Direct Speech (percakapan langsung) adalah bentuk percakapan yang
mengarahkan untuk meniru kata-kata atau suatu kalimat persis seperti yang diucapkan. Dalam Direct Speech, kita menggunakan tanda kutip (...). Contoh Cara Penulisan Direct Speech 1.
Quoting One Sentence (Mengutip Satu Kalimat)
Contoh penulisan: She said, My father is a farmer. My father is a farmer, she said. My father, she said, is a farmer. Dari ketiga contoh penulisan percakapan langsung (Direct Speech) di atas, contoh penulisan yang pertama adalah yang lazim digunakan. She said, My father is a farmer. Artinya: Dia berkata, Ayah saya adalah seorang petani. Cara penulisannya: Gunakan tanda koma setalah She said. Gunakan huruf besar pada kata pertama setelah tanda kutip. Kemudian beri tanda kutip lagi setelah tanda titik diakhir kalimat. 2. Quoting More Than One Sentence (Mengutip Lebih Dari Satu Kalimat) Contoh penulisan: My father is a farmer. He is going to the rice barn, she said. (rice barn = lumbung padi) Cara penulisannya: Tanda kutip digunakan pada awal dan akhir dari kutipan lengkap. Catatan: Tidak ada tanda kutip lagi setelah kata farmer.
3. Quoting a Question Or An Exclamation ( Mengutip Kalimat Tanya
atau Kata Seru) Contoh Penulisan: She asked, When will you be here?
Penempatan tanda tanya diletakkan di dalam tanda kutip.
Artinya: Dia bertanya, Kapan kamu akan kesini?
When will you be here? she asked. Artinya: Kapan kamu akan kesini? dia bertanya. She said, Watch out!
Jika tanda tanya digunakan, tidak
perlu lagi menggunakan tanda koma sebelum She asked Penempatan tanda seru diletakkan di dalam tanda kutip
Artinya: Dia berkata, hati-hati!
Pengertian Indirect Speech
Indirect Speech (Percakapan Tidak Langsung) adalah bentuk percakapan yang mengarahkan untuk menggunakan noun clause (anak kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai nounatau kata benda) untuk melaporkan apa yang telah dikatakan oleh seseorang. Contoh Penggunaan Indirect Speech(Kalimat Tidak Langsung) Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung)
Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tidak
Langsung)
Simple Present Tense
Simple Past Tense
He said, I watch TV every day.
He said (that) he watched TV every day.
Present Progressive Tense
Past Progressive Tense
He said, I am watching TV every day.
He said he was watching TV every day.
Present Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
He said, I have watched TV every day.
He said he had watched TV every day.
Simple Past Tense
Past Perfect Tense
He said, I watched TV every day.
He said he had watched TV every day.
Using Modal Auxiliaries
Using Modal Auxiliaries
He said, I will watch TV every day.
He said he would watch TV every day.
He said, I am going to watch TV every
day.
He said he was going to watch TV every
day.
He said, I can watch TV every day.
He said he could watch TV every day.
He said, I may watch TV every day.
He said he might watch TV every day.
He said, I might watch TV every day.
He said he might watch TV every day.
He said, I must watch TV every day.
He said he had to watch TV every day.
He said, I have to watch TV every day.
He said he had to watch TV every day.
He said, I should watch TV every day.
He said he should watch TV every day.
He said, I ought to watch TV every day.
He said he ought to watch TV every day.
He said, Watch TV!
He told me to watch TV.
He said, Do you watch TV?
He asked (me) if I watched TV.
CATATAN: Jika kata kerja pelapor (kata kerja utama dari kalimat, contoh dari kalimat di atas adalah kata: said) dalam bentuk past (lampau), kata kerja pada anak kalimat biasanya juga akan menggunakan bentuk past (lampau). Ketika kata kerja pelapor menggunakan: Simple Present Tense, Present Perfect Tenseatau Simple Future Tense, kata kerja pada anak kalimat (noun clause) nya tidak berubah. Contoh: She says, I watch TV every day.
She says (that) she watches TV every day.
She has said, I watch TV every day.
She has said that she watches TV every day.
She will say, I watch TV every day.
She will say that she watches TV every day.
Lihat tabel auxiliaries.
dibawah
ini
untuk
mengetahui bentuk
lampau dari modal
Simple Present Simple Past
Can
Could
May
Might
Must / have to
Had to
Will
Would
CATATAN: Tidak bentuk Past (lampau) untuk:Should dan Ought to
