Q-5 Incomplete dominance - A form of inheritance in which the heterozygous alleles are

both expressed, resulting in a combined phenotype. Incomplete dominance occurs when

one gene isn't completely dominant to another. Instead they "mix" together to display a
different trait.
An example is seen in some flower colors. A red and a white allele gives pink. If it were
codominance, you would see the red and white colors.
Incomplete dominance is most commonly found in plants.
Incomplete dominance (sometimes called partial dominance) is a heterozygous genotype
that creates an intermediate phenotype.
Basically if you cross a red rose and white rose neither color is dominant so you get pink
roses for heterozygous offsprings.

Ovule =
Q-7 1) Phellogen = is defined as the meristematic cell layer responsible
for the development of the periderm. Cells that grow inwards from
thephellogen are termed phelloderm, and cells that develop outwards are
termed phellem or cork (note similarity with vascular cambium).
2) Skipelete = a small or secondary spike in grasses; one of the flower
clusters, the unit of inflorescence, consisting of two or more flowers and
subtended by one or more glumes variously disposed around a common
axis.
Q-2 Some plants will drop some of their leaves if they can't sustain them..sort of self
amputation to try to save the rest of the plant. Plants will show stunted growth. Many
plants produce much higher amounts of oils, resins and toxins during drought to deter
thirty animals from eating them..The plant's roots may grow deeper into the soil in search
of water. The plant will not flower or fruit as this is takes too much water. If the plant had
started flowering/fruiting it will drop it's flowers or fruits to try to conserve the life of the
plant..other plants will 'bolt', annuals or perennials mostly, if they think they're dying they'll
put all their energy into reproducing so they will in fact flower themselves to death
Q-14 1) Heliophytes or heliophytic plants, also called sun-loving plants, are those that
require for their optimum growth full exposure to the sun. Examples are coconut, mango

2) Sciophytes or sciophytic plants, also called shade-loving plants, are

those plants with special ecological adaptation to reduced light intensity or
partial sun. Most of these plants are found naturally growing on the forest
floor and under the canopies of trees with thick foliage. Examples are
most orchids, ferns and fern allies like whisk fern
Q-3
The wilting of leaves takes place in hot summer days because of
tremendous heat, and loss of lot of water due to evaporation, excess
transpiration and hence become extremely dry. The process of
transpiration take place in stomata which is present in leaves of plant. In
order to excess transpiration plants wilt their leaves.
Q-9 Water is considered as limiting factor of ecosystem because;
1. Plants or animal body contain a large percentage of water,
sometimes 90% or more. Animal inhabiting the dry land, it become
essential for the organism to adopt in such a way that it can secure
and retain sufficient water.
2. The water factor on land seriously affects the growth and
distribution of animals and plants.

3. When moisture conditions of the environment become adverse, the

animals either die or migrate to more favourable locations.

Q-11 Plants have two main types of asexual reproduction:

1) vegetative reproduction: Vegetative reproduction results in new
plant individuals without the production of seeds or spores. Many
different types of roots exhibit vegetative reproduction. The corm is
used by gladiolus and garlic. Bulbs, such as a scaly bulb in lilies
and a tunicate bulb in daffodils, are other common examples of
this type of reproduction.
2) apomixes: Some plants can produce seeds without fertilization.
Either the ovule or part of the ovary, which is diploid in nature,
gives rise to a new seed. This method of reproduction is known as
apomixes.