1. Original jurisdiction is the jurisdiction of the courts that hear a case first,
usually in a trial. These are the courts that determine the facts about a
brought to them on appeal from lower courts. These courts do not review
court sufficient connection to and harm from the law or action challenged
plaintiff can demonstrate that the plaintiff is (or will be) harmed by the
law. Otherwise, the court will rule that the plaintiff "lacks standing" to
bring the suit, and will dismiss the case without considering the merits of
state-level federal judicial posts are not confirmed if they are opposed by
the senator from the state in which the nominee will serve. The tradition
and commented that "he represents the kind of political, economic, and
surprise of many, Warren was a much more liberal justice than had been
that nominating Warren for the Chief Justice seat was "the biggest
throughout his career, Brennan played a leading role in the Warren Court's
6. In the arena of civil rights, the Warren Court played a very activist role,
of Education, the Court stated that “in the field of public education the
the equal protection of the laws.” Brown v Board of Education put an end
7. Cases that involve major issues –especially civil liberties, conflict between
deciding cases that are too politically “hot” to handle or that divide the
the process now takesmuch longer. Some speculate this is because of the
Secondly, Presidents’ most often pick nominees who have the same
ideology as them. They try to “pack” (reference to FDR Era) the courts
with people who they know will agree with them on certain policies.
race and gender have become important criteria. For instance, the former
Lewis Powell retired in July 1987, Reagan nominated Robert Bork. Bork
Marshall. Marshall had been the only black justice on the court. While the
including the NAACP, the Urban League, and NOW based on Thomas's
confirmation vote for a Justice in the 20th century. There are many