1. Uses of epinephrine, ways given, what route is not used?

It is frequently used to treat anaphylaxis (life threatening allergic

response), bronchospams, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest,
asthma and severe hypotension.
Also used to increase cardiac output, vasoconstriction, heart
rate, increase systolic pressure.
Epinephrine can be administered SubQ, IV, IM, topically, or by
inhalation, intracardiac, and instillation methods. It cannot be
given orally, this is because it is rapidly metabolized in the GI
tract and liver which results in unstable serum levels.
2. Early Alzheimers drug
o Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors/ Cholinesterase inhibitors.
atropine can be used as an antidote
tacrine (Cognex)
donepezil (Aricept)
rivastigmine (Exelon)
galantamine (Razadyne)
3. How do you counteract the effects of dry mouth?
Ice chips
Sugarless chewing gum
Hard candy
4. Can glaucoma clients be treated with atropine like drugs?
No, because it will increase intraocular pressure in the eye and
cause irreversible damage. It is an anticholinergic. These dry you
out (cant see, cant pee, cant spit, cant shit)
5. Client has Parkinsons what would giving them anticholinergics do for
them?
Inhibit the release of acetylcholine which reduces rigidity and
some tremors with minimal effect of bradykinesia.
i. benztropine (Cogentin) These are anticholinergics and
Parkinsons treatment drug
ii. trihexyphenidyl - HCl (Artane)
iii. biperiden (Akineton)
6. Treat client with narcolepsy with modafinil what will it do for them?
Increases the amount of time narcoleptic patients feel awake.
7. Best time to administer amphetamines.
In the morning. This is because they cause sleeplessness and
restlessness.
8. ADHD behavior
Children are less than 7 when this occurs.
Most common in boys
Inability to concentrate, inability to complete task,
inattentiveness, restlessness, hyperactivity, impulsivity.

9. When take Ritalin?

Give before breakfast and lunch. This is because it causes
insomnia, restlessness, and speeds things up.
10.
treatment for mild headache?
Non-opioid analgesics
Perferred drugs for fever and headache: aspirin,
acetomenophine, ibuprofen.
i. Aspirin (NSAID)
ii. Acetomenphine* (NSAID)
iii. Ibuprophen*
iv. Naproxine (NSAID)
11.
Know VS on infant that would show that caffeine treatment was
effective.
Newborn: R: 30-55 HR: 70-190 BP: 73/55
Infant:
R: 20-40 HR: 80-150 BP: 85/37
Caffeine is an analeptic and depending on the dose it stimulates
the CNS and large doses stimulates respirations. Newborns with
respiratory distress might be given caffeine to increase
respirations. It increases HR and BP. It is given by a NG or IV.
12.
Diet concerns with Ritalin.
Avoid caffeine and alcohol.
Encourage patient to eat a balanced diet due to anorexic effects
can occur.
13.
Long term use of hypnotics may lead to?
Therapy should be short term to prevent drug dependence and
drug tolerance. Abruptly discontinuing can cause withdraw
symptoms and REM rebound. Long term use can also result in
depression (lethargy, sleepiness, lack of concentration,
confusion, and psychological depression).
14.
Lidocaine used most frequently as what type of anesthesia?
Topical
It is an analgesic.
15.
spinal anesthesia teaching afterward.
Patient needs to stay flat after spinal injection to decrease the
likelihood of leaking spinal fluid, which will lead to a headache.
Patient should also increase fluids, to decrease likelihood of
leaking spinal fluid. Warn patient of possible hypotension.
Side effects: respiratory distress, headache, and hypotension.
16.
Side effect of Dilantin
Gingival hyperplasia
Steven-Johnsons syndrome (sloughing of the skin)
Nystagmus
Headache
Diplopia (double-vision)

 Dizziness
Slurred speech
Decrease coordination
Alopecia (balding)
Thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet count)
Dont use it in pregnancy (category X)
Suppresses NA+ influx, anticonvulsant, phenytoin.
17.
How long do you take seizure medication?
Anticonvulsants are generally taken throughout a persons
lifetime. In some cases a health care provider might discontinue
the drug if no seizures have occurred in the past 3-5 years.
18.
status epilepticus first drug.
Type of epilepsy.
Diazapam (Valium) is used primarily for acute status epilepticus
as a short term effect and must be given in conjunction with or
immediately before other anticonvulsants.
19.
urine color with phenytoin?
Harmless pinkish red, or brown.
20.
Myasthenia Gravis client teaching overdose of cholinesterase
inhibitor?
Teach them that cholinesterase inhibitors are absorbed best if
taken before meals. Needs to be administered on time. Monitor
drug effectiveness. And encourage them to wear a Med ID
bracelet.
21.
Would precipitate cholinergic crisis?
Caused by continuous depolarization of post synaptic
membranes that create a neuromuscular blockade, or if you OD
on the inhibitor.
Usually occurs within 30-60 min after taking anticholinergic
medications.
22.
What are s/s of cholinergic crisis?
Severe muscle weakness: respiratory paralysis and arrest,
abnormal pupil constriction, excess salivation, pallor, sweating,
vertigo, GI distress, bradycardia, fasciculations. Worsens after
edrophonium chloride (Tensilon)
23.
Antidote for crisis?
Atropine
24.
Treatment for acute exacerbation of MS.
Tapering course of glucocorticoids (Prednisone),
adrenalcorticotropic hormone (ACTH), stimulates the adrenal
cortex to secrete cortisol.
25.
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone side effects
Raises blood sugar
Suppresses inflammatory and immune responses.

Prednison increase glucose, and eats away at your cartilage after

long term use.
i. Nausea
ii. Diarrhea
iii. Abdominal distention
iv. Increased appetite
v. Sweating
vi. Headache
vii. Depression
viii. Flushing
ix. Mood changes
x. Cataracts
xi. Amenorrhea
26.
Treated with Robaxin 0 discolor urine?
Can turn urine green, brown, or black.
27.
NSAIDS effects?
Used as anti-inflammatory drug, inhibit biosynthesis of
prostaglandins, analgesic effect, and antipyreyic (anti fever and
pain), inhibit platelet aggregation, mimic effects of
corticosteroids. Inhibits COX enzymes. (COX1 protects stomach
lining, COX2- pain and inflammation).
28.
Protein bound drug given already taking one that is not as highly
bound what happens.
More free drug to be released in the blood because they compete
for protein binding spots. Can lead to toxicity.
29.
Should antipsychotics be stopped?
No, they should be weaned off gradually to avoid withdraw
symptoms.
30.
Foods to not eat with MAOs
Anything that contains Tyramine (can lead to hypertensive
crisis): cheese, yogurt, coffee, bananas, raisins, Italian green
beans, liver, pickled foods, sausage, soy sauce, yeast, beer and
red wines.