12 Chemical analysis

Answers

Answers to Topic 12 Test yourself questions

1 a) Adding hydrochloric acid to a
reactive metal such as magnesium
or to a carbonate.
b) Warming ammonium chloride with
alkali giving a pungent smell of
ammonia.
c) Adding acid or alkali to an indicator;
displacement reactions of halogens
d) Adding silver nitrate solution to a
solution of a chloride, bromide,
iodide or sodium hydroxide to most
solutions of metal ions.
e) Any exothermic reaction including
burning.
2 a) precipitation
b) redox
c) acidbase
d) precipitation
e) thermal decomposition (also redox)
3 a) Ionic precipitation to form silver
iodide.
Ag+(aq) + I(aq) AgI(s)
b) Acidbase reaction forming
magnesium chloride, carbon dioxide
and water.
MgCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)
MgCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
c) Acidbase and ionic precipitation
forming calcium carbonate and
water. Overall this can be
summarised as:
Ca2+(aq) + 2OH(aq) + CO2(g)
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
d) Ionic precipitation producing
iron(III) hydroxide.
Fe3+(aq) + 3OH(aq) Fe(OH)3(s)
e) Acidbase to form ammonium
chloride.
NH3(g) + HCl(g) NH4Cl(s)
4 a) Useful in diagnosis to see if a
patient has diabetes. Correct
monitoring and treatment depends
on accurate values.
b) Useful to the police to see if they
should prosecute for drink driving.

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Incorrect analysis could lead to the

wrong decision about whether or
not to prosecute.
c) Useful to a mining company to
assess whether an ore is worth
mining. Investment in new mines is
very costly.
d) Useful to those monitoring air
pollution in cities to see if there is a
risk to the health of
the population. People with
breathing
problems refer to forecasts and
websites to decide whether or not to
go out on a particular day.
Sodium hydroxide pellets quickly pick
up moisture from the air (they are
deliquescent). This means that they
cannot be weighed accurately.
Hydrated sodium carbonate gradually
loses its water of crystallisation. A
sample of the solid does not have a
definite composition. Anhydrous
sodium carbonate can be heated
strongly to drive off any water. It is a
stable compound which does not
decompose on heating.
a) measure 50cm3 of the acid solution
into the flask, make up to the mark
and mix well.
b) measure 10cm3 of the NaOH(aq)
into the flask, make up to the mark
and mix well.
a) 0.001moldm3
b) 0.40moldm3
0.108moldm3
0.222moldm3
H3PO3(aq) + 2NaOH(aq)
Na2HPO3(aq) + 2H2O(l)

a) IO3 (aq) + 5I(aq) + 6H+(aq)

3I2(aq) + 3H2O(l)
b) 0.0166moldm3
c) 0.124moldm3
a) pipette:

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G. Hill and A. Hunt 2008 Edexcel Chemistry for AS CD-ROM

12 Chemical analysis

Answers

random not aligning the bottom

of the meniscus with the
graduation
systematic manufacturing
tolerance such that the volume is
not exactly as stated, not working
at the temperature for which the
glassware is calibrated, not
allowing the pipette to drain
under gravity, touching the tip on
the surface of the solution.
b) burette:
random errors in taking
readings from the bottom of the
meniscus and the graduation
scale, judging the end-point from
the colour change
systematic manufacturing
tolerance such that the volume is
not exactly as stated, not working
at the temperature for which the
glassware is calibrated.

2 of 3
G. Hill and A. Hunt 2008 Edexcel Chemistry for AS CD-ROM

12 Chemical analysis

Answers

c) making up a standard solution:

random the possibility of slight
losses when dissolving the solid
and transferring the solution,
errors in making up the volume of
the solution to the mark

systematic using a reagent that

is not 100% pure, manufacturing
tolerance such that the volume is
not exactly as stated, not working
at the temperature for which the
glassware is calibrated.

3 of 3
G. Hill and A. Hunt 2008 Edexcel Chemistry for AS CD-ROM