UNIT-1
MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS AND MEMORY
STORAGE DEVICES
1. What is Computer?
A computer is defined as an electronic
data processing
machine. It receives and stores large amount of information and
process them at a high speed according to the given instructions.
2. What are the classifications of computer?
The computer are classified as below,
*PC or personal computer.
*PC-XT or personal computer with extended technology.
*PC-AT or personal computer with advanced technology.
*PC- Pentium.
3. What Is Daughter boards (Interface Cards)?
Interface cards are electronic circuits that enable a PC to
connect to or interface with another device. These are inserted
into one
of the
I/O
expansion slots available in the
motherboard.
4. What are the types of daughter boards?
*IDE
card.
*SCSI card.
*Network interface cards.
5. What is expansion slots?
The I/O devices like FDD,HDD, printers and mouse are
connected to the CPU through their respective interface cards.
These interface cards are connected in the I/O expansion slots
available in the motherboard.
6. What are the front panel controls & rear side connectors?
*Front Panel Controls:
This unit include LEDs and Switches.
bus.
*IDE drives can be connected to all the type of systems.
*IDE design supports two internal hard disks.
17. What is SCSI (Small computer system interface)?
SCSI refer to small computer system interface. This was
introduced in 1986.
read
only
UNIT-2
I/O DEVICES AND INTERFACE
PC/PC-XT keyboard
PC-AT keyboard
Enhanced PC-AT keyboard
Windows keyboard
Multimedia keyboard
Remote keyboard
5. What is display?
A display device is an output device for presentation of
information for visual, stored or transmitted in various forms. When the
input information is supplied as an electrical signal, the display is
called electronic display.
4. Print quality
5. Line spacing
6. Auto line feed.
7. Character set for different countries.
10. What is ink jet printer?
Inkjet printers are non-impact printers. The characters are
formed by spraying ink droplets on the paper by pumping ink through
a nozzle from a ink tank.
11. What is the SMPS?
SMPS-Switched Mode Power Supply.
It converts A/C electrical power into suitable D/C voltage. The
SMPS voltage levels and functions are
DC Output : +5v, +12v,-5v,-12v.
12. What is USB?
Universal Series Bus.
UBS refers to universal series bus. This was developed jointly by
Intel, Compaq, IBM, Microsoft, etc.
In September 1995.
The features are,
1. Maximum of 127 devices can be connected to a port using a
hub or daisy chaining,
2. It carries 5v power supply. So we connect hand held
scanners, hand disks etc directly to this port.
No need for giving a
separate power supply.
3. Its data transfer rate is 12M bits/sec.
13. What is the classification of cables?
Internal cables are
8
UNIT-3
TROUBLE SHOOTING OF DESKTOP AND LAPTOPS
1. What is BIOS?
BIOS stands for basic input output system. All motherboard has a
small block of read only memory(ROM).This contain a set of program
that are used to supervise the operation of the computer these
program are called bios or ROMBIOS. This acts as an interface
between the processer and other motherboard component
2. What is different function of BIOS?
*Start up routines
*Service handling routines
*Hardware interrupts handling routines
3. What are different types of CMOS set up?
*Standard setup
*advanced setup
*chip set setup
*power management setup
*load fail save default
4. What is post?
Post is a series of program routine in the motherboard ROM firm ware
and is used to check the system components .they was introduced IBM
in 1981.when we switch on the computer, POST is executed first and
automatically perform a series of test that checks the various
component in the system the components tested by POST are CPU,
ROM motherboard supports circuitry ,memory and major peripherals.
10
error message
No beep
power supply
Continuous beep
power supply
motherboard
11
12
13
UNIT-4
COMPUTER NETWORK DEVICES AND OSI LAYERS
14
11.
12.
13.
16
What is simplex?
Data in a simplex channel is always one way
unidirectional communication.
Simplex channels are not often used because it is not
possible to send back error or control signals to the
transmit end.
20.
21.
What is full-duplex?
Data can travel in both directions simultaneously. There is
no need to switch from transmit to receive mode like
18
19
Unit-5
802. X AND TCP/IP PROTOCOLS
1) What is the type of protocol?
*transmission control protocol (TCP).
*internet protocol (IP).
2) What is OSI?
* Open system interconnection is a set of protocols that allows any
two different
system to communicate regardless of their underlying architectures .the
purpose of OSI is to
show how to facilitate communication between different system without
requiring changes
to the logic of the underlying hardware and software.
3) What is TCP/IP?
* TCP/IP is usually called transport layer it designed
to allow peer entities on the source and destination hosts
to carry on a conversation, just as in the OSI transport
layer.
4) What are sockets?
*Sockets are defined in the operating system as a structure .two
processes need a
socket at each to communicate with each other.
5) What is TCP?
* TCP (transmission control protocol). TCP is a connection
oriented protocol, a connection can be made from client to server and
from then on any data can be send along
that connection.
20
6) What is UDP?
* The symbol unreliable transport layer protocol in the internet is
called user datagram protocol. it does not add anything to the services of
IP except for providing process to process communication instead of host
to host communication.
7) What is IP?
* It consists of IP header that includes source address, destination
address and other information use by the receiving host.
* Purpose of IP is to address and route packets accordingly through the
network.
8) What is IGMP?
*internet group management protocol(IGMP) helps multicast routers
create and update a
list of royal members related to routed interface. IGMP not a multicasting
routing protocol.
9) What is ICMP?
*internet control message protocol ICMP message type is encapsulated in
a IP packet. ICMP sends five type of errors report in messages and four
pairs of query messages to support the unreliable and connectionless
internet protocol.
21
22
*It is the latest version of the internet protocol has a 128 bit address
space, revised header format, new options, allocation for extension,
support for resource allocation, and increased security measures. it
provides host to host communication between systems in the internet.
18) What is FTP?
* File transfer protocol. It is the standard mechanism provided by the
internet for copying a file from one host to another. Transferring files from
one computer to another is one of the most common tasks expected from a
networking or internetworking environment.
19) What is Ethernet?
* The IEEE 802.3 standard defines Ethernet at the physical and data link
layers of the OSI network model.
*The types of Ethernet is 10base5, 10base2, 10baset, 10basef, 100baset.
20) What is fast Ethernet?
*Fast Ethernet refers to a set of specifications developed by the IEEE
802.3 committee to provide a low cost, Ethernet-compatible LAN operating
at 100mbps.
21) What is TEL NET?
*Terminal networking provides a remote login capability, which
enables a user at a terminal or personal computer to log on to a remote
computer and function as if directly connected to that computer. the
protocol was designed to work with simple scroll-mode terminals.
22) What is simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)?
*It is the standard mechanism for electronic for electronic mail in the
internet. A feature of SMTP includes mailing lists, return receipts, and
forwarding.
23) What is HTTP?
23
24