13. Another broadcast by Voice of Vietnam on the same day (1243 hrs) mentioned
that it would be a “three‐day meeting.” Vietnam’s Defence Minister hosted bilateral
meetings with his counterparts and the ASEAN Deputy Secretary‐General on May
10th. The ADMM met on May 11th and was reported to have closed at a press
conference held that day.
2
There is no explanation why the ADMM did not extend until May 12th or May 13th.
The three‐day period may have included official arrival and departure ceremonies. It
is unclear whether an informal retreat was planned or even part of the program. The
agenda for the 4th ADMM was relatively straight forward and the key items for
discussion had been thoroughly reviewed by senior officials (ASEAN Defence Senior
Officials Meeting) and chiefs of the defence forces in meetings held prior to the
ADMM.
In 2003, ASEAN has set itself
the goal of creating an
ASEAN Community by 2020
(since brought forward to
2015) based on three pillars:
political‐security, economic
and socio‐cultural. The
ASEAN Charter, which came
into force in 2008, gave each of
these pillars an institutional
form by creating three ministerial‐level councils, including an ASEAN Political‐
Security Council. ASEAN defence ministers were the last ministerial group to form
among ASEAN ministers.
The ADMM is “the highest ministerial defence and security consultative and
cooperative mechanism for discussion of regional security issues” (Joint Declaration
of the ASEAN Defence Ministers On Strengthening ASEAN Defence Cooperation for
Stability and Development of the Region, May 11, 2010).
This ASEAN Political‐Security Council
will incorporate the annual ASEAN
Defence Ministers Meeting which
began in May 2006. The Protocol to
the ADMM Concept Paper states
“the ADMM may discuss practical
cooperation in traditional and non‐
traditional security concerns;
transnational and transboundary
security challenges including
maritime security; disaster relief and
emergency response; and
peacekeeping, post‐conflict peace‐building and humanitarian assistance among
other areas of cooperation.”
In other words, the ADMM is almost entirely focused on non‐traditional security
threats. This is clear in the adoption of three Concept Papers in 2009. One dealt with
the use of military assets in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. The second
dealt with the relationship between defence establishments and civil society
organizations in dealing with emergencies. The third dealt with the principles of
ADMM Plus membership.
3
The just concluded 4th ADMM approved two documents, ADMM‐Plus: Configuration
and Composition [also referred to in unofficial reports as ADMM‐Plus: Structure and
Participants] and ADMM‐Plus: Modalities and Procedures [also referred to in
unofficial reports as ADMM‐Plus: Protocol and Procedures]. All decisions of the
ADMM have to be approved by the ASEAN Summit first. This will take place later in
the year, in October, when ASEAN will hold its next summit in Hanoi.
On the South China Sea: The ADMM three‐year work program, adopted in November
2007, includes as one of its items, “contribute to the full implementation of the
Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) and support the
adoption of a regional code of conduct in the South China Sea.” The DOC/South
China Sea was not on the formal ADMM agenda as it was not discussed previously at
the ASEAN Chiefs of Defence Force Informal Meeting or the subsequent ASEAN
Defence Senior Officials Meeting. Defence Minister General Phung Quang Thanh,
nevertheless had an opportunity to raise Vietnam’s concerns at the end of the 4th
ADMM meeting when ministers held a dialogue on regional security issues. General
Thanh also could have availed himself of the opportunity to give a voluntary briefing
or raising East Sea issues at an informal retreat of defence ministers.
Minister Thanh raised
Vietnam’s concerns about
the East Sea in November
2009 in informal bilateral
meetings on the sidelines of
the 3rd ASEAN defence
ministers meeting. He
pressed for maritime
cooperation involving
Thailand, Malaysia,
Singapore, Indonesia and
Brunei specifically on the
issue of handling the case of
fishermen who strayed into
another country’s territorial
waters. Minister Thanh
argued that countries should
not use force or destroy fishing craft.
Since the implementation of the DOC was discussed by an ASEAN and China Working
Group in Hanoi on 17th April this issue is now in the hands of non‐defence officials. At
the moment the ADMM has not yet reached a stage to take decisions involving
outside parties such as China. Any such decision would have to be discussed at chiefs
of defence force and senior official levels.
The ADMM was unlikely to discuss the South China Sea prior to setting up the
ADMM‐Plus process. Any such discussion could spook China in the same way when
the ASEAN Regional Forum was set up. China initially feared that such a multilateral
grouping would gang up against it on the South China Sea.
4
It is clear from public remarks that Vietnam is extremely concerned not to alienate
China at this stage by raising the South China Sea. At the concluding ADMM press
conference General Thanh was at pains to stress that Sino‐Vietnamese relations
“were good with a spirit of partnership and comprehensive strategic cooperation.”
Clearly Vietnam has serious reservations about Chinese assertiveness. It has now
emerged that Vietnamese fishing boats engaged in “swarming tactics” to surround
Chinese fishing vessels in March. When China dispatched a rather high‐powered
naval flotilla the Vietnamese dispersed. And despite all the diplomatic ‘tooing and
frooing’ China has reportedly seized dozens of fishing craft in the past year and a
half. Deputy Defence Minister General Nguyen Chi Vinh has been even more
accommodating. He states, “It is difficult to distinguish clear boundaries when fishing
in the South China Sea, so the arrests of fishermen happened.”
The ADMM‐Plus process will involve a meeting between ASEAN’s ten defence
ministers and their counterparts from eight of ASEAN present dialogue partners:
Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, South Korea and the United
States. The other two dialogue partners, Canada and the European Union, may be
invited to participate at a later date.
The ADMM‐Plus process is designed to enlist the support of dialogue partners in
addressing regional security issues and to provide support in capacity building to
address transnational security challenges, with priority on humanitarian assistance
and disaster relief.
The ADMM is an important milestone for ASEAN. The Concept Paper on the ADMM
Plus mentions cooperating with dialogue partners on “complex transnational
security challenges on traditional and non‐traditional security issues, such as
terrorism and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.” Sovereignty disputes are
not included. It should be noted that at this stage it is planned for the ADMM Plus to
meet every three years.