Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy in Central America

Regional Lighting Efficiency
Strategy in Central America
Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy in Central America
Table of Contents
Introduction
.................................................................................................................................................. 7
Acronyms
.................................................................................................................................................. 9
Executive Summary........................................................................................................................................... 11
1. Background/Justification................................................................................................................................ 15
1.1. Potential benefits of the transition........................................................................................................... 15
1.2. Current situation of efficient lighting in the region................................................................................ 16
1.3. Goals of the Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy............................................................................... 24
2. Minimum Energy Performance Standards..................................................................................................... 25
2.1. Current situation...................................................................................................................................... 25
2.2. Logical framework.................................................................................................................................. 27
2.3. Detailed process to implement minimum standards in the region.......................................................... 31
2.4. Progress indicators.................................................................................................................................. 36
3. Support Mechanisms and Policies................................................................................................................. 37
3.1. Current situation and legal framework................................................................................................... 37
3.2. Logical Framework................................................................................................................................. 38
3.3. Detailed process to implement priority activities................................................................................... 42
4. Monitoring, verification and enforcement..................................................................................................... 51
4.1. Current situation and existing legal framework...................................................................................... 51
4.2. Logical Framework................................................................................................................................. 52
4.3. Detailed process to implement priority activities in the areas of monitoring, verification and

enforcement............................................................................................................................................. 55

5. Environmental Sound Management............................................................................................................... 61
5.1 Current situation....................................................................................................................................... 61
5.2 Existing legal framework in the countries............................................................................................... 61
5.3 Logical Framework.................................................................................................................................. 63
5.4 Detailed Process to Implement Environmental Sound Management...................................................... 66
5.5 Progress indicators................................................................................................................................... 70
6. Impact Indicators........................................................................................................................................... 71

6.1. Impact indicators for the application of the comprehensive transition strategy to
efficient lighting............................................................................................................................................. 71
6.2. Reducing consumption and demand of residential consumers............................................................... 71
6.3. Reducing electricity bills of subsidized residential consumers as a result of the transition
residenciales como resultado del reemplazo............................................................................................... 72
6.4. Reducing electricity generation and fuel consumption to reduce overall consumption......................... 72
6.5. Savings in fuel purchases through reduced consumption....................................................................... 73
6.6. Reducing financing necessary for new generation capacity by reducing demand in peak hours........... 74
6.7. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) from a reduction in fuel consumption used
for generation.......................................................................................................................................... 74
6.8. Reducing the environmental impact of the small amount of mercury in fluorescent

lighting that has been or will be installed to replace incandescent lighting............................................ 75
7. Financial Framework..................................................................................................................................... 77
7.1. Budget and period................................................................................................................................... 77
7.2. Considerations when constructing cash flows based on savings in fuel purchases................................ 77
7.3. Considerations when constructing cash flows based on savings in subsidies........................................ 78
7.4. Scenario with savings in unused fuel by country.................................................................................... 79
7.5. Scenario with savings in subsidies by country....................................................................................... 80
7.6. Opportunities for Financing.................................................................................................................... 81
7.7. Social Benefits........................................................................................................................................ 82
8. Appendices ................................................................................................................................................ 83
Appendix 1. Regional initiatives.................................................................................................................... 83
Appendix 2. Regional legal framework on lighting efficiency...................................................................... 85
Appendix 3. References to international free trade agreements related to transitions to
Appendix 4. Global MEPS for efficient lighting........................................................................................... 89
Appendix 5. Proposed communications plan for the regional strategy on transitioning to
Appendix 6. Preliminary proposal to be evaluated by experts on sanctions that should be applied
when supervising compliance with approved minimum standards............................................................... 96
Appendix 7. Budget....................................................................................................................................... 98
Appendix 8. Regional scenarios using financial resources.......................................................................... 100
Appendix 9. Scenarios by country, using financial resources...................................................................... 101
Appendix 10. Minutes of meeting of Energy Ministers of Mesoamerica.................................................... 109
Appendix 11. Minutes of approval of the strategy....................................................................................... 114
List of Illustrations
Illustration 1. Electric energy consumption 1970 - 2011, Central America and the Dominican Republic.............. 17
Illustration 2. Types of general lighting installed.................................................................................................... 18
Illustration 3. Label design...................................................................................................................................... 43
Illustration 4. Countries with efficient lighting regulations..................................................................................... 89
List of Tables
Table 1. Principal actions and schedule of forecasted compliance in the implementation of the

proposed strategy..................................................................................................................................... 13
Table 2. Investment requried by the region to implement the strategy.................................................................. 13

Table 3. Financial evaluation from fuel savings by country.................................................................................. 14
Table 4. Financial evaluation from subsidy savings by country............................................................................ 14
Table 5. Benefits of the transition to efficient lighting........................................................................................... 15
Table 6. Installed capacity by type of plant........................................................................................................... 16
Table 7. Regional electricity consumption............................................................................................................. 17
Table 8. General lighting installed in the region.................................................................................................... 18
Table 9. General lighting installed for subsidized consumers............................................................................... 19
Table 10. Environmental legislation for waste in the region................................................................................. 21
Table 11. Obstacles in the region........................................................................................................................... 23
Table 12. Minimum energy performance standards for 18 to 20 W CFL lightbulbs............................................. 25
Table 13. CFL efficiency........................................................................................................................................ 32
Table 14. Power factor and harmonic distortion values......................................................................................... 33
Table 15. Efficiency levels needed for the Mesoamerica Award........................................................................... 44
Table 16. Requirements for small and large collectors.......................................................................................... 67
Introduction
he United Nations Environment

Programme (UNEP) and the Global
Environment Facility (GEF), together
with the private sector, have launched the
en.lighten initiative as the umbrella organization
to promote lighting efficiency around the world.
The main goal of this initiative is to transform
the worlds current lighting market to efficient
lighting by promoting energy efficient and high
performing lighting and eliminating sources of
inefficient lighting.
To develop the regional strategy, UNEP, together
with its regional partners: the Mesoamerica
Project, the Central American Integration
System, the Central American Commission for
Environment and Development and the Mexican
Electric Power Saving Trust Fund, agreed to a
work plan that included four stages: a) planning
and preparing activities; b) launch workshops; c)
developing the regional strategy document; and
d) completion and adoption.
In the first quarter they elaborated a document
that established the baseline of lighting in the
Central American region. This was launched at a
workshop held in February 2013 in San Salvador,

El Salvador. The study presented detailed
information about the current status of lighting
in the region; it included the regions strengths,
which contribute to the transition process to
efficient lighting, as well as opportunities
to resolve the main obstacles that have been
identified in the region.
In particular, one of the main financial obstacles
that was identified was the high cost of Compact
Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) in the local and
regional market when compared to incandescent
lighting. Another obstacle was the lack of tax
incentives or financing mechanisms for energy
efficiency or lighting efficiency initiatives. One
technical obstacle was having no verification
standards for lighting products.
This document presents the Regional Lighting
Efficiency Strategy, which sets forth the
logical steps needed to transition to efficient
lighting systems. This strategy was approved
by the Ministers of Energy of Mesoamerica on
December 6th, 2013, in Panama City, Panama.
Acronyms
CATR
Central American Technical Regulations
CCAD
Central American Commission for Environment and Development
CDEEE
Dominican Corporation of State Electricity Companies
CFE
Federal Electricity Commission (Mexico)
CFL
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
CNE
National Energy Council (El Salvador)
CNEE
National Electricity Commission (Guatemala)
CNFL
Compaa Nacional de Fuerza y Luz (Costa Rica)
COGUANOR
Guatemalan Standards Commission
COMIECO
Central American Council of Ministers for Economic Integration
CONEE
National Energy Efficiency Council (Guatemala)
CU
Customs Union
DSE
Energy Sector Office (Costa Rica)
ECLAC
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
EDMP
Executive Direction of the Mesoamerica Project
EE
Energy Efficiency
ENEE
National Electricity Company (Honduras)
FIDE
Electric Power Saving Trust Fund (Mexico)
GAUREE
Autonomous Generation and Rational Use of Energy Project (Honduras)
GEF
Global Environment Facility
GIZ
German International Cooperation Agency (GIZ in German)
ICE
Costa Rica Electricity Institute
INDE
National Electrification Institute (Guatemala)
MADS
Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (Colombia)
MARN
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (El Salvador)
MEM
Ministry of Energy and Mining (Guatemala)
MINAE
Ministry of Environment and Energy (Costa Rica)
MP
Mesoamerica Project
MSS
Mandatory Salvadoran Standard
NLTC
National Lighting Test Centre of China
OECD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OLADE
Latin American Energy Organization
PALCEE
Energy Efficiency for Central America and the Caribbean Program
PNESER
National Sustainable Electricity and Renewable Energy Program (Nicaragua)
PESAE
El Salvador Saves Energy Program
PRONASE
2009-2012 National Sustainable Energy Program (Mexico)
PROURE
Rational Use, Energy Efficiency and Non-Conventional Energy Sources Program (Colombia)
SICA
Central American Integration System
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
WTO
World Trade Organization
10
Executive Summary
Background
The countries in the region (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and
the Dominican Republic) have undertaken numerous initiatives, programs, regulations, communications
campaigns and other actions to improve energy efficiency, in general, and lighting efficiency, in particular.
Despite these actions to increase lighting efficiency, results have been marginal when compared to existing
savings potential due to a lack of systematic measures being adopted by the countries. Currently, many
regulatory frameworks that are applied in the region are based on voluntary technical standards. Other gaps
have to do with the high price of energy efficient lighting devices in the market and the low levels of verification
and supervision of approved regulations.
The United Nations Environment Programmes (UNEP) en.lighten Initiative
Given the high impact that transition to efficient lighting has on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the
UNEP has implemented the en.lighten initiative worldwide. The purpose of the initiative is to transition
to efficient lighting globally using a toolkit to elaborate and implement projects that include best practices
from projects that have been implemented with the short-term goal of completely eliminating the use of
inefficient lighting worldwide.
Calculations done by en.lighten using information from international organizations and the eight countries
in the region conclude that implementing the first stage of a transition project in the region would result in
the following:
A reduction in electricity generation by 2.576 billion kWh/year.
A reduction in electricity consumption by 4.8% and in energy consumption for lighting by 34.6%.
Demand for electricity during peak hours would be reduced by 360 MW, avoiding investments in new
generation capacity equal to 450 MW.
CO2 emissions would be reduced by 942,000 tons annually, and collection and recycling of efficient
light bulbs with a small amount of mercury would prevent 16.9 kg of mercury from being dumped into the
environment.
A total benefit for the region of $406.5 million annually.
11
Transition to Efficient Lighting Strategy for the Countries in the Region

Using the UNEPs toolkit methodology and with collaboration from the en.lighten initiative and other environmental
institutions, in November 2012 a workshop led by the Mesoamerica Project was held for experts working
in the energy and environment sectors of the eight countries, Mexico and Colombia; El Salvadors National
Clean Production Center; and experts invited by the UNEP to plan for the implementation of a strategy
project to transition to efficient lighting. The workshop also was used to elaborate a proposal for the basic
guidelines that should be established.
A second regional workshop was held in February 2013, and national workshops were held through May 2013 with
the participation of experts from the first regional workshop, plus others (Customs officials, regulatory organizations,
banks, lighting distributors, international cooperation agencies, civil society and others). Participants approved
guidelines that had been developed for the proposed transition strategy. Finally, a technical workshop and closing
workshop were held in October to validate the strategy that is presented here.
Summary of the main actions included in the strategy proposal
1. Establishing minimum standards for efficiency, quality, safety and environmental impact that all lighting
devices must comply with in order to be imported and sold in the countries in the region. These standards
must be the same for all countries and have an implementation plan with a timeframe that is the same for
the entire region.
2. The implementation of policies and support mechanisms that help put the transition project into practice
smoothly, including:
Establishing a labeling system for lighting devices that helps consumers easily understand the devices
features.
A label awarded to lighting devices with the greatest efficiency and quality in the market.
Tax breaks for companies that reduce the price of their devices.
A program to replace incandescent light bulbs with efficient lighting for low-income families by paying for
the cost of turning in their incandescent light bulbs.
3. A monitoring, verification and enforcement system to certify lighting devices and compliance requirements,
a verification system that shows how devices have complied with requirements and a enforcement system
to apply sanctions to those who have not complied.
4. Implementation of a system to collect and recycle lighting devices at the end of their life to avoid contamination
of small amounts of mercury into the environment.
5. Approval of the mandatory Central American Technical Regulations for Lighting for the eight countries
in the region that states all mandatory standards that have been established to comply with the applied
transition strategy.
12
Table 1. Principal actions and schedule of forecasted compliance in the

implementation of the proposed strategy.
Principal Actions
Approve proposed Transition to Efficient Lighting Strategy
Approve Central American Technical Regulations for Lighting
and all chapters
Begin communications campaign and training for all actors
related to the approved strategy
Finalize process to organize, concede, purchase and begin
receiving lighting devices that are necessary for the transition
process for low-income families
Begin process to certify lighting devices that could be sold in
the region
Begin implementing program to replace lighting devices and
collect replaced devices
Finalize replacement program
Date of Compliance
December 2013
December 2014
January 2015
June 2015
June 2015
July 2016
June 2016
Prohibit the import of any non-certified devices
January 2017
Begin to apply monitoring and enforcement systems
January 2017
Prohibit the sale of any non-approved devices
January 2018
Begin implementing the system to collect devices with mercury

for recycling
January 2018
Table 2. Investment required by the region to implement the strategy

Component*
Amount (US$)
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
1. Awareness campaign
1,756,800
1,756,800
1,756,800
2. Training
328,000
3. Technical assistance
540,000
4. Implementation of replacement
17,481,366
programs
Total investment
20,106,166
1,756,800
1,756,800
*The amount assigned to each component over the three years corresponds to funds from international cooperation agencies and each country in the region.
Indicators of the real impact that will be obtained from implementing the Transition to Efficient Lighting
Strategy in the region
Reduction in energy generation by 3.09 billion kWh/year and in fuel consumption for that generation by
679,747 tons, equal to $530 million at nominal rates.
13
Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy
Reduction in CO2 emissions by 1,956,499 tons/year.

Avoid $660 million of investments in new generation capacity.
Eliminate the current environmental impact of 1.38 tons of mercury in lighting devices that are currently
installed and avoid the impact of 0.14 tons of new devices that will be installed.
Results of a financial evaluation from fuel savings
Table 3. Financial evaluation from fuel savings by country
Country
NPV
US$1,078,339
IRR
69%
Payback
2.96 years
Costa Rica
US$230,229,179
909%
1.02 years
El Salvador
US$233,479,353
685%
1.04 years
Guatemala
US$272,688,009
557%
1.05 years
Honduras
US$2,264,295
63%
2.06 years
Nicaragua
US$121,036,849
638%
1.05 years
US$33,277,407
263%
1.25 years
Belize
Panam
Results of a financial evaluation from subsidy savings

Table 4. Financial evaluation from subsidy savings by country
Country
Belize*
14
NPV
US$168,791
IRR
202%
Payback
1.69 years
El Salvador
US$27,976,287
249%
1.22 years
Guatemala
US$66,802,746
303%
1.15 years
Honduras
US$10,593,270
209%
1.37 years
Nicaragua
US$15,057,122
230%
1.29 years
Panam
US$15,135,403
190%
1.38 years
Dominican Republic
US$12,862,067
124%
1.83 years
1. Background/Justification
1.1. Potential benefits of the transition
The transition to efficient lighting in the region will bring potential environmental, social and economic benefits.
According to estimates from national assessments conducted for each country in the region by en.lighten, the
environmental and energy benefits of the transition will equal a total of 942.7 kt of CO2 not being released
into the atmosphere with the implementation of efficient lighting in the countries, in addition to 16.9 kg of
mercury savings. On average, all countries will decrease their national electricity consumption by 5% of total
consumption with the transition. These savings will result from a decrease in energy consumption for lighting
by 34%, on average, per country. These numbers represent energy savings of 2,576 GWh/year of electricity
consumption for the region, or $406.5 million. At the same time, the savings in generated power will equal 360
MW, or 18 small generators (20MW).
Table 5 shows the benefits of the transition for each country in the region except Belize because the countrys
results were not calculated during the lighting evaluation process.
Table 5. Benefits of the transition to efficient lighting
Country
Savings
in
Energy
millions
savings
of US$/ GWh/year
year
Power
savings
MW
Percent
Percent
savings in Environmental Environmental
savings in
national
benefits
benefits
national
electricity
kt of
kg of mercury
electricity
consumption
CO2
consumption
for lighting
Costa Rica
58.9
453.9
60
5.20%
34.60%
28.4
0.3
El Salvador
30.2
260.7
40
4.70%
34.50%
71.7
0.2
Guatemala
120.5
529.9
80
6.40%
34.10%
196.5
5.3
Honduras
23.0
195.1
20
3.60%
27.30%
72.7
0.5
Nicaragua
27.2
144.4
20
5.30%
33.40%
73.1
0.2
Panam
Dominican
Republic
Total
53.4
311.4
40
5.00%
34.60%
93.7
0.2
93.3
680.4
100
4.80%
34.60%
406.6
10.2
406.5
2575.8
360
942.1
16.9
Source: en.lighten country lighting assessments.
15
1.2. Current situation of efficient lighting in the region

1.2.1. Electric energy in the region
Upon analyzing electricity generation by source, it is observed that in 2012 the hydroelectric plants in
Central America and the Dominican Republic generated the most energy, followed by thermal energy,
geothermal, solar and wind. Nuclear energy is not generated in the region, as shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Installed capacity by type of plant

Country
Belize
Hydroelectric
power
MW
Installed capacity by type of plant (MW)

Total
Hydro Thermal Nuclear Others1
900
53
91
144
Costa Rica2
6,474
1,700
613
410
2,723
El Salvador
2,165
472
871
204
1,547
Guatemala
5,000
891
1,570
42
2,510
Honduras
5,000
531
1,089
102
1,721
Nicaragua
2,000
105
852
150
1,108
Panam
3,282
1,468
953
0.0
2,124
Dominican Republic
2,095
600
2,318
85
3,003
Source: Economic Energy Information System, OLADE, November 2012, corrected by Ministry representatives in 2013
Elaborated by: CNPML technical team
Table 6 shows the predominance of hydroelectric power in 2012. It is important to note the diversity of sources
used to generate electricity. Even though biomass waste and wood have been used for years to generate energy,
they have only recently been included in the analysis and are now becoming more important.
The regions historic consumption has increased drastically in recent years, especially since the 90s in the
Dominican Republic, Costa Rica and Guatemala due mostly to electricity consumption.
_______________
1
Others: Geothermal + solar + wind
2
Updated through December 2012
16
Illustration 1. Electric energy consumption 1970 - 2011, Central America and

the Dominican Republic
Consumo
de energa
elctrica
Consumption
of electric
power
50,000.0
45,000.0
40,000.0
35,000.0
GWh
30,000.0
25,000.0
20,000.0
15,000.0
10,000.0
5,000.0
0.0
1970
Costa Rica
1975
Belice
Belize
1980
Guatemala
1985
1990
1995
El Salvador
Honduras
Nicaragua
2000
Panam
Panama
2005
2010
Repblica
Dominicana
Dominican Republic
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Note: Belize only has records available since 2001
According to OLADE in an analysis of consumption by country in Central America and the Dominican
Republic in 2011, 12.98 TWh are consumed by the Dominican Republic, followed by 8.6 TWh by Costa Rica;
Belize and Nicaragua are the countries that consume the least amount of electricity in the region.
Table 7. Regional electricity consumption
Country
Consumption in TWh
Belize
0.56
Costa Rica
8.6
El Salvador
5.9
Guatemala
8.49
Honduras
6.94
Nicaragua
3.75
Panam
7.17
Dominican Republic
12.98
Source: Economic Energy Information System, OLADE, November 2012, Version 22

17
1.2.2. Lighting and electricity consumption in the region

a) Estimated at the level of general lighting in the region
Table 8. General installed lighting in the region
County
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panam
Dominican Republic
Total in the region
Incandescent
0.05
6.50
6.65
7.76
0.10
2.99
1.01
8.59
33.64
CFL
N.D.
10.69
17.63
17.35
9.14
3.98
5.67
49.09
113.52
Other Fluorescents
0.30
4.18
4.24
3.39
3.05
2.19
9.40
4.31
31.07
Total Installed
0.35
21.37
28.52
28.50
12.29
9.16
16.08
61.99
178.23
Unit of measure = millions of units
63.7% of general lighting in the region are compact fluorescent; 18.9% are incandescent.
Countries that have made massive changes from incandescent (Panama, the Dominican Republic and Honduras)
have a particularly high level of use of CFL within the total of general lighting used, but the lack of sustainability
plans means that incandescent lights are becoming more present.
El Salvador and Guatemala have high levels of use of CFL over incandescent.
In the region there are still 33.64 million incandescent lights installed, which consume five times more energy than
their equivalent CFL
b) Analysis of the specific type of general lighting used with respect to the total installed
Illustration 2. Types of general lighting installed
Incandescents
19%
Other Fluorescents
17%
18
CFL
64%
19
Range of
Clients
consumption
with
kWh
subsidized
rates
0 60
6,789
0 200
336,505
0 99
966,060
100 199
343,149
0 50
1,076,502
51 100
692,037
101 300
640,774
0 150
524,168
0 25
26 -50
700,051
51 100
101 150
0 100
252,729
101 200
279,240
0 200
511,854
201 300
6,329,858
5
30,073,976
2,559,270
1,010,916
1,116,960
2,800,204
27,156
1,346,020
4,830,300
1,715,745
5,382,510
3,460,185
3,203,870
2,550,000
Total lights
used by
clients
4
4
Lights per
client
80%
50%
25%
20%
20%
20%
50%
50%
% incandescent
lights per client
8,740,683
2,047,416
505,458
558,480
700,051
13,578
673,010
966,060
343,149
1,076,502
692,037
640,774
524,168
Total
incandescent
lights
Source of information: Ministerio de Energa, Ciencia y Tecnologa in Belize, 2013.

Costa Rica does not have a rate subsidized by the Government. For this study, clients who consumed less than 200 kWh were used as low-income. Source of information: Instituto
Costarricense de Electricidd and Energy Sector Office, 2013.
5
Source: Consejo Nacional de Energa, 2013
6
Source: website of Comisin Nacional de Energa Elctrica, 2013
7
Source: website of Empresa Nacional de Energa Elctrica, 2013
8
Source: Ministerio de Energa y Minas, Instituto Nicaragense de Energa, 2013
9
Source: Autoridad Nacional de Servicios Pblicos, Secretaria Nacional de Energa, 2013
10
Source: Comisin Nacional de Energa, Superintendencia de Electricidad, 2013
TOTAL
Dominican Republic 10
Panama9
Honduras7
Nicaragua8
Guatemala6
Belize3
Costa Rica4
El Salvador5
Country
Table 9. General lighting installed for subsidized users
c) Analysis of general lighting used by residential consumers that pay for the service with a subsidy
1.2.3. Initiatives in the region to transition to efficient lighting

Several initiatives have been undertaken in the region to transition to efficient lighting, including national or
pilot programs to hand out free CFL to substitute incandescent light bulbs for residential use, regulations that
prohibit incandescent lighting that have been approved or are under consideration, the approval of technical
standards that provide incentives for lighting efficiency, actions to label products and the EnergICE label in
Costa Rica to delineate CFL efficiency and quality and agreements with international cooperation agencies for
lighting efficiency initiatives, among others. Appendix 1 presents greater detail about initiatives in the region
by country.
1.2.4. Legal framework for efficient lighting
Several countries in the region, in addition to lighting efficiency initiatives, have begun to create a legal
framework to ensure the continuity and sustainability of lighting and energy efficiency. However, there is still
work left to be done to implement these frameworks since most countries have laws and regulations, but few
have implementation mechanisms. The following lists include the main regulations found in each country.
Belize: There are no approved regulations, nor any in process. In 2011 the Government of Belize published
a proposal for a national energy policy that included priority areas of ensuring supply, protecting the
environment and competitiveness and energy efficiency.
Costa Rica: This country has a Regulatory on Rational Energy Use Act (Law. No. 7447) with regulations
for practically every type of fluorescent light and accessories (CATR 376:2000 year 2000). In addition,
it has three technical standards regulating energy efficiency for CFL and circline light bulbs (INTE 2801-07-2008 year 2008), another for labeling (INTE 28-01-08-2008 year 2011) and a third about testing
methodologies for the first two (INTE 28-01-09-2008 year 2009).
El Salvador: This country has standards on efficiency and performance for FL tubes (MSS: 29.39.01:04
year 2004) and CFL (MSS 29.47.01:09 year 2009). In addition, it has a regulation on testing methodologies
to determine electrical measurements and photometrics of CFL and circline light bulbs, requirements for
energy performance and labeling (NSR 25.47.05:09 year 2010).
Guatemala: This country has a regulation on energy efficiency for self-ballasted CFL light bulbs in
the process of being approved (COGUANOR NTG 20003) and has approved a testing methodology to
determine electrical measurements and photometrics of CFL and circline light bulbs (COGUANOR NTG
21015). The country also has a voluntary labeling system.
Honduras: This country has a technical standard for energy efficiency of self-ballasted CFL, requirements
and labeling (OHN 9:2011 and OHN 10:2011 year 2011) and a law that prohibits the import and sale of
incandescent light bulbs and substitution for CFL (Decree 112-2007).
Nicaragua: This country has two technical standards for self-ballasted CFL one for energy efficiency
(NTON 10 008 08 year 2008) and the other for classification and labeling (NTON 10 009 08 year
2008).
20
Panama: This country has Law No. 69 (October 12, 2012), which establishes a national policy for energy
efficiency. They are in the process of approving regulations needed for implementation of the Law.
Dominican Republic: This country is contemplating the Energy Efficiency and Resource Savings Act. It
has two technical standards approved for CFL: one on efficiency (NORDOM 29 003 02) and another
for labeling (NORDOM 29 003 03).
For more information see Appendix 2, which presents a summary of the regions legislation.
In addition to establishing a legal framework to promote and sustain energy efficiency, most countries
have environmental legislation for the appropriate use and disposal of waste products. The following
Table presents legislation that regulates waste in each country
.
Table 10. Environmental legislation for waste in the region
Country
Belize
Type
Standard
Name
Standard for hazardous waste, 2009.
Costa Rica
Law
Regulation
El Salvador
Regulation
Guatemala
Law
Comprehensive Waste Management Act, N 8839.

Regulation for Comprehensive Electronic Waste Management, N
35933-S.
Special Regulation on Hazardous Substances, By-products and Waste,
Decree 41 DO 107 T- 347, year 2000.
Waste and Special Solid Waste Management Act and Policy.
Honduras
Regulation
Solid Waste Management, 378-2001.
Nicaragua
Standard
Panama
Law
NTON 05-014-02 Environmental technical standard for the

management, treatment and final disposal of non-hazardous solid
waste, NTON 05-0015-02, environmental technical standard for the
management and elimination of hazardous solid waste and NTON
05-013-01 environmental technical standard for the environmental
control of landfills for non-hazardous solid waste.
General Solid Waste Act, 2013.
Dominican
Republic
Standard
Hazardous and Non-hazardous Waste Management, Treatment and

Disposal.
Elaborated by: CNPML team
As indicated above, environmental legislation on waste lacks specific regulations or standards for CFL
waste. However, all countries have undersigned the Basel Convention controlling the transboundary
movement of hazardous waste and their disposal and also have participated in the process to undersign
the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Despite this fact, every country needs to work on creating and
establishing regulations and standards for the proper disposal and management of efficient lighting devices
at the end of their service life.
21
1.2.5. Free trade agreements

In many cases free trade agreements are conditioned to countries improving best practices in environmental
management, clean production, emissions reductions and energy efficiency. Conditions must be established
by pertinent national policies and standards. Countries that have made efforts to transition to efficient lighting
can demonstrate that they have taken actions to improve their environmental conditions. Central American
countries that have free trade agreements with the European Union, the United States, Mexico and others have
advantages over those that have made no progress on improving national environmental quality.
Prohibition mechanisms or the appropriately called mechanisms to transition to efficient lighting exist
because of international trade agreements. For example, the World Trade Organizations Agreement on
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT 11) responds to non-tariff barriers and technical requirements that products
must comply with and their respective evaluation procedures. All member countries of the WTO (including
Central America) have the right to elaborate technical requirements (e.g. minimum standards and labeling for
lighting) and procedures to evaluate product quality (e.g. MVE) as long as they do not create unnecessary
barriers to international trade. Technical requirements and procedures must be framed within what the WTO
called legitimate objectives, such as harmonization and transparency, among others.
With respect to harmonization, it is important to note that the TBT obligates WTO members to base their technical
regulations, standards and evaluation procedures on international standards, directives and recommendations if
available, except when countries believe they are inappropriate or inefficient. The idea behind harmonization
is to avoid unnecessary duplications of technical regulations and evaluation procedures and to try to promote
the use of international standards. Therefore, the harmonization of standards and labeling that Central America
is attempting to do responds more to the free trade agreements, since they will facilitate the import/export of
efficient devices with trade partners.
Internationally, the European Union demands and supports that other countries approve new measures or
reinforce existing ones to reduce greenhouse gases.12 Therefore, any action taken to reduce emissions in Central
America, including through transitions to efficient lighting, will be supported by the EU. Instead of being an
obstacle to signing free trade agreements with the region, this transition will be a point in the regions favor.
Appendix 3 references other free trade agreements around the world.
1.2.6. Current support mechanisms
The region has experienced a good number of initiatives and support mechanisms to promote energy
efficiency. Based on a report of the current situation of lighting efficiency in the region, all countries, with
the exception of Belize, report having national programs to encourage energy efficiency. All have received
support from international cooperation agencies, such as GIZ (Germany), USAID (United States Agency for
International Development) and OLADE (Latin American Energy Organization), among others, for energy
efficiency projects, including lighting efficiency. Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic have proposals for
laws to provide tax breaks for efficient lighting devices. In addition, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua are
working on energy efficiency policies. Beyond these efforts, one must also consider the initiatives mentioned
above in section 1.2.2.
______________________
11
More information can be found at: http://www.wto.org/spanish/docs_s/legal_s/17-tbt.pdf
12
More information on mitigating climate change can be found at: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/publications/docs/supporting_a_climate_for_
change_en.pdf
22
Costa Rica has an energy efficiency laboratory owned by the ICE Corporation (Instituto Costarricense de
Electricidad), which provides services for electrical measurements, photometrics, chromatic measurements
and performance of lighting devices. ICE has an accredited testing methodology to evaluate self-ballasted
CFL (IESNA LM-66-00) and electrical features (INTE 28-01-09-08) (current, real power, lm/W efficiency,
total harmonic distortion of the current and power factor), photometric characteristics (initial flow, color
temperature, chromatic coordinates and color rendering index) and maturation evaluations.
1.2.7. Identified barriers
The transition to efficient lighting in the region could face several types of obstacles, including: financial,
market, regulatory, institutional, informational and awareness and environmental barriers. Table 11 presents
obstacles found in the transition in the region.
Table 11. Obstacles in the region
Financial obstacles
Obstacles in the region

- High costs of CFL and LED lights in the local and regional market when
compared to incandescent lights.
- Not all countries have tax incentives or financing mechanisms for energy or
lighting efficiency
Market obstacles
- Inhabitants lack a culture of conserving resources in the region, including energy

efficiency.
- Little competition or diversification of products in the market.
- Not all countries have an enforcement or monitoring system for lighting products
in the market. Of those that do have a system, not all have proactive institutions.
- There is no lighting production in the region.
Regulatory and
institutional
obstacles
Technical obstacles
- In the case of the Dominican Republic, there are local factories producing
incandescent lighting that will have to change their technologies.
- Not all countries have policies, legislation, regulations or standards for energy
efficiency.
- Countries that have technical policies, legislation, regulations or standards for
energy efficiency have not standardized them across borders.
- No country in the region has a label for energy efficiency, except Costa Rica,
which has the EnergICE for different types and brands of CFL.
- Most countries, except Belize, Honduras and the Dominican Republic have
Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS). However, every country,
except Costa Rica, lacks a system to verify the standards.
- Institutions that verify those standards do not have technical expertise to verify
lighting products properly, such as accredited laboratories or trained personnel.
23
Informational and
awareness obstacles
Environmental
obstacles
Obstacles in the region

- Little programming and dissemination of the benefits of efficient lighting.
- Lack of financial resources to promote efficient lighting.
- No inventory of light bulbs in the region.
- No treatment plants for light bulb waste, and specifically, mercury waste.
- Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic have
legislation and regulations for hazardous and special waste management, but
implementation has been inconsistent.
- No country has appropriate final disposal practices for light bulbs, since most
end up in landfills and open dumps.
Source: Situacin actual de iluminacin eficiente en Centroamrica, Mesoamerica Project. 2013.
1.3. Goals of the Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy

The purpose of the en.lighten initiative is to transform the current global lighting market to one of lighting
efficiency by promoting efficient and high-performing lighting technologies and eliminating sources of
24
2. Minimum Energy
Performance Standards
2.1. Current situation
The countries in the region have established some minimum standards that can be found in their regulations. The
following Table presents a sample of minimum standards established by three countries that have regulations
for 18 to 20W CFL. For other powers and models (with a cover, reflector, etc.) there are no standards in the
current regulations. Honduras does prohibit the import and sale of incandescent lighting in its regulatory
framework.
Table 12. Minimum energy performance standards for 18 to 20 W CFL light bulbs
Costa Rica
(INTE 2801)
El Salvador
(MSS 2947)
Nicaragua
(NTON 10 008)
Efficacy.
52 lm/W
52 lm/W
52 lm/W
Lifetime.
10,000 h
N/A
6,000 h
N/A
N/A
90% de nominal (100

h), 80% (2000 h)
N/A
N/A
N/A
Power factor.
0.5
0.5
0.5
Maximum mercury
content in the bulb.
N/A
N/A
N/A
Specification
Continuity of light flow

over the service life.
Color rendering index
(CRI).
N/A: Does not apply to this parameter in the standard
25
2.1.1. Legal frameworks in the countries

Most countries have voluntary standards that include minimum energy performance standards as mentioned in
section 2.1. For more information on existing legal frameworks, see Appendix 2.
2.1.2. International context for lighting standards
During the last two decades, several countries have adopted policies to improve product energy efficiency. One
of the most common policies relates to minimum energy performance standards.
Several evaluations have been done around the world that conclude that MEPS have produced substantial
benefits at a low cost, which has led many countries, including most developed countries, to pass regulations
about minimum standards. Other countries have passed legislation and are already implementing it.
Appendix 4 shows a map that highlights countries in red that have established minimum standards or are
implementing those standards. The Appendix also has a summary of the main implementation actions taken
by those countries.
.
26
27
Expected Results
That the minimum standards
established for general
lighting devices guarantee a
reduction in electricity
consumption and associated
CO2 emissions and that the
standards, conditions for
application and period of
validity be defined so that the
market has continuous
supply.
Objective [in priority order]
Approve minimum standards to

be established in countries in the
region
2.2. Logical framework
2.3.1. Review and study

standards and experiences
in the area and other
relevant background
information.
2.3.2. Propose minimum
efficiency, quality, safety
and environmental impact
standards.
2.3.3. Develop a proposal
to apply and update
minimum standards and
their periods of validity.
2.3.4. Propose
implementation schedule
for proposed minimum
standards.
2.3.5. Approve proposal to
apply and update minimum
standards and their periods
of validity, as well as the
implementation schedule.
Priority Activities
October 2013
October 2013
October 2013
December 2013
Consulting team/
EDMP
Consulting team/
EDMP
Council of
Ministers of
Energy
October 2013
Timeframe
Consulting team/
EDMP
Responsible
Party
Consulting team/
EDMP
28
Expected Results
The approval in 2014 of the
Central American Technical
Regulations (CATR) chapter
establishing minimum
standards, with their
application regulations and
periodic updating, so that in
July 2015 countries can begin
the compliance process for
lighting devices. In January
2017 non-certified lighting
devices will not be allowed
for import, and in January
2018 all devices sold in the
region will be certified in
compliance with the
minimum standards.
Approve Central American

Technical Regulations (CATR)
for Lighting that establish
minimum standards for 2014,
spread awareness, train actors
directly involved in their
application and incorporate the
CATR into the regions
regulatory frameworks to
guarantee that all lighting
devices sold in the region
beginning in January 2018
comply with the approved
minimum standards.
2.3.7. Elaborate a testing

methodology proposal to
verify compliance with the
minimum standards and the
chapter on minimum
standards in the CATR on
Lighting in consultation
with national actors to
reach consensus in the
region and be able to share
that consensus in the next
round of meetings with the
2.3.6. Elaborate and

present an expression of
interest to create the CATR
for efficient lighting with a
justification and
foundational argument so
that they are applied and
complied with by all
countries in the region and
included in the Action Plan
for the Customs Union and
the Customs Offices in
Belize and the Dominican
Republic.
Priority Activities
Mesoamerica
Project, Lighting
Laboratory in
Costa Rica,
National
Regulatory
Committees and
energy authorities
in the countries in
the region.
Responsible
Party
EDMP
January - August
2014
January 2014
Timeframe
29
Expected Results
CU and Customs Offices
of Belize and the
Dominican Republic to
incorporate their
considerations, receive
their support and present
the regulations for approval
by COMIECO.
2.3.8. Approve the chapter
of the CATR that
establishes minimum
standards and everything
related to their application,
periods of validity and
updating and other factors
guaranteeing their
complete implementation.
2.3.9. Develop a plan to
communicate the approved
regulations and a training
program on them for all
direct actors (producers,
laboratories, Customs
officials, regulators,
retailers, etc.) and develop
a plan to adjust national
regulatory frameworks.
2.3.10. Develop the
process to certify lighting
Priority Activities
December 2014
January - June
2015
July 2015
December 2016
National energy
authorities and
national technical
regulatory
agencies.
Accredited
laboratories
Timeframe
COMIECO
Responsible
Party
Expected Results
Responsible
Party
devices complying with the approved by the
approved minimum
CATR and retail
standards.
companies in the
countries in the
region.
2.3.11. Establish that
National energy
beginning in January 2017 and economy
all imported lighting
authorities.
devices must be certified,
and beginning in January
2018, all lighting devices
sold in the region be
certified in compliance
with the approved
minimum standards.
Priority Activities
30
January 2017 January 2018
Timeframe
2.3. Detailed process to implement minimum standards in the region

2.3.1. Basis for the proposal
a) Study on minimum standards established in different countries around the world, and in particular, those
approved in Mexico, Colombia, Cuba, COPAM regulation for CFL, the United States and Ecuador.
b) Compare results from verification studies on lighting devices from three countries in the region
submitted by laboratories in Beijing and Costa Rica.
c) Results from verification studies done by the laboratory in Costa Rica on lighting devices from different
suppliers in the region between 2012 and the present.
d) Recommendations collected on the topic presented in the transition plan to efficient lighting done by
UNEP/en.lighten.
e) Studying projects developed to transition to efficient lighting in Cuba, Australia, Argentina
and Ecuador. Analysis of transitions in Latin America that have not been sustainable and
the reasons. Consideration of criteria and opinions from different manufacturers of efficient
lighting devices
2.3.2. Proposed minimum standards for efficiency, quality, safety and environmental impact in the
region
General terms of the proposal
a) Minimum standards are established for all general interior lighting devices for bedrooms, living rooms,
offices and retail stores, excluding those standards referring to environmental impacts that limit the
amount of mercury in the light and that only apply to CFL.
b) Lighting devices of any power and voltage between 12 and 277 volts, with frequencies of 50-60 hertz
and any type of lamp and any color temperature that are manufactured, assembled, imported or sold in
the countries in the region must comply with these standards.
c) Lamps that incorporate control accessories within the body of the lamp, such as photocells, motion
sensors, radio controls or dimmers, CFL with reflectors and modular CFL are excluded from
compliance given their specialized use, their limited use in the region and because those controls
limit their lighting efficiency and other technologies achieve very high efficiency
Proposed minimum standards
a) The minimum values for efficiency, quality, safety and environmental impacts that general lighting
devices must register, except for the abovementioned exceptions, in order to be manufactured or
assembled, imported and/or sold in the countries in the region are the following:
31
I. Efficiency
Table 13. CFL efficiency
Power range
Lighting efficiency (lumens/watts)
(Watts)
7 or less
Uncovered
Covered
45
36
Greater than 7 to 11
50
41
54
46
57
49
60
52
Greater than 23
62
55
Average lighting efficiency levels in samples of lighting devices in process of verification must be
equal to or greater than the established minimum standards, and each device in the sample must
meet at least 90% of the standard in order to comply.
When establishing the standards, verifications done in laboratories in Costa Rica and China on
lighting devices that are currently sold in the market were considered, while still paying attention
to needs in the market to have sufficient supply and not increase prices.
We have considered the minimum energy performance standards that must be met for any lamp
technology employed for general lighting use, but the Central American Technical Regulations
consider some technologies, such as LED, as additional requirements so that the values of some
parameters (like minimum efficiency and lifetime) need to surpass those general minimum
standards.
These minimum standard regulations will include mechanisms for exceptions to authorize
limited and strictly necessary imports of devices that do not comply with the minimum
standards but are necessary for specific use in which efficient lighting cannot be used (interior
lights for refrigerators and ovens, applications in which the color light index must be 100%,
etc.).
II. Quality
The minimum lifetime will be 6,000 hours. During the samples certification process, a device
may only stop working after 1,000 hours, and during the verification process for lot samples
introduced in the region, less than 10% of total devices in the sample can stop working.
Power factor and maximum harmonic current distortion.
32
Table 14. Power factor and harmonic distortion values

Power
27 Watts or less
Greater than 27 Watts
Power Factor
0.55
0.85
Harmonic Distortion
125 %
33 %
The power factor and harmonic distortion values are what the sample of lighting devices registers
on average. Each individual device has a range of +/- 10% of the established value.
Light flow for 1,000 hours: 88% of the sample registered 100 hours.
Color rendition index no less than 80%, and for LED technology, no less than 75%.
The voltage of the lamps in operation must be 110 and 220 volts with a range of -15% to +10%.
The real power with respect to the nominal power of the device can only register a deviation of
+/-10% of the nominal rate.
Maximum operating temperatures of the ballast are based on standards set forth in the CATR on the
maximum temperature and testing procedures.
III. Safety
Plastic material used for the base must not be flammable, and the metal base must be stainless steel.
The device must have thermal protection following regulations in the CATR related to the maximum
temperature and testing procedures.
Resistance of the base to twisting following regulations in the CATR related to the resistance
values and testing procedures.
IV. Environmental impact
Mercury content in the lighting device less than 3.5 mg.
2.3.3. Application, validity and updating minimum standards
a) The application of these standards means lighting devices may not be manufactured, assembled,
imported and sold if they have not been certified as having complied with all established minimum
standards, based on the results of the verification tests in a laboratory with international accreditation
authorized by the CATR to carry out those tests.
b) The approved minimum standards will be reviewed every three years at the time that the standards
went into effect. The date that they enter into effect will prohibit the import or admission of lighting
devices into the region that are not certified as compliant with the approved minimum standards.
33
c) Modifications that are approved during the review process will enter into effect one year after their
publication in the CATR on lighting, and countries, when necessary, will adjust their regulatory
framework within that period.
2.3.4. Proposed schedule for the implementation of the approved minimum standards
a) Between January and August 2014, procedures for verification testing methodologies and regulations
established in the strategy that will be applied to verify lighting devices will be written. The technical
chapter to be included in the CATR for lighting to comply with the approved minimum standards will
be written. The chapter will be presented to COMIECO for approval.
b) Between September and December 2014, COMIECO will write and approve the CATR for lighting
using the technical chapter and testing verification methodologies to implement the transition strategy
to efficiency lighting in Central America and the Dominican Republic.
c) In the first quarter of 2015, the first stage of the communications program will be developed to spread
awareness about the approved CATR. The program will be directed toward the general public, as
well as different institutions in the region. At the same time, technical training seminars teaching
detailed knowledge about the CATR to actors directly related to their application and compliance
(manufacturers and assembly companies, suppliers, retail and wholesale distributors, Customs and
other authorities responsible for controlling and supervising compliance in all countries in the region)
will be held.
d) Beginning in July 2015 and through December 2016, the verification process to certify that lighting
devices comply with all approved minimum standards will be designed.
e) Beginning January 1, 2017, the import of non-certified lighting devices will be prohibited in all
countries in the region.
f) Beginning January 1, 2018, any device that has not been certified may not be sold in the region.
2.3.5. Approval of the regions minimum standards proposal
During the month of November 2013, all recommendations received from the UNEP and MP, all issues based
on the results of the verifications done in China and Costa Rica for the most common lighting devices in the
region and all suggestions provided by experts in the countries who participated in workshops in Costa Rica
to debate the proposed strategy were incorporated into this proposal. The proposal will be presented to the
corresponding authorities for its final approval.
2.3.6. Write and present an expression of interest to the Customs Union and Customs Offices of Belize
and the Dominican Republic to develop the CATR for lighting efficiency
The Mesoamerica Project will be responsible for gathering all agreed upon elements and arguments to present
the expression of interest for approval of the Central American Technical Regulations for Lighting to the
Customs Union and the Customs Offices of the countries in the region that are not members of the Union. This
action will be included in the Projects priority actions for 2014.
34
2.3.7. Approval of the proposed chapter to be incorporated into the CATR that establishes the minimum
standards agreed upon by all countries in the region and their Customs institutions
Using as a reference all aspects of the approved strategy that have to do with minimum standards,
a testing methodology will be developed for accredited laboratories to certify lighting devices that
comply with the approved standards. This document describes in detail all regulations that will apply
to that development.
Likewise, within the proposal period, the technical chapter that will be included in the CATR for lighting will
be developed on minimum standards, accredited and approved laboratories to do the testing and the testing
methodologies that will be applied.
This work will be done through the participation of all relevant institutions in each country in the region,
particularly, experts in the energy sector, regulatory commissions, Costa Ricas lighting laboratory, Customs
officials and others interested in contributing to a joint proposal to be submitted to COMIECO for approval
and inclusion in the CATR.
2.3.8. Approval of the minimum standards chapter to be included in the CATR
This proposed chapter on minimum standards will be approved by COMIECO before the end of December
2014.
2.3.9. Dissemination and training on the approved standards and adjustment of legal frameworks in
the countries to what has been established in the CATR
Once the CATRs chapter on minimum standards has been approved, a communications program will be
developed for the media to share general information with the public and other stakeholders.
A training program for those who will be applying the standards directly (lighting suppliers, laboratories,
Customs officials, retailers and wholesalers, inspectors, etc.) will also be developed so that each party knows
its rights and obligations to comply with the approved standards.
Each country will be responsible for approving modifications and necessary additions to its regulatory
framework to comply with the newly approved standards.
The entire training and modification of the regulatory framework process must be finished by June 30, 2015.
2.3.10. Developing the lighting device certification process to comply with the approved minimum
standards
The lighting certification process to comply with the minimum standards in the accredited laboratories approved
by the CATR will begin July 1, 2015. A scaled verification approach will be used for the lighting devices,
beginning with those with the greatest power, until all have been verified. This scaled approach will help avoid
bottlenecks in the laboratories responsible for this process through June 2016.
Beginning July 1, 2016, the lighting certification process will begin for all devices that have not yet been
certified. All other devices that distributors would like to sell in the countries in the region must also be certified.
35
The certification process will have an automated information system that will guarantee timely and safe
information on all devices that have been certified. All certification information will be available to authorities
related to this process in each country in the region. Since all officials will have access to the information
resulting from the approved certification process, all certified devices will be allowed to be sold in the market.
2.3.11. Applying approved minimum standards
Beginning January 1, 2017, lighting devices that have not been certified will not be eligible for import to any
country in the region, in compliance with the approved minimum standards established by the CATR.
Beginning January 1, 2018, lighting devices that have not been certified will not be allowed to be sold in the
market in any country in the region, in compliance with the approved minimum standards established by the
CATR.
2.4. Progress indicators
Activity/Task
The proposal for minimum standards in the
region will be finalized and discussed in a
workshop among experts from all countries.
36
Date
October 2013
The transition strategy to efficient lighting

will be approved.
December 2013
The testing methodology and technical

chapter will be incorporated into the CATR.
August 2014
The CATRs chapter on minimum standards

will be approved.
December 2014
The approved standards will be shared, main

stakeholders will be trained and the regulatory
frameworks in the countries in the region will
be adjusted.
June 2015
The certification process for lighting devices

in compliance with the standards begins.
July 2015
The import of non-certified devices is

prohibited.
January 2017
The sale of non-certified devices is prohibited.
January 2018
3. Support Mechanisms and

Policies
3.1. Current situation and legal framework
a) All countries in the region have been implementing support mechanisms and policies. In some cases they
have been incorporated into national regulatory frameworks to promote the use of efficient lighting.
b) Some significant actions include:
National projects and pilots to hand out free CFL to substitute the use of incandescent lights in residential
areas.
Current regulations that prohibit the use of incandescent lights or regulations in the process of approval.
Approval of technical standards that promote lighting efficiency.
Elimination of import taxes for efficient lighting devices.
Actions taken to label products and the EnergICE seal in Costa Rica as distinctions of CFL efficiency
and quality.
Public awareness campaigns and education.
Agreements with international cooperation agencies to promote lighting efficiency.
c) Appendices 1 and 3 of this report summarize each countrys main initiatives, regulations and supporting
actions to transition to efficient lighting.
d) Despite political will in the region, in order to complete the transition to efficient lighting, the large
number of initiatives, regulations and supporting actions must be systematized and compliance must be
supervised.
37
38
Approve support
mechanisms and
policies in all
countries in the
region contributing
to a reduction in
retail prices and
diverse supply in the
market.
Approve a system
to award the
Mesoamerica
Efficiency and
Quality Award,
recognizing devices
with high ratings in
those areas.
Objectives [in
priority order]
Approve a single
mandatory labeling
system for the
region.
Consulting team/ EDMP. October 2013
3.3.3. Write and propose a system to

award the Mesoamerica Efficiency
and Quality Award recognizing
lighting devices with the greatest
efficiency and highest quality in the
market.
3.3.4. Write and propose support

mechanisms and policies that reduce
the retail prices of lighting devices
and foster a diverse supply in the
market.
3.3.2. Write and propose a single

mandatory labeling system for the
region. Use the same schedule and
monitoring and verification system
for labeling and minimum standards.
3.3.1. Research and study regulations Consulting team/ EDMP. October 2013
and experiences with support
mechanisms and policies in the area
and other background information.
Timeframe
The established labeling

system will guarantee verifiable
information that is easily
understood by the consumer on
the devices efficiency and quality.
The system will be implemented
on the same schedule as the
application of minimum standards
and will use the same monitoring
and verification system.
The approved Mesoamerica
Efficiency and Quality Award
recognizes the most efficient and
highest quality lighting devices
in the market with verifiable
information that is easily
understood by the consumer
and that uses the same schedule
and monitoring and verification
system as the minimum standards.
Applied mechanisms and policies
reduce prices in the retail market
for certified efficient lights, and
the market maintains a diverse
supply of efficient lighting
devices.
Responsible Party
Priority Activities
Expected Results
3.2. Logical Framework
39
Approve a broad
communications
strategy for the
region with more
specific guidelines
aligned with each
countrys particular
characteristics.
Approve the final
support mechanisms
and policies to
be proposed and
included in the
strategy and present
them for final
approval.
Objectives [in
priority order]
Approve a regional
program to support
the replacement of
incandescent lights
in low-income
sectors through
transition to efficient
lighting.
Approved support mechanisms

and policies facilitate the
development of the strategy and
increase support from all actors in
their implementation.
3.3.5. Write a proposal for the

replacement program in low-income
sectors. Guarantee the collection
of incandescent lights. Include
communications actions in the
lighting replacement program.
The replacement of incandescent

lights program will accelerate the
transition to efficient lighting,
facilitate changes among
those with the greatest access
issues, reduce consumption and
emissions sooner and provide
one other channel for the
communications strategy.
The approved communications
strategy will raise awareness
about the transition and support
for implementation. Likewise, it
will raise awareness about energy
and environmental issues in
society, generally.
Timeframe
Responsible Party
3.3.7. Include in the proposed

strategy all considerations approved
in consultation with the countries
and related authorities during the
workshops and present the final
report for approval.
3.3.8. Approve the strategy on
support mechanisms and policies for
the corresponding level.
Ministers of Energy in
the region.
December
2013
Consulting team/ EDMP. November

2013
3.3.6. Define and share the main

Consulting team/ EDMP. November
issues to be considered when writing
2013
the regional communications strategy
based on national campaigns.
Priority Activities
Expected Results
40
Include the chapter

on the regional
Mesoamerica
Efficiency and
Quality Award in the
CATR.
Implement support
mechanisms and
policies for the
transition to reduce
retail prices of
efficient lighting and
guarantee diverse
supply in the market.
Objectives [in
priority order]
Include the chapter
that establishes
the application of
labeling for lighting
devices in the region
in the CATR and
implement it.
COMIECO/ Energy
Offices and National
Regulatory Committees
in the Customs Union
and Customs Offices of
non-member countries.
Responsible Party
COMIECO/ Energy
Offices and National
Regulatory Committees
in the Customs Union
and Customs Offices of
non-member countries.
3.3.11. Develop, approve, publish and National energy
implement the proposed national and authorities.
regional regulatory framework for
each approved support mechanism
and policy so they are approved and
used.
3.3.10. Develop and approve

the chapter on the Mesoamerica
Efficiency and Quality Award in the
CATR.
3.3.9. Develop and approve the

chapter on labeling in the CATR,
develop a program to disseminate
the information and train authorities
responsible for implementation.
All lighting devices that are

produced or imported and sold in
the region have the appropriate
label.
All lighting devices that are

produced or imported in the
region have been awarded the
Mesoamerica Award if they
comply with the established
criteria.
The general lighting markets in
countries in the region have been
supplied with a variety of models,
and retail prices are lower.
Priority Activities
Expected Results
June 2015
December 2014
December 2014
Timeframe
41
Objectives [in
priority order]
Develop a project to
replace incandescent
lights among lowincome sectors in the
region.
3.3.12. Approve a detailed proposal
for an incandescent light bulb
replacement program for low-income
users and issue the call for proposals
to purchase the lights from at least
two suppliers.
3.3.13. Sign contracts with the
suppliers and receive the first round
of light bulbs.
All low-income users who pay

subsidized electricity bills have
efficient lighting received by
turning in their incandescent light
bulbs.
3.3.14. Begin the program to replace

and receive light bulbs and finalized
the delivery of the light bulbs. Finish
by replacing incandescent lighting
for all low-income consumers
and include communications and
educational actions. Guarantee that
all received light bulbs are collected.
Priority Activities
Expected Results
December
2014
January - June
2015
June 2015
June 2016
National energy
authorities, energy
distributors.
National energy
authorities, energy
distributors.
Timeframe
National energy
authorities, energy
distributors.
Responsible Party
3.3. Detailed process to implement priority activities

3.3.1. Research and study of different policies and mechanisms that have been successful in other
countries, particularly in the region
Support mechanisms and policies applied in Latin American countries that have already begun the
transition were studied, particularly in Cuba, Argentina, Colombia and Ecuador; as well as planned
policies in Mexico, the countrys experience with the FIDE seal, Ilumex, etc. and the countrys
general policy on efficient lighting.
The Cuban methodology to replace lights and communications campaigns done by the country and
other Latin American countries were studied.
The FIDE and EnergICE seals were identified and studied as a reference for the proposed
Mesoamerica Award.
The UNEPs Toolkit on support mechanisms and policies was studied in detail.
3.3.2. Single mandatory labeling system for the region

I. Schedule for application and the monitoring, verification and enforcement system
a) The schedule to apply the labeling system will be the same as that established for the minimum
standards. When a lighting device finalizes the certification of minimum standards process,
all specifications required by the labeling system will appear (type of light, real technical
specifications that are reflected in the covering and device itself resulting from the verification of
the sample).
b) Likewise, all sanctions that must be applied will appear in the established enforcement system in
case the device does not comply with the labeling standards.
II. Proposed regional labeling system
a) A single labeling system for the entire region will be developed.
b) A single design will be used by all manufacturers, who will have to use one side of a four-sided box
for the device or a visible part of the background of the blister package for the design. The design
will be developed in detail when the chapter of the CATR is written.
c) The label will be designed with three parts on the type of device based on its efficiency, the devices
main specifications and guidelines for its safe use. A sample follows in the next figure (much of this
information can be given using symbols).
Type of lighting device based on its

certified efficiency.
Main specifications of the device
verified during certification.
Guidelines on the safe use of the
device.
42
o In relation to the type of lamp, the design shown in the following illustration will be used,
but with only three levels (A-B-C), similar to the design used in Argentina, but substituting
the word Energy for Efficiency Class and just leaving the first three categories.
Illustration 3. Label design
CLASS A
Devices with the Mesoamerica Efficiency and Quality
Award.
CLASS B
Devices that have intermediate levels of efficiency
between the minimum standard and the award level.
CLASE C
Devices that comply with minimum standards.
o The technical specifications that should be listed in the second part of the label will be
power in watts (W), voltage in volts (V), luminous power in Lumen (lm), the life of the light
in hours (h), color temperature in degrees Kevin (K) and the mercury content in milligrams
(mg).
d) The values that must be reflected for each one of these specifications will be those that will appear
on the devices certification as a result of the verification tests, rounded to the closest whole
number without surpassing the accepted range for each. Authorities should also consider the
value of including other information, such as the equivalence of CFL and incandescent lights, or
other.
e) The lighting devices packaging, the device itself or any other part of the product that is going to be
sold must not contain any reference that is different to those specifications. The base of the lighting
device will only contain the following technical specifications: voltage, power, luminous power and
mercury content.
3.3.3. System to award the Mesoamerica Efficiency and Quality Award
I.
Schedule to apply the award and its monitoring, verification and enforcement system
a) The schedule to apply the award will be the same as that for the minimum standards. When a
lighting device has been verified, the certification issued by the authorized entity will state whether
the device reached the levels necessary for the award and if the device is deserving of the award.
b) Likewise, all sanctions that must be applied will appear in the established enforcement system in
case the device does not comply with the standards required for the Mesoamerica Efficiency and
Quality Award
43
II. Proposed system to award the Mesoamerica Efficiency and Quality Award
a) A single system to award the Mesoamerica Efficiency and Quality Award will be developed for all
b) A single logo will be designed for the award for all manufacturers, which will provide the top
lid of the box packaging or the left-hand corner of the front panel of cardboard backing in blister
packages for the seal. Manufacturers will incorporate the logo in the design and production of the
lighting devices packaging.
c) The general efficiency and quality conditions that a lighting device must comply with to have the
award logo on its packaging are:

1. Comply with all established minimum standards certifying the lighting device.
2. Have efficiency values higher than the minimum standards shown in the following Table:
Table 15. Efficiency levels needed for the Mesoamerica Award
Range of power
(watts)
7 or less
8 a 11
12 a 15
16 a 18
19 a 23
Greater than 23
Luminous efficiency (lumen/watt)

Uncovered
48
54
58
62
65
67
Covered
40
45
50
55
58
60
3. Have quality values higher than the minimum standards:

Hours of life.
8,000 hours
Level of light for 1,000 hours
90 % of 100 hours
No sample fails the verification
process for 1,000 hours.
3.3.4. Proposals for other support mechanisms and policies to reduce the retail price of lights,
guaranteeing a diverse supply of models in the market

a) Eliminate all current tariffs or taxes on the import and delivery of lighting devices for general
use in the retail market that have been certified with any technology.
b) Analyze the possibility of eliminating or reducing the Value Added Tax (VAT) on retail sales
of certified efficient lighting, and in particular, for those with the Mesoamerica Award.
c) Work with countries to implement a public-private alliance to access certified devices with
lower prices as follows
44
i.
Government participation from the energy sector, chains of retail stores with national
presence and manufacturers of efficient lighting to introduce a so-called POPULAR light
in the market that has been certified with an austere design in every sense of the word
(shape, diameter of the light, color temperature of 4,500-5,000 Kelvin, economic cover,
etc.); so both the manufacturer and the stores are willing to reduce their profit margins
and eliminate the VAT and any other factor to make it available throughout the region at
the lowest possible price. Authorities will begin with this preliminary idea, and it will be
developed with input from all stakeholders to obtain lights that comply with minimum
standards and have a low market price.
3.3.5. P
roposal for the lights replacement program for in low-income sectors of the population.
a) All users that pay a subsidized electricity bill will be included in the replacement program, along
with others designated by the countries in the region.
b) Users included in the replacement program will switch out their incandescent lighting, with a
maximum of four lights per user (a normal maximum for these types of users, and avoiding the
exchange of additional incandescent lights that had not really been in use by the users).
c) The price of the efficient lights given to these users will be equal to the delivery of the incandescent
light bulbs.
d) Light bulbs that are used for substitution must comply with the approved minimum standards and
meet technical requirements that will make sure they are used based on the quality of the service in
those areas. They will be purchased for the entire region through an open bidding process awarded
to at least two suppliers supported by a technical commission with representation from the energy
sectors of every country.
e) Lights will be replaced by going door-to-door for users benefiting from the program using volunteers
and students and with the support and use of consumer records provided by the corresponding
distributor. All countries should implement a pilot project prior to adjusting the methodology to be
followed.
f) A detailed record that allows for the verification of each user included in the program that makes the
switch will be kept. Users only have one opportunity to make the exchange, and a daily balance will
be kept to monitor the amount of efficient light bulbs handed out and the number of incandescent
light bulbs collected.
g) For the replacement process, students from neighborhood schools and other community
organizations will be trained and then used to make the exchange at each home They must explain
the advantages of the transition in language that is easy to understand, and then they will replace
each light bulb for people who cannot do so themselves.
h) Authorities will establish a clear and simple methodology to be used during the incandescent light
bulb replacement program with subsidized consumers that will guarantee the collection of the
incandescent light bulbs. These light bulbs will be broken at the place of the replacement and in the
presence of neighbors once the correct number of exchanges has been made from incandescent to
light efficient light bulbs.
45
i) The type of light bulbs that will be used and their technical specifications should be determined a
result of the pilot programs and other considerations when the project is designed and during the
bidding process that will be launched.
3.3.6. Proposed communications strategy
To ensure that the regional strategy is shared, the following activities are suggested:
a) Establish strategic alliances with energy distributors to take full advantage of all communications channels
that they have to share information on the regional strategy and support mechanisms and policies. In
particular, this should include publications on energy bills, in quarterly magazines and electronic bulletins.
It is recommended that these campaigns be especially active during the scheduled implementation dates
when the transition to efficient lighting is taking place. Likewise, it is suggested that the campaign take place
in March (to celebrate Energy Efficiency Day, March 5); June (Environmental Day, June 5); September
and other dates that are significant to energy use and taking care of the environment, and December (for
high energy consumption during Christmas).
b) Establish strategic alliances with manufacturers and distributors and other related authorities and actors to
develop a dynamic publicity campaign to share messages about minimum energy performance standards,
the amount of mercury in lights and what to do if you break a light, as well as how to dispose safely of those
lights, among other topics.
c) Identify free spaces in radio, television and press to share minimum energy performance standards, support
mechanisms and policies and information about recycling light bulbs. In addition, hold a continuous
campaign to talk about each topic and host activities developed for each one.
d) Consider introducing the topic in the primary school system to make sure that new generations are taught
to have a culture of savings and taking care of the environment.
e) Establish the fundamental areas that will guide and support the campaign regionally to serve as the basis
for each national campaign.
f) Develop a national communications plan based on approved directives and central topics to implement
permanent actions in the next THREE years to detail achievements in the transition to efficient lighting (see
Appendix 5).
g) The awareness campaign should develop seminars and workshops in the countries to train authorities
who will be directly responsible for implementing the established standards, such as local manufacturers,
Customs officials, retailers, electricity distributors, inspectors, etc.
3.3.7. Writing the final support mechanisms and policies proposal
The proposal on the support mechanisms and policies will be debated in a final workshop with participation of
experts and authorities from every country in the region to reach agreement on the entire proposal and collect
ideas and observations for modifications that could be made. With all of the information that is collected, a
study will be done to incorporate all agreed upon topics into the proposal. The final proposal will be presented
for approval by the appropriate authority.
46
3.3.8. Approval of the strategys support mechanisms and policies

The Transition to Efficient Lighting Strategy will be presented and approved for later implementation in the
eight countries in the region. This strategy will include the proposed support mechanisms and policies.
3.3.9. Develop, approve and implement the chapter on labeling in the Central American Technical
Regulations
a) The chapter in the CATR that will establish the approved labeling system agreed upon by all
authorities in the different countries using the same monitoring, verification and enforcement
system as the minimum standards will be written. COMIECO will be responsible for its approval
in December 2014.
b) Once the labeling chapter is approved, a communications program will be developed for the press
so that the general public learns more about the standards. A training program for authorities
directly responsible for its application will also be created (lighting suppliers, laboratories, Customs
officials, retailers, etc.) so that each actor understands his or her rights and obligations under the
labeling system approved during the first quarter of 2005.
c) Likewise, each country will be responsible for approving the modifications and additions necessary
to their regulatory frameworks to comply with the new, approved regulations on labeling. These
communications, training and modification of the regulatory framework processes should be
finished by June 30, 2015.
d) Beginning in July 2015, lighting devices that are certified will received an approval certification
that will state all characteristics that the device must comply with in terms of labeling. Beginning
in January 2017, all imported devices must have the same label in order to enter any country in the
region.
e) Beginning in January 2018, all lighting devices sold in the countries in the region must comply
fully with all labeling standards.
3.3.10. Develop, approve and implement a chapter in the Central American Technical Regulations on
the Mesoamerica Efficiency and Quality Award
The actions taken to approve the Mesoamerica Efficiency and Quality Award and its scheduled implementation
are the same as those mentioned in the previous section on labeling.
3.3.11. Develop, approve, publish and implement the proposed regional and national regulatory
framework to apply the support mechanisms and policies so that prices of efficient lighting
devices do not increase and the market retains a supply
A group of experts from all relevant sectors from every country in the region will be formed to study the
approved proposals and define together how they should be implemented by December 2014.
Once this step has been completed, each country will make changes to their regulatory frameworks so that
these mechanisms and policies will enter into effect by June 2015.
47
3.3.12. Develop and approve a detailed proposal to replace incandescent light bulbs for subsidized
consumers and open a bidding process for procurement
Through June 2014 experts from each country will develop a general program to replace light bulbs
throughout the region for users with subsidized rates and other groups that can be proposed by each
country. The program will include detailed information about which users will qualify in each country
to determine the number and power of the incandescent light bulbs to be replaced, the way the exchange
will take place, people who will be involved, the collection process, the inclusion of communications
actions in the project to communicate the importance of efficient lighting, the environmental and
energy consumption benefits of efficient lighting, benefits to people and the country, etc. Based on the
substitution project that is approved by each country and its compliance with the defined terms, each
country will have its own project and determine the exact number of people involved, number of light
bulbs to be exchanged, their power, a communications program and other details, which should all be
ready by September 2014.
In December 2014 a concession will be granted to at least two suppliers for the purchase of light bulbs for the
entire region.
3.3.13. Awarding the concession, purchasing light bulbs and receiving the first round of light bulbs to
begin the replacement process
Based on the approved national programs, authorities will define in detail what type of light bulbs will be
purchased and will open a bidding process for the procurement. The first round of light bulbs must be delivered
before June 30, 2015, in order to begin project implementation on July 1, 2015.
3.3.14. Develop a light bulb exchange program for each country in the region while complying with the
approved program details
The incandescent light bulb replacement program should begin in July 2015 and comply with the approved
terms paying special attention to making sure that the program reaches all users with subsidized rates and other
participating users. In addition, consumers may only exchange light bulbs that are actually installed in their
homes to maximize transparency in the collection process. Communications should be optimized to create a
culture of energy and environmental savings with this population.
The replacement program should conclude for all subsidized users in each country by June 2016
48
Activity/Task
The proposal process for support mechanisms
and policies in the region is finalized and
discussed in a workshop with experts from
every country in the region.
The transition strategy to efficient lighting is
approved.
Date
October/2013
December /2013
The chapters on labeling and the Mesoamerica

Award in the CATR are approved.
December /2014
Information on the labeling system and the

Mesoamerica Award are shared with the entire
population; relevant authorities involved
in implementation are trained; regulatory
frameworks are adjusted in each country in the
region.
Regulatory standards are written, approved
and published to guarantee the application
of support mechanisms and policies that
will reduce the price of efficient lighting and
maintain supply in the market.
Replacement pilot programs are implemented,
the program to replace incandescent light
bulbs for subsidized users is defined and the
bidding process is opened.
The replacement light bulbs are procured and
the first round is received.
June /2014
December/2014
December/2014
June/2015
The lighting device certification process

begins in compliance with labeling
requirements and the Mesoamerica Award.
The replacement program begins and the
remaining light bulbs are collected.
June/2015
The replacement program concludes for

subsidized users.
June/2016
Lighting devices that are not labeled and

without the Mesoamerica Award logo, if
applicable, may no longer be imported.
The sale of non-labeled lighting devices, and
those without the Mesoamerica Award logo, if
applicable, is prohibited.
June/2015
January /2017
January /2018
49
50
4. Monitoring, verification and

enforcement
4.1. Current situation and existing legal framework
a) Most countries in the region have implemented control measures, but few have verification processes,
and practically none have made efforts to enforce established standards.
b) Control actions include establishing efficiency levels for CFL and other linear and circline fluorescent
light bulbs and current or proposed legislation that prohibits incandescent lighting.
c) The region has done little in terms of verification, with the exception of Costa Rica, which has
accredited testing processes in a laboratory and conditions to develop verification processes for the
efficiency, quality and safety of lighting devices.
d) Costa Ricas verification process is designed to test the lighting parameters presented by distributors.
In practice, most results show that real values differ from the presented ones. Some countries accept
verifications done in other countries outside the region but do not have controls in place to prove that
the laboratory completed the test and that it uses accredited testing processes.
e) There have been few enforcement actions taken. This situation may be due to the fact that most
established regulations are voluntary in nature.
f) Appendix 2 of this report presents a summary of each countrys main established regulations leading
to the transition to efficient lighting.
g) Despite the existing voluntary policies in the region to transition to efficient lighting and the large
number of initiatives, regulations and supporting actions that have been implemented, the region still
has not integrated and systematized these processes to the degree necessary.
The established regulations are almost completely voluntary in nature, and no methodology or system to control
compliance exists. As a result, most countries do not have a verification and enforcement system implemented.
51
52
Logical Framework
Objectives [in priority

order]
Establish a monitoring
system that guarantees that
all lighting devices that are
produced, imported and sold
in the region comply with
the established minimum
standards and there is a
single registry with device
specifications accessible to
every country in the region.
4.2.
Priority Activities
4.3.1. Research and analyze
regulations and experiences of
other countries and other relevant
background information.
4.3.2. Write and approve a proposal
for a monitoring system to certify
compliance with the minimum
standards, define the type of lighting
devices and their verified technical
specifications that appear on the
labels and establish whether the
device deserves the Mesoamerica
Award.
4.3.3. Propose a monitoring system
that will guarantee at the borders
that lighting devices that leave or
enter the region have been certified,
labeled with the appropriate
specifications and class and have
the Mesoamerica Award logo, if
applicable.
4.3.4. Propose a monitoring system
to guarantee that the lighting devices
sold in the retail market in the
region are certified, labeled with the
appropriate specifications and class
and have the Mesoamerica Award
logo, if applicable.
Expected Results
A transition to efficient
lighting process is
completed so that by
January 2017 all lighting
devices that are imported,
produced or assembled
in the countries in the
region are certified and that
beginning in January 2018
only certified devices are
sold in the region.
October 2013
October 2013
Consulting team/
EDMP
Consulting team/
EDMP
October 2013
October 2013
Timeframe
Consulting team/
EDMP
Responsible Party
53
Establish a enforcement
system to regulate measures
and sanctions that should be
applied to violations of the
CATR when implementing
the regions approved control
and verification system.
Approve proposed
monitoring, verification
and enforcement systems to
guarantee strict compliance
with the minimum standards,
labeling system and award of
the Mesoamerica Award.

order]
Establish a verification
system to determine what
lighting devices to certify,
the specifications that should
be on the label, their class
and the Mesoamerica Award
logo, if applicable. The
system should also verify
through random testing of
devices entering the region
if all certified specifications
are true.
4.3.5. Propose and approve
guidelines to develop a testing
methodology to verify lighting
devices to prove that they comply
with requirements, are certified
in meeting minimum standards
that are defined by the technical
specifications on their labels,
their class, if they deserve the
Mesoamerica Award and that
lots of certified devices that enter
the country truly meet certified
specifications.
4.3.6. Propose a enforcement system
to apply measures and sanctions for
each violation of the CATR that is
detected.
4.3.7. Incorporate considerations

approved by relevant actors in
consultation workshops with
the countries on the monitoring,
verification and enforcement
systems.
Only the lighting devices

that comply with all
minimum standards are
certified and authorized to
enter the regional market
and that when certified lots
of devices enter the market,
their specifications are
verified and the certified
technical specifications are
true for those devices that
will be sold in the market.
The approved monitoring,

verification and
enforcement systems
guarantee strict compliance
with minimum standards,
labeling and the
Mesoamerica Award in the
All violations of the CATR

that are detected will
result in the application of
established measures and
sanctions to enforce strict
compliance.
Priority Activities
Expected Results
October 2013
October 2013
December
2013
Consulting team/
EDMP
Consulting team/
EDMP
Timeframe
Consulting team/
EDMP
Responsible Party
54
Laboratories have the

capacity to test lighting
devices uniformly, which
could be sold in the regions
markets.
Expected Results
Priority Activities
4.3.8. Conduct a market study to

identify the demand for verification
of the application of minimum
standards and determine if Costa
Ricas laboratory can cover that
demand or if is necessary to take
other actions.
Include a chapter
All lighting devices that
4.3.9. Develop a technical proposal
establishing the monitoring, are produced, imported and for the chapter on monitoring,
verification and enforcement sold are controlled and their verification and enforcement for the
systems that will be applied compliance with the CATR CATR.
in every country in the region is verified and supervised.
4.3.10. Approve the chapter on
in the CATR.
monitoring, verification and
enforcement in the CATR.
4.3.11. Develop a communications
program for the general public on the
approved monitoring, verification
and enforcement processes,
train authorities responsible for
implementation and adjust regulatory
frameworks in the countries.
4.3.12. Implement the CATRs
monitoring, verification and
enforcement systems following
the schedule so that all general use
lighting devices produced, imported
or sold in the region strictly comply
with the transition strategy to
efficient lighting by January 2018.

order]
Approve the accredited
laboratories that may provide
standardized testing services
for lighting devices in the
region.
January
August 2014
December
2014
Consulting team/
EDMP
COMIECO
Mesoamerica
Project, Costa
Ricas Energy
Efficiency
Laboratory,
national regulatory
committees and
energy authorities
in the countries in
the region.
June 2015
January
National energy
authorities and
June 2015
national technical
regulatory agencies.
March 2014
Timeframe
Consulting team/
EDMP
Responsible Party
4.3. Detailed process to implement priority activities in the areas of monitoring, verification
and enforcement
MONITORING SYSTEM
4.3.1. Identified and studied information
a) Control systems that had been implemented successfully in different countries, and in particular in
Mesoamerica, were identified and studied.
b) Appropriate guidelines related to monitoring systems were considered during the launch workshop
in the countries in Mesoamerica.
c) Recommendations that had been made about monitoring systems for transition to efficient lighting
by the UNEP/en.lighten were studied.
4.3.2. Certification of lighting devices, definition of classes, labeling requirements and designation of
the Mesoamerica Award
a) All producers or assembly companies, wholesalers and any other entity that supplies lighting
devices to the market or client in Mesoamerica must certify each lighting device13, or family of
devices that are to be sold.
b) All lighting device suppliers in the region, for any type of transaction and in any country, must
certify their devices in order to bring them into any country in the region and sell them. The cost of
sending samples to the laboratory and the cost of analysis will be paid for by the supplier.
c) Seven samples must be provided for each lighting device, and ten samples of a lighting device family
(with proportional representation for each model in the family) must be provided to the laboratories
with accredited testing methodologies as part of the verification system for the countries in the
region (the laboratories with verification processes to certify devices in the region will be defined).
These lighting devices will be selected by the producer or distributor, understanding that the results
will establish the specifications that will be put on the label of the device and that the lighting
devices will then have to comply with those specifications in order to enter the regions market.
d) Samples submitted will be verified according to regulations, and the certifying entities will declare
the following based on the results:
Non-certified devices if they do not comply with any of the requirements established by the
minimum standards, and they cannot be imported or sold in the region.
Certified devices if they comply with the minimum standards and based on the real values will be
classified with the following:
The lighting devices technical specifications that will appear on the certification are
those that must be reflected on the label and the device base, as required.
A family of lighting devices is one in which all devices are of the same brand, have the same power level established by the minimum
standards, have the same ballast and have no more than four variations.
13
55
The lighting devices CLASS will be based on its technical specifications and must also
be reflected on the label.
If the lighting device reaches the necessary levels of efficiency and quality, it will put the
designed Mesoamerica Award logo on its packaging to show that the device exhibits the
greatest levels of efficiency and quality in the market.
e) For lighting devices that are not certified, producers or distributors may submit a new sample 60
days after receiving the NOT CERTIFIED notification for a new verification process.
f) The certificate that is issued will describe clearly the lighting device or family of devices that
have been certified (in the case of a family, the characteristics of each particular device will
be described). The certificate will also state the specifications that should be on the package
label, the devices class and if the device deserves the Mesoamerica Efficiency and Quality
Award.
4.3.3. Border control for the entrance and departure of products to guarantee that all lighting devices
that enter the region are certified and that their certifying label correctly reflects the class,
certified specifications and if they have the Mesoamerica Award
a) All entities in the region must guarantee that when purchasing, receiving donations or nationalizing
any lighting system for general lighting use, those lighting devices have been verified and have the
appropriate certification.
b) Customs officials or inspectors designated for national producers or assembly companies will verify
at the points of entry that each lighting device or family of devices entering any of the countries in
the region have the following:
Present the certificate that accredits their compliance with current minimum standards
and its period of validity.
If the class that appears on the package corresponds to that on the certificate.
If the technical specifications on the label are those that appear on the certificate.
If a lighting device that has the Mesoamerica Award can prove that it was so awarded
during the certification process.
In case any violation is detected during the inspection, the chapter on supervision in the CATR will
be applied.
c) If the lighting devices that enter the country comply with all previous criteria, then a sample of each
device or family of devices will be selected for a lot equaling 0.01% of the total that will enter the
country; however, the lot will never have less than 10 or more than 40 units. The sample will be
sent to the laboratory for verification at the expense of the buyer in order to verify if the samples
real technical specifications match those recorded in the certification process of the lighting device
or family of devices.
d) Once the sample is taken out, the lot of devices will be authorized to enter the country for sale
56
e) If, during the sample verification process, and independent of whether the devices are already in the
market, variations greater than those allowed with respect to the certified specifications are found,
sanctions established in the enforcement chapter will be applied.
4.3.4. Market monitoring system to prove that lighting devices that are sold are standardized and
comply with the issued certificate
a) Inspectors named by the CATR will be responsible for systematic controls of the retail units so that:
Lighting devices that are sold have current certification.
If the class on the package matches the one on the certificate.
If the technical specifications on the label match those on the certificate.
If the device has the Mesoamerica Award logo, that it can prove it has been awarded during the
certification process.
b) For any violation that is detected at any point in the process, measures and sanctions established in the
enforcement chapter will be applied.
VERIFICATION SYSTEM
4.3.5. Basic guidelines to develop the testing methodology to certify lighting devices that may enter the
regional market, and, once imported, verify their certified records
a) The verification process to certify lighting devices will be conducted using a sample of seven units to
certify one device and ten units for a family of devices.
b) In the case of a family of devices, the maximum number of models will be five, and all must be of the
same brand, with practically the same ballast, and their powers should belong to the same group within
the established standards. The voltage, color temperature, type of base, socket and shape of the tube
(spiral, U, etc.) may all differ.
c) In a family of devices, the sample of ten that will be presented for certification must include each
model.
d) A testing methodology will be created based on international standards that are clearly defined in order
to verify all specifications established by the minimum standards, in labeling and those necessary for
the Mesoamerica Award.
e) Violations in any established minimum standard specification will lead to the lighting device or
family of devices to be NOT CERTIFIED and 60 days will have to pass before a new sample can
be presented for the certification needed to remain in the market or enter the region, starting on the
specified date.
f) Lighting devices or families of devices that test positively for all established minimum standard
specifications will be certified by the pertinent authority with all requirements listed on the documentation
clearly reflecting:
57
The device or family of devices (with the characteristics of each model) that is being
certified.
The verified and certified technical specifications that must be put on the label and the base
of the device.
The class (A, B or C) given based on the real performance for each technical specification
during the verification process.
If the Mesoamerica Efficiency and Quality Award will be given.
g) A copy of this certificate will be provided to the requestor and will be recorded in the single certification
system (website) by the certifying agency. All of the regions main actors that have been assigned roles
to comply with the monitoring and enforcement process in the CATR will have access to the system
to see information (Customs officials, energy authorities, manufacturers and distributors, retailers and
wholesalers, control authorities and inspectors, enforcement agents and other pertinent actors).
h) The certificate that has been issued for the lighting device or family of devices will allow the producer
or distributor to present the device in all countries in the region.
i) The same approved testing methodology to certify compliance with the approved standards will be
used to verify the samples from each lot of devices that is imported into the region or exported by
producers or assembly companies in the region.
j) The results of the sample verification process will be compared to the devices certified technical
specifications. If variations are found beyond the allowed range, the result will be communicated to the
enforcement body to apply sanctions established in the CATR for those violations.
ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM
4.3.6. Summary of the proposed enforcement system that establishes the measures and sanctions that
should be applied for violations of the CATR
a) The following are considered to be violations of the CATR:
Selling non-certified lighting devices or those with violations for differences between the
information presented with respect to the class, label and Mesoamerica Award and that on
the certificate.
The identification of non-certified lighting devices from producers or assembly companies
entering or departing at the border.
Identification of certified lighting devices entering or departing the region at the border
whose information on the label, class and/or award do not correspond to those on the
certificate.
Lots of certified devices that enter a country with the correct information on their packaging
but whose real measurements from the verification of the random sample taken upon
entrance are lower than those certified for the device.
b) The chapter on enforcement in the CATR will establish sanctions that should be applied in cases in
58
which the abovementioned violations have been detected. Appendix 6 describes proposed sanctions
that could be applied for each possible violation to serve as a guide when establishing and detailing the
sanctions in the CATRs chapter on supervision.
4.3.7. Approve the transition strategy to efficient lighting in the chapters on monitoring, verification
and enforcement
A final proposal on monitoring, verification and enforcement processes that incorporates criteria
approved in the analysis process and during workshops to debate the strategy with experts and
authorities from countries in the region will be written and presented to the corresponding authorities
for its final approval.
4.3.8. Market study on the demand for verification with the implementation of the strategy and possible
remedies
a) Using a market study on efficient lighting devices sold in the region and volumes and trade that
occurred in 2012, authorities will determine the demand for verification processes that will be
generated with the comprehensive implementation of the strategy.
b) Once the demand has been determined, a comparison will be made with the Costa Rican laboratorys
current capacity to define whether it will be necessary to create additional capacity to cover the
demand, and if so, proposals on those actions will be presented..
4.3.9. Write the technical proposal for the chapter on monitoring, verification and enforcement to serve
as the basis for its approval in the CATR
a) The proposed testing methodology to verify lighting devices and all issues related to that process will
be reviewed to define the technical proposal that will be presented when establishing the chapter in the
CATR.
b) The proposed monitoring system presented in the strategy will be studied and experts in the region will
be consulted to define the technical proposal that should be considered when establishing the chapter
in the CATR.
c) Violations that could occur when implementing the strategy will be approved, and when considering
sanctions that could be applied, experts from every country in the region will write a technical proposal
on the monitoring, verification and enforcement processes to be included in the chapter of the CATR.
4.3.10. Approve the chapter in the CATR on monitoring, verification and enforcement
A chapter on monitoring, verification and enforcement will be written to include in the CATR with
agreement from experts from every country so that it can be presented and approved by COMIECO.
4.3.11 Develop a plan to share information about the approved chapter, train people responsible for its
implementation and adjust regulatory frameworks in the countries
a) The communications strategy will be used to share information about the chapter of the CATR with the
general population.
59
b) A training process will be developed for institutions that will be directly responsible for its implementation
and compliance.
c) The training process should be carried out in each country in the region to make modifications and
incorporate the topic as required by the CATR.
b) This process must finish by June 2015.
4.3.12 Implementation of the monitoring, verification and enforcement system in the region
a) Beginning in July 2015 at the beginning of the lighting device certification process, the verification
system will be implemented.
b) In January 2017 the monitoring, verification and enforcement system will be implemented across the
region for lighting devices entering the region through importers or departing through producers or
assembly companies.
c) Beginning in January 2018 the monitoring, verification and enforcement system will be applied to all
monitoring processes in the market.
Activity/Task
The proposal for the monitoring, verification and enforcement system will
be finalized and discussed in a workshop with experts from every country
in the region.
The transition strategy to efficient lighting will be approved.
The testing methodology to verify lighting devices will be developed.
The chapter on monitoring, verification and enforcement will be approved
for the CATR.
Information about the monitoring, verification and enforcement system will
be shared with the general public, the responsible parties will be trained
and the regulatory frameworks of the countries will be adjusted.
The process to make lighting devices standardized through compliance
with verification process will begin.
The implementation of the monitoring and enforcement system will begin
for lighting devices being imported into the region.
The implementation of the whole monitoring, verification and enforcement
system for lighting devices to be sold in the market will begin.
60
Date
October 2013
December 2013
August 2014
December 2014
June 2015
July 2015
January 2017
January 2018
5. Environmental Sound Management

5.1 Current situation
Upon analyzing the life cycle of existing lighting products in Central America and the Caribbean, it was found
that by eliminating inefficient incandescent lights through their replacement with CFL and LED lights, CO2
emissions into the environment would be reduced. However, because fluorescent lights contain mercury,
policies must be more comprehensive to prevent contamination and promote sustainable environmental
management.
Currently, the region does not have an inventory of used light bulbs. No plants exist for the safe disposal of
light bulbs, which means that current disposal is not appropriate because light bulbs are sent to landfills and
open dumps. Only Panama has an initiative to collect a small number of light bulbs and separate their parts,
isolating the rare earth elements and mercury.
5.2 Existing legal framework in the countries
The baseline study done by the Mesoamerica Project, UNEP and GEF in March 2013 through the en.lighten
initiative identified current and proposed legislation to treat and dispose of special waste. This information is
presented in Section 1.2.4 of the legal framework for efficient lighting.
5.2.1 International context on environmental sound management
It is important to mention that all countries in the region have signed the Basel Convention on the Control
of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, which was adopted in 1989 and
entered into effect on May 5, 1992, after each country signed and ratified its participation.
In addition, Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament, through the WEEE (Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment), regulates the obligation countries have to recover electrical and electronic
waste. The Directive entered into effect in February 2003 and has been incorporated into the national
legislation of each member state since then. All manufacturers and importers of electrical and electronic
equipment must accept returns of their products and take measures to handle, use and recycle them. All
manufacturers and importers are required to register in each country. Member states must come up with a
list of manufacturers and record their data on amounts and categories of electrical and electronic equipment
that has been imported, collected, recycled or reused in an annual database. In addition, information on
used equipment that has been exported and collected that states the weight, or if not possible, the number
of devices is also recorded.
Another international convention is the Minamata Convention, whose final version was adopted by 147
governments on January 19, 2013, in Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of this Convention is to protect
human health and the environment from the human impact of emissions from mercury and mercury
61
compounds. This Convention establishes that beginning in 2020 the production, import and export of CFL
for general lighting use of less than 30W with a mercury level of more than 5 mg will be prohibited. Five
countries in Central America and the Caribbean participated in the Minamata Convention in October 2013,
including Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic.
62
63

order]
Elaborate a regulatory
framework for a system
to collect, transport, store
and dispose of used CFL
5.3 Logical framework
Regional instrument
approved.
Expected Results
June 2014
June 2014
June 2014
March 2014
June 2014
June 2014
Environmental
Ministries or Offices
Environmental
Environmental
Environmental
Environmental
Environmental
5.4.2. Identify existing collection channels

in each country for new uses for other waste
products.
5.4.3. Establish communication with
collection companies in each country to
inform them of opportunities in collecting
CFL.
5.4.4. Establish communication channels
with informal trash collectors who may be
interested in this business model.
5.4.5. Participate in courses developed by
Ambilamp Academy or others on different
environmental sound management models,
transportation and treatment of used lighting
devices, and required monitoring and
verification systems.
5.4.6. Establish alternative implementation
models to comply with corporate
responsibility models implemented by central
manufacturing offices that extend to local
producers.
5.4.7. Establish requirements for used CFL
collectors, including minimum standards for
small and large CFL collectors.
June 2014
Timeframe
EDMP
Environmental
Responsible Party
5.4.1. Review specific requirements to

manage used lighting devices by country.
Priority Activities
64
Expected Results
Priority Activities
5.4.8. Create a regional instrument to collect,

store and dispose of used devices.
Establish a system to
System to collect,
5.4.9. Elaborate a business plan establishing
collect, transport, store
transport and store
the collection channels, areas of storage,
and dispose of CFL by
CFL has been
monetary incentives, sanctions for producers
country and for the region. established in each
or distributors that do not want to participate,
country.
investment plan and financial analysis to
establish collection and storage systems in
each country.
5.4.10. Carry out a feasibility study to
establish opportunities to dispose of and reuse
waste products, such as glass, plastic and
A treatment plant for
CFL has been installed others .
and is operating in one 5.4.11. Conduct exhaustive research on
country in the region. financial support or co-financing options to
set up a treatment plant.
5.4.12. Create an online platform to publish
volumes of treated devices and kg of mercury
recovered.

order]
September
2014
June 2014
Timeframe
Environmental
January 2016
Ministries or Offices.
Environmental
September
Ministries or Offices. 2014
Environmental
June 2014
EDMP
EDMP, SICA
Responsible Party
65

Expected Results
order]
Share information with the The population is
general public on actions aware of how to
that they should take to
dispose of used CFL.
collect, transport, store
and dispose of used CFL.
Responsible Party
Timeframe
5.4.14. Identify free activities and ways to

promote the spread of information about the
small amounts of mercury contained in CFL.
Energy Offices,
June 2014
Commissions,
Councils and
Ministries and
Environmental
5.4.13. Define a promotional strategy to share Energy Offices,

June 2014
information with the general public on the
Commissions,
advantages of using CFL.
Councils and
Ministries and
Environmental
Priority Activities
5.4 Detailed Process to Implement Environmental Sound Management

Basis for the proposal
i.
2012 Annual Activity Report of the Asociacin para el Reciclaje de la Iluminacin (AMBILAMP).
ii.
Procedural Guide on managing waste from lighting devices that contain mercury, written by
the Philippines Efficient Lighting Market Transformation Project and the Philippines Office of
Environmental Management with support from GER and the UNDP.
iii.
Voluntary Ecuadorian Technical Standard NTE INEN 2632:2012 on the DISPOSAL OF PRODUCTS.
UNUSED LIGHTS. REQUIREMENTS.
iv.
Definition of the Regional Instrument by the United Nations Organization for Education, Science and
Culture
v.
Document on recycling fluorescent lights written by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
5.4.1 Elaborate a regulatory framework for a collection, transportation, storage and disposal system
for used CFL
a) Each country must review specific requirements to manage used lighting devices. This step is quite
important since each countrys requirements must be considered when developing the recycling
program.
b) Identify existing collection channels in each country to use other types of waste products, including the
identification of existing collection companies.
c) Establish communications with collection companies in each country to share with them information
about opportunities available to them in collecting CFL and create interest in their collection. These
companies will be the communication channel with informal trash collectors who may be interested in
this business model as long as it offers a competitive price. It is recommended that the waste collection
center model be included, for example. Request that in the program to replace incandescent light bulbs
with CFL that companies presenting proposals commit to recycling used CFL.
d) After identifying and having collection companies participate as regional organizations involved in
collection and storage, it is recommended that the countries participate in courses developed by the
Ambilamp Academy on environmental sound management of light waste. These courses will increase
knowledge about legal frameworks that have been developed under international conventions,
especially European Union legislation and implementation by member states. In addition, the Ambilamp
Academy has developed models for environmental sound management, transportation and disposal of
used lighting devices, as well as necessary monitoring and verification systems.
e) Following international experiences, manufacturers and/or distributors play an important role in the
collection, storage and disposal of lighting devices, in general, and especially in programs of corporate
responsibility implemented by central offices with local producers. These programs can be established
using the following options:
66
o Collecting used lights at sales points, with city garbage trucks (collection system) and with the
support of waste collection companies.
o Retailers collect used lights and then sell them to the manufacturer or distributor.
o Create a trust fund that manages taxes for the collection of used CFL.
o Charge final consumers a tax on the service life of the CFL in the retail price.
o The process to dispose of the products should be included in the retail price, and the purchase
of a new CFL should require the delivery of used CFL or an increased price if an old CFL is
not turned in.
o Companies offer discounts to consumers for turning in CFL.
f) Establish requirements for both small and large collectors of used CFL. Establish requirements to
handle and store used CFL, time limits on their storage and storage records.

The following table presents proposed requirements by the type of collector based on reviews of
international information.
Table 16. Requirements for small and large collectors
Requirements
Small Collectors
Quantity limits.
Up to 100 used CFL per year.
Amount accumulated by user. Up to 100 used CFL per year.
Time limit on storage.
Less than one year.
Basic packaging requirements to
Storage requirements.
ensure that the CFL do not break.
Registered collectors and
Transportation requirements.
transportation providers.
List of actions to follow if a CFL
Contingency plan.
breaks.
Companies should register with
the environmental authority and
Environmental permits
participate actively in training.
Become certified.
Large collectors
More than 101 used CFL per year.
More than 101 used CFL per year.
Less than one year.
Full compliance with packaging,
labeling, containers and storage.
Registered transportation
providers.
Elaborate a complete contingency
plan.
Obtain an environmental permit
from the environmental authority.
g) Create an electronic registry of light distributors and importers per country that publishes the
amount of devices imported and exported and the support they provide in collection and storage.
Following international standards, manufacturers or distributors should be registered and should
monitor support that is provided in collection, storage and disposal since part of their responsibility
is to support the system. This registry should be public and kept online on the websites of the
Environmental Ministries or Offices as stated in a resolution given by each countrys environmental
authority.
67
h)
Create a regional instrument for collecting, storing and final disposal of used lighting devices since
each country already has regulations and standards on toxic and hazardous solid waste disposal.
Propose a regional instrument for collecting, storing and final disposal of used lighting devices
that incorporates requirements from the Basel and Minamata Conventions but that also defines the
requirements necessary for the system. This instrument must be approved by the Central American
Council of Ministers of the Environment.
It is of utmost importance that the instruments establish standards that have been recognized by the
signing countries. The countries should express their consent through a specific procedure under
the terms of the agreement. It is recommended that the regional instrument include the following:
i.
Specific requirements that apply to manufacturers and importers on permanent environmental sound
management programs for used CFL.
ii.
Specific requirements that apply to consumers on the disposal of used CFL.
iii. Specific requirements that apply to retail chains in terms of safety and contingency plans, trainings
plans, communications plans, mechanisms for returns, temporary storage, treatment or final disposal,
as well as a monitoring and evaluation plan.
iv. Specific requirements for collection points of used CFL.
v.
Specific requirements for storage warehouses or transfer centers.
vi. Specific requirements for selecting storage locations and facilities.

vii. Specific requirements about the type of package, recipient and container used to collect and store
used CFL.
viii. Specific requirements for handling and temporary storage of used CFL.
ix. Specific requirements for transportation.
x.
Specific requirements for final treatment, recycling and disposal.
xi. Complementary record requirements and requirements on procedures to be followed in the case of
an accident.
5.4.2. Establish a collection, transportation, storage and disposal system for CFL for each country

and the region
a) Elaborate a business plan to organize collection channels, places of storage, monetary incentives,
sanctions against any producer or distributor that does not want to participate, an investment plan and
financial analysis to establish collection and storage systems.
b) Elaborate a business plan that establishes opportunities to treat and reuse byproducts, such as glass
and plastic, among others. In addition, an analysis on the type of organization that would manage the
plan should be done, as well as what requirements it must meet to register with the Environmental
Ministries or Offices in the countries where the treatment plan could be built. This organization could
be a private company, consortium, foundation, or other legal entity. This feasibility study should
include information on its financial potential and a financial analysis.
68
It is recommended that the business plan include the following additional information:

I. Volume of used CFL generated by country each month and each year.
II. Country where the plant should be located.
III. Average service time for CFL that will be used in the exchange program for efficient lighting.
IV. How to collect and store used CFL.
V. Country requirements on used CFL.
VI. Criteria to select the country, which should present its legal framework and compliance with
environmental legislation.
VII. Risk management system that presents general requirements on who is responsible for pollution
and types of sanctions for clients.
VIII. Documentation demonstrating the appropriate recycling of CFL.

c) Based on international experiences and corporate social responsibility plans, as well as plans presented
by international cooperation agencies, it is important to do extensive research on financial support or
co-financing to build the treatment plant. In addition, the treatment plant will generate income through
the sale of glass, plastic, metals and other materials. This financial research should be accompanied by
a business plan developed in the previous step.
d) Creation of an online platform to publish volumes of treated lighting devices and kg of mercury that
have been recovered.
5.4.3 Awareness of the general population that CFL contain small amounts of mercury and how to
handle broken CFL
a) Each country in the region should define a promotional strategy to tell the general population about the
advantages of CFL and give information about the small amounts of mercury that are contained in CFL, the
associated risks and environmental management that is being done in other countries around the world.
b) Countries should identify free activities and ways to promote knowledge about CFL having small
amounts of mercury.
c) Since the goal is to reach the residential sector and the general population, it is important that this
publicity campaign be dynamic and led by the press, television, radio, website, text messages, social
networks and pamphlets that explain the risks of mercury to people, the correct way to read CFL labels
and how to handle broken CFL. The purpose of the campaign is for it to be aligned with the CFL
collection system. The goal of the campaign is to first collect and dispose of incandescent lighting and
later share information with the public on handling mercury, emphasizing that the first stage will be
implemented residentially.
d) Request that distributors and importers include information about what to do if a CFL breaks in the inside
of the packaging lid. Each CFL point of sale should have information about the risks of mercury and how
to handle broken CFL. These communication channels at distribution centers are already being used by
manufacturers, distributors and importers; they only have to incorporate additional information.
69

Activity/Task
Communication campaign to share information about CFL containing
small amounts of mercury and how to handle a broken CFL at home.
Participation of key regional organizations in the course designed by the
Ambilamp Academy or others. Later, train the trainers.
Elaborate a business plan to establish a fund to collect and store CFL in
each country.
Create a draft regional instrument to collect, store and dispose of used
CFL.
Elaborate a business plan to create a regional treatment plant.
Create an electronic registry of CFL manufacturers and distributors.
Implement producers corporate social responsibility programs.
Create an online platform to publish data on volumes of treated CFL and
kg of recovered mercury.
70
Date
June 2014
March 2014
June 2014
September 2014
June 2014
January 2016
June 2014
October 2014
6. Impact Indicators
6.1. Impact indicators for the application of the comprehensive transition strategy to efficient
lighting
The impact of applying the comprehensive transition strategy to efficient lighting, which promotes the
substitution of inefficient lighting devices for general use with those of greater efficiency, will be reflected
through the following indicators:
1. Electricity consumption among consumers will decrease, and as a result, electricity generation and fuel
consumption for generation will also decrease.
2. The reduction in electricity generation and required fuel consumption will reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
3. The reduction in the demand for electricity among consumers during peak hours will imply a reduction
in the maximum electricity demand during peak hours, and as a result, investments in new generation
capacity will be avoided.
4. The implementation of a collection and recycling system for lighting devices with mercury will avoid
negative environmental impacts caused by the inappropriate disposal of those devices. In addition, it
will eliminate the impact of fluorescent lights (compact, linear and circline) currently in use without any
controls on final disposal.
6.2. Reducing consumption and demand of residential consumers
A reduction in energy consumption and demand from consumers who have incandescent light bulbs and,
through the transition, substitute them out for other, more efficient lights in the market, will be achieved
through:
a) All substitutions of CFL and the total that should be replaced is equal to 2012 imports, since the
service life of these light bulbs is equal to its hours of annual use.
b) The reduction in consumption is calculated assuming that the average power of an incandescent light
bulb is between 60-70 Watt, that the CFL that will replace it has a power of 12-15 Watt, and that the
average amount of use per day is four hours, which implies an average use of 6.48 kWh/month and
77.76 kWh/year.
c) The reduction in consumer demand is calculated considering that for each replacement, the power of
the new light bulb is between 48-60 Watts less than the previous one and the coincidence factor for
lights switched on during the peak hour is 45% of the total installed capacity.
71
Countries
Installed
Incandescents
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Rep.
Total regin
51,529
6,498,317
6,645,741
7,756,270
96,322
2,992,693
1,010,014
8,589,700
33,640,586
Reduced
Consumption
(GWh/year
3.7
467.9
478.5
558.5
6.9
215.5
72.7
618.5
2,422.1
Reduced
Demand
(MW)
1.3
162.5
166.1
193.9
2.4
74.8
25.3
214.7
841.0
Source: elaborating by CNPML
6.3. Reducing electricity bills of subsidized residential consumers as a result of the transition.
To determine the reduction in the average bill for a residential consumer, we started with the fact that the
replacement of an incandescent light bulb with one of higher efficiency reduces consumption by 6.48 kWh/
month, on average, and as a result, 77.76 kWh/year. That information is combined with the average price of
kWh and the average number of incandescent light bulbs in each countrys residential sector.
Countries
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras14
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Rep.
Price* for
kWh (USD/
kWh)
0.130
0.178
0.113
0.128
0.000
0.097
0.124
0.153
Incandescents
per consumer
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
4
Reduction in Bill per Consumer

Month
Year
1.69
2.31
0.73
0.83
0.00
0.63
1.60
3.96
20
28
9
10
0
8
19
48
* Average subsidized price on price lists

6.4. Reducing electricity generation and fuel consumption to reduce overall consumption
To determine the reduction in electricity generation and associated consumption, the following were
considered:
a) The reduction in residential consumption by replacing an incandescent light bulb with a CFL.
14
Since subsidized clients in Honduras do not pay for electricity, the benefit of subsitution will help maintain the range of kWh for the subsidized price.
72
b) Calculation of losses in transmission and distribution because of that consumption.

c) Assumes diesel and high efficiency fuel generators of 230 g/kWh, and consumption equals 2.5%,
except for countries that sent real numbers.
d) The generation efficiency at peak hours was estimated at 230 g per generated kWh, except for countries
that sent real numbers.
Countries
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Rep.
Total for the region
Reduction in
Consumption
(GWh/ year)
3.7
467.9
478.5
558.5
6.9
215.5
72.7
618.5
2,422.1
Loss to
Generation Reduction in
Grids
Inputs
Generation
(GWh/year) (GWh/year) (GWh/year)
0.3
0.1
4.1
65.6
12.0
545.5
65.9
12.3
556.6
82.0
14.3
654.7
2.6
0.2
9.7
68.4
5.5
289.4
10.9
1.9
85.5
333.0
15.9
967.3
605.5
62.1
3,089.8
Fuel Savings
(tons)
901.4
120,009.2
122,458.6
144,044.0
2,129.2
63,671.7
18,799.4
212,813.1
679,746.9
6.5. Savings in fuel purchases through reduced consumption

To determine savings in fuel purchases in each country and the region, the following were considered:
a) The weighted price between diesel and fuel was used because during peak hours generators using both
types of fuel are used in the region.
b) The average shipping price for the countries is 20 USD/t.
Countries
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Rep.
Unused Fuel
(tons)
Fuel Price
(USD/t)
Reduction in Fuel Bill

(billions of USD/year)
901.4
120,009.2
122,458.6
144,044.0
2,129.2
63,671.7
18,799.4
212,813.1
679,746.9
780.00
780.00
780.00
780.00
780.00
780.00
780.00
780.00
780.00
0.70
93.61
95.52
112.35
1.66
49.66
14.66
165.99
530.20
73
6.6. Reducing financing necessary for new generation capacity by reducing demand in peak hours
The reduction in financing is due to a reduction in demand during peak hours by replacing and freeing up
generation capacity, considering the following:
1. The factor of losses to transmission grids and real distribution registered in the countries in 2012 was
used. It is assumed that generators that cover this demand use diesel and fuel motors and consumption
equals 2.5%.
2. The factor of availability of new capacity that has not been installed is 90% and an avoided cost of
investment for generation is 550 USD per kW.
Countries
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Rep.
Reduction in
Demand (MW)
1.3
162.5
166.1
193.9
2.4
74.8
25.3
214.7
841.0
Generation Avoided
(MW)
(billions of USD)
1.9
1.0
231.7
127.4
237.0
130.3
276.6
152.1
3.4
1.9
106.7
58.7
36.0
19.8
306.3
168.5
1,199.5
659.7
6.7. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) from a reduction in fuel consumption used for generation.
To determine the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from a reduction in fuel consumption
used for generation, the following were considered:
a) Only CO2 emissions were considered.
b) The average emissions factor for each country in 2011 was used from ECLAC and UNEP publications.
Countries
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Rep.
74
Reduction in
Generation
(GWh/year)
4.1
545.5
556.6
654.7
9.7
289.4
85.5
967.3
3,089.8
Emissions Factor
(tons CO2 /MWh)
0.1463
0.3200
0.7300
0.6500
0.6500
0.7500
0.5600
0.7300
Reduction in
Emissions
(tons CO2/year)
599.4
174,558.8
378,397.1
425,584.4
6,290.7
217,062.6
47,853.1
706,152.6
1,956,498.8
6.8. Reducing the environmental impact of the small amount of mercury in fluorescent lighting
that has been or will be installed to replace incandescent lighting
To determine the amounts of mercury that will be collected using the collection and recycling system for
lighting devices entering the market due to the implementation of the strategy, for fluorescents that have already
been installed and for those whose final disposal is not currently controlled, the following were considered:
a) An average amount of 3.5 mg of mercury per lighting device was assumed for new CFL that will replace
incandescent light bulbs.
b) The current number of fluorescent light bulbs that are installed in each country is three times the number
imported in 2012 since the average life of a fluorescent light bulb is three years. It is assumed that the
mercury content of the installed light bulbs is 10 mg since most are linear bulbs.
Mercury to be Recovered in CFL that are Replacing Incandescent Light bulbs
Countries
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Rep.
Fluorescents to Install
(units)
51,529
6,498,317
6,645,741
7,756,270
96,322
2,992,693
1,010,014
8,589,700
33,640,586
Mercury to be
Recovered
(tons)
0.0002
0.0260
0.0266
0.0310
0.0004
0.0120
0.0040
0.0344
0.14
Mercury to be Recovered from Installed Fluorescents

Countries
Belize15
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panam
Dominican Rep.
Installed Fluorescents
(units)
N.D.
10,685,037
17,628,108
17,346,942
9,124,356
3,977,112
6,834,627
49,086,396
114,682,578
Mercury to be Recovered
(tons)
N.D.
0.13
0.21
0.21
0.11
0.05
0.08
0.59
1.38

15
No record of the number of installed CFL.
75
76
7. Financial Framework
7.1. Budget and period
To estimate the investment required to implement the regional strategy the components listed in the table below
were considered for each year. For more information about the specific activities, see Appendix 7:
COMPONENT
1. Awareness
2. Training
3. Technical assistance
4. Implementation of replacement
programs
Total cost
YEAR 1
1,756,800
328,000
540,000
17,481,366
20,106,166
AMOUNT (US$)
YEAR 2
1,756,800
YEAR 3
1,756,800
1,756,800
1,756,800
Fuente: Elaboracin por el Centro de Produccin Ms Limpia
7.2. Considerations when constructing cash flows based on savings in fuel purchases
To calculate the payback period, the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) the following
were considered:
i.
The evaluation timeframe is five years since the service life of CFL is between two and three years. The
incandescent replacement program will be carried out in Year 1, generating savings in the fuel bill of
30% in Year 2, 70% in Year 3 and 100% beginning in Year 4.
ii.
Each country will request financing from development banks for the replacement program, which will
be accompanied by an awareness campaign.
iii.
The discount rate is 5%.
iv.
The financing provided will be 80% of the total requested for the purchase of technology and working
capital. The other 20% will be covered by each country.
v.
The working capital to collect and treat the used CFL will be provided through funds from each country.
vi.
Fuel savings in the region will add up to US$530.20 million per year.
vii.
The cost of purchasing the CFL for subsidized users will be US$17,481,366, assuming a cost of
US$2.00 per CFL, which includes the cost of installation.
77
viii.
The costs associated with the project include communication costs for the first three years; the cost of
collection and treatment for Years 3, 4 and 5 are 20% of the cost of the CFL.
ix.
The amounts needed for training and technical assistance will be requested from and covered by
international cooperation agencies.
The results of the financial evaluation are:
NPV
IRR
Payback
US$ 1,290,971,833
612.60%
1.05 years
Based on the results of the fuel savings and after analyzing the NPV, it can be concluded that the desired profitability
after recovering the investment is quite attractive. Likewise, the internal rate of return is quite high, with a short payback
period. This means that the replacement and awareness programs, including the cost of collection and final disposal of
the light bulbs donated to subsidized users will be recovered in one year.
7.3. Considerations when constructing cash flows based on savings in subsidies
To calculate the payback period, the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR), the following
were considered:
i.
The evaluation timeframe is five years, since the service life of CFL is between two and three years.
ii.
The program to replace incandescent light bulbs with CFL will be implemented in Year 1, resulting in
savings of 50% of the amount of the subsidies in Year 2 and 100% beginning in Year 3.
iii.
Each country will request financing from development banks for the replacement program, which will be
accompanied by an awareness campaign, with the exception of Belize. Belize will not be included in the
campaign because it would generate a negative NPV.
iv.
The discount rate is 5%.
v.
The financing provided will be 80% of the total requested for the purchase of technology and working
capital. The other 20% will be covered by each country.
vi.
The working capital to collect and treat the used CFL will be provided through funds from each country.
vii.
Fuel savings in the region from the subsidies will add up to US$70.13 million per year.
viii.
The cost of purchasing the CFL for subsidized users will be US$17,481,366, assuming a cost of US$2.00
per CFL, which includes the cost of installation.
ix.
The costs associated with the project include communication costs for the first three years; the cost of
collection and treatment for Years 3, 4 and 5 are 20% of the cost of the CFL.
x.
The amounts needed for training and technical assistance will be requested from and covered by
international cooperation agencies
78
The results of the financial evaluation are:
NPV
IRR
Payback
US$179,489,650
238%
1.26 years
Based on the results of the reduced subsidies and after analyzing the NPV, it can be concluded that
the desired profitability after recovering the investment is quite attractive. Likewise, the internal
rate of return is quite high, with a payback period a little bit longer than that from fuel savings. This
means that the replacement and awareness programs, including the cost of collection and final disposal of the light bulbs donated to subsidized users will be recovered in less than two years.
7.4. Scenario with savings in unused fuel by country
The considerations here are the same that have been mentioned previously. The following table shows fuel
savings for each country:
Country
Reduction in fuel bill (millions of us$)
Belize
0.70
Costa Rica
93.61
El Salvador
95.52
Guatemala
112.35
Honduras
1.66
Nicaragua
49.66
Panama
14.66
Dominican Republic
165.99
Investments for the purchase of CFL for each country are shown in the following table:
Pas
Belize
Investment for
Purchase of CFL (us$)
27,156
Costa Rica
1,346,020
El Salvador
2,618,418
Guatemala
4,818,626
Honduras
1,048,336
Nicaragua
1,400,102
Panama
2,127,876
Dominican Republic
4,094,832
79
The results of the financial evaluation for each country are shown in the following table:
Country
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Republic
NPV
IRR
US$1,078,339
US$230,229,179
US$233,479,353
US$272,688,009
US$2,264,295
US$121,036,849
US$33,277,407
US$406,726,347
69%
909%
685%
557%
63%
638%
263%
741%
Payback
(years)
2.96
1.02
1.04
1.05
2.06
1.05
1.25
1.03
Based on the results of the fuel savings and after analyzing the NPV, it can be concluded that the desired
profitability after recovering the investment is quite attractive. Likewise, the internal rate of return is quite
high. The payback period is short, with the exception of Belize, which means that the program to replace incandescent lights with CFL is quite profitable.
7.5. Scenario with savings in subsidies by country
The considerations here are the same that have been mentioned previously. The following table shows savings
from subsidies that will not be delivered after the replacement program is implemented:
Country
Savings in subsidies (US$)
Belize
68,629
Costa Rica
El Salvador
10,834,442
Guatemala
24,997,584
Honduras
4,258,748
Nicaragua
5,926,716
Panama
6,245,466
Dominican Republic
17,793,731
The results of the financial evaluation for each country are shown in the following table:
Pas
NPV
IRR
Payback (years)
US$168,791
202%
1.69
El Salvador
US$27,976,287
249%
1.22
Guatemala
US$66,802,746
303%
1.15
Honduras
US$10,593,270
209%
1.37
Nicaragua
US$15,057,122
230%
1.29
Panama
US$15,135,403
190%
1.38
Dominican Republic
US$12,862,067
124%
1.83
Belize
80
Based on the results of the savings in subsidies and after analyzing the NPV, it can be concluded that the desired profitability after recovering the investment is quite attractive. Likewise, the internal rate of return is quite
high. The payback period is short, with the exception of Belize, where the cost of the awareness program was
not included since the project has a negative NPV. For the rest of the countries, the program to replace incandescent lights with CFL is quite profitable.
Costa Rica was not evaluated since the government does not provide subsidies; so no savings will be generated
from eliminating subsidies
7.6. Opportunities for Financing
Some sources of international financing are listed below:
Source of International
Financing
Justification
World Bank (WB)
This Bank has energy efficiency and renewable energy

initiatives in developing countries for projects that present
opportunities for increasing supply, improving safety, reducing
CO2 emissions and preventing energy sector crises.
Inter-American
Development Bank (IADB)
This Bank has energy efficiency and renewable energy

initiatives in developing countries for projects that present
opportunities for increasing supply, improving safety, reducing
CO2 emissions and preventing energy sector crises.
Central American Bank

for Economic Integration
(CABEI)
The CABEI has signed contracts with other international banks

to finance projects that mitigate climate change in Central
America.
Latin American
Development Bank (CAF)
Countries in Latin America receive support from the CAF

to increase environmental investments, promote low-carbon
activities and optimize support in responding to an international
sustainable development strategy. CAF provides this support
through the creation of strategies, specific programs, concrete
initiatives and innovative financing options. It has the following
specific financing products:
Financing for projects that reduce GHG.
Financing for clean energy, alternative energy and energy
efficiency projects.
Different funds to develop innovative projects.
Advanced payments for certified emissions reductions.
In addition, there are international cooperation agency programs that can contribute to and cover the costs of
project training and technical assistance. They include:
81
Support the Regional

Strategy
GIZ
USAID
UNEP
GEF
OLADE
Justification
GIZ is implementing the Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy
Efficiency (EE) program in Central America (4E), which seeks to
improve the implementation of strategies to promote RE and EE
measures, as well as investments in both areas throughout the region.
The Clean Energy program promotes a more favorable business
climate to foster the development and implementation of projects
based on renewable energy (RE) sources and reduce electricity
consumption through sustainable energy efficiency (EE) programs in
El Salvador and Central America.
The en.lighten initiative was created to accelerate the transformation
of the world market to environmentally-sustainable lighting
technologies by developing a coordinated global strategy and
technical assistance to eliminate inefficient lighting gradually.
Supports projects that save energy and reduce greenhouse gas
emissions that are avoided through the transformation of the lighting
market.
Supports projects that save energy and reduce greenhouse gas
emissions that are avoided through the transformation of the lighting
market.
7.7. Social Benefits

It is important to highlight that the replacement program will generate savings in fuel and subsidies and savings
to subsidized users.
The following table shows the savings in each country that subsidized users will have:
Pas
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Republic
Total
82
User Savings (US$)

137,257
9,322,524
9,286,890
21,636,082
0
5,274,845
10,239,390
24,349,316
80,246,305
8. Appendices
Appendix 1. Regional initiatives
Country
Initiative
Guatemala Proposal for voluntary standards on CFL, self-ballasted fluorescents and incandescent light
bulbs for domestic use and their supply.
Energy savings program: the MEM and Instituto Nacional de Electrificacin (INDE)
carried out a pilot project in the city of Estor, in the department of Izabal, to substitute 75
W incandescent light bulbs for 15 W CFL in 660 homes. The project distributed 2,640 light
bulbs to communities in that area.
Belize
Belize is one of the countries involved in the Petrocaribe initiative that installed
173,412 CFL, which reduced consumption during peak hours by 2.1 MW, representing
energy savings of 16.8 million kWh per year and an annual reduction in emissions of
10,000 tons of CO2 equivalent, or $5.6 million a year. However, without regulatory
policies on incandescent light bulbs, the sustainability of these and other measures are
questionable.
El Salvador At the end of 2011 the country launched Programa Nacional El Salvador Ahorra Energa,
PESAE, whose main objective is to promote energy efficiency. The country also has a national
energy policy and specific technical standards for fluorescent lighting.
In 2006 the Ministry of Economy implemented an efficient lighting pilot project that
substituted three CFL for incandescent light bulbs handed in by 1,000 residential consumers
at delivery points in three pilot communities.
In 2012 within the framework of the Programa de Eficiencia Energtica para Amrica Latina
y el Caribe, PALCEE, a pilot Efficient Residential Lighting project was implemented to
exchange two CFL for incandescent light bulbs to subsidized users (consuming less than 99
kWh/month) in the city of Santa Ana. Close to 2,000 users benefited with average savings of
20%. In addition, in July 2013, and thanks to the support of the AES distributors, El Salvador
and Philips implemented a second phase benefiting another 2,000 users.
The German cooperation agency, GIZ, with its Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
4E program is substituting inefficient lighting for efficient public lighting in a city in the
western part of the country. In addition, there is a technical assistance program financed by the
United States Agency for International Development, USAID, to promote the development
and implementation of projects based on renewable energy (RE) sources and that reduce
electricity consumption through sustainable energy efficiency (EE) programs in El Salvador
and Central America.
83
Country
Honduras
Nicaragua
Initiative
Beginning January 1, 2010, Honduras prohibited the import of incandescent light bulbs. In
addition, the Rational Energy Use Act, which will soon be approved, establishes labeling
for efficient equipment and designates the Standardization Office as the party responsible
for ensuring compliance with the mandatory standards.
In 2008 Honduras organized a program to substitute out incandescent light bulbs using the
Cuban methodology. Five point six eight (5.68) million CFL were installed. The Honduran
Government estimated that the installation of the CFL has saved 98 million kWh per year,
or a reduction in emissions of 72,520 tons of CO2 equivalent per year.
In 2006 Cuba transferred knowledge about its experiences to Nicaragua, where they then
organized a program to install 1.2 million CFL, equaling 57.6 million kWh of savings, or a
reduction in emissions of 41,050 tons of CO2.
In 2011, 10,000 CFL were distributed to the departments of Leon and Managua. In addition,
1,360 LED lamps were distributed.
Costa Rica
In 2012, 3,000 CFL were substituted in five communities in Leon through the PALCEE
Program and 3,000 CFL were given out to low-income neighborhoods in Masaya in
February 2013. The MEM initiative, with support from China, distributed 33,000 CFL in
the western part of the country (Leon and Chinandega)
Costa Rica has a laboratory with accredited testing methodologies that belongs to Instituto
Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE), which was accredited by Costa Ricas accreditation
authority, Ente Costarricense de Acreditacin (ECA), to conduct lighting tests to determine
the electrical, chromatic and photometric specifications of high pressure sodium lights and
CFL.
Costa Rica has the EnergICE seal of energy efficiency given by the certifying agency of the
accredited product. In the case of ICEs seal EnergICE the Instituto de Normas Tcnicas
de Costa Rica (INTECO) is responsible for that certification.
In 2008 the efficient lighting program for residential areas was implemented. The initiative
offered three CFL to the population after paying for two, with the third light bulb financed by
the Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad. In February 2009 they had sold 1,475,224 units
of CFL, representing energy savings of 11,902 , or a reduction in emissions of 1,547 tons of
CO2.
In addition, the country has campaigns that first gave away a number of CFL and later charged
for them at cost through electricity bills.
84
Country
Panama
Initiative
In 2008 Panama organized a program to exchange light bulbs using the Cuban methodology
with Cuban advisors. They installed 2,993,154 units of CFL, saving 2.55 billion kWh
annually and reducing emissions by 145,000 tons of CO2.
Panama also has an educational and training program for the public on how to handle CFL
at the end of their service life.
Dominican
Republic
Beginning January 1, 2014, the sale and import of incandescent light bulbs has been
prohibited in Panama due to their high energy costs and environmental impacts. The
decision was part of guidelines presented in the new national energy policy set forth in
Law No. 69 from October 12, 2012, on rational and efficient energy use.
In 2009 the Dominican Republic acquired 13 million CFL and organized a program to
exchange incandescent light bulbs. Dominican authorities cited a reduction in demand
during peak hours. The total cost of the project was $25 million.
Currently, part of the Dominican Governments institutional goals is changing lighting for
all public buildings to efficient lighting to reduce electricity consumption by 10% for those
institutions. The project will be implemented by the Comisin Nacional de Energa.
Appendix 2. Regional legal framework on lighting efficiency

Country
Belize
Guatemala
Type of
Legislation
N/D
Technical
standard
Technical
standard
Name of the Legislation
Summary
No registered initiative.
Proposed standard
COGUANOR NTG 20003
Lighting: energy efficiency
for self-ballasted CFL light
bulbs.
Testing methodology to
determine the electrical and
photometric measurements
of compact and circline
fluorescents with a single
base (COGUANOR NTG
21015).
N/D
To standardize and regulate
self-ballasted CFL light bulbs.
The standard establishes a testing

methodology to determine electrical
and photometric measurements.
85
Country
El Salvador
Type of
Legislation
Technical
standard
(2004).
Technical
standard
(2009).
Technical
standard
(2010).
Honduras
Technical
standard
(2011).
Law
(2007).
86
Summary
MSS 29.39.01:04
This standard specifies the range

of performance and informational
labeling features for fluorescent light
energy efficiency.
Double-based fluorescent
lights, energy performance
and labeling requirements.
MSS 29.47.01:09 Energy
efficiency and safety for CFL,
energy performance and
labeling requirements.
NSR 25.47.05:09
determine the electrical and
for compact and circline
fluorescents with a single
base.
OHN 9:2011 and OHN
10:2011 Energy efficiency
for self-ballasted CFL,
requirements and labeling.
Decree 112-2007.
Substitution of Incandescent
Light bulbs to Fluorescents
Act.
This standard establishes the

minimum efficiency limits and
energy efficiency classification for
CFL, safety specifications for users,
applicable testing methodologies
to verify those specifications, and
the type of information that those
products must have.
This standard describes procedures
to be followed, warnings for
uniform use following electrical and
photometric characteristics.
Establishes MEPS for self-ballasted

fluorescents and labeling.
Beginning January 1, 2008,
government institutions must
purchase fluorescent lights.
Beginning January 1, 2010,
the purchase/sale and import
of incandescent light bulbs are
prohibited.
Country
Nicaragua
Type of
Legislation
Technical
standard
(2008).
Technical
standard
(2008).
Costa Rica
Regulation
(2000).
Summary
NTON 10 008 08:

Energy efficiency.
Self-ballasted CFL.
Efficiency requirements.
Establishes minimum efficiency

limits for self-ballasted CFL; also
serves as an energy policy instrument
to promote more efficient energy use
in lighting.
NTON 10 009 08: Energy

efficiency. Self-ballasted
CFL. Classification and
labeling.
Decree No. 29820
MINAE-H-MEIC, October
2000.
Establishes a methodology to classify

self-ballasted CFL based on energy
efficiency and market characteristics,
as well as labeling
Define minimum energy efficiency
values for linear, compact and
circline fluorescent lighting, under the
Regulation of Rational Energy Use
Act, Law No. 7447.

RTCR 376:2000
Technical
standard
(2008-2011).
Regulation for fluorescent

lighting.
INTE 28-01-07-2008
Establishes the MEPS for compact

and circline fluorescent lights and
Energy efficiency for compact their labeling.
and circline fluorescent lights,
performance ranges.
INTE 28-01-08-2008.
Technical
standard
(2009).
Energy efficiency for compact

and circline fluorescent lights,
labeling.
INTE 28-01-09-2008
Establishes the methodology to be
used for electrical and photometric
measurements of compact and
determine electrical and
circline fluorescent lights with a
single base.
of compact and circline
fluorescent lights with a
single base.
87
Country
Panam
Type of
Legislation
Law
(2012).
Dominican
Republic
Law under
consideration.
Technical
standard.
Summary
Law No. 69 from October

12, 2012, that establishes
the national policy for
efficient energy use. Index
Management Committee.
Project for the Energy
Efficiency and Resource
Savings Law.
The Committee will create energy

efficiency indices for all types of
equipment and suggest timeframes to
enforce compliance.
Technical Standard on
Labeling 29.3L
NORDOM 29 003 03.
Technical
standard.
Technical Standard on
Labeling 29.3L
NORDOM 29 003 03.
The purpose of the law is to create

a framework for better energy
efficiency, establish a national savings
system, decrease dependence on
fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and foster a culture of
energy efficiency.
Establishes the classification and
characteristics of labeling for
self-ballasted CFL.
Establishes minimum standards for

energy efficiency of self-ballasted
CFL.
Appendix 3. References to international free trade agreements related to transitions to efficient lighting
1. Free trade agreement between Chile and the United States. This bilateral agreement led to the creation of
the Chile-United States Energy Council, which explores and defines business opportunities between both
countries in the clean and efficient energy sectors. http://www.amchamchile.cl/consejo-empresarial

Today Chile has energy efficiency standards and regulations for lighting products.
2. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Chapter 6 focuses on the energy sector. Articles 904 and
907 establish mechanisms for each party (Mexico, the United States and Canada) to set levels of protection
they deem appropriate to protect the environment, health and human, animal or plant life by prohibiting
the import of a good. These Articles are the basis through which these parties have had the freedom to
establish processes to prohibit incandescent and halogen lights gradually. See the following link for more
information on NAFTA:

http://www.sice.oas.org/trade/nafta_s/indice1.asp
It is important to note that beginning January 1, 2014, the sale of incandescent light bulbs is prohibited in
Mexico.

http://www.cnnexpansion.com/economia/2013/05/30/mexico-prohibira-focos-incandescentes
3. Agreement among Tunisia and the EU, and Jordan and the EU. Both Tunisia and Jordan have developed
efficient lighting strategies with support from the UNEPs en.lighten initiative. Their strategies are
88
comprehensive in nature, like Central Americas. In the chapter on minimum efficiency standards, both
countries seek to harmonize their minimum standards with those of the EU.

For more information on the bilateral agreements between these countries and the EU, see the following
links:
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/tunisia/
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/jordan/
Appendix 4. Global MEPS for efficient lighting

Many countries have minimum standards for lighting products. The following map shows countries in red that
already have MEPS.
Illustration 4. Countries with efficient lighting regulations
Source: Presentation from Gustavo Maez, en.Lighten, UNEP
European Union
Another important precedent is the European Unions energy efficiency policy in its Action Plan for Energy
Efficiency. The First Priority Action was defined as the labeling of devices and equipment and minimum
energy performance standards for 14 priority devices, including residential lighting. In fact, Directive 2009/125/
CE of the European Parliament and Council from October 21, 2009, which creates a framework to establish
ecological design requirements, defined a MEPS implementation schedule for residential lighting that entered
into effect in September 2009.
89
Based on the European Unions standards, incandescent lamps will begin to be taken off the market, starting
with the 100 W version, in 2009; this power limit will be reduced gradually until 2012 when no incandescent
lights of any power will be allowed to be produced or sold.
The energy and environmental benefits, according to the European Commission, are the reduction of some
15 million tons of CO2 per year, and the reduction of between 10 and 15% of total residential electricity use,
which represents 40 billion kWh per year across the EU (in other words, approximately the annual energy
consumption of one country, like Romania). In terms of economic benefits, it is calculated that the EU will save
between 5 and 10 billion Euros a year by implementing these standards.
United States of America
Federal legislation:
In December 2007 the United States Congress passed the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
that was designed to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, while making the US less dependent
upon foreign energy.
This Law gradually eliminates incandescent lights. The original schedule was the following:

Elimination of inefficient light bulbs 100 W: January 1, 2012 (delayed to October 2012).
Elimination of inefficient light bulbs of 75 W: January 1, 2013.
Elimination of inefficient light bulbs of 60 W and 40 W: January 1, 2014.
State legislation:
California: Based on federal law, the state of California advanced the implementation of the standards
to January 1, 2011.
By advancing implementation by half a year, Californias Energy Commission estimated that it would
avoid the sale of 10.5 million incandescent light bulbs, which would translate into savings of $35.6
million in electricity bills. In addition, the Commission calculated that by 2013 the maximum demand
for electricity would decrease by 64 MW, generating savings of close to 926 GWh.
Connecticut: Proposal No. 6550 from January 2007 of the General Assembly of the State of Connecticut
proposed authorizing the Environmental Protection Commission to establish limits on energy use for
China
In November 2011 China announced that they would prohibit the sale and import of 100 W incandescent light
bulbs beginning in October 2012 and gradually expand to other powers. Beginning in October 2014, 60 W light
bulbs and higher will be prohibited. In October 2016 all incandescent light bulbs have to be removed from the
Chinese market.
90
Australia
According to Australian Standard AS 4934.2-2011, beginning February 1, 2009, the import of incandescent
light bulbs was prohibited in the country. The sale of those light bulbs was prohibited starting November 1,
2009. This restriction applied to incandescent lighting for general use with powers between 40 W and 100 W.
Decorative lights above 40 W became prohibited in October 2010 and light bulbs over 25 W were prohibited
starting in October 2012. .
Canada
The elimination of Canadas incandescent light bulbs is based on the Energy Efficiency Regulations
authorized in the 1992 Energy Efficiency Act. The standard for general service lighting is contained in
the amendment to the Regulations, which were first published in December 2008 and later modified and
republished in November 2011.
The approved schedule was the following:
Light bulbs between 75 W and 100 W: January 1, 2014.
Light bulbs with power greater than or equal to 40 W and less than 75 W: December 31, 2014.
Argentina
Law No 26.473 from January 2009 prohibits the import and sale of incandescent light bulbs for general
residential use throughout the country beginning December 31, 2010.
Mexico
The Official Mexican Standard NOM-028- ENER-2010 established limits for general lighting devices, as
published in Mexicos official paper on December 6, 2010.
This standard establishes minimum efficiency standards for incandescent light bulbs, halogen incandescent
lights and self-ballasted CFL.
The schedule set forth that incandescent light bulbs with 100 W or more could not be sold with efficiency less
than 20.69 lm/W beginning December 31, 2011.
Incandescent light bulbs 75 W or more could not be sold with an efficiency less than 19.81 lm/W beginning
December 31, 2012.
Incandescent light bulbs of 60 W and 40 W could not be sold with efficiency less than 17.44 and 14 lm/W,
respectively, beginning December 31, 2013.
Brazil
The Inter-Ministry Decree No 1.007, from December 31, 2010, defines minimum energy efficiency levels for
incandescent lights. This regulation defines minimum efficiency levels that incandescent lights have to meet
for the different powers available in the market. They started with powers above 150 W in June 2012 and are
adding others until reaching 25 W in 2016.
91
Colombia
The Ministry of Mining and Energys Decree No. 3450 from September 2008 sets forth measures for rational
and energy efficient energy use, defining minimum efficiency standards, service life and other technical
specifications for lighting sources that should be used based on the technological development and market
conditions of those products. These conditions were defined later in the Technical Regulation on Lighting and
Public Light from 2009. However, these specifications functioned during a transition period, since the Decree
itself mentioned that beginning January 1, 2011, Colombia would no longer allow the import, distribution, sale
and use of low luminous efficiency lighting devices.
Cuba
In 2005 the Government of Cuba replaced all incandescent lights that existed on the island with CFL as
part of its Energy Revolution campaign. With this change, Cuba became the first country in the world to
eliminate incandescent light bulbs. In addition, Resolution 190 of the Ministry of Foreign Trade from April
2005 prohibited the import of incandescent light bulbs and tubes.
Appendix 5. Proposed communications plan for the regional strategy on transitioning to efficient lighting
BACKGROUND
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), together
with the private sector, have launched the en.lighten initiative as the umbrella organization to promote lighting
efficiency around the world. The main goal of this initiative is to transform the worlds current lighting market
to efficient lighting by promoting energy efficient and high performing lighting technologies and eliminating
sources of inefficient lighting.
Within the framework of activities promoted by the en.lighten initiative, the UNEP and Latin American Energy
Organization (OLADE) came together to organize the IV Seminar on Energy Efficiency for Latin America and
the Caribbean in August 2011. Representatives from the Ministries of Environment and Energy of the different
participating Latin American countries had the chance to discover the benefits of transition to efficient lighting
and learned about experiences from other countries that had already started the transition process. During the
Seminar, the Ministers of Central America expressed their interest in the en.lighten initiative, their need for
technical assistance and their commitment to the UNEP to develop a strategy to transition to efficient lighting
in the region.
To develop the regional strategy, the UNEP, together with its regional partners: the Mesoamerica Project, the
Central American Integration System, the Central American Commission for Environment and Development
and the Mexican Electric Power Saving Trust Fund, agreed to a work plan that included four stages: a) planning
and preparing activities; b) launch workshops; c) developing the regional strategy document; and d) completion
and adoption.
The following two main activities were developed as part of the planning and preparation stage:
1. A planning workshop with authorities from the environmental and energy sectors on November 28 and 29,
2012, in Mexico City. The main result was the collection of inputs that were used as the basis for the Guidelines
for the Strategy on Efficient Lighting document.
92
2. A Report on the current situation in Central America in terms of efficient lighting, which presented detailed
information on the regions current status and included its strengths that could contribute to developing the
transition to efficient lighting process, as well as opportunities for solutions to the main obstacles identified
across the region.
The Guidelines and Report on the Current Situation were presented and discussed in a launch workshop for the
region held February 26 and 27, 2013, in San Salvador, El Salvador.
Prior to the preparation for the Strategy, national workshops were held in each country to share the guidelines
that were considered the basis for the Strategy.
On October 13 in Costa Rica, the proposed Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy for Central America will be
presented.
OBJECTIVES
General objective
Define a national promotion strategy that allows the population to understand how energy efficiency can be
achieved using CFL in residences, that CFL have small amounts of mercury, the associated risks and collection,
storage and treatment systems.
Specific objectives
Identify free activities and promotion channels
Establish strategic alliances to facilitate sharing and promoting the regional strategy
Look for financing with international organizations to carry out a dynamic publicity campaign.
DESCRIPTION OF THE STRATEGY
Name:
Sharing the Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy
General description
The Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy has four essential components:
- Minimum energy performance standards (MEPS).
- Support policies and mechanisms.
- Monitoring, verification and enforcement.
- Sustainable environmental management
All of these components should be shared through a publicity campaign, especially the MEPS, incentive
programs and actions to be taken to mitigate the risk of mercury in a broken light bulb .
93
Potential participants
General public, especially residential areas.
PROMOTION
Slogan
Define the slogan for each country, since countries use different words for light bulb
Strategic alliances
To gain support to promote and disseminate the Regional Strategy, it is recommended that a group of strategic
alliances with institutions in the public and private sector be formed, including:
-
To gain support to promote and disseminate the Regional Strategy, it is recommended that a group of
strategic alliances with institutions in the public and private sector be formed, including:
Private company associations.
Second tier banks
Commercial banks
Ministries of Environment, Economy, Trade and Public Health.
CFL manufacturers and distributors
Energy distributors.
Activities to support the strategic alliances

Specific activities to support the strategic alliance include:
N
1
2
ACTIVITIES
Links referencing the Regional Strategy on their websites.
Space for information about the Regional Strategy on their websites.
Sponsorship for announcements in newspapers, on the radio and/
or television.
Free promotional space in their business magazines, electronic
newsletters and other publications during 2014, 2015 and 2016.
Strategic Partners
All partners
All partners
Sponsorship for small informational meetings with the press.
Space to promote the Regional Strategy at institutional events.
Manufacturers and
distributors
All partners
Distribution of promotional materials.
All partners
3
4
94
All partners
All partners
Promotion activities and contact strategies

General strategy to reach the population
Conduct massive promotion through the following promotional and awareness activities:
Activities
Promote the Regional
Strategy in free publicity
spaces in the radio, press,
magazines and television
based on communication
channels that have been
identified.
Hold a press conference
to promote the Regional
Strategy (break for press).
Local/Press
Radio, press
and television
Create a Facebook account

Internet
and send invitations to the
public to join the page.
N/A
Request that associations,
banks and other key institutions share information about
the Regional Strategy.
Date
Based on scheduling
provided by specific
press between January/14
and January/16
January/14, March/14,
June/14, October/14,
December/14,
January/15, March/15,
June/15, October/15,
December/15,
January/14
Responsible party
Representatives from
the radio, press and
television
January/14
Contact strategy with press to request space for free publicity.

1. Identify press with access to most of the population.
2. Write a letter requesting publicity space to promote the Regional Strategy.
3. Make first contact through an emailed letter to the identified press. Later, make direct contact to
solicit free spaces.
4. Confirm spaces given to come up with an interview program.
5. Elaborate a budget for a paid publicity campaign. It is recommended to include press, radio
(radio spot, giveaways, among others), television (television spots, especially from 7:00
pm to 9:00 pm), advertising panels along the main streets in each country, text messages,
Facebook and Twitter. This campaign should be permanent, increasing the number of radio and
television spots, newspaper announcements and advertising panels in March, June, October
and December.
95
EXPECTED RESULTS
Database of manufacturers and distributors that will support the paid publicity.
Database of distributors that will support the paid publicity.
Database of free promotional press.
At least five free publications on the radio, press, business magazines or television per quarter.
At least five paid publications on the radio, press, business magazines or television per month.
Appendix 6. Preliminary proposal to be evaluated by experts on sanctions that should be applied when
supervising compliance with approved minimum standards
a) Measures and sanctions to apply for the sale of NON standardized lighting devices or devices with labeling
and seal information inferior to those appearing in the standardization certification
First offense.
I. Take note of the existence of lighting device models with violations in the inventory and write a
decommission act that will be implemented as soon as possible.
Repeat offenses.
II. Take note of the existence of lighting device models with violations in the inventory and write a
III. Publicly announce the decommissioned lighting devices, the institution responsible for selling them
and the supplier. This sanction will not absolve the responsible party from any other infraction committed
when importing lighting devices into the country.
b) Measures and sanctions to apply for the detection of NON standardized lighting devices being imported
or exported at the border by producers
First offense.
I. Do not authorize the entrance of the non-standardized lighting devices into the country, and, in cases in
which the seller or buyer of the devices so requests, allow for them to be stored In Bond, at the cost of the
seller/buyer, for a maximum period of ninety days so that the standardization process may be completed
and give the seller/buyer the right, before the end of the period, to resubmit the paperwork to introduce the
merchandise into the country as if it were the first time, subject to the detection of any violation, to which
the corresponding sanctions will be applied.
Repeat Offenses.
II. Take note of the existence of lighting device models with violations in the inventory and write a
and the supplier. This sanction will not absolve the responsible party from any other infraction committed
when importing lighting devices into the country.
96
c) Measures and sanctions to apply for the detection of standardized lighting devices being imported or
exported at the border by producers, but that differ from the specifications listed on their labels, on
their base or with reference to the Mesoamerica Award, which do not correspond to the standardization
certification
First Offense.
I. Do not authorize the entrance of the non-standardized lighting devices into the country, and, in cases in
which the seller or buyer of the devices so requests, allow for them to be stored In Bond, at the cost of the
seller/buyer, for a maximum period of sixty days to change the packaging or base of the lighting device so
that it complies with the certified specifications, and give the seller/buyer the right, before the end of the
period, to resubmit the paperwork to introduce the merchandise into the country as if it were the first time,
subject to the detection of any violation, to which the corresponding sanctions will be applied.
Repeat Offenses.
II. In the case in which the buyer or seller has received a sanction for this violation, a decommissioned
act will be written for the entire lot of the lighting device model with the violation, as soon as possible.
and the supplier.
d) Measures and sanctions to apply for the detection of standardized lighting devices with correct records
according to the specifications listed on their labels, on their base, being imported or exported at the
border by producers, and that the verification of the sample in the laboratory shows differences that their
true values are lower than what appears on the certified packaging.

Specifications of the sample are lower than the standard but higher than those established as minimum
energy performance standards.
First Offense.
The supplier must deliver within ninety days of having received notification of the detected violation,
the amount of lighting devices missing from the supply, calculated using the real lumen that should be
registered according to the standardized efficiency specifications and those that the sample randomly
selected for inspection measured. The calculation methodology for the lighting devices that the supplier
must submit is attached.
Repeat Offenses.
The standardization certification will be cancelled for that lighting device model, and if it is detected
on the market for sale, the corresponding sanction for that violation (selling non standardized lighting
devices) described in the enforcement system will be applied.
Specifications of the sample are lower than the standard, and at least one of the minimum established
energy efficiency standards has not been met.
97
98
AWARENESS
Publicity campaign
5,270,400
SUBTOTAL
5,270,400
TRAINING
Regulations
153,600
Collection, storage,
174,400
recycling
SUBTOTAL
328,000
TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE
CATR Lighting
30,000
Communications
30,000
strategy
Laboratory capacity
45,000
Replacement
30,000
program
Proposed
public-private
30,000
alliance
Business plan. Data
150,000
collection by country
Related regional
25,000
instrument
Business plan.
30,000
Treatment plant
Award
10,000
REGIONAL
COST (US$)
ACTIVITY
Appendix 7. Budget
153,600
174,400
328,000
30,000
30,000
45,000
30,000
30,000
150,000
25,000
30,000
10,000
INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION
1,756,800
1,756,800
COUNTRIES
YEAR 1
1,756,800
1,756,800
COUNTRIES
INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION
YEAR 2
1,756,800
1,756,800
COUNTRIES
INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION
YEAR 3
99
Importer registry
80,000
Online importer
80,000
registry
Subtotal
540,000
IMPLEMENTATION
Replace incandescent
17,481,366
light bulbs with CFL
SUBTOTAL
17,481,366
TOTAL
23,619,766
REGIONAL
COST (US$)
ACTIVITY
17,481,366
19,238,166
0
868,000
540,000
80,000
80,000
INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION
COUNTRIES
YEAR 1
0
1,756,800
COUNTRIES
0
0
INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION
YEAR 2
0
1,756,800
COUNTRIES
0
0
INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION
YEAR 3
100
NPV
IRR
Payback
Decrease for subsidies

Fixed costs
Collection and treatment costs
Interest and amortizations
Investment in purchase of CFL
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
US$179,489,650
238%
1.26 years
-17,481,366
-1,756,800
15,390,533
-3,847,633
1,290,971,833
612.60%
1.05 years
NPV
IRR
Payback
Scenario with savings in subsidies with financing
-17,481,366
-1,756,800
15,390,533
-3,847,633
Decrease for fuel use

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
Scenario with savings in unused fuel with financing
Appendix 8. Regional scenarios using financial resources
26,488,898
-2,526,327
1.26
-1,165,424
-5,651,535
2
35,062,658
-1,756,800
150,486,240
-2,526,327
1
0
-1,756,800
-769,527
-1,165,424
-5,651,535
2
159,060,000
-1,756,800
-769,527
1
0
-1,756,800
63,308,355
1,756,800
3
70,125,315
-1,756,800
-1,165,424
-5,651,535
364,323,040
1,756,800
3
371,140,000
-1,756,800
-1,165,424
-5,651,535
0
63,308,355
4
70,125,315
0
-1,165,424
-5,651,535
0
523,383,040
4
530,200,000
0
-1,165,424
-5,651,535
70,125,315
1,165,424
5
70,125,315
0
-1,165,424
530,200,000
1,165,424
5
530,200,000
0
-1,165,424
101
-27,156
0
21,725
-5,431
168,791
2
1.69 years
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
US$1,078,339
69%
2.96 years
-27,156
-219,600
197,405
-49,351
Belize with savings in subsidies with financing
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
-1,810
24,527
-1,086
-7,978
-1,086
0
2
34,315
0
-83,899
-229,470
1
0
-1,810
-72,489
2
210,000
-219,600
-9,870
1
0
-219,600
Appendix 9. Scenarios by country, using financial resources

Belize with savings in unused fuel with financing
58,841
3
68,629
0
-1,810
-7,978
415,701
219,600
3
490,000
-219,600
-1,810
-72,489
0
58,841
4
68,629
0
-1,810
-7,978
0
625,701
4
700,000
0
-1,810
-72,489
68,629
1,810
5
68,629
0
-1,810
700,000
1,810
5
700,000
0
-1,810
102
-1,346,020
-219,600
1,252,496
-313,124
-2,618,418
-219,600
2,270,414
-567,604
233,479,353
685%
1.04 years
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
US$230,229,179
909%
1.02 years
El Salvador with savings in unused fuel with financing
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
Costa Rica with savings in unused fuel with financing
-174,561
27,428,123
-333,121
-833,716
0
-113,521
2
28,656,000
-219,600
27,313,738
-282,225
1
0
-219,600
-89,735
-459,927
2
28,083,000
-219,600
-62,625
1
0
-219,600
65,855,723
219,600
3
66,864,000
-219,600
-174,561
-833,716
64,977,338
219,600
3
65,527,000
-219,600
-89,735
-459,927
0
94,511,723
4
95,520,000
0
-174,561
-833,716
0
93,060,338
4
93,610,000
0
-89,735
-459,927
95,520,000
174,561
5
95,520,000
0
-174,561
93,610,000
89,735
5
93,610,000
0
-89,735
103
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
US$272,688,009
557%
1.05 years
-4,818,626
-219,600
4,030,581
-1,007,645
US$27,976,287
249%
1.22 years
-2,618,418
-219,600
2,270,414
-567,604
Guatemala with savings in unused fuel with financing
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
El Salvador with savings in subsidies with financing
-321,242
31,684,094
-421,129
-1,480,064
0
-201,529
2
33,705,000
-219,600
4,189,344
-333,121
1
0
-219,600
-174,561
-833,716
2
5,417,221
-219,600
-113,521
1
0
-219,600
76,843,694
219,600
3
78,645,000
-219,600
-321,242
-1,480,064
9,826,165
219,600
3
10,834,442
-219,600
-174,561
-833,716
0
110,548,694
4
112,350,000
0
-321,242
-1,480,064
0
9,826,165
4
10,834,442
0
-174,561
-833,716
112,350,000
321,242
5
112,350,000
0
-321,242
10,834,442
174,561
5
10,834,442
0
-174,561
104
-1,048,336
-219,600
1,014,349
-253,587
US$2,264,295
63%
2.06 years
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
US$66,802,746
303%
1.15 years
-4,818,626
-219,600
4,030,581
-1,007,645
Honduras with savings in unused fuel with financing
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
Guatemala with savings in subsidies with financing
-69,889
-163,967
-270,317
-372,478
0
-50,717
2
498,000
-219,600
10,477,886
-421,129
1
0
-219,600
-321,242
-1,480,064
2
12,498,792
-219,600
-201,529
1
0
-219,600
719,633
219,600
3
1,162,000
-219,600
-69,889
-372,478
23,196,278
219,600
3
24,997,584
-219,600
-321,242
-1,480,064
0
1,217,633
4
1,660,000
0
-69,889
-372,478
0
23,196,278
4
24,997,584
0
-321,242
-1,480,064
1,660,000
69,889
5
1,660,000
0
-69,889
24,997,584
321,242
5
24,997,584
0
-321,242
105
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
US$121,036,849
638%
1.05 years
-1,400,102
-219,600
1,295,762
-323,940
US$10,593,270
209%
1.38 years
-1,048,336
-219,600
1,014,349
-253,587
Nicaragua with savings in unused fuel with financing
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
Honduras with savings in subsidies with financing
-93,340
14,109,245
-284,388
-475,815
0
-64,788
2
14,898,000
-219,600
1,467,407
-270,317
1
0
-219,600
-69,889
-372,478
2
2,129,374
-219,600
-50,717
1
0
-219,600
34,192,845
219,600
3
34,762,000
-219,600
-93,340
-475,815
3,816,381
219,600
3
4,258,748
-219,600
-69,889
-372,478
0
49,090,845
4
49,660,000
0
-93,340
-475,815
0
3,816,381
4
4,258,748
0
-69,889
-372,478
49,660,000
93,340
5
49,660,000
0
-93,340
4,258,748
69,889
5
4,258,748
0
-69,889
106
-2,127,876
-219,600
1,877,981
-469,495
US$33,277,407
263%
1.25 years
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
US$15,057,122
230%
1.29 years
NPV
IRR
Payback
Panama with savings in unused fuel with financing
-1,400,102
-219,600
1,295,762
-323,940

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
Nicaragua with savings in subsidies with financing
-141,858
3,346,931
-313,499
-689,611
0
-93,899
2
4,398,000
-219,600
2,174,603
-284,388
1
0
-219,600
-93,340
-475,815
2
2,963,358
-219,600
-64,788
1
0
-219,600
9,430,531
219,600
-219,600
-141,858
-689,611
5,357,561
219,600
3
5,926,716
-219,600
-93,340
-475,815
0
13,828,531
4
14,660,000
0
-141,858
-689,611
0
5,357,561
4
5,926,716
0
-93,340
-475,815
14,660,000
141,858
5
14,660,000
0
-141,858
5,926,716
93,340
5
5,926,716
0
-93,340
107
US$15,135,403
190%
1.38 years
NPV
IRR
Payback
NPV
IRR
Payback
US$406,726,347
741%
1.03 years
Dominican Republic with savings in unused fuel with financing

0
Fixed costs

-4,094,832
Working capital
-219,600
Loan
3,451,546
Cash flow
-862,886
-2,127,876
-219,600
1,877,981
-469,495

Fixed costs
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
Panama with savings in subsidies with financing
219,600
2
49,797,000
-219,600
-1,267,437
-272,989
48,036,974
-172,577
0
-392,177
114,652,574
219,600
3
116,193,000
-219,600
-272,989
-1,267,437
2,071,664 5,413,997
-141,858
2
3
3,122,733 6,245,466
-219,600 -219,600
-141,858
-689,611 -689,611
1
0
-219,600
-313,499
-93,899
1
0
-219,600
0
164,449,574
4
165,990,000
0
-272,989
-1,267,437
0
5,413,997
4
6,245,466
0
-141,858
-689,611
165,990,000
272,989
5
165,990,000
0
-272,989
6,245,466
141,858
5
6,245,466
0
-141,858
108
-4,094,832
-219,600
3,451,546
-862,886
US$12,862,067
124%
1.83 years
Working capital
Loan
Cash flow
NPV
IRR
Payback

Fixed costs
Dominican Republic with savings in subsidies with financing
0
1,635,696
-392,177
-1,267,437
2
3,122,733
-219,600
-172,577
1
0
-219,600
4,705,040
219,600
3
6,245,466
-219,600
-272,989
-1,267,437
0
4,705,040
4
6,245,466
0
-272,989
-1,267,437
5,972,477
5
6,245,466
0
-272,989
Appendix 10. Minutes of meeting of Energy Ministers of Mesoamerica
109
110
111
112
113
Appendix 11. Minutes of approval of the
114
115
116
Urb. Madre Selva II, Pasaje E Sur No. 11, Antiguo Cuscatln, El Salvador.
Tels.: (503) 2246-0815, (503) 2246-0816/17 Fax: (503) 2246-0820
www.proyectomesoamerica.org

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