DISASTER MANAGEMENT:
BY KUSUM
PREVIEW
1. Disturbing Trends of Disasters and their Impact on India.
DISTURBING TRENDS OF
DISASTERS
AND
Development Practices
Climatic changes
VICIOUS CYCLE
BURNING FOSSIL
FUELS
AND BURNING
FORESTS RELEASE
CARBON
REDUCES OXYGEN
AND INCREASES
DROUGHT
INUNDATING LOW
COASTAL AREAS
GLOBAL
WARMING
MELTING POLAR
ICE RAISES SEA
LEVELS
LESSONS LEARNT
FROM THE RECENT
DISASTERS
CHAOS
Early warning
Overwhelmed
State
Response
Preparedness
Fed + State
24
48
Federal
96
72
Response (Fed + State )
IN HURRICANE RITA THE FEDERAL GOVT GOT INVOLVED FROM THE WARNING STAGE.
Losses
of
Lives
138,000
Even when
Population
had doubled
127111
1970
1991 1994 1997
Remarks
1. Losses of lives shown for Cyclones with equal Intensity.
2. Success as a result of well defined Responsibilities and Coordinated & Efficient Response
Mechanism.
2.
3.
4.
5.
9.
10.
7.
8.
Disaster
Preparedness
Response/Relief
Rehabilitation
Prevention/
Mitigation
Reconstruction
Pre-disaster: risk reduction
Post-disaster: recovery
WHAT IS A DISASTER?
DISASTER is an event which is
-generally unpredictable,
-happens instantly or without giving enough time to react
-affecting a large number of people,
-disrupting normal life and leading to a large scale
devastation in terms of loss of life and property
-always finding the administration and affected people
struggling to respond in the desired manner and
-leaving deep socio-psychological, political and economic
after effects which persist for a long time to come.
CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS
NATURAL DISASTERS
Floods
Earthquakes
Cyclones
Droughts
Earthquakes
Cyclones
Floods
Droughts
->
->
->
->
Seconds/minutes
Days
Days
Months
MITIGATION
Risk Analysis
Vulnerability
Analysis
Hazard
Assessment
Risk
Assessment
Prevention
Structural
Measures
Non-Structural
Measures
RESPONSE
Preparedness
Rescue
Warning and
Evacuation
Planning of
Disaster
Response
Relief
Note
LONG TERM
MEASURES
Rehab
Reconstruct.
&
Recovery
HAZARD
VULNERABILITY
OF INDIA
I MM V or less
together now make
Zone II MM VI or less
Area under the zones
V 12%
IV 18%
III ~27%
Total damageable
~ 57%
IV
V
IV
V
V
III
III
WIND &
CYCLONE
HAZARD
ZONES IN
INDIA
FLOOD
HAZARD
PRONE
AREAS
OF
INDIA
LANDSLIDES
ZONATION
MAP
OF
INDIA
1
4
10
17
3
*Even though affected only by Drought but suffers heavy
Financial Losses averaging Rs. 3 to 8 Thousand Crores, Annually.
*Types:
GOVT OF INDIA
PLANNING
COMMISSION
CABINET COMMITTEE ON
SECURITY
NDMA
/ NEC
MHA
OTHER MINISTRIES/
DEPARTMENTS
ARMED FORCES
CABINET COMMITTEE ON
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL
CALAMITIES
DEPARTMENT
OF HOME
MINISTRIES/
DEPARTMENTS
HOME GUARD
POLICE
CIVIL DEFENCE
FIRE SERVICES
STATE DISASTER
RESPONSE FORCE
DISTRICTS
DDMAs
DEPARTMENTS
COMMUNITY
HOME GUARD
CIVIL DEFENCE
COMMUNITY
CHARTER NDMA
AND
VISION
CHARTER
1.
2.
3.
Approve
Coord
Monitor
Ensure
Implementation
VISION
The National Vision is, to build a Safer and Disaster
Resilient India, by developing a Holistic, Proactive,
Multi-hazard and Technology-Driven Strategy for DM.
This will be achieved through a Culture of Prevention,
Mitigation and Preparedness to generate, a prompt and
efficient Response at the time of Disasters. The entire
process will Centre-Stage the Community and will be
provided Momentum and Sustenance through Collective
efforts of all Government Agencies and NonGovernmental Organisations.
NATIONAL DISASTER
RESPONSE FORCE
NDRF consists of 8 battalions, with 144 self sustaining teams for rendering
effective response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
Four battalions are for natural disasters and four for NBC.
The force will be equipped with State of the Art equipment and will be
deployed in anticipatory manner to provide instantaneous response.
It will work under NDMA and will be located at nine vulnerable locations.
They will maintain close liaison with the State Governments and will be
available to them automatically, thus, avoiding long procedural delays.
Four Training Centres have been set up by PMF to train their respective NDRF
Battalions.
NDRF Battalions will impart basic training to State Disaster Response Force in
their respective locations.
For Development to be
Sustainable,
Disaster Mitigation Must be
Built Into
EVERY DISASTER
MUST BE TREATED
AS
AN OPPORTUNITY
TAKE IT
IT
TAKE
ON
ON
DONT
PASS IT
ON
HAZARD
A dangerous condition or events that threaten or have the potential for
causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment.
Hazards are basically grouped in two broad headings:
VULNERABILITY
RISK
Risk is a measure of the expected losses (deaths, injuries,
property, economic activity etc) due to a hazard of a
particular magnitude or Intensity occurring in a given area
over a specific time period.
HAZARD
VULNERABILITYRISK
DISASTER
6.
Training and Equipping of Central Response Force duly backed by trained teams
from Armed Forces
7.
Safe Houses . Identify shelters, for accommodating evacuees, both in Govt and
Private Sector, during Emergencies.
8.
9.
Communications
10. Failure within the DHS and in Communicating Relevant Information to Public, for
Early Warning, resulting in all available Federal Assets not being utilised. Need
to develop a more Comprehensive Emergency Communication System, to
ensure Survivability, Operability, Inter-Operability and Redundancy.
Response
11. Disaster Response Group at Central level to resolve disagreements
on Employment of Resources. This Group should also act as Single
Window Assistance Access for public.
12. Security of Assets by employing Local Law Enforcing Force for Law and Order.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
POLICY FORMULATION
TEAM COMPOSTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Secretarial Support
7.
Additional Secretary.
8.
Joint Secretary Planning.
9.
DDG Strategic Planning.