Chapter No: 1

BASIC CONCEPTS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Dumpsters mass spectrometer was designed for the identification of isotopes of the element which were available in
a)
Gaseous state
b)
liquid state
c)
solid state
d)
plasma state
Isotopes differ in
a)
Properties which depend upon massb)
arrangement of electrons in orbitals
c)
Chemical properties
d)
the extent to which they may be affected in electromagnetic field
The largest number of molecules are present in
a)
3.6 g of H2O
b)
4.8 g of C2H5OH c)
2.8 g of CO
d)
5.4 g of N2O5
One of the substances is used to absorb CO2 gas in combustion analysis. Which is the substance?
a)
50 % KOH
b)
Al2O3
c)
Mh(ClO4)2
d)
SiO2
Number of molecules in one dm3 of H2O is close to
a)
d)

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

15.
16.
17.
18.
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20.

21.
22.

23.

24.

1023 b)

18

6.022 1023

c)

55.5

6.022 1023

18
23
10
24

The mass of one mole of electrons is

a)
1.0088
b)
0.55 mg
c)
0.184 mg
d)
1.673 mg
An ordinary microscope can measure size of object up to
a)
100 nm
b)
200 nm
c)
400 nm
d)
500 nm
In combustion analysis water vapours are absorbed in
a)
50 % KOH
b)
Mg (ClO4)2
c)
NaOH
d)
MgCl2
How many times a hemoglobin molecules is heavier than hydrogen atom?
a)
38000 times
b)
58000 times
c)
68000 times
d)
88000 times
That chemical analysis in which all the elements present in a compound identified is called
a)
Quantitative analysis
b)
Qualitative analysis
c)
Gravimetric analysis
d)
none
Volume occupied by 1.4 g of N2 at S. T. P is
a)
2.24 dm3b)
22.4 dm3
c)
1.12 dm3 d)
112 cm3
A limiting reactant is one which:
a)
is taken in lesser quantity in grams as compared to other reactants
b)
is taken in lesser quantity in volume as compared to other reactants
c)
Gives maximum amount of product
d)
Gives minimum amount of product
The number of molecules in one gram molecule of CO2 is
a)

14.

6.022

6.02

1023 b)

6.02

1022

c)

Empirical formula of glucose is

a)
CHO
b)
C2H4O2
c)
The mass of CO2 containing 8 grams of oxygen (O2) in gram is
a)
32
b)
22
c)
Electrometer is also called
a)
Voltmeter
b)
Avometer
c)
Height of peak in mass spectrum shows
a)
number at isotopes
b)
c)
relative abundance
d)
Formula mass of CaCO3 is
a)
100
b)
90
c)
Silver has isotopes
a)
9
b)
16
c)
Mass of electron is

6.27

1027 d)
d)

C6H12O6

16

d)

11

ion collector

d)

galvanometer

mass number
number of protons
120

d)

106

17

d)

18

9.1095

10-31 kg

b)

9.1095

10+31 kg

c)

9.1095

10-27 kg

d)

9.1095

10-31 kg

c)

11

b)

d)

a)

1.661

1027 kg

b)

1.661

10-24 kg

c)

1.661

10-27 kg

d)

1.661

10-27g

b)

18.1

1023 molecules of SO2

d)

6.02

1023 atoms of oxygen

One mole of SO2 contains

a)

4.0 gram atoms of SO2

c)

6.02

1023 atoms of Sulphur

1024

CH2O

a)

Tin has isotopes

a)
7
One a. m. u is equal to

6.02

Out of 280 isotopes which occur in nature, the radioactive isotopes are
a)
116
b)
126
c)
30

d)

40

25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

Isotopes are sister atoms of same element with similar chemical properties but different
a)
atomic number b)
atomic volume c)
atomic weight
d)
atomic structure
The number of moles of CO2 which contains 8.0 g of oxygen
a)
0.25
b)
0.50
c)
1.00
d)
1.50
The volume occupied by 28 g of N2 at STP is
a)
22.414 dm3
b)
2.2414 dm3
c)
224.14 dm3
d)
1.12 dm3
27 g of Al will react completely with how much mass of O2 to produce Al2O3
a)
8g of oxygen
b)
16g of oxygen c)
32g of oxygen d)
24g of oxygen
The volume occupied by 4.4g of CO2 at S. T. P. is
a)
2.24 dm3b)
22.4
dm3
c)
112 cm3 d)
1.12 dm3
The pressure of vapors maintained in ionization chamber of mass spectrometer during isotopic analysis is
a)
10 3 torr
b)
around 10-5 torr c)
around 107 torr d)
10-9 torr

Short Answers Questions

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Law of conservation of mass has to be obeyed during stoichiometric calculations. Comment on it.
Calculate the number of molecules present in 4.40 g of carbon dioxide.
N2 and CO have the same number of electrons and neutrons. Explain.
What is the reason that elements have fractional atomic masses?
Define molar volume. Give two examples.
Describe briefly the energy changes taking place during formation of positive and negative ions.
Molecular formula is multiple of empirical formula. Explain with an example.
What is relative abundance of Isotopes? How is it determined?
One mole of different gases has different masses but occupies same volume. Explain why?
Justify the statement 23 g of sodium and 238 g of uranium have equal number of atoms in them.
What is Stoichiometry and define yield of a chemical reaction?
How limiting reactant controls the amount of products formed?
Write down main postulates of Daltons atomic theory.
What is the function of electrometer in separation of isotopes in mass spectrometer?
What is number of H+ ions in 9.8 g of H3PO4?
Concept of limiting reactant is not applicable to the reversible reactions. Explain it.
What is the atomic mass unit? Give its value in grams.
Define Stoichiometry and write down its basic assumptions.

19.

Calculate the mass in kilograms of 2.6

20.
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40.

What is isotropy? Who discovered it?

By suing a balanced chemical. What type of relationship can be studies?
Why actual yield is usually less than the theoretical yield?
How can the efficiency of a chemical reaction be expressed?
Define gram molecule and gram formula.
Which laws are to be considered during stoichiometric calculations?
Write four steps for determining empirical formula.
Calculate the number of water molecules in 10 g of ice.
Justify that Mg atom is twice heaver than carbon atom.
Calculate the mass in grams of 10 3 moles of water.
Prove that one mole of each N2, CO2 and H2 containing equal number of molecules.
What is mass spectrometer? How is it. Used to determine, the relative atomic masses of isotopes.
One mole of CO2 and NO2 have same number of molecules. Why?
Define actual yield, write formula for the calculation of percentage yield.
One mg of K2CrO4 has thrice the number of ions than the number of formula units when ionized in water.
Why oxygen cannot be determined directly in combustion analysis?
Explain mathematical relationship for m/e of an ion in mass spectrometry.
Why the isotopes have same chemical properties?
Many chemical reactions taking place around us involve the limiting reactions. Explain.
58.5 a. m. u. is the formula mass of NaCl but not the molecular mass.
I mole of H2SO4 should completely react with two moles of NaOH. How does Avogadros number help to
explain it?
Define Avogadros number. How does it relate to the masses of chemical substances?
Distinguish between theoretical and experimental yield?
Define limiting reactants. How they can be identified?
What is molecular ion? Give its example.
4.9 g of H2SO4 when completely ionized in water have equal number of positive and negative charges but
the numbers of positively charged ions are twice the number of negative charged ions.
Define isotopes.
Differentiate between empirical and molecular formula.
No individual neon atom in the sample of the element has a mass of 20.18 a. m. u. Discuss.
180 g of glucose and 342 g of sucrose have the same number of molecules but different number of atoms
present in them. Explain.
What is the function of 50 % KOH and Mg (ClO4)2 in combustion analysis?
Calculate moles of chlorine atoms are 0.822 gram of C2H4Cl2.
Define Avogadros number. Give its numerical value.

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52.

1023 molecules of SO .
2

53.
54.
55.
56.
57.

Define molecular ion. How is it generated?

Calculate the mass in grams of 2.74 moles of KMnO4.
Explain formation of ions with respect to energy change.
Calculate the number of CO2 molecules in 20.0 grams of it.
Define (a) molar volume (b) molecular formula.

Extensive Questions
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7.
8.
9.

What is combustion analysis? How the % ages of various elements present in organic compounds are
determined?
The combustion analysis of an organic compound shows it to contain 65.44% carbon.
5.50% hydrogen and 29.06% Oxygen. What is the empirical formula of the compound? If the molecular
mass of this compound is 110.15 g/mol 1. Calculate the molecular formula of the compound.
An organic compound having molecular mass 116 g mol 1. On combustion analysis gives 40.92% carbon
and 4.58 % hydrogen. Find out the molecular formula of such compound.
NH3 gas can be prepared by heating two solids NH2Cl and Ca(OH)2. If a mixture containing 100g of each
solid is heated. Calculate the number of grams of NH 3 gas produced.
Write down the steps required to find the empirical formula of a compound.
Define yield. How do we calculate the percentage yield of a chemical reaction?
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) contains 40.92% carbon, 4.58% hydrogen and 54.5% of oxygen by mass. What
is the empirical formula of ascorbic acid?
Mg metal react with HC l
HC l

solution 1.14g/cm3.

Mg(s) + 2HC l
10.
11.
12.

solution (27% by weight) required to produce 12. 1g of H2. The density of

(aq)

Mg C2 l

(aq)

What is mass spectrometer? How is it used to determine, the relative atomic masses of isotopes.
What are isotopes? How do you deduce the fractional atomic masses of elements from the relative
isotopes abundance? Give one example is support of your answer.
Calculate the number of grams of K2SO4 and water produced when 14g of KOH are reacted with excess
of H2SO4. Also calculate the number of molecules of water produced:
2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq)K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O( l

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

+H2(g)

(At. Mass K = 39, S = 32, O = 16)

What is limiting reactant? How it controls the amount of products formed? Give example.
What is difference between actual yield and theoretical yield? Why actual yield is less then theoretical
yield?
Define and explain the concept of mole and Avogadros number with examples.
How can you determine relative atomic masses of isotopes by mass spectrometry?
Define Stoichiometry. Give its assumptions. Mention any two important laws which help to perform
stoichiometric calculations.