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149
5 AUTHORS, INCLUDING:
Eduardo peris mora
Universitat Politcnica de Valncia
49 PUBLICATIONS 919 CITATIONS
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0025-326X/$ - see front matter _ 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
ECOaddress:
INFORMATION
(Euromagazine, 2003), and in the same year, Rotterdam port began the GREEN
69.E-mail
eperis@cst.upv.es (E. Peris-Mora).
www.elsevier.com/locate/marpolbul
Development of a system
of
indicato
rs for
sustaina
ble port
manage
ment
a,*
E. Peris-Mora , J.M.
b
Diez Orejas , A.
b
Subirats , S. Ibanez ,
a
P. Alvarez
a
Valencia
Polytechnic
University,
Camino de
Vera, s/n,
46022,
Valencia,
Spain
b
FEPORTS (Instituto Portuario de
Estudios y Cooperacion de la
Comunidad Valenciana), C/Paz 2.
46003 Valencia, Spain
Abstract
The 1998 project ECOPORT, Towards
A Sustainable Transport Network,
developed by the Valencia Port Authority
(VPA),
established
the
bases
for
implementing
an
Environmental
Management System (EMS) in industrial
harbours. The use of data and information
shall always be required to develop an
ecient EMS. The objective of the present
research (INDAPORT) study is to propose a
system of sustainable environmental
management indicators to be used by any
port authorities. All activities performed
within a port area are analysed for any
potential environmental impacts and risks.
An environmental analysis of port
activities has been carried out with the
objective of designing the indicators system.
Twenty-one corresponding activities have
been identified for large industrial ports.
Subsequently, the same methodology
developed to date will be later applied to
other Spanish and European ports. The
study has been developed by using an
original system and a meth-odology, which
simultaneously use stage diagrams and
systemic models (material and energy flow
charts). Multi-criteria analysis techniques
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Representativeness
Conciseness
The indicator should allow for the simplification of the number of variables, which characterises a
phenomenon of condensing the information with the least possible loss of information
The indicator should allow an activity to be evaluated in such a way that goals are accomplished
The indicator should be a useful tool for the activity
Within the environmental awareness framework
Being adapted or easily adapted to other indicators, models and prediction systems (EEA, OCDE, EC, etc.)
Over time (the development of a phenomenon), and within regional, national and international frameworks
The indicator should be sensitive to environmental changes with fast, adaptable and appropriate responses
to them. Thus, they should have variable values according to the changes in the phenomenon
The system should be coherent and focus on essential data. The indicators should be concise, accurate,
simple and easy to interpret
In obtaining and developing the data
From the phenomenon being evaluated
The collecting data criteria should be constant over time in order to compare results
The indicators should be determined at appropriately short intervals for the purpose of having the
opportunity to actively pursue and influence the desired data
The indicator should be preferably quantitative. If this were not possible, it should be hierarchically
categorised
The indicator should provide information about its own limitations
The indicator should be administratively ecient in terms of the costs involved in obtaining the data
and use of the information
Purpose
Usefulness
Relevance
Adaptability
Comparability
Sensitivity
Clarity
Reliability and objectivity
Easy to obtain
Continuity
Regularity
Scientific verification
Well-defined limits
Cost-eectiveness
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Table 2
1.
Port activities
Sea trac
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Land trac
Storage, loading and unloading of oil products
Storage, loading and unloading of bulk liquids
Storage, loading and unloading of bulk solids
Storage, loading and unloading of general container
merchandise
Storage, loading and unloading of non-container
merchandise
Fishing activity
Handling and converting perishable bulk solids
Port services
Pilotage
Towing
Mooring
Lock conditioning
Waste disposal
Preservation of Installations and Infrastructure
Security
Provisioning of vessels
Administrative services
Construction and repair of vessels
Sanitation services
Emergency operations
Fir
e
pro
tec
tio
n
sys
te
m
Se
a
res
cue
Emergency energy generators
Maintenance and cleaning of
the port area
18.
19.
20.
21.
in
the
rows,
permits
the
panel
using
characterisation
variables
set
recorded
of
in
"
I i Log
actual
=Log
maxim
!#_
100
Fuel consumption
Water consumption
Energy consumption
Raw materials (I3)
consumption
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FUEL UNLOADING
(1)
LOADING STATION
(3)
Soil pollution
Dangerous waste
Fuel consumption
Energy consumption
Raw materials (I4)
HYDROCARBON
VAPOUR RECOVERY
UNIT
(4)
consumption
Fuel consumption
Energy consumption
Raw materials (I5)
consumption
TANK LOADING
(5)
(O3)
Emission of CO, NOx, SO2
Emission of VOCs
Noise (engine)
Odours
Cleaning water
Dangerous waste
(O4)
(O5)
management
Existence of
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Overtaking
xx
xxx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xxxx
Fragility of
xx
xx
dynamicImpacton
landscapeSoiloccupation
x
x
habitatsAlteration of littoral
Odour pollutionWaterpollutionSoilpollution
Air pollutionNoisepollution
xx
creationResourceconsumptionAlterationofseafloorAlterationofcoastWaste xxx
al
xxxxxxx
xx
x
xx
xx
Frequency
Magnitude
Danger/
x
impacts
Variables
Aspects/impacts groups
Table 3
Evaluation variables for
xx
x
x
Abnormality
Emergencies
Aect on
Renewable
x
x
Reversibility of
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Environmental indicators
Air pollution
Emission of particles from storage, loading and unloading of bulk
solids Emission of combustible gasses OC, NOx, SO2 and HC from
vehicular
trac on land
Emission of particles from the handling and transformation of bulk
solids Emission of VOCs in loading and unloading combustible
materials
particles
3.
Gas
emissions
with Greenhouse
eect (CO2, CH4,
N2O)
Noise pollution
4.
Noise pollution
5.
Odour pollution
Odours from handling and transforming perishable bulk solids
Odours from MARPOL V waste treatment
Odours from fish handling
Odours from water purifiers
Water pollution
Spills or leaks from the transfer of oil products from
vessel to lorry Spills or leaks from the transfer of bulk
liquids from vessel to lorry
Soil pollution
Spills or leaks of dangerous liquids (HC, paints, solvents, oils) from land
trac Spills or leaks of dangerous liquids (HC, paints, solvents, oils) from
construction
6.
7.
8.
Waste creation
Urban waste
Uncontaminated
sludge from dredging
Scrap from building
and repair of vessels
Excesse
s from bulk
solids stock
Dangerous
waste
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Table 4 (continued)
Potential environment impacts
Environmental indicators
Resource consumption
Consumption of processed water in the manipulation and transformation
of perishable bulk solids
Water consumption in cleaning and maintaining green areas
Water consumption in watering carbon heaps when handling bulk solids
Water consumption in cleaning and maintaining crafts in marinas
Fuel consumption in machinery used for the storage, loading and unloading
of containerised merchandise
Fuel consumption in machinery used for building and repairing vessels
Other
Alteration of water currents due to the existence of the port, accretion
and erosion phenomena
Alteration of sea floor due to civil works
Alteration of sea floor due to dredging operations
Alteration of sea floor at the mooring areas for boats
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
Introduction
4.
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
D
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
Un
its
of
me
as
ure
me
nt
Fr
eq
ue
nc
y
Scope
5.
M
et
h
o
d
ol
o
g
y
of
c
al
c
ul
at
io
n
P
ar
a
m
et
er
s
to
b
e
m
e
as
ur
e
d
A
p
pl
ic
a
bl
e
le
gi
sl
at
io
n
M
e
as
ur
in
g
to
ol
s
6.
Frequency of measurements
References
1659
ECOPORT
Valencia,
2000.
Environmental
management systems in European ports. In:
Summary of Proceedings. Autoridad Portuaria de
Valencia, Espana, p. 326.
ECOPORTS FOUNDATION. Available from:
<www.ecoports.com/ foundation/index.asp>.
Espana. LEY de Puertos 48/2003, de 26 de noviembre,
de regimen economico y de prestacion de servicios
de los puertos de interes general. Boletn Oficial del
Estado, 284, 27 November 2003.
Cooperation
and
Develop-ment.
Key
Environmental Indicators. OECD Environment
Direc-torade, p. 36.
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