Edited by Foxit Reader

Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2010

For Evaluation Only.

ASSIGNMENT 2
2016
SPRING SEMESTER 2015
ME 201/ES 202 - ENGINEERING STATISTICS
1. A production lot contains hundred items five of which are defective. A sample of
three items is selected, without replacement, from this lot. Let X be the number of
defective items in the sample.
(a) Write the Sample Space of this experiment.
(b) Make a Probability Distribution Table of X.
(c) Sketch a graph of p.m.f. of X.
(d) Calculate Mean and Variance of X.
Answer: (d) E(X) = 0.1505 and V ar(X) = 0.1396
2. Find a formula for Probability Distribution of the total number of heads obtained
in three tosses os a balanced coin and use it to generate corresponding Probability
Distribution Table.


3
Answer: fX (x) =

3. A fair cubicle die is tossed 2 times. Let X be the sum and Y be the difference of
outcome numbers that result.
(a) Write the Range Sets of X and Y.
(b) Make Probability Distribution Tables of X and Y.
(c) Sketch graphs of p.m.f. of X and Y.
(d) Calculate Mean and Variance of X and Y.
Answer: (d) E(X) = 7 and V ar(X) =

35
;
6

E(Y ) =

35
18

and V ar(Y ) =

665
324

4. A fair cubicle die is tossed 2 times. Let X be the sum and Y be the difference of
outcome numbers that result.
6 |x 7|
is the p.m.f. of X.
36
(b) Calculate P r(X = 9 and Y = 3).
(a) Verify that f (x) =

(c) Are X and Y independent?

Answer: (b)

1
18

(c) No

5. Check whether the function given by

f (x) =

x+2
25

can serve as p.m.f. of a random variable X whose range is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.

Answer: Yes
1

6. A fair coin is tossed three times. Let X be the total number of heads obtained as
a result. Write down Cumulative Distribution Function of X and graph it.
7. Let X be a random variable with range consisting of the values x1 < x2 < x3 <
xn . Then prove that
fX (x1 ) = FX (x1 )

fX (xi ) = FX (xi ) FX (xi1 )

and

8. For what values of k can

(1 k)k x for x = 0, 1, 2, . . .
serve as the p.m.f. of a random variable?
Answer: 0 < k < 1
9. Given that X has the distribution function

0 f or

4 f or
FX (x) = 12 f or

f or

1 f or

x < 1
1x<1
1x<3
3x<5
x5

find the following probabilities:

(a) P r(X 3) (b) P r(X = 3)
(c) P r(X < 3)
(d) P r(X > 1) (e) P r(1 < X < 4)
1
1
1
1
3
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Answer: (a)
4
4
2
2
2
10. Let X be a random variable with range consisting of the values x1 < x2 < x3 <
xn . Then prove that
(a) P r(X > xi ) = 1 FX (xi ) for i = 1, 2, , n;
(b) P r(X xi ) = 1 FX (xi1 ) for i = 2, , n;
(c) P r(X x1 ) = 1.
11. A coin is biased so that heads is three times as likely as tails. For three independent
tosses of the coin, let X be the total number of heads observed. Find
(a) the Probability Distribution of X;
(b) the probability of getting at most two heads;
(c) P r(1 < X 3);
(d) P r(X > 2);
(e) the Mean and Variance of X.
Answer: (b)

37
64

(c)

27
32

(d)

27
64
2

9
9
(e) E(x) = ; V ar(X) =
4
16

12. Let the p.d.f. of a CRV X be given by

c
, f or 0 < x < 4,
x
fX (x) =
0,
elsewhere.
Find
(a) the value of c;
(b) the distribution function of X;
(c) P r(X > 1);
(d) E(X);
(e) V ar(X).
Answer: (a) c =

1
4

(c)

1
2

(d)

4
3

(e)

64
45

13. Let the p.d.f. of a CRV Z be given by

(
2
kzez , f or z > 0,
fZ (z) =
0,
f or z 0.
Find
(a) the value of k;
(b) the distribution function of Z;
(c) P r(Z > 1);
(d) E(Z);
(e) V ar(Z).

Hint:

R
0

x2

dx =

Answer: (a) k = 2

2
1
(c)
= e1 = 0.36788
e

(d)
2

(e) 1

14. Let the density function of X be given by

(
6x(1 x), f or 0 < x < 1,
fX (x) =
0,
elsewhere.
Find
(a) the distribution function of X;
(b) P r(X > 21 );
(c) the Median of X (the value of m such that FX (m) = 0.5);
(d) first four moments of X;
(e) E(X);
(f) V ar(X).
3

1
Answer: (b)
2
1
(f)
20

(c)

1
2

(d) M1 =

1
3
1
1
; M2 = ; M3 = ; M4 =
2
10
5
7

(e)

1
2

15. Let the distribution function of X be given by

0,
f or x < 1,

x+1
FX (x) =
, f or 1 < x < 1,

1,
elsewhere.
Find
(a) the density function of X;
(b) P r( 21 < X < 21 );
(c) the Median of X (the value of m such that FX (m) = 0.5);
(d) first two moments of X;
(e) E(X);
(f) V ar(X).
1
Answer: (b)
2
1
V ar(X) =
3

(c) x = 0

(d) M1 = 0; M2 =

1
3

(e) E(X) = 0

(f)

16. The tread wear (in thousands of kilometers) of a certain kind of tire is a random
variable whose probability density function is given by
(
x
1 30
f or x > 0
e
30
fX (x) =
0
elsewhere
Find the probabilities that the tire will last
(a) at most 19,000 kilometers;
(b) at least 19,000 kilometers;
(c) anywhere from 29,000 to 38,000 kilometers;
(d) at least 48,000 kilometers.
Answer: (a) 0.46918

(b) 0.53082

(c) 0.09858

(d) 0.20189

17. Continuation of Problem 16.

(a) Calculate the average life of the tire.
(b) Calculate the probability that the tire will wear out before its average life.
(c) Calculate the probability that the tire will last at least its average life.
Answer: (a) 30,000 km

(b) 0.63212

(c) 0.36788

18. A lottery game pays $10 to the player each time he rolls an even sum with a pair
of fair cubicle dice; while the player pays back $10 each time he rolls an odd sum.
4

(a) Is this a fair game?

(b) The player plays 100 games. What is his expected income/loss?
Answer: (a) Yes

(b) Zero

19. A person uses a bunch of n keys to open his door lock where only one key is the
right one. He tries different keys, one at a time, until the lock opens. What is the
average number of keys that he has to try before he unlocks the door?
Answer:

n+1
2

20. A box contains 7 red and 3 blue balls. Ball are selected at random, one at a time
and without replacement, until we get the first red ball. What is the expected
number of balls drawn until we get the first red ball?
Answer:

11
= 1.375
8