Taller de Electromagnetismo

Vlido como una evaluacin de quices, para entregar el 14 de Mayo de 2007 a las 5:30 P.M,
escrito a mano en hojas cuadriculadas doble oficio.
1. Distinguish between electric potential and electric potential energy.
2. A negative charge moves in the direction of a uniform electric field. Does the potential energy
of the charge increase or decrease? Does it move to a position of higher or lower potential?
3. Give a physical explanation of the fact that the potential energy of a pair of like charges is
positive whereas
the potential energy of a pair of unlike charges is negative.
4. A uniform electric field is parallel to the x axis. In what direction can a charge be displaced in
this field without any external work being done on the charge?
5. Explain why equipotential surfaces are always perpendicular to electric field lines.
6. Describe the equipotential surfaces for (a) an infinite line of charge and (b) a uniformly
charged sphere.
7. Explain why, under static conditions, all points in a conductor must be at the same electric
potential.
8. The electric field inside a hollow, uniformly charged Why is it important to avoid sharp edges
or points on conductors used in high-voltage equipment?
14. How would you shield an electronic circuit or laboratory from stray electric fields? Why does
this work?
15. Why is it relatively safe to stay in an automobile with a metal body during a severe
thunderstorm?
16. Walking across a carpet and then touching someone can result in a shock. Explain why this
occurs.
Over a certain region of space, the electric potential is
Find the
expressions for the x, y,and z components of the electric field over this region. What is the
magnitude of the field at the point P, which has coordinates (1, 0, _2) m?
A small spherical object carries a charge of 8.00 nC. At what distance from the center of the
object is the potential equal to 100 V? 50.0 V? 25.0 V? Is the spacing of the equipotentials
proportional to the change in potential?
A wire of finite length that has a uniform linear charge density is bent into the shape shown in
Figure P25.46.
Find the electric potential at point O.

At a certain distance from a point charge, the magnitude of the electric field is 500 V/m and the
electric potential is _3.00 kV. (a) What is the distance to the charge? (b) What is the magnitude of
the charge?

A GeigerMller counter is a radiation detector that essentially consists of a hollow cylinder (the
cathode) of
inner radius ra and a coaxial cylindrical wire (the anode) of radius rb (Fig. P25.62). The charge per
unit
length on the anode is _, while the charge per unit length on the cathode is __. (a) Show that the
magnitude
of the potential difference between the wire and the cylinder in the sensitive region of the
detector is

(b) Show that the magnitude of the electric field over that region is given by

where r is the distance from the center of the anode to the point where the field is to be
calculated.
A 50.0-m length of coaxial cable has an inner conductor that has a diameter of 2.58 mm and
carries a charge of 8.10 _C. The surrounding conductor has an inner diameter of 7.27 mm and a
charge of _8.10 _C. (a) What is the capacitance of this cable? (b) What is the potential difference
between the two conductors? Assume the region between the conductors is air.
A small rigid object carries positive and negative 3.50-nC charges. It is oriented so that the
positive charge is at the point (_1.20 mm, 1.10 mm) and the negative charge is at the point (1.40
mm, _1.30 mm). (a) Find the electric dipole moment of the object. The object is placed in an
electric field E _ (7 800i _ 4 900j) N/C. (b) Find the torque acting on the object. (c) Find the
potential energy of the object in this orientation. (d) If the orientation of the object can change,
find the difference between its maximum and its minimum potential energies.

The inner conductor of a coaxial cable has a radius of 0.800 mm, and the outer conductors
inside radius is 3.00 mm. The space between the conductors is filled with polyethylene, which
has a dielectric constant of
2.30 and a dielectric strength of 18.0 106 V/m. What is the maximum potential difference that
this cable can
withstand?

Find the equivalent capacitance between points a and b in the combination of

capacitors shown in Figure P26.30.

Find the charge at 6 F capacitor.

A conducting spherical shell has inner radius a and outer radius c. The space
between these two surfaces is filled with a dielectric for which the dielectric
constant is 1 between a and b, and 2 between b and c (Fig. P26.47).
Determine the capacitance of this system.

Evaluate the equivalent capacitance of the configuration shown in Figure P26.22. All the
capacitors are identical, and each has capacitance C.

The inner conductor of a coaxial cable has a radius of 0.800 mm, and the outer conductors
inside radius is
3.00 mm. The space between the conductors is filled with polyethylene, which has a dielectric
constant of
2.30 and a dielectric strength of 18.0 *106 V/m. What is the maximum potential difference that
this cable can withstand?

Suppose that the current through a conductor decreases exponentially with time according to the
expression
where I0 is the initial current (at t=0 and is a constant having dimensions of
time. Consider a fixed observation point within the conductor. (a) How much charge passes this
point between t=0 and t= (b) How much charge passes this point between t=0 and t= (c)
How much charge passes this point between t=0 and t= .
A lightbulb has a resistance of 240 _ when operating at a voltage of 120 V. What is the current
through the
lightbulb?

Suppose that you wish to fabricate a uniform wire out of G gramms of copper. If the wire is to
have a resistance of R, and if all of the copper is to be used, what will be (a) the length and (b)
the diameter of this wire?

A solid cube of silver (density _ 10.5 g/cm3) has a mass of 90.0 g. (a) What is the resistance
between opposite
faces of the cube? (b) If there is one conduction electron for each silver atom, what is the
average drift speed
of electrons when a potential difference of 1.00 * 10-5 V is applied to opposite faces? (The atomic
number of silver is 47, and its molar mass is 107.87 g/mol.)
An aluminum wire with a diameter of 0.100 mm has a uniform electric field with a magnitude of
0.200 V/m

imposed along its entire length. The temperature of the wire is 50.0C. Assume one free electron
per atom.
(a) Using the information given in Table 27.1, determine the resistivity. (b) What is the current
density in
the wire? (c) What is the total current in the wire? (d) What is the drift speed of the conduction
electrons?
(e) What potential difference must exist between the ends of a 2.00-m length of the wire if the
stated electric
field is to be produced?

A coil of Nichrome wire is 25.0 m long. The wire has a diameter of 0.400 mm and is at 20.0C. If
it carries a
current of 0.500 A, what are (a) the magnitude of the electric field in the wire and (b) the power
delivered to
it? (c) If the temperature is increased to 340C and the potential difference across the wire
remains constant,
what is the power delivered?
Batteries are rated in terms of ampere-hours (A _ h): For example, a battery that can produce a
current of 2.00 A for 3.00 h is rated at 6.00 A /h. (a) What is the total energy, in kilowatt-hours,
stored in a 12.0-V battery rated at 55.0 A / h? (b) At a rate of $0.060 0 per kilowatt-hour, what is
the value of the electricity produced by this battery?

A straight cylindrical wire lying along the x axis has a length of 0.500 m and a diameter of 0.200
mm. It is
made of a material described by Ohms law with a resistivity of
Assume that a potential of 4.00 V is maintained at x=0 and that V=0 at x=0. Find (a) the electric
field E in the wire, (b) the resistance of the wire, (c) the electric current in the wire, and (d) the
current density J in the wire. Express vectors in vector notation. (e) Show that

Una conexin en serie de tres bombillas de 60 W, 75 W, y 200 W, a una

diferencia de potenciales de 120 V.

Por qu las intensidades de las bombillas son diferentes?

Cmo seran sus intensidades relativas; si ellas se conectan en serie?
Cual bombilla tiene la mayor resistencia?
Cmo seran sus intensidades relativas; si ellas se conectan en
paralelo?

Dos bombillas conectadas a la misma diferencia de potencial. Las

bombillas se conectan a una batera de 120V.
Para las dos bombillas mostradas en Figura, calcule los valores de las
corrientes a travs de los puntos a-b, c-d, e-f.

Calcule la resistencia de Rc-d

A series circuit consists of three identical lamps that are connected to a battery as shown in
Figure Q28.23. When switch S is closed, what happens (a) to the intensities of lamps A and B, (b)
to the intensity of lamp C, (c) to the current in the circuit, and (d) to the voltage across the three
lamps? (e) Does the power delivered to the circuit increase, decrease, or remain the same?

If and in Figure P28.23, determine the direction and magnitude of the current in the horizontal
wire between a and e.