Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about bird sanctuary and wetland ecosystem. For the drain, see Najafgarh drain.
For lake or jheel, see Najafgarh lake.
Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary (proposed) and wetland ecosystem is composed of the
wetland ecosystem and wildlife habitat on several kilometres of the Najafgarh drain or nallah
which passes through rural southwest Delhi in India's capital territory. It includes the portion
draining the depression or basin area that formed the once famous but now completely drained
Najafgarh lake or Najafgarh jheel.
Within the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) this water-way, which is misclassified and
misnamed as a mere drain (Najafgarh drain or nallah) is, in fact, the continuation of Sahibi
River and an elongation of the Najafgarh jheel Lake. It is a tributary to River Yamuna in which it
outfalls here. It becomes a refuge to thousands of migratory waterbirds every winter. The winter
months are the best time to visit it to see many flocks of wintering waterbirds. It is currently
classified as a Protected Forest and Recorded Forest (Notified Forest Areas in Delhi) as "M. P.
Green area Najafgarh Drain (Tagore garden)", "Afforestation M.P.Green Area Najafgarh Drain
(DDA)" and "Chhawla or Najafgarh drain city forest (29.64 Acre)".[1][2][3][4][5]
The wetland ecosystem and wildlife habitat on several kilometres of less polluted Najafgarh
drain in rural Delhi before entering the main city, including the former Najafgarh lake or
Najafgarh jheel area, is very important habitat to migratory waterbirds as well as local wildlife.
It has been earmarked to be declared a bird sanctuary for Delhi. The area came to be recognised
as an important wildlife habitat after a local naturalist studying the area during 1986 to 1989
called attention to it, recommending it to be conserved as a bird sanctuary. After this, the Delhi
wildlife department posted 16 guards in the area to control illegal bird hunters, including
diplomats from various international embassies located in Delhi, India's capital. Delhi
Administration officials were tasked with declaring about 25 km stretch of the drain in rural
Delhi, including where it passes through the core area of the now drained Najafgarh Lake or
jheel, protected under the Wildlife Act after Lt. Governor of Delhi Mr. H.L. Kapur was invited to
the area for touring the site where he also heard accounts of local villagers about the rampant
illegal hunting of waterbirds that went on here every year. The existing staff of the Flood Control
and Irrigation Department, numbering about 40, were also given the additional responsibility of
protecting the wildlife on and around the drain.[6][7][8]
The Najafgarh drain has been much widened over the years to drain all the water which in earlier
decades used to collect in the Nagafgarh lake or Jheel basin. This was supposedly done to
remove the threat of flooding in Delhi,[9][10] and now the drain itself acts as an elongated water
body or lake. It has trees planted on both its embankments and an inspection road running on one
embankment. During the winter months it attracts vast quantities of migratory birds, and
supports local wildlife year-round. Due to the rich wildlife observed in and around the less
polluted stretch of the drain outside of congested populated areas, it has been proposed as a bird
sanctuary for Delhi.[11][12][13]
The Delhi Tourism and Transport Development Corporation has proposed the development of a
bird sanctuary on the Najafgarh Drain. The sanctuary would cover an area of several kilometres
along the Najafgarh drain and has advised to plant a large number of trees[14]on both its
embankments to form a thick forest belt. The Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage
(INTACH)[15] had been appointed as a consultant for the project.[16] INTACH has been doing
macro water harvesting since 1995 and has helped in creating a bird sanctuary on an 11-km
stretch of water body that formed the Najafgarh Nallah (Drain).

The 51 km-long Najafgarh drain starts at Dhansa and joins the Yamuna river near Wazirabad. 30
kilometres of the drain is in rural Delhi. With the help of the Irrigation and Flood Control
Department of the Delhi Government, the drain was de-silted to increase its storage capacity.
Regulators at Kakraula and Dhansa retain the water. Presently the brackish water is improving
with dilution. By retaining the water in the drain, the aquifers and groundwater table have been
recharged and there is more water now for irrigation, enabling farmers 6 kilometres away from
the drain to grow crops. Tube wells in the area have been discharging water copiously and in two
years the water table is up by a meter.[17][18][19]
A July 2003 report by the Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests
of India pointed out:
Bio-Monitoring of Wetlands in Wild Life Habitats of Birds Sanctuaries in India Case
Studies
Wetlands of Najafgarh Drain, Chhawla, Delhi
Delhi Tourism Department, Government of India, had identified this site for Chhawla Water
World and Ecopark development.[20][21] However, recently the site has been protected for
development of Bird Sanctuary. A number of birds have been observed at the upstream location
of Najafgarh drain from Chhawla up to Dhansa regulator. The water level is maintained by the
Irrigation and Flood Control, Dept. of Delhi Government. Chhawla is located on BijwasanNajafgarh Road at about 10 kilometer from Gurgaon NH-8 on Rajokri crossing. Najafgarh drain
receives waste water from Mundella Drain joining upstream of Chhawla at Kanganheri.
Najafgarh drain originates as Dhansa outfall channel from Dhansa regulator located in Dhansa
village in South-West of NCT-Delhi near Gurgaon border. Due to storage of water at Dhansa, the
water body is stagnant at off take point. The catchment area of Dhansa Regulator/Bund obtains
fresh water from drain coming from Jahazgarh Jheel, Sahibi Nadi and Catchment area lying in
Lohat and Mundakhera in Gurgaon. Dhansa outfall channel terminates into Najafgarh Jheel. The
catchment area of Najafgarh Jheel spreads in Delhi-Gurgaon border located 12 km distance
from Jhatikra. Najafgarh Jheel is the largest surface water body in Delhi, spread over in an area
of 6 km. This natural depression obtains fresh water from west of ridge, north of Karnal and from
the catchment area lying in Gurgaon. Najafgarh channel was dug out from the Najafgarh Jheel
during the year 1938 joining to the River Yamuna at downstream of Wazirabad barrage. The
water quality of Najafgarh drain up to Chhawla supports wide range of aquatic fauna and flora
including birds, fishes etc. The water is used for irrigation by direct pumping into adjacent
cultivated lands of wheat, vegetables etc. MCD tube well adjacent to Najafgarh drain is used for
drinking purpose by BSF colonies. Up to Kakraula regulator, Najafgarh drain receives several
outfalls from sewage treatment plant.
Najafgarh Drain is canalized after Bharat Nagar up to confluence to River Yamuna at
Downstream Wazirabad Barrage.
Bio-Monitoring of Wetlands in Wild Life Habitats of Birds Sanctuaries in India Case Studies
Ands, Part-1 Bird sanctuaries, `PARIVESH', July 2003, Central Pollution Control Board,
Ministry of Environment and Forests of India[22]

Contents
[hide]
1Poachers, bird-watchers and bird-counts
2Misclassified, misnamed as a drain: it's a mix of a river and a lake
3Najafgarh drain or nallah
4Najafgarh lake, marsh or jheel

 5Recharging of ground water table and irrigation

6Forested embankments
7Accessibility: drivable road on embankment
8Clogging of water surface with floating overgrowth of water hyacinth
9Fishing
10Farmlands in the Najafgarh lake basin area an important habitat
11Development of major housing colonies in the former Najafgarh lake basin
12Bird strikes: Delhi Airport's civil aviation concerns
13See also
14References
15Further reading
16External links

Poachers, bird-watchers and bird-counts[edit]

Due to a large influx of various species of migratory waterfowl and waterbirds every winter, the
drain has been a popular location for decades for illegal poachers, including diplomats from
various embassies of different countries in Delhi who come to shoot birds annually with
shotguns in their foreign cars with blue diplomatic number plates.
Bird watchers also visit the area now and conduct annual bird-counts.[23]

Misclassified, misnamed as a drain: it's a mix of a river and

a lake[edit]
Within National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) this water-way misclassified, misnamed as a
mere drain (Najafgarh drain or nallah) is, in fact, the continuation of Sahibi River and an
elongation of the Najafgarh jheel Lake. Historically during the 1960s and before, the rain-fed
Sahibi River which originates in Jaipur Distt. of Rajasthan passing through Alwar Distt. in
Rajasthan and Gurgaon Distt. in Haryanaentered U.T. of Delhi near Dhansa and spilled its
overflow in the Najafgarh Jheel (lake) basin creating a seasonal lake, a vast area more than 300sq
km was submerged in some seasons, this water then continued to flow on the other side forming
a tributary and outfalled intoRiver Yamuna. In the following decades this Sahibi River flow
reaching Dhansa regulators was channelised by digging out a wide drain and connecting it
directly to the River Yamuna, this in effect also completely drained off the seasonal Najafgarh
Jheel which used to form here in the past. The drain channel from Dhansa regulators to Keshopur
Bus Depot on Outer Ring Road is wide with thick and high embankments, vast amount of water
is retained in this widened drain by closing the Kakrola regulators under Najafgarh Road to
recharge the local ground watertable hence it acts like an elongated lake as well.[24]

Najafgarh drain or nallah[edit]

Main article: Najafgarh drain
The Najafgarh drain or Najafgarh nallah (nallah in Hindi means drain) is just another name for
the River Sahibi which continues its flow through Delhi where it is channelled due to control
floods, it is a tributary to River Yamuna in which it outfalls here. Within Delhi it is erroneously
called "Najafgarh drain" or "Najafgarh nallah"', it gets this name from the once famous and huge
Najafgarh lake near the town of Najafgarh in southwest Delhi and within urbanised Delhi it is the
Indian capital's most polluted water body due to direct inflow of untreated sewage from

surrounding populated areas. A January 2005 report by the Central Pollution Control Board clubs
this drain with 13 other highly polluted wetlands under category "D" for assessing the water
quality of wetlands in wildlife habitats.[25][26][27][28][29]

Najafgarh lake, marsh or jheel[edit]

Main article: Najafgarh lake
Najafgarh lake, Najafgarh marsh or Najafgarh jheel (Jheel in Hindi means a lake) used to be a
vast lake in the south west of Delhi in India near the town of Najafgarh from which it takes its
name, it was connected to the river Yamuna by a natural shallow nullah or drain called the
Najafgarh nullah. However, after the 1960s the Flood Control Department of Delhi kept
widening the Najafgarh drain in the pretext of saving Delhi from floods and eventually quickly
drained the once huge and ecologically rich Najafgarh lake completely. Rainwater accumulating
in the Najafgarh lake or jheel basin had been recorded to have occupied more than 300 square
kilometres in many years before its unfortunate draining.
However, with recent advances in ecological understanding it has become clear that draining of
this vast lake affected the entire climate of this important region that is India's capital territory
and its neighbourhood. The draining of the lake completely also caused the watertable in the
entire area to go down and the area becoming arid. There have been some plans since to at least
resurrect a much smaller lake in the area. Most of the Najafgarh jheel basin lands have increased
many folds in their value owing to them coming within Delhi, India's capital territory and are
under ownership of farmers who may want to make a fast buck selling them to developers who
want to convert the former lake basin into housing complexes as has already been happening
with major housing colonies coming up in the region. If Najafgarh drain, which was built to
drain the original Najafgarh lake or jheel, ever breaches its wide embankments it will flood these
developed lands owing to them spread all over the former low lying jheel or lake basin.
Pre-draining history: A Vast lake
Before the unfortunate complete draining of this lake in the 1960s by widening of the Najafgarh
drain by the Flood control and irrigation department of Delhi the lake in many years filled up a
depression more than 300 square kilometres in rural delhi, It had an extremely rich wetland
ecosystem forming a refuge for vast quantities of waterbirds and local wildlife. The lake was one
of the last habitats of the famed and endangered Siberian Crane which has all but vanished from
the Indian subcontinent now. Till before independence many British colonial Officers and
dignitaries came in large parties for waterfowl hunting every season.[30][31][32]

Recharging of ground water table and irrigation[edit]

The continuous widening of the Najafgarh drain since the 1960s led to the complete draining of
the once vast and rich Najafgarh lake, jheel or marsh which directly affected the ground water
table in the entire surrounding region as all the rain water after yearly monsoons that used to
collect in the vast lake basin in previous years now ran off swiftly through the widened drain into
river Yamuna in which it outfalls, this has been affecting the entire climate of the region as well
making the region more arid and creating water shortages for the purpose of irrigation or human
consumption for the people of Delhi and surrounding regions.
Currently the drain is so wide and deep that it acts as an elongated lake in its own right and can
hold and store a lot of rain water which can be regulated through regulators built into it at
intervals. Maintaining of proper water-level in the drain and storage of rainwater in it during the
summer months leads to recharging of ground water table[33] which the surrounding farmers find
much helpful as they access the high water table though tube wells dug on their farmlands
though which they pump out water to irrigate their crops, farmers owning farmlands bordering

the drain in rural Delhi directly use pipes and hoses to pump out water from the drain for
irrigation purposes.[34]

Forested embankments[edit]
The Najafgarh drain has been much widened over the past decades and now has thick mud
embankments on both its sides to channel the waters and protect Delhi from floods, these
embankments have been planted with thick forest cover which serve as a much needed habitat
for remnant local wildlife occurring in nearby and surrounding farmlands including common
foxes, jackals, hares, wild cats, nilgai, porcupines and various reptiles and snakes including the
dreaded cobras. Many local birds including waterbirds roost and nest in these trees.
Sections of the forested embankments of Najafgarh drain are currently classified as and are
featured in Protected Forests and Recorded Forests (Notified Forest Areas in Delhi) as "M. P.
Green area Najafgarh Drain (Tagore garden)", "Afforestation M.P.Green Area Najafgarh Drain
(DDA)" and "Chhawla or Najafgarh drain city forest (29.64 Acre)".[35][36][37][38][39]

Accessibility: drivable road on embankment[edit]

There is a well-kept drivable inspection road maintained by Irrigation and Flood Control
Department of Delhi on one of the drains embankment throughout its entire length of several
kilometres running through rural Delhi from Dhansa regulators at the southwest border of Delhi
with the state of Haryana to where the drain crosses under the outer ring road at Keshopur bus
depot near the Najafgarh road between the housing colonies of Vikaspuri and Tilak Nagar in
New Delhi.
Wildlife and waterbirds can be easily viewed from vehicles by driving on this road and stopping
intermittently and going down to the waters edge. As the width of the drain is limited the flocks
of waterfowl and other waterbirds in the drain can be easily observed from the drain's edges and
this same fact makes the birds much more vulnerable to hunting as they remain in easy reach of
the poacher's shotguns and the nets and traps set for them by local villagers and professional
trappers.

Clogging of water surface with floating overgrowth of water

hyacinth[edit]
The water hyacinth, an introduced invasive species of fast growing floating plants completely
clogs the open water surface of the drain in many areas annually and lot of funds and labour is
employed by the flood control department to clear it some what to keep the water flow
uninterrupted. The removing of the water hyacinth by labourers also open ups the water surface
for birds and migratory waterfowl which take refuge here every winter.

Fishing[edit]
The relatively cleaner portion of the drain in rural southwest Delhi before it enters densely
populated and badly polluted area at Vikaspurialso attracts some small scale local village
fishermen, occasionally one can be seen casting his line or net in the waters or floating on a
black inflated truck tire tube spreading his fishing net across the breadth of the drain. A fishing
license is needed to catch fish legally in Delhi waters.

Farmlands in the Najafgarh lake basin area an important

habitat[edit]
Farmland with very little disturbance acts as an important bird habitat in the Najafgarh lake
basin, even fields lying fallow are used by hundreds of congregating demoiselle cranes and

common cranes, pairs of Sarus cranes can be seen in the adjoining farmland along the Najafgarh
drain. Other resident wild bird and animals also inhabit these farmlands including hares, nilgai,
wildcat, common fox, jackal, monitor lizards, various varieties of snakes etc. which also come
for shelter into the forested embankments of the drain and disperse into the neighbouring
farmland for foraging.

Development of major housing colonies in the former

Najafgarh lake basin[edit]
After the complete draining of the lake in the 1960s the former lake basin was converted into
farmland first and by now various large scale housing projects occupy the former lake basin
including Vikaspuri, Uttam Nagar, Pappankalan, and Dwarka. The Delhi airport also borders the
former lake basin.
Land costs have skyrocketed and builders and developers have converged on this area which
falls within Delhi. Land use is changing from farming to housing colony urban development.
However, if the Najafgarh Drain ever breaches its man-made and fortified embankments during
the monsoon season, large swaths of these housing colonies could be flooded.

Bird strikes: Delhi Airport's civil aviation concerns[edit]

Many flocks of migratory waterbirds during winter months have been using the Najafgarh drain
and before that the once famous but now completely drained Najafgarh lake and also the other
village and temporary ponds in the area after the rainy season as a winter refuge since times
immemorial. In recent decades Delhi Airport (Indira Gandhi International Airport including the
Delhi domestic airport) was built and expanded on the border of these lands and wildlife habitat.
There have been concerns that one of the reasons for increasing Bird strikes on the landing and
taking off commercial jets at the Delhi domestic as well as the international Airport could be the
birds being attracted by Najafgarh Drain, sources interviewed by Times News Network in 2009
said: "The airport is facing so many problems only because they have taken up a huge area for
development and displaced the animals and birds from there. The nearby Najafgarh drain could
also be a factor why birds come into this area".[40][41] Due to this reason there may also be some
resistance to grant it the final approval with a Bird Sanctuary status.
In similar cases it has been suggested that carcasses and feathers of birds striking aircraft should
be routinely collected and listed and made available to wildlife officials to ascertain which
species are mainly responsible for bird strikes and if they are waterbirds at all to help find
solution to this problem. Trained meat-eating hunting raptor birds of prey such as falcons, hawks
and eagles are routinely kept on airport premises and flown throughout the day by keepers to
scare bird flocks away from airports, bird activity in the nights could be controlled through other
well researched methods employed by other airports.
However the waterbirds wintering on the Najafgarh drain may not be the ones responsible for air
strikes at all as in 2008, the airfield environment management committee found that several
illegal slaughterhouses near the airport area were attracting birds that were leading to problems
for the aircraft. It was decided that these slaughterhouses should be shut down with immediate
effect and the civic agencies responsible would take appropriate action. Officials highlighted six
critical areas of Dwarka, Indira Market in RK Puram, Sadar Bazar, Mehram Nagar, Dabri More
and Gazipur, where the illegal slaughterhouses were operating. Delhi International Airport (P)
Ltd (DIAL) also adopted several other measures to deal with this problem. It used noise emitting
guns to scare away birds and employed around 120 bird chasers, it also pigeon proofed all
buildings and hangars to prevent the birds from nesting on the premises. Regular garbage
removal and rodent control measures were put into place to discourage the birds.[42][43][44][45][46]

"At IGIA (Indira Gandhi International Airport), several steps have been taken to control the bird
menace, which include positioning of 25 zone guns along the runway, deployment of 50 bird
chasers, installation of reflective tapes, bursting of crackers, scare crow devices on jeeps, regular
grass cutting and pesticide spraying," the Indira Gandhi International Airport management stated.
An Airfield Environment Management Committee (AEMC) headed by the environment
secretary, government of NCTDelhi, also takes up initiatives such as waste management, garbage
removal, curbing slaughter houses and meat shops. "As per international standards, the 'desired
bird strike rate' is 1 per 10,000 aircraft movements and at Delhi it is much below that rate," the
IGIA statement informs.[47][48][49][50][51][52][53]
Birds most commonly involved in Bird strikes are Pariah or Black Kite which is a medium-sized
bird, Red-wattled Lapwing, a small bird usually seen in pairs or small flocks, Cattle Egret,
known as a cosmopolitan type of a heron. Apart from these, pigeons and crows also affect flights,
these birds are not related to the wetland ecosystem of Najafgarh drain but are local to the
immediate vicinity and premises of the Delhi Airport.[54]