PROJECT ON DAM

STUDY ON

LAKHWAR DAM

SUBMITTED TO:
MENTOR: Mr. Rishidev Nautiyal

SUBMITTED BY:

Akash kumar bharti, Divyansh pandey

Naveen Kumar, Priyank godiyal
Shailesh uinyal, Suraj bhandari

CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Dams

3. Types of Dams
(i)

(ii)

Based on Function

Based on Structure

4. Images of Different type of Dams

5. Lakhwar Dam
6. History

7. Location of Dam
8. Salient features
9. Future aspects
10.References

INTRODUCTION
Hydropower plays a pervasive and critically important role in the socio-economy and development
of any country. Water resource projects generally increase prosperity and result in general socio
economic development of the region, particularly in rural areas of developing countries.

Hydropower projects create many direct jobs and associated demands for goods and services. In
addition, they provide infrastructures i.e., electricity, roads, water supply and distribution network
etc., which act as stimulus for further development and economic growth. No dam can be built

without environmental costs and benefits of some kind. A dam becomes a dominant factor in the

hydrological regime, and sets in motion a series of impacts on physical, biological and sociocultural system. The construction of dam and filling of reservoir causes substantial local change in

microclimate and weather. The flooding of the region has immediate significant impacts on means
of communication, historic sites, communities and local flora and fauna.

Dam
A dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly impervious material built across a river to create a reservoir
on its upstream side for impounding water for various purposes. These purposes may be Irrigation,

Hydropower, Water-supply, Flood Control, Navigation, Fishing and Recreation. Dams may be
built to meet the one of the above purposes or they may be constructed fulfilling more than one.
As such, Dam can be classified as: Single-purpose and Multipurpose Dam.

A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed
between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other
structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or prevent water
flow into specific land regions.

TYPES OF DAM
Dams can be classified in number of ways. But most usual ways of classification of dams are
mentioned below:

(I). Based on the functions of dam, it can be classified as follows:

1. Storage dams:
They are constructed to store water during the rainy season when there is a large flow in the

river. Many small dams impound the spring runoff for later use in dry summers. Storage dams
may also provide a water supply, or improved habitat for fish and wildlife.
2. Diversion dams:

A diversion dam is constructed for the purpose of diverting water of the river into an off-

taking canal (or a conduit). They provide sufficient pressure for pushing water into ditches,

canals, or other conveyance systems. Such shorter dams are used for irrigation, and for
diversion from a stream to a distant storage reservoir.

3. Detention dams:

Detention dams are constructed for flood control. A detention dam retards the flow in the river

on its downstream during floods by storing some flood water. Thus the effect of sudden floods
is reduced to some extent

4. Debris dams:

A debris dam is constructed to retain debris such as sand, gravel, and drift wood flowing in

the river with water. The water after passing over a debris dam is relatively clear.
5. Coffer dams:

It is an enclosure constructed around the construction site to exclude water so that the

construction can be done in dry. A cofferdam is thus a temporary dam constructed for

facilitating construction. A coffer dam is usually constructed on the upstream of the main dam
to divert water into a diversion tunnel (or channel) during the construction of the dam.

(II). Based on structure and design, dams can be classified as follows:

1. Gravity Dams:

A gravity dam is a massive sized dam fabricated from concrete or stone masonry. They

are designed to hold back large volumes of water. By using concrete, the weight of the dam
is actually able to resist the horizontal thrust of water pushing against it. This is why it is

called a gravity dam. Gravity essentially holds the dam down to the ground, stopping water
from toppling it over.

2. Earth Dams:

An earth dam is made of earth (or soil) built up by compacting successive layers of earth,

using the most impervious materials to form a core and placing more permeable substances

on the upstream and downstream sides. Earth dam resists the forces exerted upon it mainly
due to shear strength of the soil. Although the weight of the earth dam also helps in resisting

the forces, the structural behavior of an earth dam is entirely different from that of a gravity
dam.

3. Rock fill Dams:

A rock fill dam is built of rock fragments and boulders of large size. An impervious

membrane is placed on the rock fill on the upstream side to reduce the seepage through the
dam. The membrane is usually made of cement concrete or asphaltic concrete.

4. Buttress Dams:

Buttress dams are of three types:

(i)

Deck type

(iii)

Massive-head type.

(ii)

Multiple-arch type

A deck type buttress dam consists of a sloping deck supported by buttresses. Buttresses are

triangular concrete walls which transmit the water pressure from the deck slab to the
foundation. Buttresses are compression members.

In a multiple-arch type buttress dam the deck slab is replaced by horizontal arches
supported by buttresses. The arches are usually of small span and made of concrete. In a
massive-head type buttress dam, there is no deck slab. Instead of the deck, the upstream

edges of the buttresses are flared to form massive heads which span the distance between
the buttresses.

DAMS BASED ON STRUCTURE AND DESIGN

LAKHWAR DAM
The Lakhwar hydroelectric project is proposed to be constructed on river Yamuna in Dehradun
district of Uttarakhand to generate Hydroelectricity. The primary purpose of the project
is hydroelectric power generation and it will support a 300 MW power station when complete.

Under this project a 204 m high dam at Lakhwar village along with a balancing reservoir at 13.650

km downstream from the dam site at Katapathar is proposed. The dam has a gross storage of 58

Mm3 (dead=24.7 Mm3, Live=33.3 Mm3) and the average annual runoff at the project site is 375.6
Mm3. The Dam will produce around 300MW of hydroelectric power. The regulated water

released from the reservoir will be balanced at Katapathar by constructing a barrage for irrigation
and drinking water supply purposes.

HISTORY
The project was proposed way back in the year 1986 by the Irrigation Department of erstwhile
state of Uttar Pradesh. At that time, legislation for mandatory EIA did not exist in the country,

therefore, accordingly only environmental and forest clearance was obtained. Construction work
of the project was started in the year 1987 but unfortunately could not proceed beyond 1992 for

want of funds as the state government was under financial crunch. In these four years, major works

relating to stripping of dam site at Lakhwar and excavation for underground powerhouse were
taken up along with other infrastructure development works such as residential colonies, roads,

land acquisition, etc. Unfortunately, the project activities remained suspended for a period of about
12 years till the MoU between NHPC and the state government of Uttarakhand was signed for
completion of the project in the November 2003. The suspension of work for such a long time led

to cost escalation and change in government policies which have resulted in having a fresh transfer
of necessary clearances in the name of new project proponent. Seeking a fresh environmental

clearance which incorporates environmental impact assessment study along with environmental

management plans becomes imperative as per the government policies as on date under EIA act

(MoEF, 1994). Subsequently, EIA/EMP study was undertaken for Lakhwar hydroelectric project
in the year 2004-06.

LOCATION OF DAM
The Lakhwar Dam is a gravity dam currently under construction on the Yamuna River near the

town of Lakhwar in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand, India. The study area is located between

3002800 to 3004800 N latitude and 7005200 to 7801600 E longitude covering the parts of
Tehri and Dehradun district of Uttarakhand.

Dam site on google earth

SAILENT FEATURES
Under this project a 204 m high dam at Lakhwar village along with a balancing reservoir at 13.650

km downstream from the dam site at Katapathar is proposed. The dam has a gross storage of 58

Mm3 (dead=24.7 Mm3, Live=33.3 Mm3) and the average annual runoff at the project site is 375.6

Mm3. The regulated water released from the reservoir will be balanced at Katapathar by
constructing a barrage for irrigation and drinking water supply purposes. The beneficiary states for

usage of water will be Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi and
Rajasthan.

FUTURE ASPECTS
1. Pre-monsoon and post monsoon collection.
2. Capacity

3. Advantage of this dam

4. Supply to the areas near Lakhwar dam

5. Complete study of the Lakhwar dam.
6. environment friendly or not
7. Cost that will come

8. Number of spillways made

9. How many canal distributed

10. Distribution of reservoir water