1

Forming adjectives
Adding y.Drop Add ful.* ChangeAdd ous or
e.
y to i.
ious. *Drop y.
anger
care
mountain
ease*
doubt
danger
greed
peace
industry
ice*
beauty*
mystery*
oil
pity*
glory*
Add al. * Drop Add able.
Add ic.*Drop y.
e.
music
accept
acrobat
nation
comfort
artist
person
enjoy
photograph
nature*
fashion
sympathy*
agriculture*
respect
robot

Add less.
aim
end
harm
sense
use
Add ive.
attract
effect
act
instruct
progress

Adjectives can be formed from Nouns.

Noun
accident
danger
length
star
wind

Adjective
accidental
dangerous
long
starry
windy

Adjectives can be formed from Verbs.

Verb
enjoy
help
obey
play
talk

Adjective
enjoyable
helpful
obedient
playful
talkative

Adjectives can be formed from Adjectives.

Adjective
comic
correct
elder
red
sick

Adjective
comical
corrective
elderly
reddish
sickly

Comparison of adjectives
We use the Positive degree to compare two equal nouns.
For example: His house is as big as my house.
We use the Comparative degree to compare two unequal nouns.
For example: His house is bigger than my house.

We use the Superlative degree to compare three or more Nouns.

For example: His house is the biggest in the neighbourhood.

Positive
bold
deep
near
rich
tall
Positive
careful
enjoyable
forgetful
useful
wonderful
Positive
bad
good
little

Comparative
bolder
deeper
nearer
richer
taller
Comparative
more careful
more enjoyable
more forgetful
more useful
more wonderful
Comparative
worse
better
less

Superlative
boldest
deepest
nearest
richest
tallest
Superlative
most careful
most enjoyable
most forgetful
most useful
most wonderful
Superlative
worst
best
least

Comparison of Adverbs
Similar to the comparison of adjectives, adverbs have three degrees of comparison
the Positive, the Comparative and the Superlative. Most adverbs which end in ly form the Comparative with more and the Superlative with most.
Positive
comfortably
happily
kindly
loudly
noisily

Comparative
more comfortably
more happily
more kindly
more loudly
more noisily

Superlative
most comfortably
most happily
most kindly
most loudly
most noisily

Forming Adverbs Adverbs can be formed from nouns, adjectives and verbs.
Most adverbs end in -ly.
Nouns
beauty
success

Adjectives

Verbs

angry
foolish
continue
know

Adverbs
beautifully
successfully
angrily
foolishly
continually
knowingly

COLLECTIVE NOUNS
PEOPLE
an army of soldiers
a bevy of beauties/girls
a band of musicians
a band of robbers
a board of directors
a body of men
a bunch of crooks
a caravan of gypsies
a choir of singers
a class of pupils
a class of students
a company of actors
a company of soldiers
a congregation of worshippers
a crew of sailors
a crowd of spectators
a crowd of people
a dynasty of kings
a galaxy of beautiful women
a galaxy of film stars
a gang of crooks
a gang of labourers
a gang of prisoners
a gang of robbers

a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a

gang of thieves
horde of savages
host of angels
line of kings/rulers
mob of rioters
group of dancers
group of singers
pack of rascals
pack of thieves
party of friends
patrol of policemen
posse of policemen
regiment of soldiers
staff of employees
staff of servants
staff of teachers
team of players
tribe of natives
troop of scouts
troupe of artistes
troupe of dancers
troupe of performers
party of friends

THINGS
an album of autographs
an album of photographs
an album of stamps
an anthology of poems
an archipelago of islands
a bale of cotton
a basket of fruit
a batch of bread
a battery of guns
a block of flats
a book of exercises
a book of notes
a bouquet of flowers
a bowl of rice
a bunch of bananas
a bunch of flowers
a bunch of grapes

a hail of bullets
a hand of bananas (each a finger)
a harvest of wheat/corn
a heap of rubbish
a heap of ruins
a hedge of bushes
a heap of stones
a layer of soil/dirt
a library of books
a line of cars
a list of names
a mass of ruins/hair
a necklace of pearls
an outfit of clothes
an orchard of fruit trees
a pack of cards
a pack of lies

a bunch of keys
a bundle of rags/old clothes
a bundle of firewood/sticks
a bundle of hay
a catalogue of prices/goods
a chain of mountains
a chest of drawers
a cluster of coconuts
a cluster of grapes
a cloud of dust
a clump of bushes
a clump of trees
a collection of coins
a collection of curiosities
a collection of pictures
a collection of relics
a collection of stamps
a column of smoke
a comb of bananas
a compendium of games
a constellation of stars
a cluster of diamonds
a cluster of stars
a clutch of eggs
a crate of fruit
a crop of apples
a fall of rain
a fall of snow
a fleet of motor-cars/taxis
a fleet of ships
a flight of aeroplanes
a flight of steps
a forest of trees
a galaxy of stars
a garland of flowers
a glossary of difficult
words/phrases
a group of islands
a grove of trees

a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a

packet of cigarettes
packet of letters
pair of shoes
pencil of rays
quiver of arrows
range of hills
range of mountains
ream of paper
reel of thread/film
roll of film/cloth
rope of pearls
row of houses
series of events
set of china
set of clubs
set of tools
sheaf of arrows
sheaf of corn
sheaf of grain
sheaf of papers
sheaf of wheat
shower of blows
shower of rain
stack of arms
stack of corn
stack of hay
stack of timber
stack of wood
stock of wood
string of beads
string of pearls
suit of clothes
suite of furniture
suite of rooms
tuft of grass
tuft of hair
wad of currency/notes
wreath of flowers

ANIMALS
an army of ants
a bevy of quail
a brood/flock of chickens
a catch of fish
a cloud of flies
a cloud of insects
a cloud of locusts

a
a
a
a
a
a
a

litter of kittens
litter of puppies
menagerie of wild animals
muster of peacocks
nest of ants
nest of mice
nest of rabbits

a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a

colony of gulls
drove of cattle
drove of horses
flight of birds
flight of doves
flight of locusts
flight of swallows
flock of birds
flock of geese
flock of sheep
gaggle of geese
haul of fish
herd of buffaloes
herd of cattle
herd of deer
herd of elephants
herd of goats
herd of swine
hive of bees
host of sparrows
kindle of kittens
litter of cubs
litter of piglets

FORMS OF
PRESENT
TENSE
arise
awake
bear
beat
become
begin
bend
bid
bind
bite
bleed
blow
break
breed
bring
build
burn
burst
buy
cast
catch

THE VERB
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
arising
awaking
bearing
beating
becoming
beginning
bending
bidding
binding
biting
bleeding
blowing
breaking
breeding
bringing
building
burning
bursting
buying
casting
catching

a pack of hounds
a pack of wolves
a plague of insects
a plague of locusts
a pride of lions
a school of herrings/other small a a
fish
a school of porpoises
a school of whales
a shoal of fish
a skein of wild geese in flight
a string of horses
a stud of horses
a swarm of ants
a swarm of bees
a swarm of insects
a swarm of locusts
a team of horses
a team of oxen
a train of camels
a tribe of goats
a troop of lions
a troop of monkeys
a zoo of wild animals

PAST
TENSE
arose
awoke
bore
beat
became
began
bent
bid,bade
bound
bit
bled
blew
broke
bred
brought
built
burned,burnt
burst
bought
cast
caught

PAST
PARTICIPLE
arisen
awoken
born,borne
beaten
become
begun
bent
bid,bade
bound
bitten
bled
blown
broken
bred
brought
built
burned,burnt
burst
bought
cast
caught

choose
cling
come
cost
creep
cut
deal
dig
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
dwell
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
flee
fling
flow
fly
forbid
forecast

choosing
clinging
coming
costing
creeping
cutting
dealing
digging
doing
drawing
dreaming
drinking
driving
dwelling
eating
falling
feeding
feeling
fighting
finding
fleeing
flinging
flowing
flying
forbidding
forecasting

forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
grab
grind
grow
hang
hang (kill)
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
kneel
knit
know
lay

forgetting
forgiving
freezing
getting
giving
going
grabbing
grinding
growing
hanging
hanging
having
hearing
hiding
hitting
holding
hurting
keeping
kneeling
knitting
knowing
laying

chose
clung
came
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
did
drew
dreamed, dreamt
drank
drove
dwelt
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
fled
flung
flowed
flew
forbade
forecast,
forecasted
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
grabbed
ground
grew
hung
hanged
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
knitted
knew
laid

chosen
clung
come
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
done
drawn
dreamed, dreamt
drunk
driven
dwelt
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
fled
flung
flowed
flown
forbidden
forecast,
forecasted
forgotten
forgiven
frozen
got
given
gone
grabbed
ground
grown
hung
hanged
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
knitted
known
laid

lead
lean
leap
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
light
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
read
ride
ring
rise
run
saw
say
see
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shine
shoot
show
shrink
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
slide
smell
sow
speak
speed
spell
spend
spill
spin
spit
split
spoil

leading
leaning
leaping
learning
leaving
lending
letting
lying
lighting
losing
making
meaning
meeting
paying
putting
reading
riding
ringing
rising
running
sawing
saying
seeing
selling
sending
setting
sewing
shaking
shining
shooting
showing
shrinking
shutting
singing
sinking
sitting
sleeping
sliding
smelling
sowing
speaking
speeding
spelling
spending
spilling
spinning
spitting
splitting
spoiling

led
leaned, leant
leapt
learned, learnt
left
lent
let
lay
lighted, lit
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
rode
rang
rose
ran
sawed
said
saw
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
shone
shot
showed
shrank
shut
sang
sank
sat
slept
slid
smelled, smelt
sowed
spoke
speeded, sped
spelled, spelt
spent
spilled, spilt
Spun
Spat
Split
spoiled, spoilt

led
lean, leant
leapt
learned, learnt
left
lent
let
lain
lighted, lit
Lost
Made
Meant
Met
Paid
Put
Read
Ridden
Rung
Risen
Run
Sawn
Said
Seen
Sold
Sent
Set
Sewn
Shaken
Shone
Shot
Shown
Shrunk
Shut
Sung
Sunk
Sat
Slept
Slid
smelled, smelt
Sown
Spoken
speeded, sped
spelled, spelt
Spent
spilled, spilt
Spun
Spat
Split
spoiled, spoilt

spread
spring
stand
steal
stick
sting
strike
swear
sweep
swell
swim
swing
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
wake
wear
win
wind
write
Antonyms

spreading
springing
standing
stealing
sticking
stinging
striking
swearing
sweeping
swelling
swimming
swinging
taking
teaching
tearing
telling
thinking
throwing
waking
wearing
winning
winding
writing

spread
sprang
stood
stole
stuck
stung
struck
swore
swept
swelled
swam
swung
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
woke
wore
won
wound
wrote

Spread
Sprung
Stood
Stolen
Stuck
Stung
Struck
Sworn
Swept
Swollen
Swum
Swung
Taken
Taught
Torn
Told
Thought
Thrown
woken, waked
Worn
Won
Wound
Written

above
abroad
absent
absent
accept
active
add
admit
adult
alive
all
allow
always
arrive
asleep
back
backwards
bad
barren
beautiful
before
begin
bent
best
better
big
black
blameless
bless
blunt
bold
bold
boss
bravery
break
bridge
bright
broad
busy
buy
capture
catch
cheap

below
home
present
present
refuse
passive
subtract
deny
child
dead
none
refuse
never
depart
awake
front
forward
good
fertile
ugly
after
end
straight
worst
worse
small
white
guilty
curse
sharp
timid
timid
employee
cowardice
repair
tunnel
dull
narrow
idle
sell
release
throw
dear

Hill
Humble
Husband
In
Include
Increase
Increase
Indifferent
Inner
Inside
Insult
Interested
Interesting
Joy
Junior
Kind
Kind
Knowledge
Lazy
Lead
Least
Leave
Lend
level
life
liquid
long
loss
loud
love
majority
many
masculine
master
mean
miser
modern
most
motorist
mountain
natural
near
never

valley
proud
wife
out
exclude
decrease
decrease
interested
outer
outside
praise
bored
dull
sorrow
senior
cruel
cruel
ignorance
industrious
follow
greatest
arrive
borrow
steep
death
solid
short
gain
soft
hate
minority
few
feminine
servant
kind
spendthrift
ancient
least
pedestrian
valley
artificial
far
always

10

city
clean
clever
cloudy
clumsy
coarse
cold
come
comedy
comfort
common
common
contract
cool
coward
cowardly
create
cry
daily
danger
dark
dawn
day
deep
depth
die
difficult
dim
discourteous
divide
doctor
drunk
Dry
dwarf
early
east
easy
ebb
empty
enemy
enjoy
entrance
evening

country
dirty
foolish
clear
graceful
fine
hot
go
tragedy
disturb
rare
unusual
expand
warm
hero
bold
destroy
laugh
nightly
safety
bright
dusk
night
shallow
height
live
easy
bright
polite
multiply
patient
sober
wet
giant
late
west
difficult
flow
full
friend
dislike
exit
morning

niece
noise
noisy
normal
north
notice
obey
obtain
often
old
omit
open
order
overlook
pardon
part
past
peace
plural
polite
polite
poor
powerful
praise
public
public
punish
pupil
purchase
push
question
quick
raw
raw
real
right
rise
rough
sad
safe
safe
same
separate

nephew
silence
quiet
abnormal
south
ignore
command
give
seldom
new
include
shut/close
chaos
notice
punish
whole
future
war
singular
rude
rude
rich
weak
blame
private
private
reward
teacher
sell
pull
answer
slow
cooked
cooked
imaginary
left
fall
smooth
cheerful
dangerous
dangerous
different
join

11

ever
everybody
everywhere
exit
fact
failure
fair
famous
fancy
far
fat
fat
few
find
finish
first
flatter
foe
foolish
foreign
forget
found
freeze
fresh
fresh
friend
full
future
generous
give
give
graceful
guilty
guilty
happy
happy
hard
hard
head
heavy
hell
help
here

never
nobody
nowhere
entrance
fiction
success
dark
unknown
plain
near
thin
skinny
many
lose
start
last
insult
friend
wise
local
remember
lost
thaw
stale
stale
enemy
vacant
past
selfish
receive
take
awkward
innocent
innocent
sad
sad
easy
soft
tail
light
heaven
hinder
there

several
silly
similar
slim
smile
smile
straight
straight
strange
strong
summer
sweet
sweet
talk
tall
tame
teach
teacher
these
thick
this
tight
tiny
top
true
trust
truth
under
unusual
up
upset
vacant
vacant
valuable
victory
villain
war
wide
win
wise
within
work
wrong

few
serious
different
fat
frown
frown
crooked
crooked
familiar
weak
winter
sour
sour
listen
short
wild
learn
student
those
thin
that
loose
huge
bottom
false
doubt
lie
over
ordinary
down
comfort
occupied
occupied
worthless
defeat
hero
peace
narrow
lose
foolish
without
rest
right

12

hide
high

show
low

yes
young

no
old

Antonyms (un-)
arm
certain
comfortable
common
conscious
dress
equal
fair
fold
friendly
happy
healthy
just
kind
known

unarm
uncertain
uncomfortable
uncommon
unconscious
undress
unequal
unfair
unfold
unfriendly
unhappy
unhealthy
unjust
unkind
unknown

like
lock
necessary
popular
safe
screw
seen
selfish
steady
suitable
tidy
tie
true
willing
wise

disagree
disallow
disappear
disarm
disarrange
disbelieve
disconnect

continue
honest
like
loyal
obey
order
trust

unlike
unlock
unnecessary
unpopular
unsafe
unscrew
unseen
unselfish
unsteady
unsuitable
untidy
untie
untrue
unwilling
unwise

Antonyms (dis-)
agree
allow
appear
arm
arrange
believe
connect
Antonyms (in-)
accurate
active
adequate
admissible
attentive
correct

inaccurate
inactive
inadequate
inadmissible
inattentive
incorrect

Antonyms (im-)
mature
mobile

immature
immobile

discontinue
dishonest
dislike
disloyal
disobey
disorder
distrust

13

moral
mortal
movable
patient
perfect
polite
possible
probable
proper
pure

immoral
immortal
immovable
impatient
imperfect
impolite
impossible
improbable
improper
impure

Antonyms (mis-)
handle
judge
spell
understand
use

mishandle
misjudge
misspell
misunderstand
misuse

Antonyms (-less)
careful
harmful
helpful
hopeful
painful
pitiful
powerful
shameful
useful

careless
harmless
helpless
hopeless
painless
pitiless
powerless
shameless
useless

SYNONYMS
abduct
abhor
above
abridge
abroad
abrogate
abstain
accord

kidnap
detest
over
shorten
overseas
cancel
refrain
agreement

leery
legacy
legible
licentious
listen
lithe
little
livid

cautious
bequest
readable
lewd
hear
supple
small
enraged

14

admit
adversary
affable
aggravate
agree
air
akin
alive
allocate
allow
also
ameliorate
amount
annul
answer
appease
arraign
ask
assembly
assent
attire
avarice
baby
bad
badger
beg
begin
behaviour
belief
benevolent
berate
big
bilk
blamed
blank
bliss
bottom
brave
brawn
bright
broad
brook
bucolic

confess
opponent
friendly
worsen
consent
discuss
related
lively
distribute
permit
too
improve
quantity
cancel
response
pacify
indict
Inquire, request
gathering
agree
dress
greed
infant
evil
pester
implore
commence
conduct
opinion
kind
scold
large
swindle
accused
empty
happiness
foot
daring, bold
strength
shinning
wide
tolerate
rustic

loathe
lofty
logo
look
loquacious
lost
loving
loyal
lucrative
ludicrous
luminous
lure
luster
luxuriant
macabre
mad
maelstrom
magnitude
malice
margin
meager
mean
messy
middle
misshapen
moral
morsel
mundane
name
narrate
near
nefarious
negate
negligible
nepotism
new
noisy
noted
obey
obstinate
odyssey
often
old

abhor
high
symbol
see
talkative
misplaced
fond
true
profitable
absurd
bright
entice
gloss
lush
gruesome
insane
whirlpool
size
spite
edge
scanty
cruel
untidy
center
deformed
ethical
piece
ordinary
title
tell
close
evil
cancel
insignificant
favouritism
unused, modern
rowdy
well-known
submit
stubborn
journey
frequently
ancient

15

build
busy
buy
calamity
canon
capitulate
careen
careful
careful
castigate
catastrophic
catch
caucus
cavort
cede
celestial
centre
champion
change
cheat
chide
choose
chubby
circumspect
clemency
clergyman
close
clothes
clout
coagulate
coddle
coercion
collusion
commend
commodity
compulsory
Concise

construct
active
purchase
disaster
rule
surrender
swerve
cautious
cautious
criticize
disastrous
capture
meeting
frolic
Relinquish
heavenly
middle
winner
alter
deceive
scold
select
plump
cautious
forgiveness
minister
near
dress
influence
thicken
pamper
force
conspiracy
praise
product
obligatory
Brief

omen
omnipotent
omniscient
oppress
opulence
oral
orator
outset
outside
ovation
pacify
paltry
pandemic
paranormal
parcel
part
patent
paucity
peddle
pen
perhaps
perilous
perish
persevere
pertinent
pick
pious
placate
plentiful
policeman
polite
poor
port
portion
praise
prank
pretty

concur
confer
conversant
converse
copy

agree
bestow
familiar
opposite
imitate

protect
pull
purloin
push
putrefy

sign
all-powerful
all-knowing
persecute
wealth
verbal
speaker
beginning
exterior
applause
appease
scarce
widespread
supernatural
package
portion
obvious
scarcity
sell
write
maybe
dangerous
die
persist
relevant
choose
devout
appease
abundant
constable
courteous
destitute
harbour
piece
compliment
joke
Beautiful
,attractive
guard
drag
steal
thrust
decay

16

cordial
correct
courtesan
covert
crave
culvert
cunning
cure
curtail
damp
dangerous
deadly
dear
dearth
debilitate
deceive
decimate
decipher
decrease
deduce
deleterious
delude
demeanour
demise
demobilize
demoralize
denigrate
denounce
depart
deplete
deride
desecrate
desiccate
despot
destitute
detain
detrimental
devise
devout
diabolical
diffident
discernible
discreet

friendly
accurate
prostitute
secret
desire
drain
sly
remedy
shorten
moist
risky
fatal
expensive
scarcity
weaken
trick
destroy
decode
reduce
conclude
harmful
deceive
behaviour
death
disband
dishearten
defame
condemn
leave
exhaust
ridicule
profane
dehydrate
tyrant
poor
confine
harmful
plan
pious
devilish
shy
visible
prudent

quack
qualms
quay
queen
queue
quick
quiet
quill
quip
rare
rarely
rash
read
ready
real
reap
rebuke
receptacle
reckless
recollect
rectify
recur
red
reek
regal
rein
rejoice
relic
remain
remedial
remember
remnant
remorse
renown
replenish
retain
revenue
rich
rift
riot
roam
robust
rostrum

charlatan
misgivings
wharf
empress
line
rapid
peaceful
feather
joke
scarce
seldom
hasty
peruse
alert
genuine
harvest
reprimand
container
rash
remember
correct
repeat
ruddy
smell
royal
curb
celebrate
antique
stay
corrective
recollect
residue
guilt
fame
refill
keep
income
wealthy
split
revolt
wander
vigorous
podium

17

disease
disfigure
dismal
disorder
dispatch
disperse
disseminate
distend
distract
diversity
divulge
dodder
dull
dumb
duress
eatable
ebb
eccentric
edifice
efficacious
egocentric
electorate
elucidate
elude
empty
end
enemy
enough
ensnare
enterprise
entice
entreat
envoy
ephemeral
epoch
equitable
error
escape
exorbitant
exorcise
fable
fall
false

sickness
mar
gloomy
chaos
send
scatter
distribute
swell
divert
variety
disclose
tremble
gloomy
mute
coercion
edible
recede
odd, weird
building
effective
self-centered
voters
explain
evade
vacant
conclusion
foe
sufficient
trap, lure
undertaking
lure
plead
messenger
short-lived
era
fair
mistake
elude
expensive
expel
myth
drop
untrue, wrong

rough
round
rude
rue
rule
ruse
rustic
sack
sad
safe
saga
sanction
saturate
savour
scant
scared
scatter
schism
scion
scorn
sear
secede
seclusion
seduce
seldom
semblance
separate
serene
sham
sheen
short
shorten
show
shun
sibling
sick
siege
silent
silly
simple
sinister
site
sceptical

coarse
circular
impolite
regret
govern
trick
rural
pillage
unhappy
secure
story
approval
soak
relish
inadequate
frightened
disperse
rift
offspring
disdain
burn
withdraw
solitude
lure
rarely
likeness
sever
peaceful
pretense
luster
brief
abbreviate
exhibit
avoid
brother/sister
ill
blockage
quiet
foolish
easy
evil
location
doubtful

18

fantasy
far
feather
feign
fertile
fidelity
fierce
fight
filch
find
first
fiscal
flagellate
float
force
foretell
free
friend
friend
funny
furtive
gain
game
gargantuan
garrulous
gather
gay
general
genesis
ghastly
give
glad
glaring
gnarl
gory
guest
guffaw
habit
habituate
hale
hallucination
hamper
hapless

daydream
distant
plume
pretend
fruitful
loyalty
ferocious
battle
steal
discover
initial
monetary
whip
drift
compel
predict
release
companion, ally
ally
amusing
stealthy
profit
recreation
large
talkative
collect
cheerful
common
beginning
horrible
donate
happy
dazzling
deform
bloody
visitor
laughter
custom
accustom
healthy
delusion
obstruct
unlucky

slay
sleepy
slim
sloth
smart
smell
smite
snare
snub
sovereign
specimen
squalid
squander
static
steed
stern
stick
stifle
stimulate
stingy
stop
strange
strife
strive
strong
student
studious
style
subdue
submit
subside
succulent
superb
surmount
surprise
surrender
surround
susceptible
sustenance
swamp
taint
talk
talon

kill
drowsy
slender
laziness
intelligent
scent
strike
trap
ignore
monarch
sample
filthy
waste
inactive
horse
strict
adhere
suppress
excite
miserly
halt
odd
conflict
endeavour
powerful
pupil
diligent
fashion
conquer
yield
diminish
juicy
excellent
overcome
astonishment
yield
encircle
vulnerable
food
marsh
pollute
conversation
claw

19

harangue
hard
hate
haven
height
help
herald
hew
hide
hideous
high
home
hone
horde
hue
hug
huge
humane
hygienic
hyperbole
idiosyncrasy
illicit
illimitable
illustrious
imbibe
imitate
immaterial
immense
impale
impasse
impassive
impeccable
impede
impending
imperil
implicate
implore
inculcate
incursion
indelible
indigent
indiscriminate
indolent

tirade
difficult
detest
refuge
altitude
assist
harbinger
cut
conceal
horrible
tall
residence
sharpen
group
colour
embrace
enormous
compassionate
sanitary
exaggeration
peculiarity
unlawful
limitless
famous
drink
copy
irrelevant
huge
pierce
deadlock
calm
faultless
hinder
imminent
endanger
incriminate
entreat
instill
raid
permanent
poor
random
lazy

tangible
tarnish
taut
teach
teacher
tedious
tempest
tempo
tempt
tenet
tepid
terse
tested
thief
thin
thrive
throng
titillate
titular
toil
top
trail
tranquilize
transient
transitory
traverse
trek
trick
trite
trust
try
twain
tyrannical
ubiquitous
ulterior
unassuming
uncanny
under
undermine
underscore
understand
unduly
unison

touchable
taint
tight
educate
instructor
boring
storm
speed
entice
doctrine
lukewarm
concise
tried
burglar
lean
prosper
crowd
arouse
figurehead
drudgery
summit
path
calm, anesthetize
temporary
fleeting
cross
journey
hoax
commonplace
believe
attempt
two
dictatorial
omnipresent
hidden, covert
modest
mysterious
beneath
weaken
emphasize
comprehend
excessive
together

20

industrious
inexorable
infamous
infamy
infer
infirmity
influx
infraction
infuriate
inhibit
iniquitous
initiate
inkling
innate
innocuous
innuendo
inordinate
inquisitive
inscribe
inside
insignia
insolvent
instigate
inter
interesting
intrepid
intricate
intrigue
intrinsic
inundate
involve
irate
irrational
jeer
jest
jocular
join
jostle
judicious
jump
just
kudos
last

hardworking
relentless
notorious
shame
conclude
ailment
inflow
violation
enrage
restrain
unjust
begin
hint
inborn
harmless
insinuation
excessive
curious
engrave
interior
emblems
bankrupt
incite
bury
fascinating
fearless
complex
plot
inherent
flood
implicate
angry
illogical
mock
joke
humorous
connect
push
prudent
leap
fair
acclaim
final

usually
utter
vacant
vacillate
vain
valiant
value
vanish
vanquish
vehement
vendetta
venom
venue
verbose
verdict
veto
vex
vicious
victory
vie
vilify
virile
vital
vocation
vogue
volatile
vulgarity
vulnerable
wager
wages
waive
wallow
want
watch
weak
wet
whet
whole
wither
wonder
woo
wrath
wrest

generally
complete
empty
waver
unsuccessful
brave
worth
disappear
conquer
adamant
feud
poison
location
wordy
decision
reject
annoy
evil, cruel
triumph
compete
defame
manly, strong
necessary
occupation
fashion
unstable
obscenity
susceptible
bet
salary
forgo
indulge
need
look
feeble
damp
stimulate
entire
shrivel
amazement
court
anger, fury
snatch

21

lazy
least
leave

indolent
minimum
abandon

writ
yearly
young

summons
annually
youthful

HOMONYMS
Homonym is a word that sounds the same as another but is different in
meaning.
air
ail
allowed
arc
ate
bad
bail
bald
ball
bare
beach
bean
bear
beat
bee
beet
bell
berry
birth
blue
boar
board
bough
bow
boy
brake
buy
ceiling
cell
cent
cheap
check
coarse
cord
dear

heir
ale
aloud
ark
eight
bade
bale
bawled
bawl
bear
beech
been
bare
beet
be
beat
belle
bury
berth
blew
bore
bored
bow
bough
buoy
break
by/bye
sealing
sell
sent
cheep
cheque
course
chord
deer

loan
made
mail
main
meat
medal
missed
muscle
none
oar
one
pail
pain
pair
patience
peace
peal
plain
plane
pore
practice
praise
pray
principal
profit
rain
rap
read
read
right
ring
road
role
root
rose

lone
maid
male
mane
meet
meddle
mist
mussel
nun
ore
won
pale
pane
pear
patients
piece
peel
plane
plain
pour
practise
prays
prey
principle
prophet
reign
wrap
reed
red
write
wring
rode
roll
route
rows

22

die
dun
Dye
ewe
eye
fair
feat
find
flea
flew
flour
flower
fool
fore
forth
foul
fur
gait
grate
groan
hair
hall
heal
hear
heard
here
higher
him
hole
hour
idle
key
knew
knight
knot
know
lain
lead
leak
lessen

dye
done
die
you
I
fare
feet
fined
flee
flu
flower
flour
full
four
fourth
fowl
fir
gate
great
grown
hare
haul
heel
here
herd
hear
hire
hymn
whole
our
idol
quay
new
night
not
no
lane
led
leek
lesson

PARENT AND YOUNG

sale
scene
sea
seam
sew
sight
soar
sole
son
soot
stair
stake
steal
stile
suite
tail
tear
their
threw
throne
tide
to
told
too
towed
urn
vain
vale
vein
waist
wait
way
weak
wear
whole
witch
wood
write
yoke
yore

sail
seen
see
seem
sow
site
sore
soul
sun
suit
stare
steak
steel
style
sweet
tale
tier
there
through
thrown
tied
two
tolled
to, two
toad
earn
vein
veil
vane, vain
waste
weight
weigh
week
where
hole
which
would
right
yolk
your

23

ADULT (ANIMALS)

YOUNG

24

bear
boar
buck (rabbit)
buffalo
bull (cattle)
bull (elephant)
camel
cat
cow
deer
dog
elephant
fox
giraffe
goat
hippopotamus
horse
kangaroo
leopard
lion
pig
possum
rat
rhinoceros
seal
sheep
stallion
tiger
wallaby
wolf
zebra
ADULT (BIRD)
bird
cock
cock (pigeon)
drake
eagle
gander
goose
grouse
ostrich
owl
partridge

cub
piglet, pigling
rack
calf
calf
calf
calf
kitten
calf
fawn
puppy
calf
cub
calf
kid
calf
foal
joey
cub
cub
piglet
joey
pup
calf
pup
lamb
foal
cub
joey
cub
foal
YOUNG
fledgling, nestling
chicken
squab
duckling
eaglet
gosling
gosling
poult, cheeper
chick
owlet
poult

25

pheasant
pigeon
swan
turkey
ADULT (INSECTS)
ant
bee
beetle
butterfly
cockroach
dragonfly
grasshopper
housefly
mosquito
moth
ADULT (FISH)
eel
oyster
shark
trout
whale
ADULT (AMPHIBIAN)
Frog
Toad
Turtle

poult
squab
cygnet
poult
YOUNG
grub
grub
grub
caterpillar
nymph
nymph
nymph
maggot
wriggler
caterpillar
YOUNG
elver
spat
cub
fry
calf
YOUNG
tadpole
tadpole
hatchling

Forming Abstract Nouns

Common Noun
Abstract Noun

Common Noun

Abstract Noun

brother
child
friend
king
leader
Verb
behave
die
free
grow
know
laugh

Brotherhood
Childhood
friendship
kingship
leadership
Abstract Noun
behavior
death
freedom
growth
knowledge
laughter

man
member
mother
neighbor
scholar
Verb
lose
marry
please
sell
speak
think

manhood
membership
motherhood
neighborhood
scholarship
Abstract Noun
loss
marriage
pleasure
sale
speech
thought

26

Adjective
angry
beautiful
brave
great
happy
hungry
king
long

Abstract Noun
anger
beauty
bravery
greatness
happiness
hunger
kindness
length

Adjective
new
strong
thirsty
true
unique
weak
wide
wise

Abstract Noun
newness
strength
thirst
truth
uniqueness
weakness
width
wisdom

The Plurals of Nouns

By adding -s
Plural Singular
antPlural Singular ants
bicycle
bicycles
cow
cows
daughter
daughters
egg
eggs
flower
flowers
grape
grapes
house
houses
jug
jugs
king
kings

lock
magazine
nose
orange
picture
rose
spoonful
toy
vase
well

locks
magazines
noses
oranges
pictures
roses
spoonfuls
toys
vases
wells

By adding -es to nouns ending in ch, -s, -sh, -ss, and -x

Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
beach
beaches
dish
dishes
inch
inches
thrush
thrushes
match
matches
boss
bosses
watch
watches
dress
dresses
bus
buses
glass
glasses
octopus
octopuses
kiss
kisses
syllabus
syllabuses
box
boxes
virus
viruses
fox
foxes
brush
brushes
six
sixes
bush
bushes
tax
taxes
By adding s to nouns ending in -o

27

Singular
Plural
Singular
dynamo
dynamos
studio
photo
photos
tattoo
piano
pianos
torso
radio
radios
trio
solo
solos
zero
By adding -es to nouns ending in -o
Singular
Plural
Singular
buffalo
buffaloes
potato
echo
echoes
tomato
hero
heroes
tornado
mosquito
mosquitoes
veto
negro
negroes

Plural
studios
tattoos
torsos
trios
zeros
Plural
potatoes
tomatoes
tornadoes
vetoes

By adding s or es to nouns ending in -o

Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
banjo
banjos/banjoes
memento
mementos/mementoes
archipelago
archipelagos/es
peccadillo
peccadillos/es
cargo
cargos/cargoes
lasso
lassos/lassoes
mango
mango/mangoes
indigo
Indigos/indigoes
motto
mottos/mottoes
volcano
volcanos/volcanoes
By changing y into ies if a noun ends in a consonant before the -y
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
beauty
beauties
fairy
fairies
cherry
cherries
family
families
curry
curries
nappy
nappies
diary
diaries
spy
spies
duty
duties
theory
theories
By adding s if there is a vowel before the -y
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
chimney
chimneys
kidney
kidneys
donkey
donkeys
monkey
monkeys
guy
guys
toy
toys
jersey
jerseys
trolley
trolleys
key
keys
valley
valleys
By changing f or fe into ves
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
calf
calves
life
lives
elf
elves
loaf
loaves
half
halves
sheaf
sheaves
knife
knives
thief
thieves

28

leaf
leaves
wife
By adding s to nouns ending in f or fe
Singular
Plural
Singular
chef
chef
handcuff
chief
chiefs
reef
cliff
cliffs
roof
giraffe
giraffes
safe
gulf
gulfs
sheriff
By adding s or changing f into ves
Singular

Plural

dwarf

dwarf/dwarves

handkerchief

Handkerchiefs/ves

hoof

hoof/hooves

scarf

scarfs/scarves

turf

turfs/turves

wharf

wharfs/wharves

By changing the vowels

Singular
Plural
axis
axes
cactus
cacti
crisis
crises
emporium
emporia/emporiums
fungus
fungus/funguses
By adding en or ren
Singular
Plural
ox
oxen
By changing the vowels
Singular
Plural
axis
axes
cactus
cacti
crisis
crises
emporium
emporia/emporiums
fungus
fungi/funguses

wives
Plural
handcuffs
reefs
roofs
safes
sheriffs

Singular
goose
louse
mouse
oasis
tooth

Plural
geese
lice
mice
oases
teeth

Singular
child

Plural
children

Singular
goose
louse
mouse
oasis
tooth

Plural
geese
lice
mice*
oases
teeth

* For computer mouse, the plural is mice or mouses.

The plural and singular forms of some nouns are the same
advice
advice
knowledge
knowledge

29

aircraft
baggage
cattle
cod
deer
fish
furniture
information

aircraft
baggage
cattle
cod
deer
fish**
furniture
information

music
news
offspring
scenery
series
sheep
species

music
news
offspring
scenery
series
sheep
species

16. The Comparison of Adjectives

Positive
big
black
bold
brave
bright
busy
clean
clear
clever
cold
cool
dark
dear
deep
dirty
dry
easy
fair
fast
fat
fine
funny
great
green
happy
hard
healthy
heavy
high
hot

Comparative
bigger
blacker
bolder
braver
brighter
busier
cleaner
clearer
cleverer
colder
cooler
darker
dearer
deeper
dirtier
drier
easier
fairer
faster
fatter
finer
funnier
greater
greener
happier
harder
healthier
heavier
higher
hotter

Superlative
biggest
blackest
boldest
bravest
brightest
busiest
cleanest
clearest
cleverest
coldest
coolest
darkest
dearest
deepest
dirtiest
driest
easiest
fairest
fastest
fattest
finest
funniest
greatest
greenest
happiest
hardest
healthiest
heaviest
highest
hottest

30

kind
large
late
lazy
light
long
low
lucky
mad
merry
narrow
naughty
near
new
noisy
old
pale
poor
pretty
proud
quick
red
rich
sad
safe
shallow
sharp
short
slow
small
smooth
strong
sweet
tall
thick
thin
tiny
ugly
warm
wealthy
wet
white
wide

kinder
larger
later
lazier
lighter
longer
lower
luckier
madder
merrier
narrower
naughtier
nearer
newer
noisier
older
paler
poorer
prettier
prouder
quicker
redder
richer
sadder
safer
shallower
sharper
shorter
slower
smaller
smoother
stronger
sweeter
taller
thicker
thinner
tinier
uglier
warmer
wealthier
wetter
whiter
wider

kindest
largest
latest
laziest
lightest
longest
lowest
luckiest
maddest
merriest
narrowest
naughtiest
nearest
newest
noisiest
oldest
palest
poorest
prettiest
proudest
quickest
reddest
richest
saddest
safest
shallowest
sharpest
shortest
slowest
smallest
smoothest
strongest
sweetest
tallest
thickest
thinnest
tiniest
ugliest
warmest
wealthiest
wettest
whitest
widest

31

wild
wise
young
Positive
ancient
beautiful
brilliant
careful
careless
cheerful
comfortable
dangerous
delightful
difficult
enjoyable
foolish
forgetful
frightening
generous
handsome
helpful
ignorant
important
intelligent
interesting
pleasant
powerful
prosperous
sensible
terrible
thoughtful
unusual
useful
valuable
wonderful
Positive
bad
far
far
good
little
many
much

wilder
wiser
younger
Comparative
more ancient
more beautiful
more brilliant
more careful
more careless
more cheerful
more comfortable
more dangerous
more delightful
more difficult
more enjoyable
more foolish
more forgetful
more frightening
more generous
more handsome
more helpful
more ignorant
more important
more intelligent
more interesting
more pleasant
more powerful
more prosperous
more sensible
more terrible
more thoughtful
more unusual
more useful
more valuable
more wonderful
Comparative
worse
farther
further
better
less
more
more

wildest
wisest
youngest
Superlative
most ancient
most beautiful
most brilliant
most careful
most careless
most cheerful
most comfortable
most dangerous
most delightful
most difficult
most enjoyable
most foolish
most forgetful
most frightening
most generous
most handsome
most helpful
most ignorant
most important
most intelligent
most interesting
most pleasant
most powerful
most prosperous
most sensible
most terrible
most thoughtful
most unusual
most useful
most valuable
most wonderful
Superlative
worst
farthest
furthest
best
least
most
most

32

Compiled by,
Ms. Sivajothi Arnasalam
S.K. Jln. Selangor (1) / Year 2011