LTE has been defined to accommodate both paired spectrum for Frequency Division Duplex, FDD and unpaired spectrum for Time
Division Duplex, TDD operation. It is anticipated that both LTE TDD and LTE FDD will be widely deployed as each form of the LTE
standard has its own advantages and disadvantages and decisions can be made about which format to adopt dependent upon the
particular application.
LTE FDD using the paired spectrum is anticipated to form the migration path for the current 3G services being used around the
globe, most of which use FDD paired spectrum. However there has been an additional emphasis on including TDD LTE using
unpaired spectrum. TDD LTE which is also known as TD-LTE is seen as providing the evolution or upgrade path for TD-SCDMA.
In view of the increased level of importance being placed upon LTE TDD or TD-LTE, it is planned that user equipments will be
designed to accommodate both FDD and TDD modes. With TDD having an increased level of importance placed upon it, it means
that TDD operations will be able to benefit from the economies of scale that were previously only open to FDD operations.
Duplex schemes
It is essential that any cellular communications system must be able to transmit in both directions simultaneously. This enables
conversations to be made, with either end being able to talk and listen as required. Additionally when exchanging data it is
necessary to be able to undertake virtually simultaneous or completely simultaneous communications in both directions.
It is necessary to be able to specify the different direction of transmission so that it is possible to easily identify in which direction the
transmission is being made. There are a variety of differences between the two links ranging from the amount of data carried to the
transmission format, and the channels implemented. The two links are defined:
Uplink: the transmission from the UE or user equipment to the eNodeB or base station.
Downlink the transmission from the eNodeB or base station to the UE or user equipment.
Click on the link for more information on TDD FDD duplex schemes
Both FDD and TDD have their own advantages and disadvantages. Accordingly they may be used for different applications, or
where the bias of the communications is different.
LTE-TDD
LTE-FDD
Paired spectrum
Hardware cost
Channel
reciprocity
UL / DL
asymmetry
Guard period /
guard band
Discontinuous
transmission
Cross slot
interference
Not applicable