(19)
United States
Publication Classi?cation
(51)
Int. Cl.
F03D 7/02
(52) U.S. Cl.
Inventor:
(30)
100
127 ;/
Umax
1 07
Umin
thref
th_re1
109
1 13
117
121
UM
re1_new
123 125129
135
/
131/
290/44
ABSTRACT
.......................................................... ..
(57)
(2006.01)
137
US 2014/0159367 A1
FIG 1
100
127 ;/
Umax
107
Umin
\\
th ref
th_ref
113
117
-
121
\
mom:
E
US 2014/0159367 A1
US 2014/0159367 A1
FIG 3
303 '1
0.9
0.8 -
0.7
g 0.0
0.5 -
0.
307
200
0.1 .
FIG 4
5
6
7
Estimated SCR
9 30110
0.1
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
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0.2590103
0.35
US 2014/0159367 A1
[0008]
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0003] A wind farm may comprise one or more wind tur
bines which are connected to a common node which may also
be referred to as point of common coupling to which the
[0004]
the weaker the grid is, the less active power may be transfer
able to the grid. Transferring maximum active power may
require having an angle between the current and the voltage of
90. However, a maximum operating angle is recommended
in traditional power system, for example, 30 because above
between the wind turbine output terminal and the utility grid.
the certain angle the operating point may rapidly approach the
receiving end.
[0005] It has been observed, that when the power transmit
ted approaches the angle stability limit, the voltage at a mid
section of the transmission line may be depressed and voltage
collapses may be experienced. According to a conventional
system, the voltage controller of the wind turbine causes the
wind turbine to inject a large amount of reactive power into
the grid which may boo st the voltage back to a nominal value.
However, the kinetic energy stored in the rotor system of the
wind turbine then decreases or pumps back to the system and
?ed.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0007] Thus, there may a need for a method and an arrange
ment for controlling a wind turbine and/or a wind farm,
[0014]
US 2014/0159367 A1
[0016]
[0023]
wind farm.
[0017]
may be the inner loop. Thus in this situation, the ?rst control
ler may comprise a voltage controller portion and a current
control portion.
[0021]
[0026]
changed.
[0027]
US 2014/0159367 A1
utility grid.
may change.
[0040]
the at least one quantity and the adjusting the control param
[0043]
output.
[0036]
manner.
at the turbine terminal (or at any location apart from the point
of common coupling) may change, in particular may oscil
[0037]
coupling, respectively.
US 2014/0159367 A1
present invention;
[0055] FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a control system
whose control parameters are adjusted according to a method
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0056]
[0067]
ratio;
[0057]
present invention;
[0058]
present invention;
[0059] FIG. 6A schematically illustrates an actual voltage
at time in second;
[0060] FIG. 6B schematically illustrates a voltage devia
tion at time in second;
US 2014/0159367 A1
below.
possible.
[0076]
the curve 309 stays constant above the short-circuit ratio 311
at a value of about 0.8 and decreases with decreasing short
circuit ratio approximately in a linear fashion to a value of
approximately 0.15 at a short-circuit ratio of 1. Further, the
gain coe?icient indicated by the curve 307 is constant at a
value of around 0.25 above the short-circuit ratio threshold
power plant model 211. The ?rst voltage control portion 205
cient Kop.
[0072]
[0078]
[0079] The curves 405, 407, 409, 411 illustrate the behavior
for different voltages ranging from 0.92-1.08 when measured
as a ratio related to a nominal value.
[0080]
nominal voltage.
[0083]
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[0087]
levels.
park pilot voltage controller 203 being outer loop, wind tur
bine voltage controller 205 being middle loop and wind tur
bine current controller 207 being the inner loop. In principle,
voltage controller in park pilot should be much slower than
voltage controller in the turbine controller and voltage con
troller in wind turbine should be much slower than current
controller in the turbine controller. Therefore, it is very
important to coordinate gain factors of the three control loops
[0090]
approximated to
value.
[0095]
[0096]
ately.
1141"
[Margianl/SCR
[0102] Here, I LR efrefers to reactive current reference, IMai
rgin refers to pre-de?ned margin factor and it is inversely
US 2014/0159367 A1
[0109]
obtained.
[0110]
[0112]
control portion.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the second
controller comprises:
a second voltage control portion parametrized with a sec
measuring.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising
operating the wind turbine with active power and/or reactive
comprises:
adjusting at least one ?rst gain of a ?rst controller control
controller comprises:
a ?rst voltage control portion parametrized with a ?rst
pling; and
curtailing active power output by the wind turbine in a
stepwise manner by up to 20% of a nominal active power
output if an oscillation of the monitored amplitude is
detected,
wherein the measuring and the adjusting is ticular per
formed after curtailing the active power output.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the measur
coupling; and
measuring a voltage and a reactive power before and after
ing is performed:
cyclically after every time interval, wherein the time inter
val is between 10 minutes and 24 hours, or 12 hours,
and/or
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grid; and
an adjustment section adapted to adjust a control parameter
of a control system controlling the Wind turbine and the
Wind farm based on the measuring.
17. The arrangement according to claim 16, Wherein the
adjustment is performed if the short circuit ratio is smaller
than a short circuit ratio threshold.
*