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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

PE Summer Course 2015

Introduction

James A. Craig

2015

Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Table of Contents
Wells
Types of Well
Well Classica<ons
Well Proles

Reservoir Traps
Types of Traps

Introduc<on to Excel
Units Conversion
James A. Craig

2015

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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

WELLS
A well is a hole drilled into the
ground to access trapped
hydrocarbons.

Types of wells:
Exploratory well
Appraisal well
Development well

James A. Craig

2015

Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Exploratory Well
Also known as Wildcat Well.
The rst well to be drilled into a geologic structure in
which no oil or gas has yet been discovered.
The chance of success for wildcats is only about 10%.

James A. Craig

2015

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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Appraisal Well
Also known as Delinea<on Well.
They are drilled if sucient hydrocarbon is encountered
in a wildcat well.
The purpose is to determine the elds size.
This involves:
Loca<ng the boundaries of the reservoir.
Determining the reservoirs shape & size
Determining rock proper<es & reservoir uid proper<es.

James A. Craig

2015

Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Development Well
They are drilled so as to eec<vely & eciently recover
maximum hydrocarbon from the reservoir in a
reasonable produc<on life<me, maximizing economic
return & resource recovery within necessary
environmental limits.
They include:
Produc<on wells
Injec<on wells

James A. Craig

2015

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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Well Classica=ons
A well is classied according to its nal depth.
Shallow well: < 2.000 meters
Conven<onal well: 2.000 3.500 meters
Deep well: 3.500 5.000 meters
Ultra deep well: > 5.000 meters

James A. Craig

2015

Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Well Proles
The design (shape) of a well determines its prole.

James A. Craig

2015

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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Ver<cal well

Deviated well
James A. Craig

2015

Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Extended reach well

Horizontal well
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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Short, Medium & Long

radius wells

Mul<lateral well

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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

RESERVOIR TRAPS
Rock structure where petroleum is trapped/
accumulated
The structure is called a Reservoir Trap.
Reservoirs must be:
Porous
Permeable
Trapped

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Types of Traps
An<clinal Traps
Result of duc<le
crustal deforma<ons.

HCWC
Hydrocarbon Water Contact
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Fault Traps
Result of brigle
crustal deforma<ons.

HCWC
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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Stra<graphic Traps
Impermeable strata
seal the reservoir.
Pinch-out

HCWC

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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Salt Dome Traps

Combina<on Traps
Fault bound an<clinal structures, i.e. combina<on of
an<clinal & fault traps. Many global reservoirs have
this type.
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INTRODUCTION TO EXCEL
Ribbons
Excels commands menu

Mul<ple Tabs

Home Tab
Common tasks for
edi<ng and formaing

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Insert Tab
To add elements such as
Tables, Illustra<ons,
Charts, Filters & Symbols

Page Layout Tab

Layout of a page for
prin<ng & to arrange
worksheet elements

Formulas Tab
To insert & check
func<ons & formulas

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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

Data Tab
Contains bugons to
import, sort, lter,
manipulate & analyze data

Review Tab
To proof, protect &
comment on worksheets

View Tab
To change how the
worksheet appears on the
screen
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Developer Tab
Not displayed by default,
but contains more
advanced features

Command Bugons
A group of bugons in each
tab

Quick Access Toolbar

Contains shortcuts for
common tasks. It can be
customized
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Name Box
It displays the address of
the current cell selec<on

Formula Bar
Where text, numbers,
formulas or func<ons are
entered into the selected
cells

Worksheet Area

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UNITS CONVERSION
Petroleum engineers must be able to work with various
unit systems.
Need for units conversion include:
Interna<onal scope of industry
Unit systems vary geographically.
Team members may be located in dierent geographical
loca<ons.
Joint ventures between companies.

Par<cular units may be required at a loca<on

Legislated units for repor<ng and regulatory compliance.
Company protocol.
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LENGTH
1 foot (o) = 0,3048 meter (m)
1 foot (o) = 12 inches (in.)
1 mile (mi) = 1.609,344 meters (m)

AREA

1 meter2 (m2) = 0,000247 acre

1 meter2 (m2) = 0,0001 hectare

MASS
1 kilogram (kg) = 2,205 pound-mass
(lbm)
1 pound-mass (lbm) = 16 ounces (oz.)
1 kilogram (kg) = 980.665 dynes (dyn)

ANGLE
180 degree (o) = radians (rad)

FORCE
1 Newton (N) = 0,2248 pound-force (lbf)
VISCOSITY
1 Pascal-second (Pa-s) = 1.000 cen<poise (cp)
1 dyne-second/cen<meter2 (dyn-s/cm2) = 100 cen<poise (cp)
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DENSITY

1 kilogram/meter3 (kg/m3) = 0,008345 pound/gallon (ppg)

1 kilogram/meter3 (kg/m3) = 0,062428 pound/cubic feet (lb/o3)

VOLUME
1 cubic meter3 (m3) = 264,17 gallons (gal)
1 cubic meter3 (m3) = 6,2898 barrels (bbl)
1 cubic meter3 (m3) = 35,3147 cubic feet (o3)
1 barrel (bbl) = 42 gallons (gal)
1 barrel (bbl) = 5,6146 cubic feet (o3)
1 cubic feet (o3) = 7,4805 gallons (gal)
1 acre-foot (acre-o) = 43.560 cubic feet (o3)

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POWER
1 Wag (W) = 0,001341 horsepower (hp)
TEMPERATURE
1,8 degree Celsius(oC) = degree Fahrenheit (oF)
32
degree Rankine(oR) = degree Fahrenheit (oF) + 460

PRESSURE
1 atmosphere (atm) = 14,696 pounds/square inch (psi)
1 bar = 14,504 pounds/square inch (psi)
1 Pascal (Pa) = 0,000145 pounds/square inch (psi)
1 atmosphere (atm) = 14,696 pounds/square inch (psi)
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SPE Conversion Factors

hgp://petrowiki.org/SI_metric_conversion_factors?
_ga=1.40845734.502091398.1433093863

SPE Metric Standard

hgp://www.spe.org/authors/docs/metric_standard.pdf

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P [ Pa ] = kg/m3 g 9,81m/s 2 h [ m ]
Calculate the hydrosta<c pressure (in MPa & psi) of a
uid column (5.000 o high). Fluid density is 8,33 ppg.

What is the pressure gradient (in Pa/m and psi/o) if the

uid density is changed to 10 ppg?

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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

n [lb-mole ] R 10,73 ft 3 -psi/lb-mole o R T o R

P [ psia ] =
V ft 3
Calculate the temperature (in oF & oK) of 5,24 lb-mole
ideal gas. Volume occupied and pressure exerted are
56,63 m3 and 3,2 bar respec<vely.

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Chair of Drilling and Completion Engineering

8m

4m
5m

3m

Calculate the trough volume (in o3 and in3).

If it takes 4.500 secs to ll the trough, what is
the ow rate (in bbls/hr and gpm)?
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