and so on.
2.5 Present Continuous
We use the present continuous tense to talk about the present.
Bentu
k
+

Pettrent

Example

Subject + To be (am/are/is) + We are studying now.

(Verb 1 + ing) + Object

Subject + To be (am/are/is) + We are not (aren't) studying now.

NOT + (Verb + ing) + Object

To be (am/are/is) + Subject

We are studying now.

+ (Verb + ing) + Object ?

S
I
You
They
We
He
She
It

To Be
Am
Are
Is

2.6 Past Continuous

We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time.
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Bent
uk
+
?

Pettrent

Example

S + To be (was/were) + Verb-

She was reading a book

when I come

ing
S + To be (was/were) + not +
Verb-ing

I was not sleeping at seven

To Be (was/were) + S +

oclock yesterday
Were you hiking with your

Verb-ing

friends last week?

To be :
Was use to: I, she, he, it.
Were use to : you, they, we.
2.7 Future Continuous
Is a sentence that shows the events that will be done and is still ongoing at the time will
come
Bentu

Pettrent

k
+

Subject + WILL / SHALL + be +

He will be talking for the business until ten

(Verb + ING) + Object

oclock.

Subject + WILL / SHALL +

You will not be leaving at this time

NOT + be + (Verb + ING) +

Because the car will be taken to repair.

Example

Object
?
WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + Will she be playing tennis tomorrow?
(Verb + ING) + Object ?
Note :
S
I
We
You
They
He
She
It

Shall/Will
Shall

Will

BAB III
CLOSING
3.1 CONCLUTION
Pattrent General Tenses :
1.Present Simple Tense S + V1.
2. Present Continuous Tense S + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing.
3. Present Perfect Tense S + have/has + V3.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + have/has + been + V-ing.
5. Past Simple Tense S + V2.
6. Past Continuous Tense S + was/were + V-ing.
7. Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3.
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had + been + V-ing.
9. Future Simple Tense S + will + V1.
10. Future Continuous Tense S + will + be + V-ing.
11. Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3.
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + will + have + been + V-ing.
13. Past Future Simple Tense S + would + V1.
14. Past Future Continuous Tense S + would + be + V-ing.
15. Past Future Perfect Tense S + would + have + V3.
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + would + have + been + V-ing.

3.2 Advice
Material paper about English grammatical still need to be completed , in which
there are still many shortcomings due to limitations by the author . The subject
teachers concerned and all those who read this paper , in order to provide input so that
the paper can be more useful and easy to understand

REFERENCE
http://WELCOME-TO-MY-BLOGG....=)@itrysyamdiah95blog.com
http://Salty Story Secret Makalah '16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris'.htm
http://Nauli Pos -MAKALAH-TENSES.htm
http://diary.and.science. Makalah.16.Bentuk.Tenses.htm
http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-rumus-past-continuous-tense-fungsi-contoh-kalimat/
http://wongzo.blogspot.com/2012/10/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-beserta-rumus.html.

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