Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +

01 ' 5

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

Step Out From the Old to the New

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

Jawaharlal Nehru

IS 4997 (1968): Criteria for design of hydraulic jump type

stilling basins with horizontal and sloping apron [WRD 9:
Dams and Spillways]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B

BharthariNtiatakam

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

18._7-1.
( Reaffirmed 11.. )

Indian Standard

.
CRITERIA FOR DBSIGN OF HYDRAULIC
JUMP TYPE STILLING BASINS WITH

HORIZONTAL AND SLOPING APRON

Sixth Reprint JANUARY 1998
( (DCOI'poratia. AmeadmeDt No.1)

UDC 627'831: 624'04

o Cop,,''''' 1976
BUREAU
MANAK

0'

BHAVAN.

INDIAN

STANDARDS

, BAHADUR SHAH
NEW DELHI 110002

ZAPAR

MARO

Jlllfe 1969

11:49"-1968

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC
JUMP TYPE STILLING BASINS WITH
HORIZONTAL AND SLOPING APRON
OVE"I'f1.nw Mctions and Other Spillway Structures Sectional

Committee, BDC 54
C1ltIimIIIJI
DR K. C.

llqJr'Jfflli",
Cenrral WatE'r 8t Po~r ('..ommi. .ion. Sew Delhi

TROM'AS

Members
DIRP'C'l'OR ((;E:OCTRAL WATF.R

at

Central Water &: POWPf Commiuion,

~ew

Delhi

PUWER RESF..llRI'K 'h.\TIH'I' ,

DIRE( TUB D UIS I II) \ Alttrut,
DrRECTOI& ( H & S .
Central
SH1U N. K. DWIV.El:l.t
c.:pntral

Water &: PowE'r Commission. Xew ~Ihi

DpllIgn. Dir~rloraIP. Irrlgalion Department,
Uttar Pradt'Sh
Land RE'Clamation, Irruption 8: Power Research
Institute, PuDjab;. aM Publi.c works Departml1'nt,
Go,;ernmenl of Punjab
Cl1'nlral Board of Irrigalion &: Power, Sew Delh;
Indian Institute of Science, BaDplore
Public Works Department. Government of Mysor~

DR GAoJINDER SuroK

N. Glt'"Pl'A.
DR K. T. SCJfD'RARAJA JyE~GAR
SttDI I. M, l.hUllt="SURI M. V. A. SE'I."I'Y I AllmtAt,)
SaRI V. B. MA~ERnu.R
Public Works Depaetmeet, Government of Mah ruhr:oi
SKal H. B, Kn.KARNI ( .ofltnnl" ;
8H1Il Y. K, MEHTA
Concrell1' Alllociation of India, Bombay
SRRI J. P. MJTAL
Instuution of Enlineeon .: India :. Calcutta
SHIU J. XAOAaA.l
Xauonal Projecll CunstrUCllon CorpotalLOn Led,
Xew I>elh~
SKal D. M. SAVUR
Hindustan ConStructIOn Co Lui, Bombay
[mption Department, Roorkee. Government of
DB H"RI RAH SUARIIA.
Uttar Pradelh
SSRJ A. M. SINon
OPal 11eslgD:l 0rsamutton. N'li."W Delhi
Director General, [SI { &-o.Ji&io .vIIIIbn';
SIIRI R. N"OA.RAJAN.
Director ;. Ca' Ena J
SURI S.

Slerfl4ry
SaRI VINOD KUIl&B

AsslJtanl Dlrerlor I Civ Eng

J,

lSI

Panel for Criteria tor Design of Hydraulic Jump Type Stilling Basms
with Horizontal and Slopmg Apron, BDC 54: PI
Membtr
["ll(lI.uon Department, Roorkee.
L"tt.. r Pradesh

DB flAal RAM Su U:H"

BVREAU

OF

INDIAN

Govrmn1enl

STANDARDS

IlUNAK. BHAVA:"J, ':t D.\HADlJR SHAll I:\F.\R M.-\RG

Nl~W DEI.HI lllJlll12

of

D:.7 -1968

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR DESiGN OF HYDRAULIC
JUMP TYPE STILLING BASINS WITH
HORIZONTAL AND SLOPING APRON

o.

}4'

0 RE W0 RD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 15 December 196R t after the draft finalized by the Overflow Sections
and Other SpiUway Structures Sectional Committee had heen approved by
the Civil Engineering Division CounciL
0.2 The design of downstream protection works or en~y dissipators below
hydraulic structures occupies a vital pla.ce in the design and construction
of dams weirs and barrages. The problem of designing energy dissipators
is one essentially of reducing the high velocity flow to a velocity low
enough to minimize erosion of natural river bed. This reduction in
velocity may be accomplished by any or a combination of the following,
depending upon the head, discharge intensity, tail-water conditions and
the type of the bed rock or the bed material:
a) Hydraulic jump type stilling basins:
I) Horizontal apron type
2) Sloping apron type
b) Jet diffusion and free jet stilling basins:
1) Jet diffusion basins
2) Free jet stilling basins
3) Hump stilling basins
4-) Impact stiUing basins
c) Burket type dissipators.
I) Solid and slotted roller buckets
2,: Trajector)' buckets (ski.jump, flip, pte)
d) Intersecting jets and other special type of ~ti1liJ1g basins
D.! ThE' di-vign eritE-ria recommended in this standard is meant for stilling
basms of rectangular cross-section with h.)runntal and sloping apron,
, tw crrteria giveu in this STandard would JII.ld provided that the jer
,-nlc'r1ll!=!: the basin is reasonaulv uniform in regar d to both veloc ity and
de-pth. Though thv criteria 'an> applicable for all cases, yet fur falls greater
Ih.111 I.; m, dischars intensities greater than 30 ml;s!m and possible
avvrnmerrv nf HfI\\. Ih,' sper ifir dp"iJ!'n should ht' tested nn model.

18:499'7.19&1
0.4 In the' formulation of this standard due wl"i~htaKc has been given to
international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing
in different countries in addition to relating it to th.. practices followed in
the field in this country. This has been 1.1l~t by del vin~ assistance from
the following publications:

Annual research reports 1951 to 1961. published by Central Water

Power Research Station, Poona,
Annual research Tf'pnrlO; }J:i7 to 1'-167. published hy U.P. Irrigation
Research Institute. Roorkee,
l.~TTF.D STATES. DEPARTMF.ST OF h"TERrOR. Bt;REAl" OF RF.f:l.AMATJOS'.
Engineeriug Monograph :'\)0. 25 HydrRI11:r' df' ..i~n 01 IIItil1ll''r h.lSins

and burket

pn"'r~y

diwipators, Ed. 2, 1%3.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard lays down the criteria for the (lesi~n of hydraulic jump
type stilling hasins .,f rectangular C"fi)'1o; -ecnon Yo ith horizontal and '1lopm~
apron utilizing ... arious l'n"ry;v dissipatorv, for pxarnplt', chute blocks. basin
or floor blocks and end sill.

2. NOTATIONS
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the

fr)nowin~

'llllr.ltions shal! haw"

the meaning indicated against each:

/)1

-e--

depth of finw at the

cular to the floor

hel(mnin~ of

D a _ depth conjugate (sequent) to

V' ~

~:.

the lump. measured perpendi-

for horrzontal apron

depth l.'lmju~ate ~ sequent 1 [0 D1 tilf sloping olpron . or partly

sloping and partly horizontal :

D, -= depth of ba..in

Dr

==:

cruical water depth

1-'1

froude number nf the now

an eleranon due to gravitv

<11

hI) -- ht'l/{ht 'If basin blocks

n,

= ht"l~ht of chute

/I I = head !os..

II.

III

hl H~tu f end

blocks

h....draulic lump
~lll

the

ht"'(UlnIll8

of the jump

IS,"".I"
J(

= shape' factor

_ lenRtb of the inclined portion in ba'!in 1\'

~ = length nr the basin
I.] = length of hydraulic jump
'I = disrharge intensity
\" = spacing of hasin blocks
.It = sparing of chute blocks
SJ =- sparing of dents in dentated sill
r 1 = velocity of flow at the beginning of the jump
Ve = velocity (,[flow at Ih,. end ofjump
W" = width of basin hlrl{'k~
w( = width of chute hinds
WI/
width of dentv in dentated sill
fJ :-:: angle ol' the IOlnpilll! aplOn with the horizontal

3. TERMINOLOGY
3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply
: Ire FIg. I. 2A and 28 J

... -._----V2
,

CHUff

BLOCK.

r: BASIN

.J

BLOCK

h tl

~-.~

...

rEND

: SILL

Lb -- _._-

- - - - - - L, -

--._---,

Lb-------l

,
~

..

rElIC SilL

-.
FIG.

lJEFrNtTION SKETCHES OF BASI~ [1[ -\SO

IV

3.1 Hydra_lie Jump - Hydraulic jump in an open channel is an abrupt

transition from the water depth D\
D~ to [) l > I )~.

<

3.2 Leagtb of Hydraulic Jamp - The distance from the beginnmg of

the jump to a point downstream where eithe-r the lugh velocitv je-t begins
to leave the floor or tn a point on the surface immediately downstream
of the roller, whichever is the- Innl{~r. This rnav ht" determined from
Fig. 3.
3.3 Coajugate Depth..- \VatEOf depths at rhe
hydraulic jump related by the formula:

hel(mnm~

and rhe I['IlC~

l.r the

IS : 4997 -1968
8--~--"""-"""'----"""'---'''--------''''''''--

\ lAN 9 =0.25

---+-----

1 J------+---&---~....O:::"l___-_+.+____:

HORIZONTAL

lj

APRON
5t----'If#--t--+---+--;..:.;....;..:.=.:..;.,---

02

,t----:'+---I----+-----1~-4_---I--...l....-"""'=""".--J,--....L..o~__1

3 ~-+---+-

-----! ----- -t----4.----1

~D1
~~-.l
D1 {./i--- --=- I
I----lJ _ ..")..:

2~-_!_--+--_-___:!!---+_-~-~-=-__,,~:....---.J

14

FIG.

16

18

20

LENGTH OF JUMP IN TERMS OF CONJUGATE

DEPTH D, (BASIN III )

whf'r... approximate value of K may be determined from Fig. 4.

D', may also be determined from Fig. 5 and 6.

However,

3.4 StilliDI &a.ill-A structure in which all or part of the energy dissipating action is confined, In a stilling basin the kinetic energy first causes
turbulence and is ultimately lost as heat energy.

3.5 Hyclraillic Jllmp Type StOliDI BalliD - A basin in which dissipation

of energy is accomplished basi rally h} hydraulic jump which may be stabilized using chute blocks, basin blocks, end sill, etc.
3.6 LeDgth 01 StiUiDg Basia -- Dimension of the basin in the direction

ot flow.
3.7 Width of SdUiag Raaia - Dimension of the basin perpendicular to
thE' direction of main flow,

3.8 Chute Blocks - Triangular hhll ks installed at the upstream end of

the st illmg ba..in.
3.9 Ba.ia Block.,Bame Bloc.sj'BafBe Piers . Blocks installed on the
basin floor between chute blocks and end ~i11.
3.10 End Sill -- ~ulid or dentated wall
III the "tillil,g 11..1'111.
I,

(llmtructt~d

at the downstream ei.d

IS: err .1968

,
'~

-,

<.

--t-I -

K 2

----"

I
I

f-- r- -

I
i

r---

I
0.16

0.08

024

TAN 9
D'

~
X'OTE fIG.

1 [( 8 Fl Cos (I ~. I)t -

:2 COl e

1 - l. K tan

t1

Above curve is based "0 AUumptlon that K is Independent of Fl'

CUR.VE FOR DET:ERMl~AnU:"l Of SHAPE FA(:'Wa.

032

II :" 4JI7 -1168

025
TAN 8=030:

015
020

OtO

005

26 ~---+ ---+-+

18l----I---1J-+--+----It--+---+-

D'2

1 14.......---I++--+-.f-1~--...,...-----t---r---,

Lj
8

f. -

12

--J
16

20

-:.L

'/90,

:FIG.

RATIO

or CONJl"CATE DEPTH D' ..

TU /). (BASIN

111)

IS: 4997 1968

2-5 r-----,r----~--_-___ r _ _ _ r _ -....

2-3t------<!-----lf---1-+-I--

2-'

I----~

---f---#-

,
2
02

17~----a-

1-5 t----I---I--Jr--I1~-+_

og~----A~_--L

t)

~_--':""._..J

T'\lL \\Al"E.R Rt.~~\.liUYUU' F~'R

SUWI'H .\~ltu:'\,s It.l,.:IlI~ I\' I

Fit. 6

10

IS: 4997 -1968

..

3.11 Froade Namber- A dimei.vionless number characterizing the

inertial and gravitational f',rccs in an open channel flow and is rlE'finl'u
as follows~

F= , fJ
where

F=

Froude number,

'T :-: '

velocity of flow, and

D== depth offl.)w.

3.12 Shape Factor (K)- A dimensionless parameter which varies with
the Fronde number and the slope of the apron. This has been plotted
against slope in Fip;. 4 nil th.' assumption that it is independent of Froude
number.

4. HYDRAULIC JUMP TYPE STILLING BASIN WITH

HORIZONTAL APRON
4..1 Geaeral- When the tail-water rating curve approximately follows
the hyraulic jump curve or is only slightly above or below it, then hydraulic
jump type stilling basin with horizontal apron provides the best solution
for energy dissipation. In this case the requisite depth may be obtained
on a proper apron near or at the ground level so that it is quite economical,
For spillways on weak bed rock conditions and weirs and barrages on sand
or loos: gravel, hydraulic jump l~ pt.' stilling basins are recommended.
".2 CIamcadoD -- Hydraulic jump type stilling basin with horizoutal
apron may be classified into the following two categories:
a) Stilling basins in which thr Frnude number of the incoming flow is
less than 4'0. This cast' is generally encountered on weirs and
barrages. This basin will be hereafter called as Basin I.
StJTt: -Dala on horizuntal stilling basin for some of rhe existing and propo,!,,1
wpirs and ball'agt"~ IS gl\f'n in Tablr J.

b)

Sti11j)l~ basins in which the Fronde number of the incoming flo,",

is greater than 4'5. This I ase is a gt"nE'ral feature for dams. This
basin will be hereafter called as Basin 11.
~O1}: - ]).c.la on horizlIlllnt ~lIlhrlg
ddTh 1>PIJl",l)~ IS glH'11 If! T.ibh

t.

I"

I.asim

fUI

some (If rh.. PlU\tmtr and prnposed

~I

21'1

I'l_
It,_
Jid. raKe'

14+k,

I~,

I'i

.L1I1UUa

J'!uk IMori ,Llll'

~ ..rd,L ('mlo'l ShllClli

l'toLll\.a H.&II"~I~
'lI'.llllUllil 1'lIdl'r Slullt:'ll

II.

111'1'11,
l"lI!l()
14 +Hi

:..al "I a fl.l.lIdl(.

)'1111... ( Illlt, Shill ('~

1(1

11

H 1110
HIIIII
IIMU
II14K

~aIUl.1 ('lid.!" ~Iult ,'..

~1lJ.1'1 \""lI

l.4 070
L4l170
:il ]".0

821
:!4U70

&,ra~.
(~.mdak. l:n.h-, "'11l1l'.~
(~Rnd~l.. lot ....., Slult"\o;
i.llltl k Hal'ral"

I )In-la

Ullllllqllda \". ('Ir

:H +

m1

1!JU

~(j' ')

HJlJ

27'9
IU2
13'11

45'9

~"H
48'5

aU-4-

tj'9

3Hi

38'5

4.'"tOO

17:no

't

I-

-,.

:-\.

t' nch'r "hlll"'5

(+1

(3)

WJl)~'tr

MKTIU:

eC'HU' C\lB1(~
MI;'J:KII: MK'l'RE
PII:I&
PillS
SM (,NI) Su UNlJ
Pl!:K

:.!'3'i

2'81)

:'1'401...11

12:l
II !H:i

0'47

0-U7
" i r,

~h

+ 10

7')

:! HU

:~

'.!.n

11 B!I 2'7(1

31148

35'U5

,\71
i t,(1

n-:itJ

(ltllI

't-79

:.N38 - I

I --

!H+

4-110
:i-711

-m

1,,tlt
t:i.'i'l
7'32

12'j4
12'80

2.u

1'17

3114H

:N,h
:! 3:1

2117
12-811

-l I::!
.79

1'l1~

l"J+
22
I--,lS
~

41t1

3'64
:HH

'i~

:I-"1H

11HZ

h~

:)'27 7'h2
r t '27
Ni2
418 tJ'77
:,:,71~ II l:i

1)'98

"ltl
I 79
~

)'41

8:i
7-:i2
7'19

III

, 10)

l)b

~3

J)

Lh/DI

2.'),39 3-bH

266

Z :n

2'21

~-50

1J1

(8)

"b

8'38
2'59

8-84

~7)

"'1

2.iO 1500
2:.!5 JlHH;i
1-13 277
1-:i3 2fJ.)
1'40 2827
i'17 14"Ml'll:l 1.7U

3 13
2'5:i

6'91

III

1'55

(h)

III

D.

(5)

D,

U"I!:I

I u2

lI'b5

II'Y:i

(I'M

119
lItl3

1'12
1'12

I'W

I'IIU

IJ'!*
1'1)2

(1'85
IJ UH

0-79

(II)

Db/D.
r

1):-\4
1I"H4
l'Ii'J
I'll

--

(l'!H

-11-48

()'!J7

(12)

Iac/D J

---

--

--

127

1-25

0")7

U"H

.--_...

i-as

{I 3)

"blDl

a'l!)
11'(8

0'10

0-19

(HO

0'24
1)'27
023

0'24-

0'15

0'18

0'26

\1+)

lI.tO.

BAlUN AJ'PUSTBNAl!IC"

DATA ON HORIZONTAL S'l1l.LlN'G BASINS BELOW EXISTING AND

PROPOSElJ WEIRS AND IlAIUU,GES
LClau~, 4.2(a) I

17.nu

nhllll~ .. da

\hll.U1 RaITagc'

1.

(2)

l'oITltllC"".'ll1u:

NAM" OF T)!I>'

II)

x,

TABLE I

...

Ii
...,

.....

FA

r..:

(:!i

:'\ II.

,II

8:\11\1;1 1)11111 S'IIJ1 .....~\

SJ'I,lIway

'i,

C;,lIulhi !'.ll~:lr I>.nll ~I'I"":I~

t hr

:m

I CJ.

In.

lin'

'" III
II I"

5
I.;

"":1(

J''''I:

2"7

.",

"

~l!~)

765
fi 710

It

II

:;097
13590

Ih

23 :0\(,0

7~)

1 I:~:i
25211

I~I

l'h7

3';';-'

\-4H
1':ICl
b-hl

I'
!HIO

) ~'{ll
J(j'fi4

u-s

0'

't

lilO
I'l-5b

),22

1':i4

55-2

I-:i1

,II)

1'21,
1't11 1'110
14'17 1/!17
152'. II'RI

~H,-,

11':H

111

1101

:m4l1 "!H

u-sa

lfi,40 2i8
(HiI'
:17-511 2'it)
:H':l9 2'5:J
31 ~H 2':31

) -30

1111

\I~)

--

1'2:\
O'AI

)'14-

)'00

0'24-

020

(ltI'

2'2(i
1)01.1

1121

om

fl'24
O-Ui
O'2h

,14'

".I/):

1-14- 0'21

1'37
1-25 0-31

--

U80
I-:l(J l'fl8
lfJO 1'71

--- -

HRO
I h:i

--.
---- (-79

--

12)

hef/), "bl l >,

It.

df'sign propusal. finalized on

20-42 0'98

48'4(, 2'90 20'12 )-21

51,21 :.H17 IN}7 1'02
372 22'l\(i :i'!12
.:Hi4 (J'9?

:z I'M

5-40 0'91
15:m Il'!?()
4' HI (J':i:J
Idl 1141\
'l'hh I)-il
H'W H-M:!
j'ln 11-\1
12'71 l'Ub

8.,sls .\r)'1

TJo:~ASTJo"4
(' _ _ _
_.A.___

/)b Dl- /)!

:!83
IlHlfi (1-70 6'1\1 n 4:\
41'l:i "04 tn-h7 1'115

'1",:4

j-!I1 H.US :J';':;

5'91 311'1I 'J. ',11
4'74 47'10 2-"2

-.

7'1l
5'12
7-12
3'74
!'J'9:J

20-88 11-42 8",112 4'00

5-84

:IJ,

\Q~

J.b

i-R2 4"' i7 :1-:14-

"'m 4-:m
1423

I<H8

III

IR.

Ib

3 til 2; H :J'h7
:!4-:iK :\-24
5'12 27'ltI :Hlh

;'h'{

'.7.

"-1

.... .. .,.

O'bl
I ~)2
2 hi

""

..
157
"

(14-7

:HR

t'
t,

lJ 2

,:",'
f,.
In
III
i-P
I "2
IIn
i :,'4
HI4
1'11'.
I<iM 14-:i7

])1

..II'R .,..

2!1',"i
IIHJ
78'5
411'4

40'1

1;,,0
17'1
:ifN,
54104

2:J-2

212'l
5bh:1
1 3U:1
_.
2) 2411

...

\:\\

\ \ 1111-11

I'Hlt
~tl'I"":

S ..:nlSI' S,,, liS II

CI .11"
1':1'In: M ~ 'rln:

CnlT1'

ha"1Il1l hydraulic jump type Itilling basins. "fhr data is based

1'.1" I )mn Srilly,ay

1(.IIIIC.lJIl!.l Dam Spill "'<I)'

(lu
.11I

1'1 ....... e1.11"'" .Ul'

TlIuLl,'I.

17.

tJ

Illr:,s..und ~llh~l(h.I'\ Ham Spillway

i. .IaJllfll Dam Spill" iI\
B. .....,lm.1 ])mu ~l'ilh\ av
II
""1.1 D;m.
1II M.II:,.,la 1>,1111 Srlll\\IlY 1';1\ I
II
2
til'
I:!
do
J
I~
dll
1Millll!I:1l11 I ),1111 SpIll",:!!,
H
Fl 1\1""',1 h.h:II\' I I kiln ....pIJl\\ ilV
h. (lh, . 1)1II1l ~lhll\\'a) 1\:1) I 10' ;{

:'.

4. 1\.. 11:15 Dam Srilh\:t)'

1111111

:to Bhad.u Oall' :-'plllw:\y

1.

!'oil

SA 'u" (IF Tit VS"-Rl'"I'1 IH.

TABLE 2 DAT" ON HORIZONTAL STJLUNG BASINS BELOW EXISTING AND

PROPOSF.D DAM SPILLWAYS
( r.h,;,.,. 4-.:! h. I

..

...a

GJ

IS: 4997 t968

4.3_ DMip CrIteria

4.3.1 Factors involved in the desigr. of 5timn~ basins include the determination of the elevation of the basin fIoor, the basin len~th and basin
appurtenances, ifany.

4.3.2 Ddtrmin.i,.g Eler:ation of tit, Basin Floor - Knowing H and q; DCI DI

and D. can be determined either from the following formulz or from
Fig. 1:

H, = (Da- VI)' / 4 DI D.
D.

:= _

!JJ
2

A. /

'V

~ql

u,g

+ .!
4

Having obtained D] and D'1' the elevation of the basin floor may be
calculated by either dedurting the specific energy at section 1-1 from the
total energy line at that section or that at section 2-2 from the downstream
total energy line.
4.3.3 To calculate H L from the known upstream and downstream total
energy lines, the following procedure may be adopted:
a) Where the basin is directly downstream from the crest or where,
the chute is not longer than the hydraulic head, H L may be assumed equal to the difference in the upstream and downstream total
energy lines.
b) Where the chute length exceeds the hydraulic head, DI should be
first determined by taking H L equal to the difference between the
upstream and downstream total energy lines. Next calculate
friction losses in the chute by ~fanning's formula and determine
the more accurate value of 1fr. and consequently that of DI . The
process may be repeated till-the desired accuracy is achie v ed.

4.3.4 Basin 1- Requirements for basin length, depth and appurtenances

for Basin I are given in 4.'.4.1 and 4.32.
4.3.4.1 Basin ~engtlr anddepth - Length of the basin may be determined
from the curve given in Fig. 8 A. The basin will be provided with an
end sm preferably dentated one. In the boulder reach the sloping face of
the end sill will be kept on the upstream side. Generally. the basin floor
should not be raised above the level required fmm sequent depth consideration. If the raising of the floor becomes obligatory due to site conditions I
the same should not exceed 15 percent of D. and the basin in that case
should be further supplemented by chute hlocks and basin blocks.
The basin blocks should not be used if the velocity of flow at the location
of basin blocks exceeds 15mls and in that case the ftoor of the basin should
be kept at a depth equal [0 DI below the tail-water level. TIle tail-water
depth should not generally exceed 1Upercent of D.
13

11=.7..1168

40

0-5

36
,/

32

28

01 20

,.

./

v:

t>

f'e1/

\
1/

1\

"

12

D2

1\

24

"

E.L
J

........

Dc:

-c r-,

r-,

......

, ......

12

16

20

21.

28

.......
0.1
32

HL

Dc
FIG.

CURVE FOR DETERMINATION OF SQ.UST DEPTH

( HORIZO~'"AL APRON)

IS : 4997 -1968

4.3.4.2 Basi" a/J/Jur',na"as - Requirements for bil\in appurtenances,

such as chute blocks, basin blocks, end sill are given below (_'ilt Fig. 88):
a) Chul, blks- The chute blocks should be kept at a height equal to
2Dt on the glasis slope. Their top length should also be eq\181
to 2D1 The width of the chute blocks should be kept equal to
D1 and their spacing as 2'5 D1 A ~pact" equal tn D.i2 should be
left along each wall.
s

vr

II

Vi

/:

-.
I

1
1

:-

..

FROUOE NUMBER (F1 )

8A RECOMMENDEO LENGTH FOR BASIN I

j---lJ-802 ----I

'-5 ..)Pe

_ - - _ . - - _ - - - . D

... -s~cpe. 21

- . - -.

- - - --

-.-j

8B A.PPURTENANCES FOR BASIN I

Ftc. 8

DlIIU.~ltIU:S SKETc-H

L5

n 1& 8.",sls I

D: 997. 1968
b) BtJSi" biock.r- The height of basin blocks in terms of D1 may be
obtained from Fig. 9B. The width and spacing of the basin
blocks should be equal to their height, The upstream face of all
the basin hlocks shan be vertical and in one plane. A half space
is recommended adjacent to the walls. The upstream face of the
basin blocks should be set at a distance of 0'8 D 1 from the down..
stream face of the chute blocks.
c) End sill - The height of the dentated end sill is recommended as
0'2 Dlo The maximum width and spacing of dents shall be
according to Fig. 8B. A dent is recommended adjacent to each
side wall. In the case of narrow basin, it is advisable to reduce
the width and spacing but in the same proportion. It is not
necessary to stagger the end sill dents with reference to chute
blocks.

4.3.5 Ba.rin 11- Requirements for basin length depth and appurtenances
for Basin II are given in 4.3.5.1 and 4.3.5.2.
4.3.5.1 Basin length and fhpth - Length of the basin will be determined
from the curve given in Fig. 9A. The basin should be provided with
chute blocks and end sill. The maximum raising of the basin floor shall
not exceed 15 percent of D. and the basin in that case will be further
supplemented by basin blocks. However, when the flow velocity at the
location of basin blocks exceeds 15 m/s, no basin blocks are recommended
and in that case the floor of the basin should be kept at a depth equal to
D. below the tail-water level. The tail-water depth should not generally
exceed 10 percent of D.,.
".3.5.2 Basin appurtenances - Requirements for basin appurtenances,
such as chute blocks, basin blocks and end sill are given below (SH
Fig. 9B):
a) Chutt blocks - The height, width and spacing of the chute blocks
should be kept equal to DJ The width and spacing may be
varied to eliminate fractional blocks. A space equal to D J/2 is
preferable alcng each wall.
b) Basin blocks - The height of basin blocks in terms of 1)] can be
obtained from Fig. 9B. The width and spacing should be kept
three-fourth of the height. These- should be placed at distance of
U-S D" downstream from the chute blocks.
c~

End JiIJ--Samf' as clause 4:.3.4.2~c.

IS J 4997 -1968

-+.. ---.
I

I
I

'0

Ii
F'~OIJDE

!
IZ

N.UMBER tF,l

9. RECOMMENDED LENGTH FOR BASIN 11

I AS IM BlOCK
\ I

TO'02"..
.

'315"..

1~"5 02 --II- 0'02 l)Z

_

'''--'---~-t\

3'---'"
+- ---II~-~

I
-- -

+-:.~-4--+---

..... --_.
I

i
6

1"---+--+

'0
F, __~!.

12

I
14

'8

JiO,

98 APPURTENANCES FOR BASIN 11

FIG.

D1MENSI01\i SKETCJf HlR BASIN

Ii

II

II

11:.'.I96B
5. HYDRAULIC JUMP TYPE STILtING BASINS WITH SLOPING
APRON
5.1 Geaeral- Wht.'ll the tail-water i .. too deep as compared to the sequent
depth Dr, the jt't Jeft at the natural ground lev(J would continue to 'In a<; a
strong current near thf' bed forrnir-g a drowned jump \\hich is harmful to
the river bed, In sue h a case, a h~ draulic jump t)'pe stiUinK basin with
slnpJIIR apron should be ptlI(.J'rE'rJ as it would allow an efficient jump to be
formed at vuitable It'\cl on the sloping apmn.
5.2 Classification - ThE.' hydraulic Jump on a sloping apron may occur in
four different Iorrns depending 011 the- tail-water conditions {:I"ig. 10).
The ac non m cases C and D IS same if it ic; assumed that horizontal fluor
hegins at the end of the jump in case D. Case B is virtually case A operatin~ with excessive tail-water depth. Case A has been dealt with
previously in 4. [21 the subsequent pali\'i criteria will he gi... t'll fur the
desiun of stilling' basms f;)r cases [) and R hereafter know n as Basin III and
Basin IV respectively,
5.2.1 Basin II I is recommended for the case where tail-water curve is
higher than the D, curve at all discharges.
5.3.2 Basin IV is suitable for the case where the tail-water depth at
maximum discharge exceeds lJ.. considerably but is equal to 01 slightly
greater than D. at lower discharges.

5.3 De Criteria
5.3.1 It is not possible to stand irdize design criteria for sloping aprons
to the same extent as in the case of horizontal apron. In this cast', greater
individual judgme-nt is required. The slope and overall shape of the
apron are determined from economic consideration, the length be-ing judged by the type and soundness of the- river b ..d downstream. The following design cnteria should serve only a50 a guide in proportioning the slopin,l{
apron designs.

5.3.2 Basin Ill-In the design of Basin III, the foUowing procedure may
be adopted:

a! Assume a certain level at which the front of jump will form for
the maximum tail-.....ates depth and discharge.
b) Determine D 1 from the known upstream total energy hne by
appJyill~ Bernoulli", theorem and calculate Fl. Then find nut
conjugate depth })J from equation given in 3.3.
c~

Assume a certain slope and determine rho conjugate depth /)'. and
length of (he jump ti)f IhE' above Froude number limn ri;". 5 and
Fill. 3 respectivelv, ThE' length (If the aIJ101L should lie kt pt equal
til 60 pe-rcent of the lump It n~th
IH

18:.7.1_

CD

I,

s:
-=-'1

____.-..!"-'Sr-,,-.~---:~~

10A

..,.,

'1,',
' . "," " .,.1
, ."
,-......

"

02

.. ....."
~

----Lj---~

108

'"'; I'.'
. .'." ,,,.
.

lzLj--.~

fO Co

'00
:;'IO,!O

DIFFERJiNT FORMS OF HYDRAUUC~ jl.fMP ll!ll SLOPISO APRON

d) J'e'St whether the available tail-water depth at the end of the apron
matches the conjugate depth D'., If not, change the slope or the
level of the upstream end of the apron or both. Several trials may
be required before the slope and the location I,)f the apron are compatible with the hydraulic requirement,
e) The apron designed for maximum discharge may then be tested at
lower discharges) say;. 1 and 1, If rhe tail-water depth is sufficient
l~

11:4197.1_
or in excess of the conjugate depth fOT the intermediate discharges,
the design is acceptable. If not, a flatter s~.)pt' at lower apron
level mould be tried. or Basin IV may be adopted.
f) The basin should be supplemented by a solid or dentated end sill
of height equal to 0'05 to 0'2 D, with an upstream slope of 2 : I
to 3: l.

5.3.3 Basi" li' - In the' design of Basin IV ~ thl"' following procedure may
bp adopted:
a) Determine the discharge at which the tail-water depth is most
deficient.

b) For the above discharge, determine the level and length of the
apron on the basis of criteria given in -t.
(') Assume a certain level at which the front of jump will form for the
maximum tail-water depth and discharge.
.

d) Determine D a fronJ the known upstream total energy line by

applying Bernoulli's theorem and calculate Fl. Then find out
t"OJljugate depth D2, from equation given in 3.3.
e) Determine a suitablt" slope (by trial and error) so that the- available
tail-water depth matches the required conjugate depth n'l determined from Fig. 6.
r) Detennine the length of the jump for the above slope from Fig. 3.
If the-sum of the lengths of inclined portion and horizontal portion
is equal to about 60 percent of the jump length, the design is
acceptable. Ifnot, fresh trials may be done by changing the level
of the upstream end of the jump formation.
g) The basin should be suppJemented by a solid or dentated end liU
of height 0'05 to 0-2 D, and upstream slope of 2 : 1 to 3: 1.

:..!(J

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