Types of Poetry:
Haiku
o Syllables: 5 7 5
o Usually about nature
Tanka
o 5 lines, 31 syllables
o Uses assonance
o Easy to read
Aphorism
o Is a line or a short statement
o Expresses a principle, truth, or observation about life
Sonnet
o 14 lines
o Lyrical Poem
o Two types: Petrarchan and Shakespearean
Shakespearean: Abab Cdcd Efef Gg rhyme scheme, iambic pentameter
(stressed, unstressed, etc.) 10 syllables per line
Lyric Poem
o Short and songlike
o Expresses emotions and thoughts
o Poetic songs
o Bo continuous rhyme
Free Verse
o Free of traditional rhyme and meter
o Has a conversational rhythm
o It can rhyme, but doesnt have to
Ode
o Complex
o Serious and songlike
o Has a maxim
Epic
o Usually about a hero taking a long journey
o Only sometimes rhymes
o Has mythical aspects
o Uses a superior tone
o Is basically a long story written in poetic form
o Originally told orally
Anecdote
o A short story with a maxim or moral
o Easy to follow
Prose Poem
o Line breaks are determined by the publisher
o Written in prose form (duh) but uses poetic devices
Elements of Fiction:
Fiction:
o Narrative prose
o From the authors imagination
o Not from history/fact
Setting:
o Location: Place, physical arrangement
o Time: Era, year, season, day, time
o Environment: During war, etc.
o Mood: A factor in the emotional impact of the work
Plot:
o Pattern of events in fiction
o Freytags Pyramid (generalization): Inciting incident, exposition, rising action
(complication), climax, falling action, catastrophe (in tragedy or resolution)
Conflict:
o Man vs. man
o Man vs. nature
o Man vs. society
o Man vs. self
Characters:
o Dynamic: Changes
o Static: No significant change
o Round: Well-defined as individuals
o Flat: Type-cast characters
Methods of Characterization:
o Direct: Author tells reader about character
o Indirect: Author shows reader about character through actions, words, dress, etc.
and observation/reactions from other characters
Point of View:
o The vantage point from which the story is told
o 1st person: I
o 3rd person omniscient: Knows all
o 3rd person limited: The narrator is outside of the story, but is the point of only one
person
Theme:
o Central idea/insight
o Not expressed in a word/phrase, but in a sentence
Literary Devices:
o Techniques an author uses, such as imagery, metaphors, irony, symbolism,
flashbacks, foreshadowing, similes, hyperboles, etc.
Writing Terminology: