ADVANCED BOILING WATER REACTOR

Hitachi Advanced Boiling Water Reactor - The Ultimate in Performance and Cost Efficiency
Implementation of ABWR Technology by Hitachi

Based on extensive operating experience, Boiling Water Reactor, or BWR technology, has been steadily

Year

1978

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

improved and standardized in joint research and development projects with utility companies. Hitachi
utilized favorable BWR operating experience and the characteristics of this technology to the fullest in

Feasibility
study

order to develop safer and more economical ABWR(Advanced Boiling Water Reactor) technology and

Basic design

Rationalized
design

perform the basic design, completing these in 1985.Currentiy, Hitachi is proceeding with the
Kashiwazaki Kariwa unit No.6 and No.7 construction project for the Tokyo Electric Power Company,
which will be the first ABWR in the world.

Detailed
design

Development test, verification tests

Improvement and Standardization

Program, Phase

001012

Implementation of Kashiwazaki Kariwa Unit No.6 and 7

Establishment Permit Construction Permit Construction

Overall System Improved by New Design Concept,

Enhancing Comprehensive Characteristics of Plant
Hitachi developed the ABWR technology
jointly with General Electric Company of the
U.S. and Toshiba Corporation of Japan,
receiving the guidance and support of utility
companies using boiling water reactors.
During the development, proven
technology in the U.S. and Europe was
added to a base of improved and
standardized BWR technology already
verified at existing facilities. The first
objective for the new plant technology was
maximizing BWR characteristics of
outstanding safety and operating efficiency.
ABWR has the following technical features:
(1)High capacity and high efficiency,
(2)Improved reactor core,(3)Recirculation
system with internal pumps,(4)Fine motion
control rod drive mechanism,(5)Three
separate emergency core cooling systems
and (6)Reinforced concrete containment
vessel.These and other features guarantee
high reactor system performance and
safety, make it compact and easy-to-use
and provide an efficient turbine system and
other superior characteristics for the overall
plant.

Fine motion rod drive

mechanism(FMCRD)

Internal pump

Unit developed(December,1983)

001012

Moisture separator and heater

Turbine with 52 inch last stage blade

Reinforced concrete containment vessel

(RCCV)

for Kashiwazaki Kariwa Unit 6

Experimental rotors
Left :60Hz(July1986) Right :50Hz(February1985)

RCCV Upper Drywell Liner of Kashiwazaki

Kariwa Unit 7 under loading

Dramatic Improvement of Operability and Safety Through System/Equipment

Simplification, More Advanced Functions and Compact Building
The development objectives of
improved safety and operability,
reduced dose equivalent and
enhanced cost efficiency were
achieved by utilizing the characteristics
of the ABWR technology to the fullest.

Enhanced
Safety

Higher
Operability

Superior
Overall Plant
Characteristics
Reduced
Dose
Equivalent

Reduced
Construction
Costs

Enhanced
Cost
Efficiency
Reduced
Operating
Costs

001012

System Simplification

Adoption of internal pump

Optimization of
Emergency Core
Cooling Systems

Three separate emergency core cooling systems

Redundant Control
Rod Drive Systems

Fine motion control rod drive mechanisms

Improved Seismic
Resistance

Adoption of internal pump and reinforced concrete

containment vessel

Enhanced LoadLoadFollowing Performance

Adoption of internal pump and fine motion control

rod drive mechanism

Enlargement of Scope of
Automation

Advanced man-machine system

Reduced Radiation Dose

Adoption of internal pump, usage of low cobalt materials,

improved water quality

Less Waste Produced

Control of the amount of waste produced, optimization of

waste treatment

Reduction of Materials

Reduced building size, smaller amount of pipes and ducts,

and less cable

Shorter Construction
Period

Adoption of reinforced concrete containment vessel

and improvements in construction processes

High Efficiency

Adoption of 52-inch last stage turbine blade, moisture

separator & heater and heater drain system

Higher Availability Factor

Fine motion control rod drive mechanism, reduced period

for annual inspections

Reduced Fuel Cost

Adoption of improved reactor core and high burnup fuel

Broad Spectrum of Advanced Technological Improvements Throughout System

Achieve Simple Yet Highly Advanced Operating Characteristics
Hitachi ABWR

BWR5

Plant Output

1350MWe class

1100MWe class

Reactor Thermal Output

3926MWt

3293MWt

872

764

205

185

Item

Reactor Coolant Recirculation

System
SystemRRS
RRS
This system adopts a wet motor type
internal pump without any shaft seal
This is the most outstanding
characteristic of ABWR technologyIt
eliminates the necessity of external
Pipingenhancing reliability and
reducing the radiation dose

diversification of drivehydraulic drive

and motor driveand thus provides
higher reliability

Emergency Core Cooling System

ECCS
ECCS
Three separate cooling Systems are
comprised of two high pressure core
flooderHPCFsystemsone reactor
core isolation coolingRCICsystem,
Control Rod Drive System
and three residual heat removal/low
SystemCRD
CRD
Fine motion CRDFMCRDenables fine pressure flooderRHRLPFLsystems
drive control by the motorThis permits In particularthe high pressure systems

have been strengthenedproviding

enhanced safety and reliabilitywith
sufficient cooling capacity provided in
the design for them to each function
independently

Fuel Assemblies
Control Rods
Reactor
Pressure
Vessel

Turbine System
The adoption of a 52-jnch turbinetwoStage reheating cycle and the heater
drain pump-up system make the turbine
System more efficient,cost efficient and
give it higher performance

Inner Diameter
Height

Motor drive
Hydraulic drive

Hydraulic drive
Hydraulic drive

Div.RCICLPFLRHR
Div.HPCFLPFLRHR
Div.HPCFLPFLRHR
ADS

Div. LPCILPCS
Div. LPCILPCI
Div.HPCS
ADS

Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System

Reactor Containment Vessel

3systems

2systems

Reinforced concrete with liner

Free-standing steel vessel

TC6F-4143
Non-reheat

TC6F52
two-stage reheat

Turbine
Dry well spray

222m
External recirculation pumps2
Jet pumps20

Normal
Scram

Emergency Core Cooling System

64m

210m
Internal pumps10

Recirculation System
Number of pumps
Control Rod
Drive

71m

Reactor pressure vessel

Stanby liquid
control system(SLC)

Moisture separator
and heater

Reinforced concrete
containment vessel

SLC Pump
Low pressure
flooder system (LPFL)
Residual
heat removal
system (RHR)

52"lase stage blade

low-pressure turbine
Mainsteam
piping

High pressure
turbine
Generator

Suppression
chamber
Spray

Feed Water
piping

Main
condenser

Bypass
system
Hydraulic
control
unit

Sea water

To off gas
system

Turbine
Extraction
Air ejector
Fine motion
control rod
drive
mechanism

High pressure
drain pump
Reactor core
isolation
cooling
system (RCIC)

High pressure
core flooder
system (HPCF)

Low pressure
condensate pump

High pressure
condensate pump

Gland
condenser
Condensate
filter

High pressure feed

water heater
Condensate
demineralizer
Feed water pump

Suppression chamber
(Suppression pool)

Internal
pump

Horizontal vent
To Condenser
Low pressure feed
water heater
Reactor water
clean-upsystem
(CUW)

7
001012

Condensate
storage tank

Hitachi
Hard
at Work on Projects to

Implement ABWR Plants

Kashiwazaki Kariwa Nuclear Power
Station unit No6 and No7 represent
the first implementation of ABWR
technologyEach reactor has a thermal
output of 3926MWt and an electrical
output of 1356MWe during the
maximum sea water temperature in the
SummerHitachi is proceeding with the
Project jointly with Toshiba and General
Electric
Outer Appearance of Plant
The controlradwaste and service
buildings for the Kashiwazaki Kariwa
unit No6 and No7 are common
structures situated centrally between the
two unitsAdequate space is provided
for the respective buildings While
reducing the overall size of the structure
required and the amount of excavation
necessaryThe main stacks are located
on the roof of each reactor building.

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

BWR construction and operation experience

Verification tests

Feasibility
study

Basic design

Third improvement and standardization

program

Project application
design

Construction of
Kashiazaki Kariwa
unit No.6/7

Government
licensing

Operation

Reactor Building
The reactor containment vessel for the
ABWR is integrated with the reactor
buildingThe adoption of internal pumps
facilitated a lower core position and
reduced containment vessel height
increasing resistance to earthquakes
Streamlining of reactor building design
and the equipment contained therein
reduces the overall size required
improves cost efficiency and contributes
to reducing the construction period

Widespread
implementation of
ABWR

The buildings for Kashiwazaki kariwa unit No.6/7 adopting the advanced
advanced BWR technology have
the following features
Feature

Building
Reactor Building(R/B)
Turbine Building(T/B)

Semi-underground type, integrated with reactor containment

vessel, roof stack
Semi-underground type, including heat exchanger area for
sea water/auxiliary equipment cooling water

Control Building(C/B)

Common for two units

Radwaste Building (Rw/B)

Common for two units, including condensate storage pools

Service Building(S/B)

Common for two units

Loading of large module of the reactor containment vessel intern

internals
als of Unit 7

Turbine Building
In addition to the turbine facilities
Kashiwazaki Kariwa unit No67 turbine
building contains seawater heat
exchanger and circulating Water Pump
facilitiesThe building has been made
considerably more compact than before
through a rationalized system and
equipment designBy using the top floor
of the radwaste building located
between unit No6 and No7 turbine
buildingssufficient space is provided
for turbine disassembly when the turbine
is inspected

lnstallation of Moisture Separator Heaters for Unit 6

9
001012

Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPS (RPV of Unit 7 is under loading)

10

Core and Fuel

Integrated Assurance Program from Quality Control to Evaluation Technology

Ensures Higher Performance and Economical Core
After the era of improving BWR core and
70
75
80
85
90
95
2000
Year
fuel based on introduced technology,
Improvement and
Domestic production

standardization
Hitachi has been developing its own
products as followsHitachi
GE
implemented a program to establish
technology Development of optimized core management and
introduced high-precision core anakysis techniques
Strict fuel manufacturing control and pre
Comprehensive fuel characteristic tests
conditioning interim operation
HICOF and other
testing devices
Improved core fuelLeak rate
management recommendations to
approx. 1/10 of the level abroad
Prevent the fuelleakage that occurred
Strict con- Pre77fuel
trol of fuel Conditioned
abroad and with imported fuels in Japan
Manufac- interim
88fuel
operation
turing
during the latter half of the 1g60sAs a
Development of Hitachi improved
resultfuelleakage has been reduced to
coreLoad factor above 99% achieved
an extremely low levelwith the current
Axially two- Control
zoned core cell core
fuel failure rate approximately below
110 of the level abroad
Development of highly econmical Step,and
In the latter half of the 1g70sHitachi
fuels30%reduction of fuel cycle cost
Zirconium liner Uranium- High Pu
developed a unique reactor core called
saving
fuel with high
Burnup thermal
the Hitachi improved coreAxially two
corrosion resis- Techfuel
nology
tant cladding
zoned fuel flattened reactor axia power
distribution,increased thermal margin
Development of ultra-high burnup
for higher reliability and minimized
reactor, high converter reactor
restriction on preconditioned interim
operation enable a load factor above
gg to beachieved
With the increasingn number of nuclear
power generation plants in recent years
Conventional core
the demand for higher cost efficiency
Fuel assemblies
has risen in addition to the need for
Control rods 100
reliability and safetyIn order to reduce
fuel cycle costHitachi is developing
highly economical Step Step and
Step fuels
Uniform enrichment

Electrical power(%)

Optimization of Cost Efficiency, Reliability and Load Factor

Operability and Fuel Cycle
Enhancement

Basic
technology

Development of Highly Economical

Fuel
A pure zirconium is lined on the inside
of the claddingPower peaking surplus
provided by Hitachi improved core can
obtain the reactivity gain and reduce
uranium consumptionThis achieves an
increase in fuel economyInplant
loading of the step fuel began in 1987
and lead use assemblies of step fuel
are also in operationThese tests have
proved that the highly economical fuel
has superior performance as projected
in the original design

Fuel

Control Cells(CC)

Burn-up fuel with

low power

11
001012

38

45

Implementation

1987

Fuel
rod

Fuel Cycle 10
Cost Reduction
(%)
20
30

1991

1998

lead use from 1989)

(target)

Zirconium liner
Effective
use of thermal
neutrons

Uranium saving
technology
High burnup
fuel

Zirconium liner
Effective
use of thermal
neutrons
Large central
water rod

Zirconium liner
Effective
use of thermal
neutrons

99 fuel

Higher enrichment

Higher enrichment

Fuel rod/
water rod
arrangement
Cladding

Cladding

Zirconium liner

Zirconium liner

Zirconium liner

High corrosion
resistance

High corrosion
resistance

High corrosion
resistance

Hitachi Special Heat Treatment Technology(

Technology( hardening)

Fuel Channel Boxes

BoxesSpecial Heat
Treatment Technology
Hitachi has supplied approximately ten
thousand fuel channel boxes to utility
companies in Japan and abroad
confirming their excellent operating
performanceApproximately 5000 of
these are the special heat treated type
subjected to rapid heating and cooling
to improve corrosion resistance

Improved corrosion resistance through rapid

heating/cooling ,5,000units delivered
Tuning and impedance matching unit
Channel box
Heating coil
Cooling spray nozzle
High temperature gauge

10

11

12

11

12

Operation period(months)

Load factor : 85%

Plant A 1st cycle

33

Load factor : 99%

Plant A 8th cycle

Electrical power(%)

Low en- High

richment enrichment

Development of Improved Reactor

0
Core
Fuel
S=Shallow rod
Hitachi improved core adopts axially
D=Deep rod
twozoned fuel and the control cellThis
Hitachi Improved Core
100
provides flat power distribution and a
large thermal margin, simplifies
operation and increases the load factor
and operabilityThis improvemen thas
already been verified at almost all BWR
reactors in Japan
0

Step
Exposure(GWd/t)

10

Operation period(months)

12

Reactor Pressure Vessel/Reactor Internal Components

Optimized Reactor System with Internal Pumps,

Various Innovations Enhance Strength and Performance
Hitachi has designed and manufactured
a large number of reactor pressure
vesselsRPVand reactor internal
componentsStringent quality control
standards guarantee the highest
reliability possibleThe expertise
acquired to date in design
manufacturing and quality control
ensures that RPVs and reactor internal
components for ABWR facilities will
contine to be every bit as reliable as in
the past
ABWR Reactor Pressure Vessel
Fundamentallythis type of vessel is the
same as for conventional BWR facilities
but a dishshaped bottom head has
been adopted in consideration of
installing internal pumpsVarious
innovations have been introduced
including a Venturi type main steam
nozzle which has flow control and
measurement functions

Structural sketch of reactor pressure vessel

Head vent
spray nozzle

Structural Comparison of BWR

BWR5 and ABWR
No

Main steam
Outlet nozzle
with flow limiter

Flanges

Steam dryer
Steam
separator

Low pressure
flooder nozzle
Venturi type main steam nozzle
with flow limiter

hole machining device utilizing extrahigh precision technology was used on

the top grid to manufacture the
component from one pieceensuring
outstanding structural strengthIn 1978
Hitachi delivered a BWR-6 reactor
internal component to Leibstadt Nuclear
Power Plant in SwitzerlandThis was the
first BWR-6 reactor internal component
manufactured in the world

Reactor Internal Components of

ABWR
The ABWR reactor internal components
are based on the design of the BWR6
type component which is the improved
type of BWR5reactor internal
component desihnA number of
improvements were made to provide the
needed structural strength and higher
performanceIn particulara square

Low pressure
flooder sparger
High-pressure core
flooder nozzle

Fuel assembly

Steam
separator
three stage
AS2B

Core spray

Top grid
RPV

RPV
Top grid
Top grid

Top grid structure was changed from

assembly of individual matching plates to
One-piece high-structural-strength onepiece machined type
Assembled top grid type

Control rods

Core Shroud

Reactor
Pressure
Vessel
support skirt

Inner diameter of core shroud has been

increased to accommodate a larger
number of fuel assemblies
Top grid and upper shroud are now
integral

Upper shroud

4
Incore
monitor
housing

Structural diagram of Venturi type main

Steam nozzle

Adoption of internal pumps eliminates

large diameter pipe breaks in bottom of
reactorensuring a constant core
coverage underwaterThis eliminates the
necessity of supplying water to the jnside
of the shroudallowing cooling system to
be changed to sparger type on outside of
shroud

Upper shroud
integral with
top grid

Top grid

Core plate

Core plate

Reinforcing beam

Bolt

Lower shroud

Lower shroud

Reinforcing rods

RPV

Low Pressure Flooder System

Onepiece top grid

Top grid

Core Plate
A structure with reinforcing beams and
perpendicular reinforcing rods was
hanged to all reinforcing beams to
increase buckling Strength

Shroud head
High pressure
Core flooder
sparger
Top grid

Shroud head

Top Grid

Internal pump
Control rod drive
mechanism housing

Adoption of internal pumps eliminates

largediameter pipe breaks in bottom of
reactorThis enables core to be constantly
covered in waterallowing cooling System
to be changed from spray to simple

Core shroud

Core plate
Top grid

Steam separator changed from two stage

to low pressureloss threeStage type
AS2B

ABWR

Steam separator
two stage type
Shroud
head bolt

sparger type

Feed water
inlet nozzle
Feed water
sparger

BWR-5

Changes

Clamps

Reinforcing beamsperpendicular

Low pressure coolant

injection pipe
Top grid

Bellows

Low pressure
flooder sparger

Top grid

Shroud
Shroud

13
001012

14

Internal Pumps

Compact Pumps Incorporated into Reactor Pressure

Vessel Enhance Reliability, Safety and Economy
Pumps used with conventional BWR
reactor recirculation systems were
located outside the reactor pressure
vesselconnected by largediameter
pipingln order to enhance plant
reliabilitysafety and economyinternal
pumps are directly mounted to the
bottom of the ABWR reactor pressure
vessel
Internal Pumps for Reactor
Recirculation System
ln order to minimize the number of parts
in the RPVonly the impeller which
circulates the reactor coolant is housed
inside the reactor pressure vesselBy
using a wet motor with pump featuring
coaxial rotationand discarding the shaft
Sealthe potential for leakage of coolant
has been eliminated

Comparison with Conventional Reactor

Recirculation System

Intake flow

Features of Internal Pump

Core

Intake flow

Drive flow

Core

Recirculation
pump

Discharge flow

Internal
pump

Simplification
Enhanced safety

Discharge flow

1Refined Hydraulic Components

In order to fit the pump into the
dimensions allowed by the reactor
pressure vessela compacthighefficiency impeller is adopted

Reactor
pressure
vessel

Reactor coolant
Recirculation
pump

Internal pump

Conventional(-5)

Hitachi Internal Pump Structure

Water
flow
Impeller
Diffuser
Stretch tube

Pump shaft

Reactor pressure vessel

Motor cooling water

Upper radial bearing

Heat
exchanger

Terminal box

Motor rotor
Lower radial bearing
Thrust bearing
aux.impeller

Sealed Anti-rotating
terminals
device

15
001012

Bearing Structure is separated into

non-symmetrical component elements
in the circumferential direction
facilitating formation of water film and
increased vibration control

Shop Test Facility for Internal Pump

Motor windings immersed in water are

all of the same thickness without any
connections and structure allows
terminal connection changeoverThis
increases the resistance of the
insulation to deterioration at high
voltages

3Shop Tests Conducted at High

TemperaturePressure
ln order to guarantee high reliability
performance and function tests are
performed using a variable speed
power Supply under the actual
operating conditions of high
temperature and pressure280
71kfcm2beforeshipment.
4Outstanding Maintainability

Motor stator
windings
Motor casing

Martensitic stainless steel is used

featuring sufficient strength and
reliability for application in a reactor

2Special Design of Key Components

for Long Term Operation
Phenolic resin with superior wear
resistance is used for bearings

Jet
pump

Main Components of Hitachi Internal Pump

The impeller and shaft of the internal

pump are removed in the upper
directionand the motor is removed in
the lower directionThe special
maintenance devices enable special
pump maintenance to be performed
quickly and easily

Internal Pump Handling Procedure

Pull up

Grasping
tool

Impeller
Pressure seal
Raising/
Lowering
screw
Nut

Motor

Raising/lowering
Screw mounted

Raising/
Lowering
device
Pull down

Assembled Condition

Closing flange

Motor Removal

Impeller Removal

16

Fine Motion Control Rod Drive System

Two Drive Power Sources Enhances Operability, Maintainability and Reliability.

Control Rods Can be Simultaneously Operated, Plant Start-up Time is Reduced
Features of FMCRD
Configuration of Fine Motion Control Rod Drive System
1Electric Motor for Fine Drive
Control
CRD
Simplifies reactivity control
Hydralic control unit
lncreases load following Performance
Enhances fuel integrity
Startup time is reduced by automatic
Scram
gang operation
valve

The fine motion control rod drive system

FMCRDuses two different power
sourceselectric motor drive is used for
normal operation and the conventional
hydraulic is used for emergency
insertionscramDiversification of the
drive mechanism enhances safetyand
fine control during normal operation
increases fuel reliabilityIn addition
simultaneous operation of control rods is
now possibleshortening the necessary
Startup time of the plantFurthermorea
reduction in the number of rods to be
inspected shortens the time required for
the annual inspectioneliminating the
scram discharge line and reducing the
radiation dose to which the operator is
exposed
Domestic Production of FMCRD
ln the first stage of preparations for
domestic production of FMCRD
improvements were made on the type
proven in EuropeNextpart prototypes
ball screwbuffer componentsetcas
Well as a prototype of the overall
component were builtAt this stage
dynamic characteristics and reliability
Were confirmedFurthermore
endurance tests and scram tests in the
event of an earthquake were conducted
to confirm soundness of the design

Buffer
mechanism

Ball
screw

17

Motor

From
electrical
system

Purge
line

Chargimg line
Accumulator

CRD pump

Flow control valve

FMCRD Handling Machine

4Higher Reliability
Diversified power sources for control
rod drive are provided
Continuous fullin detection
mechanism is adopted
Redundant separation detection
mechanismsreed switchesare
provided
Bayonet coupling is adopted

Spool
piece

Motor

Hollow
piston

001012

3Radiation Dose Reduced and

Inspection Period Shortened
Number of units to be inspected is
reduced
Adoption of separate housing
simplifies inspection of seal
lnternal housing support adopted

bottle

2Simplified and Optimized

Hydraulic Systems
Scramming of two control rods is
perfomed by one hydraulic control
unit
Scram discharge system is eliminated

FMCRD Handling Machine

Maintenance and inspection of the
FMCRD is a critical process of the
periodic inspection and the occupational
radiation dose exposure is relatively high
for this workAdequate tests must be
conducted to confirm the safety of the
maintenance work processFor this
purposeHitachi developed a FMCRD
handling machine and performed fullscale verification testsThe results of
these tests have been reflected in the
design of the final model,increasing
operabilitysafety and reliability

18

Turbine Systems

Long Blade for Turbine Last Stage, Moisture Separator and Heater,and Other New
Technologies Adopted Upgrade Plant Efficiency
Large capacity and high performance
are required for the steam turbines and
Other power generation equipment used
in nuclear power plantsHitachis
extensive expertise acquired over many
years of RD and productioncombined
with the latest technology achieve
substantially higher reliability and
efficiency than in previous equipment
Hiqher Plant Thermal Efficiency
The adoption of a 52-inch long blade for
the last stage of turbinemoisture
separatorheaterheater drain pump-up
System and other innovations
considerably increase the plant thermal
efficiency
1350MWe
350MWe Class Steam Turbine
Components
The steam turbine incorporates a monoblock low-pressure rotor. In addition
effective countermeasures to
compensate for blade and shaft coupled
tortional vibration caused by the reverse
Phase magnetic field in generators
guaranteeing high rotor reliability

5252-Inch Blade

ABWR Secondary System Concept

High pressure
turbine

Low pressure
turbine

Moisture separator
and heater

To high pressure
heater

Condenser

Reactor
Feed water
pump
High pressure
heater

Condensate
Pressure
Demineralizer
Booster
unit
pump
Low pressure heater

Drain pump

Filter Condensate
pump

Drain pump

Comparison with Conventional Thermal Efficiency

105.5
+ 2.2% 2-stage reheating cycle
+ 3.1% 52-inch long blade
100

+ 0.2% System improvements

Improved and
standardized
BWR

ABWR

High pressure
turbine

4,114

7,544

4,724

7,544

Low pressure
turbine

Full Size Blade Test Rotors

Rotors
Left:For 60Hz
60HzJuly
July1986
1986Right
Right
RightFor 50Hz
50HzFebruary
February1985
1985

Moisture Separator
SeparatorHeater
Reheating of steam increases thermal
efficiency and improves steam
conditions for low-pressure turbine
inlet
Two 50% capacity of compact design
MSH

1High Efficiency/Reliability
Technology
Water cooled unequal coil structure
with mixed strand stator coil and short
Pitch radial flow hydrogen cooling of
rotor coil ensure high cooling and
operating efficiency

49,564
8,382

Condensers and Heat Exchangers

1Reduced Turbine Building Size
Four-neck heater condensing unit
adopted
Compact type moisture separator
heater
2High Reliability and Performance
All-titanium pipe condenser
Balanced down-flow piping arranged
condenser

1500MVA
500MVA Class Turbine Generator

Cross Sectional Arrangement of TC6FTC6F-52 Turbine

2,388

1Development of Optimized Profile for

Specific revolution speed
Adoption of new blade profile for
transonic speed provides high
efficiency
Stress level is substantially lower than
past experiencesproviding
outstanding reliability
Adequate detuning has been
performed for natural vibration and
RPM double frequency
Full circumference ring-loose structure
reduces vibration stress

4,724

7,544

2,600

Low pressure
turbine

Moisture Separator/Heater for Kashiwazaki Kariwa Unit6

Twin-dome structure withstands

53kgfcm2g hydrogen pressureand
spherical terminal box is adopted

4,268

1,372

10,0589,042

19
001012

Unit : mm

Structure of 1,560MVA Class Generator

20

Instrumentation and Control System

Main Areas of
Technological
Development

1970

1975

1980

1990

1985

Implementation of
Development of
Improvement and
standardization
domestic production
advanced systems
Domestic
production of
instrumentation Increased
reliability
Enhanced monitoring
capabilities
Strengthening of
operation support

Monitoring of
Operation

Itis imperative that operators be able to

quickly and accurately grasp plant
operating conditions to ensure high
reliability during operationNuclear
power generation plants have
centralized monitoring and control
systems on which most operations can
be performedincluding Start-up and
Shut-downnormal operations and
operations for transient conditions

Year

Extensive Operation Support Functions using Superior Man-Machine Technology

Simplify Monitoring Control and Operation

Application of
color CRT

Integrated Transmission
System

Control

Online core
Digitization Achieves Highly
performance Multi-computer
prediction
system
Advanced System
CRT
operation
Large-scale display
In response to the trends toward the
improvementStandardization and
Highly reliable digital
control devices
advancement of nuclear power plants
More automation
technological development of
Integrated digital
network
monitoring and control systems is
Central control
proceeding in the areas of monitoring
room cable
processing
control and information transmission
system
Optical multiplex transmission
Ongoing projects have led to the
upgrading of process computer
NUCAMM-80
NUGAMM-90
systemsfurther application of various
digital monitoring and control systems
NUCAMM:Nuclear Power Plant Control Complex with Advanced Man-Machine Interfaces
the application of optical multiplexing
devices and an integrated digital
instrumentation and control system in
order to create highly advanced
systems
Overall Configuration of Integrated Digital System

Advanced Operation Monitoring

Functions
Computer CRTs have been aggressively
integrated into operation monitoring
systemswhile taking into consideration
harmony with existing systemsThe
NUCAMM-80 central control system
featuring a high degree of plant
automation and an advanced manmachine interfacehas already been
proven in existing plants
NUCAMM-90 is being developed for
use with the ABWR systembased on
this technologyIt will enlarge the scope
of automationincluding control rod
operationreduce operator work load
feature CRT touch-operation and largescale displaysThese and other
advanced man-machine functions will
consolidate monitoring and operation
enable operators to share information
and otherwise enhance operability

Engineering safeguards facility panel

Neutron monitoring system panel

Process computer

Safety protection system panel

NUCAMMNUCAMM-90 central control system

Safety
protection
system

Neutron
monitoring
system

Power
control
system

Local panels

BOP system

Reactor

Reactor
Auxiliary
system

Safety system

21
001012

Feed water
pump

Condensate pump
RMU : Remote Multiplexing Unit

22

Building,Containment Vessel and Arrangement Plans

Reinforced Concrete Containment Vessel Integrated with Reactor Building.

Comprehensive Arrangement Plans Created by CAE System

23

The Hitachi nuclear power plant threedimensional layout planning CAE

system Utilizes knowledge engineering

techniques and three-dimensional

simulation to fully automate the rational
arrangement planning of nuclear power
plantsIt is an integrated system
including piping and factory automation.

Reactor building
Top head

Reactor containment
vessel
Reactor
pressure
vessel
Reactor
Recirculation
pump

Approx.36m

Top slab

Upper
dry
well

Lower
dry
well

DiaPhragm
floor

RCCV
29m

29m
Access tunnel

Conventional BWR

001012

Comprehensive Arrangement Plans

using Three
ThreeDimensional CAE

Comparison of ABWR Containment Vessel Structure with

Conventional Types

29.5m

Reinforced Concrete Containment

Vessel
ReinIorced concrete will provide the
strength necessary to withstand the
pressureand an interior steel liner will
ensure the required air tightness
Cylindrical structure is integrated with
reactor building
The top slab serves as a portion of the
spent fuel pool and dryerseparator
pool
Vessel features a horizontal vent
access tunnel in the suppression
chamber and rigid diaphragm floor

Confirmation of Appropriateness
and Soundness of Design
Techniques
experience in JapanFundamental
experiments and confirmation tests
Many reinforced concrete
have been conducted to establish
containment vessels have
the design and evaluation method
already been built overseas
Howeverdesign and construc- and to verify the soundness of the
tion of the RCCV is the first
RCCV structure

48m

With the ABWR system, a reinforced

concrete containment vesselRCCV)
takes the place of the conventional steel
containment vesselThe arrangement
plans are comprehensively designed by
using a CAE system with an aim to
provide the optimum arrangementhigh
reliabilityreduced construction period
and high maintainability

ABWR

RCCV Upper Drywell Liner of Kashiwazaki Kariwa Unit 7 under loading

loading

2m
Suppression
pool

Reactor building

Design review using 3D

3DCAD

lnside of containment vessel

24

Coordination and R&D Organization

Comprehensive Research and Development Program Propel Companies in the

Group onto New Plateaus of Nuclear Power Generation Technology
Developing technology for the benefit of
society has been a key concept at
Hitachi ever since its establishment
Hitachi will continue to implement
comprehensive research and
development programs based on this
themeproviding safereliable and
efficient products and technology

Organization
Companies in the Hitachi group work together as a team to plan, designmanufacture and install
componentsperform maintenance and serviceand train operators

Development and Verification Tests

In developing the ABWR systemHitachi
has continually strived to create its own
technologiesgrasping characteristics
through verification testsconfirming
reliability throughout the overall process

Customer relations

International Trade
Division

Hitachi Core and Fuel Thermohydraulic Test Loop

LoopHICOF)

Nuclear Power Systems

Division
Project integration

Shop test facility for reactor internal pump

Information & Control

Systems Division

Mechanical Engineering
Research Laboratory
Studies concerning
Seismic design

Power & Industrial Systems

Division

Nippon Nuclear Fuel

Development Co.,Ltd
Co.,Ltd

Switch boardspower
transformerscircuit
breakers etc

Development of
nuclear fuel

Industrial & Machinery

Systems Division

Japan Nuclear Fuel

Co.,Ltd
Co.,Ltd

Largesize pumpsblowers
etc

Fabrication of nuclear fuel

Reactor pressure vessels

etc.

25
001012

Reactor internal flow characteristic test

Power lndustrial
Systems R
RD Division
Studies concerning core
engineeringwaste
treatment instrumentation
and controls
Hitachi Research
Laboratory
Development of materials
for equipment

Babcock
BabcockHitachi K
K K

Moisture separator/heater actual load test

Planning and execution of

site installation work

Hitachi Administrative
Division
Plant engineeringnuclear
power plant components
Steam turbinesgenerators
pipingValvesetc

Engineeringinstrumentation
and controlscontrol
panelscontrol computers
etc
5252-inch trbine rotor vibration characteristic test

Hitachi Plant Engineering

Construction Co.,Ltd
Co.,Ltd

BWR Operator Training

Center Inc
Inc
Operator training

CRD scram testing facility

26