0 INTRODUCTION
Psychologists agree that if their ideas and theories about human behaviour
are to be taken seriously, they must be backed up by data. However, the
research of different psychologists is designed with different goals in mind, and
the different goals require different approaches. Psychologists use the research
method to conduct their research. Research method are the specific methods a
researcher uses to collect, analyse, and interpret data. Psychologists use three
major types of research designs in their research, and each provides an
essential avenue for scientific investigation. Descriptive research methods are
pretty much as they sound they describe situations. They do not make
accurate predictions, and they do not determine cause and effect. There are
three main types of descriptive methods: naturalistic observation, laboratory
observation, survey and case study. Experimental research in psychology
applies the scientific method to achieve the four goals of psychology: describing,
explaining, predicting, and controlling behaviour and mental processes.
Correlational method studies are used to show the relationship between two
variables. Unlike experimental studies, however, correlational studies can only
show that two variables are relatedthey cannot determine. Each of the three
research designs varies according to its strengths and limitations, and it is
important to understand how each differs.
more correct. Humans or animals shows their true feelings, reactions, and behaviours
when they are in natural settings.
2. Aids In Research Validation
Naturalistic observation is used to validate results from experiments that have already
been done. They help to confirm or disprove this data because it gives a truly accurate
account of results.
3. Puts Thing In Real World View
Tests can be conducted in a real world setting. This makes the answers that are
obtained much more relevant to the hypothesiss impact in true, real life settings. This is
a type of view that is much more difficult, or nearly impossible, to get with other types of
experiments and observations that can be done.
4. Allows You To Study Unethical Topics
There are many things that need to be studied in depth in order for us to understand
them better. However, not all circumstances are fit for throwing people into a scientific
study of their behaviours or emotions. One good example of this would be the effects
that school shootings have on students at the school. Naturalistic observation allows
researchers to gather valuable data, without interrupting the emotional wellbeing of the
subject.
Tally counts: The observer writes down when and how many times certain
behaviours occurred.
Observer narratives: The observer may take notes during the session and
then go back later to try to collect data and discern behaviour patterns from
these notes.
famous
examples
of
naturalistic
observations
include Charles
Darwin's journey aboard theHMS Beagle, which served as the basis for his theory of
natural selection, and Jane Goodall's work studying the behaviour of chimpanzees
collecting questionnaire data, and Internet surveys often generate large numbers of
responses (Azar, 2000). For example, an Internet survey posted by researchers who
wanted to collect data about suicidal feelings attracted more than 38,000
respondents from all over the world (Mathy, 2002). However, researchers who use
Web-based surveys must be cautious about generalizing the results of their studies
because respondents represent only the population of Internet users who choose to
participate, not the general population or even the entire population of Internet users.
Moreover, they must take steps to ensure that a respondent can participate in the
study only once (Gosling et al., 2004). If conducted properly, surveys can provide
highly accurate information. They can also track changes in attitudes or behaviour
over time. For example, Johnston and others (Johnston, OMalley, Bachman, &
Schulenburg, 2010) have tracked drug use among high school students since 1975.
However, large-scale surveys can be costly and time consuming. Another important
limitation of survey research is that respondents may provide inaccurate information.
False information can result from a faulty memory or a desire to please the
interviewer. Respondents may try to present themselves in a good light (a
phenomenon called the social desirability response), or they may even deliberately
mislead the interviewer. Finally, when respondents answer questions about sensitive
subjects, such as sexual behaviour, they are often less candid in face-to-face
interviews than in self-administered or computerized questionnaires (Tourangeau,
Smith, & Rasinski, 1997).
group, one individual case or one particular population. In the design of a case study,
it is important to plan and design how you are going to address the study and make
sure that all collected data is relevant. Unlike a scientific report, there is no strict set
of rules so the most important part is making sure that the study is focused and
concise; otherwise you will end up having to wade through a lot of irrelevant
information. It is best if you make yourself a short list of 4 or 5 bullet points that you
are going to try and address during the study. If you make sure that all research
refers back to these then you will not be far wrong. Analysing results for a case study
tends to be more opinion based than statistical methods. The usual idea is to try and
collate your data into a manageable form and construct a narrative around it. Use
examples in your narrative whilst keeping things concise and interesting. It is useful
to show some numerical data but remember that you are only trying to judge trends
and not analyse every last piece of data. Constantly refer back to your bullet points
so that you do not lose focus. It is always a good idea to assume that a person
reading your research may not possess a lot of knowledge of the subject so try to
write accordingly. In addition, unlike a scientific study which deals with facts, a case
study is based on opinion and is very much designed to provoke reasoned debate.
There really is no right or wrong answer in a case study.
the results are much more relevant than some other forms of research. You can
clearly see the success, failure, of effects when analyzing the data collected. In
addition, many variations can be utilized in this research. There is a wide variety of
this type of research. Each can provide different benefits, depending on what is
being explored. The investigator has the ability to tailor make the experiment for their
own special situation, while still remaining in the validity of the experimental research
design
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CORRELATION
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***
CAUSATION!!!
Variable:
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5.0 CONCLUSION
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BIBLIOGRAFI
1. M.Filipowich, 2016.What Are the Advantages & Disadvantages of
Correlation Research. Retrieved from:
http://www.ehow.com/info_8359597_advantages-disadvantagescorrelation-research.html
2. M.Filipowich, 2016.What Are the Advantages & Disadvantages of
Correlation Research. Retrieved from:
http://www.ehow.com/info_8359597_advantages-disadvantagescorrelation-research.html
3. Source: Boundless. Experimental Research. Boundless Psychology.
Boundless, 08 Jan. 2016. Retrieved 14 Mar. 2016 from
https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundlesspsychology-textbook/researching-psychology-2/types-of-researchstudies-27/experimental-research-126-12661/
4. SAURAB, 2012 .What are the Advantages of Experimental Method of
Psychology? Retrieved
from :http://www.preservearticles.com/201101283757/advantages-ofexperimental-method.html
5. Kendra. C, 2016. What is naturalistic observation? Retrieved from:
http://psychology.about.com/od/nindex/g/naturalistic.htm
6. Martyn Shuttleworth (Apr 1, 2008). Case Study Research Design.
Retrieved :Mar 14, 2016 fromhttps://explorable.com/case-studyresearch-design
7. Andy. S, (2012). Psychology Research Methods: Core
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