EEEB 161, Semester 3, 2011/2012

Report
Lab 8: Security Monitoring System Using Multiplexer
and Demultiplexer

Name
ID

: Lim Pei Fan

: EE087695

Name
ID

: Phua Mei Guan

: EE087732

Instructor

: Nurul Asyikin

Section

:3

Submission Date: 2 May 2012

Objectives:
To learn the functions of multiplexers (MUX) and de-multiplexers (DEMUX).
Learn to configure a 555 IC to produce a waveform or a clock signal.
To experience building digital subsystem from combining together with different MSI logic
ICs.

Equipments:
IDL800 digital experimenter
74151, 74138, 7493
555 Timer
Resistors
Capacitors
PROCEDURE

1. The circuit of the security monitoring system below was constructed.

(a.) The simulation of the doors was done using the toggle switches on the digital
experimenter.
(b.) Three of the doors was put to permanently open by connecting them to the
+5V node on the digital experimenter, so that their signals will always
indicated as 1.
(c.) The MOD-8 CTR that have been derived from the 74LS93chip was not
connected yet to the MUX and DEMUX at this stage, as we need to test the
functionality of the MUX and DEMUX by connecting the select inputs to the
toggle switches.

2.

The MUX and DEMUX were given a sequence for two times, starting from 000 to 111
using the toggle switches that connected to the select inputs.
3. The LEDs were monitored.
4. At this stage, troubleshooting was done if there is any problem regarding to the MUX and
DEMUX, based on the LEDs result previously.
5. After all tests were done, and the MUX and DEMUX was functioningproperly, the MOD
8 CTR was built at another portion of theprotoboard, without dismantling the MUX and
DEMUX. The completedMOD-8 CTR then was connected to the pulse switch to check
for any problem.
6. After the test was successful, the MOD-8 CTR then was connected to the MUX and
DEMUX. The connection from toggle switches to the MUX and DEMUX previously
was disconnected.
7. The sequence produced by the LEDs was monitored, while leaving the three
permanently opened doors being opened.
8. The 555 Timer was used to generate clock signals to the MOD-8 CTR. Potentiometer
(1M) was used as R on the timer circuit to adjust the clock rate (speed of the
sequencing LEDs) to an appropriate interval. The 3.3k resistor was used as RA.
9. The position of the switches that simulate the doors was changed since we can connect
all the doors to the switches. The signals on the LEDs were then monitored.
10. The final working circuit was then demonstrated to the instructor.

Results:

I0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

I1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

I2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0

IMPUTS
I3
I4
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

I5
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0

I6
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0

I7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

O0
B
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

O1
1
B
1
1
1
1
1
1

O2
1
1
B
1
1
1
1
1

OUTPUTS
O3 O4
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
1
1
B
1
1
1
1
1
1

O5
1
1
1
1
1
B
1
1

O6
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
1

O7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B

*B indicates the LEDs output as Blinking

Discussion:
From the experiment, the multiplexer, demultiplexer, MOD-8 counter and 555 timer are
used to build the security monitoring system. A multiplexer is a combinational circuit that selects
binary information from one of many input lines and directs it to a single output line. The
multiplexer is called a data selector and acts like an electronic switch that selects one of many
sources. The demultiplexer is called a data distributor and acts like an electronic switch that
selects one of many output devices. This logic function has multiple data inputs from which to
choose, but only one of the inputs will appear on the output. In this experiment, we are using
74LS151 as multiplexer, a one-of-eight or 8channels MUX. On the other hand, a DEMUX has
several possible destinations for the input data to be sent to. The single output line that will
receive the data is controlled by the specific select code applied to the DEMUX. In this
experiment, we are using 74LS138 as demultiplexer, which is 1 line to 8 lines DEMUX.
In the experiment, the multiplexer is used to select the input from 000 to 111 which are
door 0 to door 7 and directs it to a single output line. Firstly, MUX and DEMUX are being
connected to test the functionality and flashing of the LED at the outputs of DEMUX, (Pin 7 and
from Pin 9 to 15). The inputs of MUX are from Pin 1 to 4 and from Pin 12 to15. The A, B, and C
labeled pin, (which is pin 11, 10, and 9 respectively)is connected to Pin 1 (A), 2 (B) and 3 (C) of
the DEMUX accordingly. To make sure that the circuit is functioning, we need to troubleshoot.
In order to troubleshoot, we connected Pin 12, 13 and 14 (which is originally connected to the

Switch sw7, sw6 and sw5 respectively) of MUX to the VCC and connecting the wires from Pin
9, 10 and 11 to the Switch 5, 6 and7. An inverted data output from the multiplexer is then
connected to the demultiplexer as an enable control input. This result only one of the LED light
off at the same time when the input is selected. When 000 is selected, only the first LED light
will light out. While 001 is selected, only the second LED light will light out. In other words,
only one of the LED light will light out alternately when the inputs are selected from 000 to111.
Then a counter is a specialised register or pattern generator that produces a specified
output pattern or sequence of binary values (or states) upon the application of an input pulse
called the "Clock". The clock is actually used for data in these applications. Typically, counters
are logic circuits than can increment or decrement a count by one but when used as asynchronous
divide-by-n counters they are able to divide these input pulses producing a clock division signal.
Counters are formed by connecting flip-flops together and any number of flip-flops can be
connected or "cascaded" together to form a "divide-by-n" binary counter where "n" is the number
of counter stages used and which is called the Modulus. The modulus or simply "MOD" of a
counter is the number of output states the counter goes through before returning itself back to
zero, ie, one complete cycle. A counter with three flip-flops like the circuit above will count from
0 to 7 ie, 2n-1. It has eight different output states representing the decimal numbers 0 to 7 and is
called a Modulo-8 or MOD-8 counter.
In the experiment, MOD-8 counter is used to control input from 000 to 111 so that the
input will count from 000 to 111 and returning itself back to 000 after complete one cycle by
using one input which is pulse switch on the experimenter as clock pulse to the counter. The 555
timer that will produce a periodic clock signal is used to act as a free running oscillator which
will change the inputs automatically after certain times to get the outputs without pressing on the
pulse switch on the experimenter. The outputs which are one of the LED lights will light out
alternately from the first LED light to the last LED lights and then repeating after one cycle.
Next, we have to connect 555 Timer to the Modulo-8 Counter which had connected
to MUX and DEMUX initially to generate clock signals. We had connected 1M Potentiometer,
0.1F and 500pF external capacitors to the 555 Timer in order to determine the frequency of
oscillations and its duty cycle. The value of R (1M) must be greater than R (3.3k) to

perform a 50% duty cycle. We had use 1M Potentiometer as R to adjust the clock rate and set
it to an appropriate interval. By changing the position of the switches that stimulate the doors, we
are able to monitor the signals on the LEDs. When the frequency of the Modulo-8 counter is
increased, the blinking rate of the LEDs also increased.
Finally, by combining these 4 components (MUX, DEMUX, Modulo-8Counter and 555
Timer), we are able to implement a security monitoring system in the laboratory experiment. The
system is to monitor then open or closed status of 8 access doors in an industrial plant which are
door 0to door 7. The status of each door is displayed on the LEDs that are mounted on a remote
monitoring panel at the security guards station. If a door is open, its LED will turn on only
during the time interval that the counter is at the appropriate count and it will be off at all the
other counts. The blinking rate can be adjusted by changing the frequency of the clock., in the
experiment, there is an error occurred. The LED light only light out when the input is even
numbers while all the LED light lighted when the input is odd numbers. This might be due to a few
reasons. It might be a faulty 555 Timer chip, incorrect resistor values, or a faulty circuit board.
However with some troubleshooting and some help from the lab instructor, we were able to
achieve the expected results.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have managed to achieve the objectives of this experiment. Based on

this experiment, we are able to build the security monitoring using multiplexer, demultiplexer,

counter and 555 timer by showing the outputs using LEDs light. The multiplexer functions as a
collector to collect all the inputs and steer it to a single output. While the demultiplexer gets a
single output and distributes them to various outputs. This configuration is ideal for this
circuit, which is to monitor several inputs and display the outputs for each input. We have also
learned to configure a 555 Timer IC to produce a waveform or a clock signal. By using the 555
timer, we no need to press the pulse switch which is the clock pulse to the counter since the 555
timer will generate a periodic clock signal so the inputs will change automatically after a certain
period. In this experiment we configured the 555 Timer to produce clock signals for theModulo-8
counter. Besides that, we understood the operation of security system. We are able to experience
building digital subsystem from combining together with different MSI logic ICs.