UNIVERISTY OF PUERTO RICO, CAYEY CAMPUS

COLECTIVO UNIVERSITARIO PARA EL ACCESO (CUA)

9TH GRADE ENGLISH REVIEW
I.

Language

Phrase

Sentence

Noun

Pronoun

Verb

Definition
A group of words that does
not have a subject,
predicate or conveys a
complete idea.
A group of words that have
a subject, predicate and
convey a complete idea.

A name of a person, place,

thing, animal, quality or
idea. It can be a proper or
common noun. Proper
nouns are unique and
specific, therefore their
first letter is capitalized.
Common nouns are used to
name general items,
therefore its first letter is
not capitalized.
A word that substitutes and
functions as a noun
A word used to describe an
action, a state or an
occurrence. There are three
different types of verbs:
action, linking and helping.
Action verbs: express
action ( something that is
done) or possession
Linking verbs: connects
the subject of a sentence to
the rest of the predicate and
does not express action
Helping verbs: are used

Examples
Broke after she took it
The pen on the desk

Examples in a sentence
N/A

The students opened their

books quickly after the
teacher arrived.
The girl listened to music
on her phone.
Proper nouns: Alexandra,
London, IPod, German
Shepherd, Mrs. Doubtfire,
Burger King, New York
University
Common nouns: teacher,
school, pen, dog, state,
house, supermarket,
television, music,
folder

N/A

He, she, it, they, you, we, I

He went to the baseball game.

She is excited to go to the movie
theatre with her friends.
Action verb: Jessica did her
chores this week.
Helping verb: Jessica did go to
the movie theater this weekend.
Linking verb: Jessica is in
school.
Helping verb: Jessica is doing
her homework.

Action verbs: give, eat,

walk, have, own, drink,
talk, raise, sing, answer,
protect, accept, attend,
write, serve, etc.
Linking verbs: to sleep, to
appear, to smell, to look,
to turn, to feel, to remain,
to become, to grow, to
stay, to taste, to continue,
to prove, to sound, etc.
Helping verbs: can, is, was,

Alexandra listened to her IPod

as her parents drove to the
Burger King of London.
After the teacher left the school,
she went to her house to feed her
dog.

Adjective

Adverb

Conjunction

Interjection

Article

Preposition

before action or linking

verbs to help the verbs
convey possibility or time
A word that describes a
noun or pronoun.
Adjectives may be located
before the noun or in the
predicate of a sentence.

A word that describes a

verb, an adjective or
another adverb. Many
adverbs usually end in lyand may be located before
an adjective, an adverb, or
a verb.
A word used to connect
parts of the sentence that
coexist with each other

may, will, did, have, has,

must, could, shall, might,
ought to, should, would
Beautiful, yellow, tall,
round, empty, dirty, hot,
modern, loud, brave,
nervous, shy, timid, fast,
skinny, flat, shiny, elegant,
famous, worried, large,
quiet, cold, numerous, etc.
Oddly, happily, usually,
here, there, first, yesterday,
very, almost, only, enough,
etc.

For, and, nor, but, or, yet,

so, etc.

A word that expresses

feelings or emotions

Ouch, eww, boo, meh, huh,

grrr, whoa, ooh, woohoo,
etc.
A word used with a noun to A, an, the
specify the reference being
made to the noun.
A word that introduce
About, above, against,
information in a sentence.
besides, across, after,
Usually placed before a
along, behind, except,
noun or its article or a
beside, during, for, from,
pronoun.
in, between, on, beneath,
onto, down, out, outside,
till, off, to, toward, under,
underneath, without, until,
with, within, etc.

The famous ballerina twirled

gracefully.
The ballerina is beautiful.

I certainly want to see the new

car you bought.
The clothes were very humid
after it rained.
She spoke very gracefully.

Ally and Jake will be eating at

the new restaurant after the
meeting.
I want to eat, but I lost my
wallet.
Ouch! That bee stung me.
Ahh, that feels nice.
The boy ate an apple.
A dog ate my shoe.
I saw the fight between the two
brothers.
I will call you back after supper.
Maria wrote something back to
you.

Exercises:
Make a check mark to all the premises that are true.

A sentence is a group of words that has a subject and predicate.

Verbs are words that name a person, place, thing, or idea.
A noun is a word used to express an action, a condition, or a state of being.
A pronoun is used to substitute a noun.

Parts of a sentence:

noun

conjunction

noun

verb

article

noun

preposition article

noun

Bob and Rob reviewed the material for the test

conjunction

pronoun

verb

adverb

adjective

because it was very difficult.

Exercise: Identify the following sentence.

The whole team ate lunch at the new and

modern restaurant. Wow, we certainly had a
good time.

II.

Reading part 1

Definition: When we read, we try to understand what we are reading. That is called reading comprehension.
A good strategy to understand what we are reading is to create a mental image of the text you are trying to
understand. Another strategy is to mark important information while you are reading.
Example:
There are many reasons why it's important to recycle and compost as much as possible: It conserves raw
materials making new products out of recycled materials reduces the need to consume precious resources.
So recycling helps protect raw materials and protect natural habitats for the future (South London Waste
Partnership (2016).
Exercise:
Read the following story and answer the next five questions with it.

Koko
Did you know that humans aren't the only species that use language? Bees communicate by dancing. Whales
talk to each other by singing. And some apes talk to humans by using American Sign Language.
Meet Koko: a female gorilla born at the San Francisco Zoo on July 4th, 1971. Koko learned sign language from
her trainer, Dr. Penny Patterson. Patterson began teaching sign language to Koko in 1972, when Koko was one
year old. Dr. Patterson says that Koko has mastered sign language and knows over 1,000 words.
Not everyone agrees with Dr. Patterson. Some argue that apes like Koko do not understand the meaning of what
they are doing. However, in 1984 when Koko picked a cat and named him "All Ball." Dr. Patterson said that
Koko loved and nurtured All Ball as though he were a baby gorilla. Sadly, All Ball got out of Koko's cage and
was hit by a car. Patterson reported that Koko signed "Bad, sad, bad" and "Frown, cry, frown, sad" when she
broke the news to her.
The debate to whether Koko understands the meaning of words is still unresolved, but one thing is for certain:
Koko is an extraordinary ape. (Copied and adapted from E Reading Worksheets, n.d).

1. What point of view is the story told?

a. First
b. Second
c. Third
d. None of above

2. What does nurtured mean in the story?

a. Sadness
b. Care
c. Ignore
d. None of the above
3. What is the main idea of the story?
a. Animals like Koko use language to communicate.
b. Kokos trainer did not treat her very well.
c. It is natural for different animals to live together.
d. None of the above.
III.

Reading part 2

Homonyms: homonyms are words that sound alike, but have different meanings. Many homonyms are written
the same too.
Example:
1. Ad/add
The new Coca Cola ad was so inspirational, it made me feel like the world would change if I
bought a Coca Cola.
o Ad: marketing strategy used for advertising
I like to add garlic, butter, and cheese to my broccoli.
o Add: to increase in size by joining
2. Bark/bark
Many people try poisoning the bark of a tree in order to get rid of it.
o Bark: wooden part of a tree
The dogs bark was so loud, it woke up my neighbors.
o Bark: sound a dog makes to communicate
Exercises:
The following four questions include its own sentences. The students must read them and chose the correct
definition of the words in bold.
1. All the students had to rake the leaves that fell off the tree.
a. Pages from a book
b. To depart from a place
c. Structure of a plant that is attached to the stem
d. None of the above
2. The baby girl cries when her mother leaves her in the crib.
a. Pages from a book
b. To depart from a place
c. Structure of a plant that is attached to the stem
d. None of the above

IV.
Listening
When we want to understand a story, all we have to do is pay attention and listen. A good strategy for
understanding someone speak is to look at them as they are talking because you can read their lips and read

their body movements. Also you can interpret their tone with their facial expressions making sure you
notice any extra emphasis they put on important information. Also you might want to try imagining what
the other person is saying.
Example:
When someone says, The tree was full of apples you might want to imagine something like this:

Exercise:
The following three questions must be answered after listening to a short paragraph that your tutor will read
out loud. Pay attention, because the paragraph will be read only twice.
1. What would Leonard buy to eat if he had 100 dollars?
a. A hotdog
b. Some fries
c. A hamburger
d. None of the above
2. What did he do with the wallet?
a. He stayed with the money because he needed it.
b. He did not find a wallet, he was just dreaming.
c. He took it to the police station because it did not belong to him.
d. None of the above
3. What happened at the end?
a. A woman picked up the wallet.
b. The policeman gave him money.
c. The policeman took him to prison.
d. None of the above

V.

Writing
There are four different types of writing styles: persuasive, expository, descriptive, and narrative.
1. The purpose of persuasive writing is to argument against or in favor of something you are trying to
defend.
Example:
Following the 2012 Olympic Games hosted in London, the UK Trade and Investment
department reported a 9.9 billion boost to the economy. Although it is expensive to host the
Olympics, if done right, they can provide real jobs and economic growth. This city should
consider placing a bid to host the Olympics (Hub pages, 2015).
2. The purpose of expository writing is to explain something without expressing your own point of
view.

Example:
Many people associate the taste of pumpkins with fall. In October, companies from Starbucks to
McDonalds roll out their pumpkin-flavored lattes and desserts. Here is how to make an easy
pumpkin pie using only five ingredients. First, make sure you have all of the ingredients (Hub
pages, 2015).
3. The purpose of descriptive writing is to describe details of the aspects you are trying to portray with
the intention of creating a good mental representation on the reader.
Example:
The iPhone 6 is unexpectedly light. While size of its screen is bigger than those of the iPhones
that came before, it is thinner, and its smooth, rounded body is made of aluminum, stainless steel,
and glass. The casing comes in a whitish silver, gold, or a color the company calls space gray,
the color of the lead of a pencil, with darker gray accents.
(Hub pages, 2015).
4. The purpose of a narrative writing is to tell a story.
Example:
I dont think thats a good idea, said Jaelyn.
You never used to be such a girl! retorted Orin, pushing open the door.
Reluctantly, Jaelyn followed. (Hub pages, 2015).

Exercise:
In the following part, write one paragraph for each prompt written below. Take in consideration your choice of
words, spelling, and remember to be persuasive.

1. Situation: Because social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, etc.) are so easy to access, people may
misuse it. As a result, many people become victims of bullying (cyberbullying).
Directions: Think about whether or not there should be a law in Puerto Rico that protects people from
cyberbullying.
Prompt: Write to persuade your classmates on whether there should or should not be a law in Puerto
Rico that protects people from cyberbullying.

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E Reading Worksheets. (n.d). Nonfiction Reading Test Koko. http://www.ereadingworksheets.com/reading-comprehensionworksheets/nonfiction-reading-test-koko-answers.htm
Hub Pages. (2015).Four Different Types of Writing Styles: Expository, Descriptive, Persuasive, and Narrative. How to Write.
http://hubpages.com/literature/Four-Types-of-Writing
South London Waste Partnership. (2016). Why its important to recycle and compost. http://www.slwp.org.uk/what-we-do/recyclingcomposting/why-it-is-important-to-recycle-and-compost/