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Application of uav imaging technology to river

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UAV

231

Journal of the Chinese Institute of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 231240, 2015

UAV
1

10

11

12

13

(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV)

UAV

APPLICATION OF UAV IMAGING TECHNOLOGY TO RIVER

FLOOD SIMULATION
J. S. Lai
Hydrotech Research Institute
National Taiwan University
Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.

J. Y. Han
Department of Civil Engineering
National Taiwan University
Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.

W. Y. Chang
National Center for High-Performance Computing
Hsinchu, Taiwan 30076, R.O.C.

Y. C. Liu
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Tamkang University
New Taipei City, Taiwan 25165, R.O.C.

10

11

12

13

232

S. C. Kang

C. T. Hsieh

()

Y. C. Tan

C. C. Huang

Department of Civil Engineering

National Taiwan University
Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.

Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering

National Taiwan University
Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.

F. Z. Lee

Y. T. Lin

Hydrotech Research Institute

National Taiwan University
Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.

Department of Civil Engineering

National Taiwan University
Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.

Franco Lin

R. Y. Chang

National Center for High-Performance Computing

Hsinchu, Taiwan 30076, R.O.C.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Tamkang University
New Taipei City, Taiwan 25165, R.O.C.

M. Z. Wen
Department of Civil Engineering
National Taiwan University
Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.
Key Words UAV, imaging technology, flood disaster mitigation,
floodplain management.

ABSTRACT
In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been widely used in
many research fields. Compared to remote sensing technology, UAVs have
advantages including easy setup, high mobility and low cost. The study area
selected is located in the river reach between the Hawchung Bridge and the
HawJung Bridge in the Sindian River which is one of the main tributaries of the
Tamsui River. UAV, as a carrier, with imaging facilities is adopted in this
study. Through image processing and analyzing technology, ground elevation
and landscape can be obtained to construct the topographical data for the
numerical model of river flood simulation. Technology of large scale particle
image velocimetry is applied to analyze image information captured by the
camera carried on UAV and to obtain observed velocity field for verifying the
numerical model. The 2D hydrodynamic flow model is used to simulate
various return-period flood cases and tidal flood-ebb flow conditions. The
simulated and observed results are useful for flood disaster mitigation as well as
the floodplain management.

[3,4]

[5]

UAV

[6,7]

[8] UAV

[1,2]

[9,10] UAV

UAV

233

UAV LSPIV

[11]

1990

PIV [12]

UAV

(Particle Image Velocimetry,

PIV)

(Large Scale Particle Image

Velocimetry, LSPIV) [13]LSPIV Fujita

et al. [14]

(space-time image

velocimetry)
Hauet et al. [15] PIV
(Large-scale adaptive PIV)

159 2,726

Hauet et al. [16]

(Real-time) LSPIV (RTLSPIV)

RTLSPIV

1,918 910

(USGS)

[22] 1

10 Kantoush et al. [17]

LSPIV

LSPIV

2 2015/01/191200 ()

2015/01/191600 ()

[18,19]

( 2(a)2(c))

( 2(b))

UAV

2014

12/22 12/24 12/23 12/24

[20]

12/22 12/23

UAV

UAV 2014

12/23

UAV

8 15

UAV

UAV

( 3 ) UAV

0.05 0.1

UAV

UAV

UAV

UAV

[3,11,21]

UAV

234

()

( UAV
)UAV

LSPIV
[6,7,10]

3.1

LSPIV
LSPIV UAV

LSPIV

4
(1) [13,25]
fg
1

fg (m, n)

(u, v) dt

M N

(a) 2015/01/19 1600 ()

(b) 2015/01/19 1200 ()

fg (m, n) f ( x, y ) g ( x m, y n)

(1)

x 1 y 1

fg (m, n) mn f t
g t dt MN (Interrogation
Area, IA) mn
(1) m
(c) 2015/01/19 1610 ((a) )

()

n
(sub-pixel)
5
m

(2)[26]

Lm

fg (m ' 1, n ') fg (m ' 1, n ')

2 2 fg (m ', n ') fg ( m ' 1, n ') fg ( m ' 1, n ')

(2)

(m, n) m 1 m 1 m
Lm (m, n)

(2) n Ln

UAV

UAV
UAV

m ' Lm ' n Ln '

(u, v)
,

dt
dt

(3)

u m v n

3.2

UAV UAV

SRH-2D

UAV

[10]

UAV

235

700
( 3 )UAV
110 130
SONY NEX-5T 16 mm
4912 2760 Pixel
171 80 (
4

6 )

PIV

(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)

fg (m' , n' )

UAV

fg (m'1, n' )

Lm

GPS

fg (m'1, n' )

7(a) UAV
8
103

m-1

m+1

m+2

UAV

(pixel)

(
)

(Maximum Likelihood method[23])

7(b)

SRH-2D

( 7(a)

h (hu ) (hv)

e
t
x
y
(hu ) (hu 2 ) (huv) ( hTxx ) (hTxy )

t
x
y
x
y
( zb h) (bx )
gh

Dxx Dxy
x

(hv) (huv) (hv2 ) (hTxy ) (hTyy )

t
x
y
x
y

)
( z h)
by
gh b

Dyx Dyy
y

(4)

()

(5)

(6)

t h u x

(Acoustic Doppler current profiler, ADcp)

v y e g
TxxTxyTyy Dxx Dxy
D yx D yy zb bx

by

4.2

LSPIV

3 UAV
2014/12/23 1218

4.1

1 4912 2760 Pixel

9

800

UAV

236

()

UAV
10 ((a)(b)
4.4(a)(b))

(a)

(b)

(a) (b)

11 (a) (
IA 128256512)(b) IA 128
(c) IA 256 (d) IA 512
8

IA
256 512 Pixel ( 11(c) 11(d) )
IA

0.14 m/s
LSPIV

( 1 )

4.3

() 9(a)

UAV (

ADCP

9(b) ) 10

UAV

LSPIV

2048 1536 Pixel

1 12(a)

LSPIV

(IA) IA 128, 256, 512 Pixel

1500

IA 11

ADCP

11(a) IA 64

Pixel

IA

IA

UAV

11(b) IA 128

( 8 )

Pixel LSPIV

12(b)

UAV

237

[22]

1,500
0.02
0.5

(a)

(b)

(c)

13 (a) (1200)(b) (1300)

(c) (1500)

(a)

12

(b)

13 2014/12/23

13(a) ~ 13(c) 1200 1500

((a) (b)

14

LSPIV

LSPIV

(c) ) 13(a)

13(b) 13(c)

LSPIV (2014/12/23/1200)
14

1
2
3
4
5
6

LSPIV
(m/s)
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.15
0.14
0.12
0.14

0.85 (m/s)
0.14
0.12
0.11
0.13
0.12
0.10
0.12

(m/s)
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.13

LSPIV

LSPIV

LSPIV

( 14 )

2 1 6 LSPIV

0.160.140.130.150.14 0.12 m/s

0.14 m/s 0.13 m/s

(U.S. Geological Survey, USGS) [18]

[22]

2 5 10 20 50 100 200

0.85 LSPIV 0.12 m/s

(Intergovernmental Panel on

5 10 LSPIV

Climate Change, IPCC) 2007

(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, SRES)

UAV

A1B (

238

()

) 1.2 200 [24]

2 5 10 200

10

2800

m /s4800 m /s6300 m /s10300 m /s12360 m /s

200

EL.3 m

16(d) 16(e)

( 12(b) ) 15(a)

(2 ) 5

15(b)) 10 ( 15(c))

1994

100 200

17

200

( 16

15(d) 15(e) 200

20 50 100 )

4 m 16

1.5

1.5 m/s ( 16(a) ) 5

16(b)16(c)

5000 m3/s

3 m/s

( 5.5 )

17

[24]

(a) 2

(b) 5

15

(a) 2

(c) 10

(d) 200

(e)

(b) 5

(c) 10

(e)

16

(d) 200

UAV

14

12

(1.5m)

10

(m)

239

y = 3.8586ln(x) - 25.93
R = 0.9706

5.5

y = 4.3076ln(x) - 30.649
R = 0.9876

4
2

()

()

UAV
UAV

0
0

3000

17

6000
9000
(m3/s)

12000

15000

UAV
UAV

(UAV)

(LSPIV)

NSC 103-2119-M-002 -006

(SRH-2D)

MOST 104-2119-M-002-009

LSPIV

LSPIV

LSPIV

(USGS)
0.12 m/s
(0.13 m/s)
5 10
LSPIV
UAV

(2 ) 5

10

10

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()

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