CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet

8.2 Fleming Left Hand Rule

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet

1. If a current carrying coil is placed in a magnetic field (As shown in diagram above), a pair of forces will
be produced on the coil. This is due to the interaction of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet and
the magnetic filed of the current carrying coil.
2. The diagram below shows the catapult field produced.

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet

The direction of the force can be determined by Fleming's left hand rule.
3. Since the current in both sides of the coil flow in opposite direction, the forces produced are also in
opposite direction. The 2 forces in opposite direction constitute a couple which produces a turning
effect to make the coil rotate.
4. Examples of electric equipment whose operation is based on this turning effect are
a. the direct current motor
b. the moving coil meter.

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet
8.2: Force Acting on a Current-carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Fields
1.

If a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic fields as shown in the experiment, the conductor
will experiences a ..

Magnet
C-Shape iron

Power Supply

Freely conductor

Long conductor

2. Draw the combination (called catapult field) of two electromagnetic fields below and show the
direction of movement of the conductor.

3. Flemings left-hand rule can be use to determine the direction of the force acting or the motion of the
conductor.

First Finger ( Field )

Thumb ( Thrust force
)
N

Centre Finger ( Current

)

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet
Effect of Two Parallel Current-carrying Coils in a Magnetic Field
1. If two current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic fields as shown in the
experiment, the conductor will experience or .. force
between them.
2. Complete the diagram for current with opposite direction flows in two parallel
conductor below:

The two conductor will .. to each other

3. Complete the diagram for current with same direction flows in two parallel
conductor below:

The two conductor will .. to each other

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet

The strength of the force can be increased by:

a. Increase the current
b. Using a stronger magnet
c. using a longer wire
d. Arranging the wire perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.
Turning Effect of a Current-carrying Coil in a Magnetic Field
1. Consider a current-carrying coil ABCD placed between the poles magnet as shown in the figure below.
upward

2. As the current flows through the coil from A to D, an ... (1) force acts on the arm CD
downward

whereas a (3) force acts on the arms AB according to Flemings Left Hand rule.
N

Coil
S

Carbon
brush

2
3

Magnet
D
current
commutator

Electrical energy

Kinetic energy

3. Draw the catapult filed formed and draw arrows to show the movement of arms AB and CD.

AB

CD
F

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet
F

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet

current
Direct Current Motor 1
B

Carbon Brush : To complete the circuit when it is in contact with commutator.

Commutator : To reverse the direction of the current in the coil for every half rotation of the coil so that the rotation remain
current

in one direction only.

S
Degree :

current
3

Current flow : Yes / No

2

... N
Arm AB : . N
Arm CD :
Rotation : .

Degree :

Coil
Coil

Current flow : Yes / No

C

.....
B
B

Arm AB : .
Arm CD :
Rotation :

Degree :
Current flow : Yes / No

.....
Arm AB : .
Arm CD :
Rotation :
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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet

Degree :
current
B
A

Current flow : Yes / No

.....

C
D

Arm AB : .
N
Arm CD :
Rotation :

.
Coil

Comparison with Alternating Current Motor

a.c
supply

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet
Factors that affect the speed of rotation of an electric motor
1. The magnitude of force acting on a conductor in a magnetic increases by:
i. Increasing the current flow
ii. Stronger magnet used
2. The speed of rotation of the coil also can increased by:
i.
ii.
iii. .
iv.
v. .

Moving Coil Ammeter

3
The angle of deflection
is directly proportional
to the current flows in
the coil

2
The force acting
causes the coil to
rotate and lead the
pointer to the
deflection

4
The hair spring will
restore the pointer
back to its original
position.

1
When current flows in
moving coil, magnetic
field of radial magnet
will interacts with
magnetic field produce
by the coil

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet
Light Indicator

1. A light indicator which has lower inertia is used to increase

Linear Scale

the sensitivity of the meter.

1. Due to the radial magnetic field and the cylindrical softiron core, a linear scale is produced.
2. A linear scale is more accurate and easier to be read.

Mirror
1. A mirror is used to prevent parallax error.
2. When the observer's eye is exactly above the indicator, the
indicator will cover its own image on the mirror.
Curved Permanent Magnet
1. A curved permanent magnet is used to produce a radial
field.
2. A radial field is a magnetic field where the field lines are
either pointing away or toward the center of the field.
3. A radial can be focused by a cylindrical soft-iron core.
Rectangular Coils
1. When a current flows through the coils, a force will be
generated due to the interaction between the magnetic field
of the permanent magnet and the coil.
2. The force will turn the coils, which in turn move the
Cylindrical Soft-Iron Core

indicator.
1. A cylindrical soft iron core is placed inside the radial field
produced by the curved magnet.
2. A soft-iron core can focus the magnetic field of the
permanent magnet.

Hair Spring
1. The deflection of the coil and the indicator stops when the
force is balanced by the opposing force from the hair
spring.
2. The angle of deflection is directly proportional to the
magnitude of the current in the coil.

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