Solubility Chart
Negative Ions
Positive Ions
Solubility
Essentially All
Soluble, (aq)
Essentially All
Hydrogen ion, H*
Soluble, (aq)
Essentially All
Soluble, (aq)
Essentially All
Soluble, (aq)
Soluble, (aq)
Nitrate, NO3
Acetate,
CH3COO
Chloride, Cl
Bromide, Br
Iodide, 1
Sulfate, so/
Sulfide, S^
Hydroxide, OH
Phosphate,
P04^
Carbonate,
COB^
All others
Alkali ions and H\ NH4'
All others
Low Solubility,
(s)
Soluble, (aq)
Low Solubility,
(s)
Soluble, (aq)
Soluble, (aq)
Low Solubility,
(s)
Soluble, (aq)
Low Solubility,
(s)
Soluble, (aq)
Low Solubility,
(s)
Sulfite, SOB^
Chromate,
Cr04^
Low Solubility,
(s)
Soluble, (aq)
Formula
'fsp
barium carbonate
BaC03f3)
2.6 X 10^^
barium chromate
BaCr04(s)
1.2 X 10^1
barium sulfate
BaSO^cs)
1.1 X 10^1
calcium carbonate
CaC03f33
5.0 X 1 0 " ^
calcium oxalate
CaC204fs); CaOOCCOOfs)
2.3 X 1 0 " ^
calcium phosphate
Ca3(P0^2is)
2.1 X 10~33
calcium sulfate
CaS04(33
7.1 X 10-5
copperO] chloride
CuCI(33
1.7 X 1 0 " ^
copperO] iodide
Culfs)
1.3 X 10^12
copperOO iodate
cuao332Cs)
6.9 X 1 0 " ^
copperOO sulfide
CuS(33
6.0 X 10-3^
ironOO hydroxide
FeC0H)2Cs)
4.9 X 10^^^
ironOO sulfide
FeS(33
6.0 X 10"^^
ironCIII) hydroxide
FeCOH33C33
2.6 X 10^33
leadOO bromide
PbBr2(33
6.6 X 10"^
leadOD chloride
PbCl2(s)
1.2 X 10^5
3.7 X 10-^^3
leadOD iodate
Pba0332(s)
leadOD iodide
Pbl2Cs)
8.5 X 10-9
lead00 sulfate
PbSOz,cs)
1.8 X 10-
magnesium carbonate
MgC03f33
6.8 X 10"^^
magnesium fluoride
MgFacs)
6.4 X 10-9
magnesium hydroxide
MgC0H)2Cs)
5.6 X 10-12
mercuryO) chloride
Hg2Ci2(s)
1.5 X 10-1^
silver bromate
AgBr03f33
5.3 X 10-5
silver bromide
AgBr(33
5.4 X 10-13
silver carbonate
Ag2C03Cs3
8.5 X 10-12
silver chloride
AgCI(3)
1.8 X 10-1
silver chromate
Ag2Cr04(3)
1.1 X 10-12
silver iodate
Agi03cs3
3.2 X 10-^
silver iodide
Agi(s3
8.5 X 10-1^
strontium carbonate
SrC03C33
5.6 X 10-10
4.3 X 10-9
strontium fluoride
SrF2(3)
strontium sulfate
SrS04C33
3.4 X 10"^
zinc hydroxide
ZnCOH32(33
7.7 X 10-1^
zinc sulfide
ZnSt33
2.0 X 10-25
Values in this table are taken from The CRC Handbool< of Chemistry and
Physics, 76th Edition.
802
Appendix C
Use the solubility chart and write the balanced dissolving ionic (DIE), overall ionic
(OIE), and the net ionic equations (NIE) when:
Intro to Ksp
Calculating Solubility
Calculating Solubility 2
Calculating Ksp
Ksp Of Pbcl2
Object! ve(s):
Determine the Ksp of PbC12.
Chemical(s):
100 mL saturated PbC12 solution.
Distilled water
Safety Precautions:
Wear eye protection over eyes when working with chemicals.
Observe proper glass handling procedures.
Rinse affected areas immediately with copious quantities of water.
Clean up spills immediately.
Wash hands when iinished.
All solutions are poisonous. Observe appropriate precautions when handling.
Experimental Setup:
Quantitative Observations:
Mass of clean, dry, empty beaker:
Mass of filter paper:
.
Mass of beaker, filter paper, and dry precipitate:
Temperature of saturated PbC12 solution:
.
C
Chemical Equations:
Write the balanced equilibrium dissolving equations for PbC12 and the precipitate,
including appropriate subscripts.
Calculations:
1. Calculate the moles of precipitate.
2. Calculate the Ksp of PbC12.
Conclusion:
Answer the objective.
Compare your result to the actual Ksp and comment on your experimental method.
p.492 Q.9 b)
Common Ion Sample Problem 2
Predicting Precipitation
p. 4 8 9 Q.5 a)
W i l l a precipitate form from the mixing of 25.0 mL of
0.010 mol/L of silver nitrate and 25.0 mL of 0.0050 mol/L
potassium chloride? Get Ksp values from p.802
C "^-D
f\^ C '^
Predicting Precipitation
1/
_ ,
- - ' o " ^
> = >
Selective Precipitation
Solutions containing different ions may be separated by carefully
separating the least soluble ion.
Sample Question
How much iodide solution must be added to a solution containing
0.01 mol/L Ag+ and 0.01 mol/L Pb2+ ions to selectively
precipitate the least soluble ion?
How much I" must be a d d e d before Pb^+ ions precipitate?
W h a t concentration of Ag+ remains even after the most soluble ions
begin to precipitate?
b)
2.
A d d a strong acid.
3.
4.
b.
^Adapted from Brown, LeMay, Burnsten (2006). Chemistry The Central Science AP Edition. Pearson
Education Canada, Inc. Toronto, Ontario, p. 755.
Formula
Ksp
Ag2C03
AgBrOj
8.5x10"''
5.3 x i o " ^
8.5 X 10"'^
6.6x10"^
Agl
PbBr2
6. ^Starting with a saturated solution of iron (II) hydroxide (Ksp = 4-9 x lo"'-^),
cyanide ions are added in sufficient quantity to form the Fe(CN)6'^~ complex (Kf
= 1 X10^^) and dissolve the precipitate. Note that the iron (II) ion is involved in
the formation of the complex ion.
c. Write the balanced solubility equilibrium equation, complex ion formation
equation, and the overall equation.
* Formation constants obtained from Brown, LeMay, Burnsten (2006). Chemistry The Central Science
AP Edition. Pearson Education Canada, Inc. Toronto, Ontario, p. 750.