Report for the laboratory part of Petrophysics

For the first two examples we had a task to measure and by that to calculate porosity
of saturated and dry rock samples plus calculating permeability of dry rock samples.
For the saturated samples we had to calculate porosity using the Archimedes
Principle and ration between volumes of pores versus volume of rock sample. While
for dry samples we had to calculate the porosity and permeability.

These are the measurements for saturated rock samples:

1) E 23/1/1: Limestone
Dry mass

27,873 g

Saturated mass:

27,913 g

Mass in water:

17,518 g

Length:

2,159 cm

Diameter:

2,412 cm

2) E10: Sandstone
Dry mass:

21,054 g

Saturated mass:

23,112 g

Mass in water:

12,957 g

Length:

2,140 cm

Diameter:

2,473 cm

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Juraj Kesner

3) I/B1-4: Sandstone

Dry mass:

26,720g

Saturated mass:

27,024 g

Mass in water:

16,660 g

Length:

2,160 cm

Diameter:

2,449 cm

Prior to calculating the porosity we measured the density and the volume of the
samples.

V=

m
V

r
l
4

Sample

Volume [cm3]

Density [g/cm3]

E 23/1/1

9,884

2,82

E 10

10,270

2,05

I/B1-4

10,174

2,63

To calculate the porosity of the samples we had to use an equation that is directly
dependent on the Archimedes principle.

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Juraj Kesner

m s ,a md
ms ,ams ,w

ms,a.................. saturated mass

md.................... dry mass
ms,w.................. mass in water

Results are:
Sample

-Archimedes [%]

E 23/1/1

0,37

E 10

20,25

I/B1-4

2,93

The second porosity measurement is based on a relation between the volumes of the
pore water and the whole volume of the sample.

Vp
V

Vp...................... volume of pore water

V.volume of the sample

Therefore we have to calculate the volume of pore water by using the following
equation:

Vp =

mpw
pw

mpw.................. mass of pore water

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Juraj Kesner

pw................... density of pore water

Where the mass of the pore water is equal to:

m pw = m s,a - ma
And the final formula that we use to calculate the pore volume:

Vp =

(m s , am )
pw
d

In this case the water that saturates the pores of the samples is fresh water so the table
density is 1 g/cm3
Sample

V-pore
[g/cm]

V-total
[g/cm]

-volume [%]

E 23/1/1

0,04

9,884

0,39

E 10

2,058

10,270

20,04

I/B1-4

0,304

10,174

5,6

We can see that the -Archimedes and the -volume are very similar and that means
that our calculations are good.

These are the measurements from dry sample rocks. We used the same formula to
calculate the volume and bulk density.

Sample
I/B1-5
E 11
E 27/1/2

Length

Diameter

m dry

Volume

Bulk density

[cm]

[cm]

[g]

[cm]

[g/cm]

2,133
2,090
2,139

2,471
2,410
2,472

26,421
21,164
27,973

10,228
9,533
10,265

2,58
2,22
2,72

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Juraj Kesner

We used He- pycnometer to measure grain density which we used to calculate the
porosity and we used permeameter to calculate the permeability only for the first two
samples (E 11 and E 27).

bulk
grain

( )

Sample

Permeability
[mD]

Grain density
[g/cm]

[%]

E 11

5187,571

2,7358

18,84

E 27

0,06

2,7655

1,64

2,7331

5,6

I/B1-5

For the third measurement of the porosity we need the electrical properties of both
samples. Therefore we need to saturate our samples.
For the measurement of conductivity we wrapped the samples with an isolating tape.
After this, we place both of the samples after each other in a 4-point-light instrument,
which conducts electrical current through them to measure their resistance. The
intensity of the current is 10 000 nA for the first two samples and 1000 nA for the last
one. The next step is that we measure the currents voltage of both samples.

Sample

[mV]

[nA]

I/B1-4

24,63

10 000

E 10

3,33

10 000

E 23

9,5

1000

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Juraj Kesner

After that we calculate the samples resistance and specific resistance with

R=

U
I

R0 = k *

k....................... geometric factor (

crosssection surface
length

U
I

U...................... voltage
I........................ currents intensity

Sample

[mV]

[nA]

I/B1-4

24,63

10000

R
[ ]
2463

K
0,0218

R0
[ m ]
53,69

E 10

3,33

10000

333

0,0224

7,46

E 23

9,5

1000

9500

0,0212

201,4

[m]

In order to calculate the specific resistivity of the water we need the value of
conductivity which is 3,37 S/cm.

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Juraj Kesner

Rw =

1
K

3,37

= 0,2967 [m]

The final step is to calculate the porosity by using the formation factor of the samples.

1
F

F....................... formation factor

m......................=2

F=
Sample

Ro

R0
Rw

F
[k]

Archie

[m]

Rw
[m]

I/B1-4

53,29

0,2967

180,96

7,43

E 10

7,46

0,2967

25,14

19,94

E 23

201,4

0,2967

678,8

3,84

[%]

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Juraj Kesner