3.

Approaches and Methodologies

3.2 Approaches
3.2.1 General Approach
The Object oriented approached used for the project. Designing of the project will be done
using the UML. The Database of the system will be implemented using sql server 2005
3.2.2 Design and Development Approach
The Approach used for the prototype designed and development is Object Oriented method.
Object oriented method Prototype is a method of rapid development of applications in use
when developers wants to test the new technology. It is useful for the development of
interactive systems. The most important characteristic of prototyping accelerates the
development of the system. High flexibility and reliability of object orientation help easily
react to the changes in iteration.
3.2.3 Project Management Approach
Starting point of the project to till the final step to the project there must be a good
approach; otherwise the final out put must not be a good outcome, PRINCE2 approach used
for the E banking web solution. PRINCE2 effectively manage change and mitigate risk
planning. Furthermore PRINCE2 careful adaptation allows adapting the approach to the need
for the project.
3.2.4 Research Approach
In inductive approach, studying small samples might be more suitable, where as in
deductive approach large samples are tested. This method is more likely to be working with
qualitative data and a range of methods can be used to gather data. Inductive approach
moves from more specific observations to more generalized theories. This is also called the
bottom-up approach. (A. Burney, 2008) and it is illustrated gure 3.2 below.

Theory

Tentative Hypothesis

Pattern

Observation

Figure 3.2: Inductive Approach (A. Burney, 2008)

Inductive approach can used in order to gather data from customers and identify their
individual perspectives. For banks, similar to many other organizations, customers play a
major role in defining the quality standards in services offered as they are the most affected
part by the service quality offered by banks. Quality is a subjective attribute and different
customers would have different perceptions about the service quality. Therefore in order to
understand these different perspectives of different individuals an inductive approach would
be best suited for this project.
3.3 Methodologies
3.3.1 Development methodology
Rational Unified Process (RUP) was selected as the development methodology for Ebanking. RUP covers entirety the project and identifies the nature of the project phases
overlap with the activities involved. Rational Modified Process is designed together with UML
and supports Object Orientation.
3.3.2 Research methodology
Qualitative data, It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and
motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for
potential quantitative research. Qualitative Research is also used to uncover trends in
thought and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem.
Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data
or data that can be transformed into useable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes,
opinions, behaviours, and other defined variables and generalize results from a larger
sample population. Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and
uncover patterns in research. Quantitative data collection methods are much more
structured than Qualitative data collection methods.

3.4 Techniques
There are three main techniques that we planned to complete the project very successfully.
The techniques are illustrated in Figure 3.1.

Techniques

Research Technics

Sampling Techniques Fact finding Techniques

Project Plan
Work Breakdown Structure

Non probability Sampling Literature Survey

Questioner

Risk Log

Judgment Sampling
Interviews

Figure 3.1; Fact nding Techniques

Use case Diagrams

3.4.1 Research Techniques

Below Table 3.1 indicates the techniques used to collect the data for the research.

Technique
Literature Survey

Methodology
Qualitative

Explanation
Literature survey conduct on previous work
done on subject matter and find through the
publish materials (Journals, articles) studied
and encountered the problems and identify the

Questioner

Qualitative and

solution.
An online questionnaire was another method

Quantitative

used in gathering data in this research. Since

data should be gathered all around the country
except this method was used to send
questionnaires when it was dicult to reach.
This method offers greater control since most
users read and responds to their own mail.
Therefore E mail questionnaires will be used as

Interviews

Qualitative

a more reliable way to gather data

Interviews help researchers to obtain detailed
information about personal feelings,
perceptions and opinions. Also it allows more
detailed questions to be asked and usually the
respond rate is high. Another main advantage
of interviews is that if there are any
ambiguities, they can be clarified then and
there. In Interviews we can adopt in depth
information about the different problems.
Through interviews can gain better knowledge
about the subject matter.

Table 3.2; Research

Techniques

3.4.2 Project Management Techniques

Table 3.2 below indicates the project management techniques used for the project.

Techniques

Justication

Work Break Down Structure

WBS essentially identifies key project tasks and breaks

down into smaller components. WBS is the basis of the

Gantt charts

project schedule.
Gantt charts are the visible representation of the project
timeline. Gantt chart used to measure the projects
adherence to schedule. Also the Gant chart assists to the
project schedule by providing more understandable and
impressive procedure of maintaining timescale-based tasks

Risk Log

and project deliverables.

Risk are may arise when the changes done in the Project.
Risk register will assist to identify all possible risk which can
be occurred and it helps to identify and record all the risk
details with the analysis and plan of how the risk should be
treated.

Table 3.2; Project Management

Techniques

3.4.3 System Design Techniques

Table 3.3 below indicates the System Design techniques used for the project.

Techniques
Use Case Diagrams

Justication
It helps to represent the requirements and clearly shows the
functionality of the system. It is a language which can be

Story Boards

understood by the all the stakeholders.

Story Boards which are the graphic interfaces of the web
solution. This helps to get an idea before the developed web
solution.

Table 3.3; System Design

Techniques

3.5 Tools
Table 3.4 indicates the tools used for the project management, documentation, survey,
data analysis, system design, prototype design and system development.
Activity
Project Management

Tool
MS Project

Justication
Ms Project is used to draw the Gantt charts,
which visible representation of the project
timeline. Gantt chart used to measure the

Documentation

MS Word

projects adherence to schedule

MS Word used to the documentation,
because its very user friendly and its very
important when doing documentation.
There available lots of functions and
features in MS Word and those options will
be very helpful for when doing

Survey

Google Forms

documentation.
Google forms are very user friendly and
freely available online survey tool. We can
use the responses as both qualitative and
quantitative data.
Google forms have very user friendly back
end and it available lots of features in

Data Analysis

MS Excel

there.
MS Excel is the most suitable data analysis,
and can generate various kinds of data

System Design

Star UML

reports from the data gathered.

Star UML has more advance features than
the Rational Rose. Star UML is very user
friendly software and its free available to

Mock- ups Design

Balsamiq Mock-ups

use.
Balsamiq Mock- ups provides ideal
interface for the web base application
prototype and it has additional features
and it is very user friendly software tool to
use.

Prototype

Table 3.4;
Tools

4. Project Planning and Management

4.1 Project Management Approach
Starting point of the project to till the final step to the project there must be a good
approach; otherwise the final out put must not be a good outcome, PRINCE2 approach used
for the E banking web solution. PRINCE2 effectively manage change and mitigate risk
planning. Furthermore PRINCE2 careful adaptation allows adapting the approach to the need
for the project. PRINCE2 is an international projects management method which suits for the
any kind of projects, because it express the best practices in the project management and
provide a flexible and adjustable approach.
4.2 Project Management Techniques
4.2.1 Work Breakdown Structure
WBS essentially identifies key project tasks and breaks down into smaller components. WBS
is the basis of the project schedule. (Refer Appendix A)
4.2.2 Gantt Chart
Gantt charts are the visible representation of the project timeline. Gantt chart used to
measure the projects adherence to schedule. Also the Gant chart assists to the project
schedule by providing more understandable and impressive procedure of maintaining
timescale-based tasks and project deliverables. (Refer Appendix B)
4.2.3 Risk Log
Risk are may arise when the changes done in the Project. Risk register will assist to identify
all possible risk which can be occurred and it helps to identify and record all the risk details
with the analysis and plan of how the risk should be treated. (Refer Appendix C)
4.2.4 Supervisors Feedback and Encouragement
Regularly meetings with supervisor helps to what are the weak areas and what the more
important areas to improve highlight and briefly explain more to complete the project
successfully. It helps to ensure that the project is within scope.
4.3 Project Management Tools
Below table 4.1 indicates the tools which used to complete the Project management
Approach.
Activity

Tool

Justication

Project Management

MS Project

Ms Project is used to draw the Gantt charts,

which visible representation of the project
timeline. Gantt chart used to measure the
projects adherence to schedule

Table 4.3; Project

Management Tools