Human rights

Introduction
Human right are the right of human
possess by human simply as and because they are human, it is a moral principles
or norms which describe certain standards of human behavior, and are regularly
protected as legal inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being
, it is born right and these rights are inherent to all human beings, whatever t
he nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, relig
ion, language, or any other status , human rights are those rights which are ess
ential for a dignified and a decent human living as well as human existence and
adequate development of human personality. We are all equally entitled to our hu
man rights without discrimination. It is the only tool to fulfill the gap betwee
n the human civil, political, economic, social and culture right. The foundation
of human rights is the notion that every person should live in equality, dignit
y and freedom, towards the end. There is no precise definition of Human Rights.
The Oxford Power Dictionary (1993) defines human rights as the basic freedom that
all people should have . The human rights basically emerge out of human needs and
capabilities. In a simple language, human rights are meant for human beings to s
atisfy their basic needs.
Development of human right
Human rights are as old as human civilization; but their use and relevance have
been well defined during the recent years. It has gathered more importance in t
he post-second-world war period developed in the aftermath of the Second World W
ar after the atrocities of The Holocaust, slavery, torture, genocide, and war cr
imes,, particularly after the United Nation s Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR)
in 1948. The global community recognized that it had to go far beyond simply pro
hibiting genocide, but instead develop a vision which protected the basic human
rights; these rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible. Unive
rsal Declaration of Human Rights talk about the basic right of human being The D
eclaration arose directly from the experience of the Second World War and repres
ents the first global expression of rights to which all a human beings are inher
ently entitled. From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged
over the latter half of the twentieth century, possibly as a reaction of human s
ecurity as a realization of inherent human vulnerability and as being a precondi
tion for the possibility of a just society. The idea of declaration of human rig
ht is heavily influenced by the convention like of Magna Carta (1215) and Bill o
f Rights (England) 1689 , philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and john Locke , the Ameri
can declaration of independent (1776) and 1789 French Declaration of Rights of m
en and citizens ,The Declaration of human rights consists of thirty articles whic
h have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties. Alongside UDHR many
international treaties, customary international law, international humanitarian
law and united nation system related to human right became the main promoter an
d protector of human right.
principle of human rights
Universal and inalienable law:The principle of universality of human rights is the cornerstone of internationa
l human rights law. This principle, as first emphasized in the Universal Declara
tion on Human Rights in 1948, has been reiterated in numerous international huma
n rights conventions, declarations, and resolutions. The 1993 Vienna World Confe
rence on Human Rights, for example, noted that it is the duty of States to promo
te and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms, regardless of their po
litical, economic and cultural systems
Interdependent and indivisible:
All human rights are indivisible, whether they are civil and political rights, s
uch as the right to life, equality before the law and freedom of expression; eco

nomic, social and cultural rights, such as the rights to work, social security a
nd education, or collective rights, such as the rights to development and self-d
etermination, are indivisible, interrelated and interdependent. The improvement
of one right facilitates advancement of the others. Likewise, the deprivation of
one right adversely affects the others.
Equal and non-discriminatory:
Non-discrimination is a cross-cutting principle in international human rights la
w. The principle is present in all the major human rights treaties and provides
the central theme of some of international human rights conventions such as the
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discriminatio
n and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against W
omen. The principle applies to everyone in relation to all human rights and fre
edoms and it prohibits discrimination on the basis of a list of non-exhaustive c
ategories such as sex, race, color and so on. The principle of non-discriminatio
n is complemented by the principle of equality, as stated in Article 1 of the Un
iversal Declaration of Human Rights: All human beings are born free and equal in
dignity and rights.
Both Rights and Obligations:
Human rights entail both rights and obligations. States assume obligations and d
uties under international law to respect, to protect and to fulfill human rights
. The obligation to respect means that States must refrain from interfering with
or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. The obligation to protect requires
States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses. The oblig
ation to fulfill means that States must take positive action to facilitate the e
njoyment of basic human rights. At the individual level, while we are entitled o
ur human rights, we should also respect the human rights of others.
Rights described by declaration of human right and other conceptual rights
There are mainly five types of right which has been practiced and being practice
d as described by the universal human right declaration and other source of huma
n right law which are civil , political , economic , social and cultural but as
the concept of human right evolve, many solidarity rights has been realized to
be important which is far more future oriented human right .The UDHR urges membe
r nations to promote a number of human, civil, economic and social rights, asser
ting these rights as part of the "foundation of freedom, justice and peace in th
e world. Although accepted by the signatories to the UDHR, most do not in practi
ce give equal weight to the different types of rights. Some Western cultures hav
e often given priority to civil and political rights, sometimes at the expense o
f economic and social rights such as the right to work, to education, health and
housing. Similarly the ex-Soviet bloc countries and Asian countries have tended
to give priority to economic, social and cultural rights, but have often failed
to provide civil and political rights. Now, here we will be discussing them all
in brief
1 Civil and political rights,
2, economic social and cultural rights
3 solidarity rights
1 Civil and political rights,
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freed
om from infringement by governments, social organizations and private individual
s, and which ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life
of the society and state without discrimination or repression. Civil and politi
cal right consist of Freedom of speech, Right to a fair trial , right to vote ri
ght to life ,right to liberty and freedom ,right to the pursuit of happiness ,ri
ght to live your life free of discrimination ,right to a fair trial and due proc
ess of the law ,right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment, right to be
free from torture, right to be free from slavery ,right to freedom of speech ,ri
ght to freedom of thought.

2, economic social and cultural rights

Economic social and cultural rights are part of a range of legal principles base
d on the philosophy of human cultural and social obligations in which economic e
quality and freedom are preserved and it is concerned with basic human needs for f
ood, shelter, water and for the means to provide those things for oneself.. Econ
omic social and cultural rights guarantee that every person be afforded conditio
ns under which they are able to meet their needs. In particular, economic and so
cial rights include:The right to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food, clothing a
nd housing:
The Right to Food guaranteeing freedom from hunger and access to safe and nutrit
ious food. Food should be available in a quantity and quality sufficient to sati
sfy the dietary needs of individuals, free from adverse substances, and acceptab
le within a given culture. Food should be physically and economically accessible
in ways that do not interfere with the enjoyment of other human rights. Food sh
ould be secure, or accessible, for both present and future generations. any disc
rimination in access to food, clothing and housing as well as to means and enti
tlements for its procurement, on the grounds of race, color, sex, language, age,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birt
h or other status constitutes a violation of the right to food.
The right to work and form trade union and groups:
The Right to Work guaranteeing the opportunity to have fulfilling and dignified
work under safe and healthy conditions with fair wages affording a decent living
for oneself and one's family. It also provides for freedom from unemployment an
d the right to organize. The right of everyone to form trade unions and join a t
rade union the right to freely associate with whomever you like and to join grou
ps of which you'd like to be a part
The right to the highest attainable standards of physical and mental health :
The Right to Health ensuring the highest attainable standard of physical and men
tal health including access to care, nutrition, and clean water and air.
The right to education :
The Right to Education enabling all persons to participate effectively in a free
society and is directed to the full development of the human personality. The r
ight to education ensures access to quality schools and to an education that is
directed towards the full development of the human personality
the right to social protection :
The Right to Social Security guaranteeing that everyone regardless of age or ab
ility to work has the means necessary to procure basic needs and services, Seve
ral key human rights principles are fundamental to guaranteeing the right to soc
ial security: Comprehensiveness: Social security implicitly covers all the risks
involved in the loss of means of subsistence for reasons beyond a person s contro
l.
Flexibility: The retirement age should be flexible, depending on the occupations
performed and the working ability of elderly persons, with due regard to demogr
aphic, economic, and social factors.
Non-discrimination: Social security must be provided without discrimination (in
intent or effect) based on health status, race, ethnicity, age, sex, sexuality,
disability, language, religion, national origin, income, or social status.
.The right to freely exercise your religion , culture and practice your religiou
s beliefs and culture without fear of being prosecuted for your beliefs.
3 solidarity rights
solidarity right are those type of right that was evolve after the maximum usage
and understanding of basic five right which are civil ,political ,economic ,soc
ial and cultural right , it consist of human psyche and the concept of sharing a
nd preserving for coming generation it is most debated and lacks both legal and

political recognition. This categorization is at odds with the indivisibility of

rights, as it implicitly states that some rights can exist without others. Prio
ritization of rights for pragmatic reasons is however a widely accepted necessit
y right likes
right to live in peace ,
Right to live in clean environment are some example of the solidarity right .
The right to reproductive freedom including the right to choose abortion
The right to be free from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientatio
n, including the right to
marry a person of the same sex.
The right to bear arms and to not have the government infringe unduly on th
at right
The right to regular and affordable health insurance subsidized or supporte
d by the government or provided by a single payer system
except solidarity right all the civil political economic social and cultural rig
ht have been protected in the universal declaration of human right article, Inte
rnational Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights , Convention on the Ri
ghts of the Child , Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrim
ination ,Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Wo
men Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination , Conven
tion on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and in many international regio
nal treaties .there are many organization internationally or nationally running
to preserve the human right under the circumstances of united nation such as amn
esty international , national human right commission of every nation , human rig
ht and peace society , .etc.
Conclusion
human right is a principle of equality , freedom , opportunity and security shar
ed among human by the human for the human no matter what his /her nationality or
igin gender state religion caste age sex is .it stays above all these political
senses ( nationality , origin , gender, state, religion , caste ,age sex ) and i
ts sees all of them as a single human .
Human right is a notion of being us or we are human. It is savior of the human r
ace and humanity whenever human are neglected for being different nationalist, r
eligious, group , colors , sex and age it provide a full guarantees of protecti
on and rights . As it evolves it will make the world one world and talked about
the humanity as a own being. The problem of human rights is that people and coun
tries have a different understanding of the term and its protection. In some cou
nties political and civil rights are not given or guaranteed to all its citizens
. In some other countries, economic and social rights are not enforced, therefor
e, the basic idea behind stressing human rights is that all governments should t
ry to maintain these fundamental rights and see that all types of discrimination
in this respect are rooted out.