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BudynasNisbett: Shigleys

Mechanical Engineering
Design, Eighth Edition

1006

Back Matter

The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008

Appendix A: Useful Tables

Mechanical Engineering Design

Table A15
Charts of Theoretical Stress-Concentration Factors K*t
Figure A151

3.0
d

Bar in tension or simple


compression with a transverse
hole. 0 = F/A, where
A = (w d )t and t is the
thickness.

2.8

2.6
Kt
2.4

2.2

2.0

Figure A152

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4
d/w

0.5

0.6

3.0

Rectangular bar with a


transverse hole in bending.
0 = Mc/I, where
3
I = (w d )h /12.

0.7

0.8

d
d/h = 0

2.6
0.25

0.5

2.2

1.0

Kt

2.0

1.8

1.4

1.0

Figure A153

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4
d/w

0.5

3.0

0.6

0.7

0.8

r
w /d = 3

Notched rectangular bar in


tension or simple compression.
0 = F/A, where A = dt and t
is the thickness.

2.6

1.5
2.2
1.2
Kt

1.1
1.8
1.05
1.4

1.0

0.05

0.10

0.15
r /d

0.20

0.25

0.30

1001

1002

BudynasNisbett: Shigleys
Mechanical Engineering
Design, Eighth Edition

Back Matter

The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008

Appendix A: Useful Tables

Useful Tables

1007

Table A15
Charts of Theoretical Stress-Concentration Factors K*t (Continued)
Figure A154

3.0
1.10

Notched rectangular bar in


bending. 0 = Mc/I, where
c = d/2, I = td 3 /12, and t is
the thickness.

w/d =

2.6

r
M

1.5

1.05

2.2
1.02

Kt
1.8

1.4

1.0

Figure A155

0.05

0.10

0.15
r /d

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.25

0.30

3.0

Rectangular filleted bar in


tension or simple compression.
0 = F/A, where A = dt and t
is the thickness.

D/d = 1.50
2.6

D
1.10
2.2
Kt

1.05
1.8
1.02
1.4

1.0

Figure A156

0.05

0.10

0.15
r/d

0.20

3.0
r

Rectangular filleted bar in


bending. 0 = Mc/I, where
3
c = d/2, I = td /12, t is the
thickness.

2.6

1.05

3
2.2

1.1 1.3

Kt
1.8

D/d = 1.02

1.4

1.0

0.05

0.10

0.15
r/d

0.20

0.25

0.30

(continued)

*Factors from R. E. Peterson, Design Factors for Stress Concentration, Machine Design, vol. 23, no. 2, February 1951, p. 169; no. 3, March 1951, p. 161, no. 5, May 1951, p. 159; no. 6, June
1951, p. 173; no. 7, July 1951, p. 155. Reprinted with permission from Machine Design, a Penton Media Inc. publication.

BudynasNisbett: Shigleys
Mechanical Engineering
Design, Eighth Edition

1008

Back Matter

The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008

Appendix A: Useful Tables

Mechanical Engineering Design

Table A15
Charts of Theoretical Stress-Concentration Factors K*t (Continued)
Figure A157

2.6
r

Round shaft with shoulder fillet


in tension. 0 = F/A, where
A = d 2 /4.

2.2

Kt 1.8

D/d
=
1.0

1.50

1.10

1.4
1.02

1.0

Figure A158

3.0

Round shaft with shoulder fillet


in torsion. 0 = Tc/J, where
4
c = d/2 and J = d /32.

2.6

0.05

0.10

0.15
r/d

0.20

0.25

0.30

r
d

2.2
Kts
1.8

1.0

Figure A159

3.0

Round shaft with shoulder fillet


in bending. 0 = Mc/I, where
c = d/2 and I = d 4 /64.

2.6

1.20 1.33

D/d =
2

1.4

1.09

0.05

0.10

0.15
r/d

0.20

0.25

0.30

r
M

2.2
Kt
1.8

D/d

=3

1.5
1.4

1.10

1.02

1.05
1.0

0.05

0.10

0.15
r/d

0.20

0.25

0.30

1003

1004

BudynasNisbett: Shigleys
Mechanical Engineering
Design, Eighth Edition

Back Matter

The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008

Appendix A: Useful Tables

Useful Tables

1009

Table A15
Charts of Theoretical Stress-Concentration Factors K*t (Continued)

Figure A1510

4.0
d

Round shaft in torsion with


transverse hole.

3.6

J D
dD2
c = 16 6 (approx)

Kts, B

2.8

Figure A1511

B A
3

Kts, A

Kts 3.2

2.4

0.05

0.10

0.15
d/D

0.20

0.25

0.30

3.0
d

Round shaft in bending with


a transverse hole. 0 =
2
M/[(D3 /32) (dD /6)],
approximately.

2.6
M

2.2
Kt
1.8

1.4

1.0

Figure A1512
Plate loaded in tension by a
pin through a hole. 0 = F/A,
where A = (w d)t . When
clearance exists, increase Kt
35 to 50 percent. (M. M.
Frocht and H. N. Hill, Stress
Concentration Factors around
a Central Circular Hole in a
Plate Loaded through a Pin in
Hole, J. Appl. Mechanics,
vol. 7, no. 1, March 1940,
p. A-5.)

0.05

0.10

0.15
d/D

0.20

0.25

0.30

11

h/w = 0.35
w

Kt
5
h/w = 0.50
3
h/w 1.0
1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4
d/w

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

(continued)

*Factors from R. E. Peterson, Design Factors for Stress Concentration, Machine Design, vol. 23, no. 2, February 1951, p. 169; no. 3, March 1951, p. 161, no. 5, May 1951, p. 159; no. 6, June
1951, p. 173; no. 7, July 1951, p. 155. Reprinted with permission from Machine Design, a Penton Media Inc. publication.

BudynasNisbett: Shigleys
Mechanical Engineering
Design, Eighth Edition

1010

Back Matter

The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008

Appendix A: Useful Tables

Mechanical Engineering Design

Table A15
Charts of Theoretical Stress-Concentration Factors K*t (Continued)

Figure A1513

3.0
r

1.15

Grooved round bar in tension.


0 = F/A, where
A = d 2 /4.

2.6
D

1.05

2.2
Kt
1.02

D/d = 1.50

1.8

1.4

1.0

Figure A1514

3.0

Grooved round bar in


bending. 0 = Mc/l, where
4
c = d/2 and I = d /64.

2.6

0.05

0.10

0.15
r /d

0.20

0.25

0.30

1.05
2.2
Kt
D/d = 1.50

1.02
1.8

1.4

1.0

Figure A1515

0.05

0.10

0.15
r /d

0.20

2.6

Grooved round bar in torsion.


0 = Tc/J, where c = d/2
4
and J = d /32.

0.25

0.30

r
T

2.2

1.8

1.05

Kts

D/d = 1.30
1.4
1.02
1.0

0.05

0.10

0.15
r/d

0.20

0.25

0.30

*Factors from R. E. Peterson, Design Factors for Stress Concentration, Machine Design, vol. 23, no. 2, February 1951, p. 169; no. 3, March 1951, p. 161, no. 5, May 1951, p. 159; no. 6, June
1951, p. 173; no. 7, July 1951, p. 155. Reprinted with permission from Machine Design, a Penton Media Inc. publication.

1005

1006

BudynasNisbett: Shigleys
Mechanical Engineering
Design, Eighth Edition

Back Matter

The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008

Appendix A: Useful Tables

Useful Tables

Table A15
Charts of Theoretical Stress-Concentration Factors K*t (Continued)

Figure A1516

a
r r

Round shaft with


flat-bottom groove in
bending and/or tension.

9.0

P
M

M
r
t
0.03

8.0

4P
32M
+
d 2
d 3
Source: W. D. Pilkey, Petersons
Stress Concentration Factors,
2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons,
New York, 1997, p. 115

0 =

7.0

0.04
0.05

6.0
0.07

Kt

0.10

5.0

0.15
0.20

4.0

0.40
0.60

3.0

1.00
2.0

1.0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.91.0

2.0

a/t

3.0

4.0

5.0 6.0

1011

BudynasNisbett: Shigleys
Mechanical Engineering
Design, Eighth Edition

1012

Back Matter

The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008

Appendix A: Useful Tables

Mechanical Engineering Design

Table A15
Charts of Theoretical Stress-Concentration Factors K*t (Continued)

Figure A1517

r
t

Round shaft with flatbottom groove in torsion.

16T
d 3
Source: W. D. Pilkey, Petersons
Stress Concentration Factors,
2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons,
New York, 1997, p. 133

0 =

6.0

r
t

5.0

0.03
0.04
4.0
0.06

Kts
3.0

0.10
0.20

2.0

1.0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.91.0

2.0
a/t

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1007

1008

BudynasNisbett: Shigleys
Mechanical Engineering
Design, Eighth Edition

Back Matter

The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008

Appendix A: Useful Tables

Useful Tables
a

Table A16
Approximate StressConcentration Factor Kt
for Bending of a Round
Bar or Tube with a
Transverse Round Hole

1013

The nominal bending stress is 0 = M/Z net where Z net is a reduced value
of the section modulus and is defined by

Source: R. E. Peterson, Stress


Concentration Factors, Wiley,
New York, 1974, pp. 146,
235.

Z net =

A
(D 4 d 4 )
32D

Values of A are listed in the table. Use d = 0 for a solid bar

d/D
0.9

0.6

a/D

Kt

Kt

Kt

0.050

0.92

2.63

0.91

2.55

0.88

2.42

0.075

0.89

2.55

0.88

2.43

0.86

2.35

0.10

0.86

2.49

0.85

2.36

0.83

2.27

0.125

0.82

2.41

0.82

2.32

0.80

2.20

0.15

0.79

2.39

0.79

2.29

0.76

2.15

0.175

0.76

2.38

0.75

2.26

0.72

2.10

0.20

0.73

2.39

0.72

2.23

0.68

2.07

0.225

0.69

2.40

0.68

2.21

0.65

2.04

0.25

0.67

2.42

0.64

2.18

0.61

2.00

0.275

0.66

2.48

0.61

2.16

0.58

1.97

0.30

0.64

2.52

0.58

2.14

0.54

1.94
(continued)

BudynasNisbett: Shigleys
Mechanical Engineering
Design, Eighth Edition

1014

Back Matter

1009

The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008

Appendix A: Useful Tables

Mechanical Engineering Design

Table A16 (Continued)


Approximate Stress-Concentration Factors Kts for a Round Bar or Tube Having a Transverse Round Hole and
Loaded in Torsion Source: R. E. Peterson, Stress Concentration Factors, Wiley, New York, 1974, pp. 148, 244.

The maximum stress occurs on the inside of the hole, slightly below the shaft surface. The nominal shear stress is 0 = T D/2Jnet ,
where Jnet is a reduced value of the second polar moment of area and is defined by
Jnet =

A(D 4 d 4 )
32

Values of A are listed in the table. Use d = 0 for a solid bar.


d/D
0.9

0.8
A

0.6
Kts

0.4
Kts

a/D

Kts

Kts

Kts

0.05

0.96

1.78

0.95

1.77

0.075

0.95

1.82

0.10

0.94

1.76

0.93

1.74

0.92

1.72

0.92

1.70

0.93

1.71

0.92

1.68

0.125

0.91

1.76

0.91

1.74

0.90

1.70

0.90

0.15

0.90

1.77

0.89

1.75

0.87

1.69

0.87

1.67

0.89

1.64

1.65

0.87

1.62

0.175

0.89

1.81

0.88

1.76

0.87

1.69

0.20

0.88

1.96

0.86

1.79

0.85

1.70

0.86

1.64

0.85

1.60

0.84

1.63

0.83

1.58

0.25

0.87

2.00

0.82

1.86

0.81

0.30

0.80

2.18

0.78

1.97

0.77

1.72

0.80

1.63

0.79

1.54

1.76

0.75

1.63

0.74

1.51

0.35

0.77

2.41

0.75

2.09

0.40

0.72

2.67

0.71

2.25

0.72

1.81

0.69

1.63

0.68

1.47

0.68

1.89

0.64

1.63

0.63

1.44

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