Section 9:

Telecoms Technologies
Key Issues & Evolution

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Circuit Switching

Dedicated path is set up

Inefficient use of network resources
Circuit remains for the exclusive Suited to voice and other real
use of both parties for the
duration of the call
No significant delays

time services

Examples include PSTN and ISDN

Charging based on call duration
The Past

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Packet Switching

No dedicated circuit
Transmission links are shared
between users

Variable and unpredictable delays

Efficient use of network resources

Suited to data transmission

Examples include the Internet,
X.25, Frame Relay, ATM

Charging to be based
on throughput

The Future
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Mobile Networks
From voice to broadband multimedia services

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Evolution of Mobile Networks

3.5, 3.75
(HSPA)
(EV-DO: 0, A, B)

UMTS/W-CDMA
cdma2000 (1X: 0,1)

GSM
PDC
TDMA (D-AMPS)
CDMA (cdmaOne / IS95A)

4G!
(LTE)
(UMB)

GPRS
EDGE
IS95B

TACS
AMPS
NMT

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Basic Mobile Network Elements

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Circuit-Switched Domain

MSC
Mobile Switching
Centre
64 kbps Switch
GMSC is Gateway
99.999% Uptime
VLR
Visitor Location
Register
Local Database
One per MSC
Subscription
Profile
Location (Area)
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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Home Subscriber Server

EIR
Equipment ID
Register
IMEI
*#06#
Blacklist
Central EIR?

HLR
Home Location
Register
IMSI
Subscription Profile
Location (MSC/VLR)

AUC
Authentication
Centre
Authenticates SIM
Keys for encryption

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Packet-Switched Domain
SGSN
Serving GPRS
Support Node
Routing Function
IP Traffic
Local Database
GGSN
Gateway GPRS
Support Node
Routing Function
IP Traffic
DNS
Firewall
DHCP
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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (2G)

(GERAN)

BTS = Base Transceiver Station

BSC = Base Station Controller

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (3G)

(UTRAN)

RNC = Radio Network Controller

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Handovers

1
2
3
4
5
6

Mobile monitors serving and neighbour cell signals

Measurement report sent to BSC every 1/2 second
On reaching A , neighbour cell is assessed as the better cell to use
BSC instigates handover
New connection made via neighbour cell (new serving cell) and BSC
Old connection dropped

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Calls to a Mobile

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IMS

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

IMS - Seamless Service Provisioning

IP Multimedia
Subsystem
GSM
GPRS

3G

IP Core Network
Access Technologies
Fixed
Line
WiFi
WiMax

New subsystem
Supports IP-based multimedia services (realtime and
non-realtime)
Based on IETF standards and protocols (e.g. SIP & SDP)
Fixed and Mobile Implementations
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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

IMS Operator Benefits

Operator Benefits
New innovative services
blended services
Centralised control
Scaleability
Step towards all-IP networks
Simplified Billing
Reduced CAPEX and OPEX

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

IMS Operator Benefits

Frost & Sullivan, Jan 2008:
"The key factors propelling the carrier adoption of IMS
include:
- lower capital and operational expenditures,
- shorter new product introduction (NPI),
- flexibility in creating new 'combinational services
- higher ARPU) due to the advent of new services.
Providing the capability to work with different
equipment manufacturers will be one of the main
challenges.

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

IMS Benefits to the User

User Benefits
New Services
Personalisation
Access anywhere
Security
Blending of services
Ease of use

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

IMS The Market?

May 2008 (from NXTComm)
For now conversations with service providers,
equipment manufacturers and chip/board vendors
seem to show a long-awaited upturn in real-world
IMS deployments though projects remain mostly
experimental and small-scale in nature.
Sources consistently pointed to 2006-2007 as the
low point for the IMS hype cycle, with carriers
finding it hard to justify the expense or complexity
of taking a wholesale plunge into IMS.
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Fixed Access

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Digital Subscriber Line Technology

Limited by Distance
Contention Ratios 1:20 to 1:50
QoS Variable
CLECs deploying own DSLAMs

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

FTTx using fibre to deliver the services

FTTx = Fibre To The (Home, Premises, Cabinet,)

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

FTTx & Other Access: many combinations!

FTTx = Fibre To The (Home, Premises, Cabinet,)

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WiMAX
Whats behind the hype?

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

WiMAX 802.16

Operates 2-11GHz frequency bands

Data rates up to 70Mbps depending on range
Range up to 30 miles
Better QoS support at MAC layer
More users can share a single radio channel (up to 100)

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

WiMAX as a Backhaul Solution

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Rural Broadband

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

WiMAX Suite of Standards (Evolution)

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

WiMAX Usage Evolution

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

WiMAX vs Cellular Technologies

Cellular
Wide area coverage
Well established
Huge vendor support for terminals
Optimised for voice
Low data rates
Expensive deployment
WiMAX
High Data Rates (broadband)
Relatively low entry cost
Not designed for voice
Limited coverage
Portable rather than mobile coverage
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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

WiMAX deployment:
- 300 Deployments in 118 countries

(WiMAX Congress, Jun 08)

- South Korea and Pakistan have the largest deployments

of mobile WiMAX technology.
- (Korea's WiBro service - KT and SK Telecom - coverage
across metropolitan Seoul for more than 100,000 users).
- (Wateen in Pakistan recently ordered 198,000 802.16e
CPE from Motorola to offer nationwide fixed residential
and business services).
- The most talked about and anticipated network is Sprint's
Xohm service in the US (launched in Baltimore).

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

WiMAX deployment:

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Section 10:
Service Delivery and Supporting Systems
Provision, delivery and management of services

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Intelligent Networks
Typical applications

Freephone

Premium Rate

Televoting

Prepaid services

Number portability

Ring Back Tones

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Allowing

3rd

Parties to Provide Services

API = Application Programming Interface

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

IMS - Seamless Service Provisioning

IP Multimedia
Subsystem
GSM
GPRS

3G

IP Core Network
Access Technologies
Fixed
Line
WiFi
WiMAX

New subsystem
Supports IP-based multimedia services (realtime and
non-realtime)
Based on IETF standards and protocols (e.g. SIP & SDP)
Fixed and Mobile Implementations
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IMS = IP Multimedia Subsystem

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TV IP & Mobile

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

IP Television (IPTV)

Television delivered over a connection supporting the

Internet Protocol (IP), [note: not the same as Internet TV]
e.g. Video on Demand (VoD) via broadband

IPTV Features
VoD
Interactive TV (iTV)
Private Video Recorders (PVRs)
Quality of Service

Part of Multi-Play proposition

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

IP Television Market?

Key players include: France Telecom, PCCW, Qwest,

Telefonica, Chunghwa Telecom.

India and China are registering sharp rises in broadband

subscriptions and, together with The Philippines, will join
South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore and Macao, in
the growing APAC marketplace.

The American market is expected to be the most

competitive IPTV market in the world, largely due to high
existing pay-TV penetration, stiff prices and service
competition.

IPTV subscribers worldwide are forecast to reach to 103

million in 2011. The Americas and Western Europe are
expected to be the biggest markets on revenue per user
basis.

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(RNCOS, Feb 2008)

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Mobile TV what are the key issues?

Various network options

- Cellular
- Terrestrial broadcast
- Satellite broadcast

Spectrum allocation waiting

for analogue TV switch-off on
different frequencies
Network rollout and handset
availability
Battery technology
Pricing models

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Mobile TV content

Content formatting

Consumption patterns

Sports
Reality TV shows
Soaps, etc.

Usability

Time of day
Duration

Usage by genre

Formatted-for-mobile
Ordinary live TV
Clips
Mobisode versions

User interface
Screen size
Battery life

How much will users be willing to pay?

Pricing models
Interactive services

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Location

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

LBS Clients and Functionality

LBS = Location Based Services

CLIENTS
PLMN Operator
Emergency Services
Value-added Services
Lawful Interception
QoS and FUNCTIONALITY
QoS
horizontal accuracy
vertical accuracy
response time
Priority
Timestamp
Security
Privacy

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Location Based Services Key Technologies

Source: 3GPP

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Support Service Provision

The key role of OSS and BSS

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

OSS & BSS in the network

OSS = Operational Support System

BSS = Business Support System
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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

The Creation of Call Detail Records

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Billing Process

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Roaming Agreements and TAP

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TAP = Transferred Account Procedure

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

Prepaid Billing

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NGOSS
The promise of plug and play support systems?

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

TeleManagement Forum (TMF)

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Telecoms Technologies The Emerging Picture

NGOSS driving efficiency and reducing costs

Source: TMForum

NGOSS = New Generation Operations Systems and Software

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