Analysis of Power Flow, Continuous Power Flow

and Transient Stability of IEEE-14 Bus Integrated

Wind Farm Using PSAT
Satish Kumar,Ph.D.Scholar
Department of Electrical
Engineering NIT, Kurukshetra,
Haryana, India

AbstractRenewable energy systems are becoming

necessary for higher power demands to compensate for
maximum demand by the consumer. Wind energy system is
one of the methods to generate power in connection with the
conventional power systems. But when this wind farm is
integrated to the grid system, the stability of the system tends
to decrease.In this paper IEEE-14 Bus system using PSAT is
used to evaluate the performance of the system, integrated with
wind energy system, when subjected to fault. Using PSAT we
first build an IEEE-14 bus test system and analyzed the
performance by simulation. We introduced a three-phase
symmetrical fault at various buses and study the voltage
variations in all the buses with respect to time. We have
connected a wind turbine at different buses and study the
effect of wind power on the transient fault behavior. Our
results show that the integration of wind farm has increased
the transit stability of the system.
KeywordsVoltage Stability,Voltage Instability, Transient
Stability, Wind Turbine, PF,CPF

I.

INTRODUCTION

Power system stability has been a major concern in the

area of power system because of voltage collapse. Stability
analysis is important for designing the power network & for
power enhancement.so various power networks are analyzed
to operate in stable region. Due to increase in power demand
day by day more & more focus is being done to control the
voltage profile of the system. With increase in power
demand new resource of power generation is being done
.wind energy is one of the renewable sources of energy
which is in demand now a day, because of various
advantages associated with it. When this wind farm is
integrated to the conventional grid, the voltage profile of
system tends to decrease .this causes voltage instability.
This voltage instability is due to the decrease in the reactive
power of the lines.
II.

VOLTAGE STABILITY

The purpose of Voltage stability analysis is to keep the

power system with in the stability limits. Voltage instability
includes generation, transmission and distribution. A system
is said to be unstable when there is a progressive or

978-1-4673-7492-7/15/$31.00 2015 IEEE

N K Sharma, Director
Vidya college of Engineering
Meerut, U.P., India
drnikhlesh@gmail.com

Ashwani Kumar, Professor

Department of Electrical
Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra,
Haryana, India
ashwa_ks@yahoo.co.in

uncontrolled drop in voltage magnitude after a disturbance,

increase in load demand or change in operating conditions
[1]. Many major blackouts caused by power system
instability have been studied so far, which illustrates the
importance of these phenomena [2].Various types of voltage
stabilities, their classification & transient stability have been
studied to make voltage instability problem more confined
& conceptual [3].
III.

TRANSIENT STABILITY

For stability analysis, problems are generally divided into

two major categories
Steady-state stability
Transient stability
The ability of the power system to regain synchronism after
small and slow disturbances is called Steady-state stability
.An extension of the steady-state stability is known as the
dynamic stability. Transient stability studies deals with the
effects of large, sudden disturbances, such as the occurrence
of the fault, the sudden outage of a line.so when
symmetrical fault is introduced in the system, transient
stability of the system gets disturbed. Hence controlling
transient stability is another challenge, especially when
system is integrated with some external source. There are
some methods to improve the transient stability of the
integrated system [4] [5] [6].
IV.

WIND FARM TECHNOLOGY

Over the past two decades development of renewal energy

resources has intensified. Of the various energy resources,
wind energy being freely available and non-polluting, has
been favored by number of users now a days as it is
economically competitive with the conventional sources.
from the past decade Wind power has grown annually at the
rate of 20%.this growth rate is faster than any another
renewal energy resource in the world. This has become
possible only due to the availability of the wind power, low
cost & highly reliable. It is expected that throughout the
world almost 12% of the worlds electricity will be
generated from wind power by 2020 [7].

V.

PSAT(POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TOOLBOX)

PSAT is a MATLAB toolbox for electric power system

analysis and control. The command line version of PSAT is
also GNU Octave compatible. PSAT includes power flow,
continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small signal
stability analysis and time domain simulation. All
operations can be assessed by means of graphical user
interfaces (GUIs) and a Simulink-based library provides an
user friendly tool for network design [8].PSAT core is the
power flow routine, which also takes care of state variable
initialization. Once the power flow has been solved, further
static and/or dynamic analysis can be performed. These
routines are
Optimal power flow(OPF)
Continuation Power flow(CPF)
Small signal stability analysis
Time domain simulations
PSAT also includes a variety of utilities, as follows,
Simulink library for drawing networks
GUIs for settings system and routine parameters
User defined model construction and installation
GUI for plotting results
Filters for converting data to and from other
formats
Command logs
VI.

VIII.

POWER FLOW AND CONTINUOUS POWER

FLOW FOR IEEE-14 BUS SYSTEM BASE
CASE
We have taken IEEE 14-bus model as the base model for
stability analysis. Now using PSAT we perform power flow,
continuation power flow, and time domain analysis for
IEEE-1 bus test system

Fig.1 IEEE-14 Bus Test System

TABLE I.

Power Flows results for IEEE-14 Bus

Test System

TIME DOMAIN SIMULATION

Time domain simulation is done in order to find out

satisfactory performance of any system subjected to various
changes in the system like, integration with some renewal
resources, introduction of some faults in the system. When
fault/disturbances in the system is introduces its, clearance
with critical clearing time is calculated. Least critical
clearing time is an indication of resuming stability in a very
short span of time.
1. Power Flow(PF)
A power flow study (load-flow study) is a steady-state
analysis whose aim is to determine the voltages, currents,
and real and reactive power flows in a system under a given
load conditions. The purpose of power flow studies is to
plan ahead and account for various hypothetical situations.
For example, if a transmission line is be taken off line for
maintenance, can the remaining lines in the system handle
the required loads without exceeding their rated values.
2. Contineous Power Flow(CPF)
Continuous power flow method is used to determine the
voltage collapse point in the system. In this paper CPF using
PSAT is performed for integrated wing farm and once the
fault is introduced within the system Continuation power
flow allows the load voltage to be computed even when the
power flow Jacobean matrix is singular. The complete PV
curve, including the nose point and the lower part of the
curve, can be drawn using continuation power flow.

Network Statistics

Number

Solution Statistics

Buses

14

Number of Iterations

41

Lines

16

Maximum P mismatch

Transformers

Maximum Q mismatch

Generators

Load

11

Power rate [MVA]

TABLE II.
Network Statistics
Buses

Number

100

Continuous Power Flows results for

IEEE-14 Bus Test System

Number

14

Lines

16

Transformers

Generators
Loads

5
11

Solution Statistics
Number of Iterations
Maximum P
mismatch
Maximum Q
mismatch

Number

Power rate [MVA]

100

3
0
0

Fig.2 Voltage Profile of all buses for base case using PF

Fig.7 Angle Profile of all buses for base case using CPF

Fig.8 Reactive Power Profile of all buses for base case

using CPF
Fig.3 Angle Profile of all buses for base case using PF

Fig.4 Reactive Power Profile of all buses for base case

using PF
Fig.9 Real Power Profile of all buses for base case using
CPF

Fig.5 Real power profile of all buses for base case using PF

Fig.10 Omega v/s time graph for IEEE-14 Bus system Base
Case

Fig.6 Voltage Profile of all buses for base case using CPF

TABLE III.
Power
Real Power [p.u.]
Reactive Power
[p.u.]

Global Summary Report CPF for IEEE-14

Bus Test System (Base Case)

Total
Generation
7.6104

7.6104

Total
Losses
1.4672

7.6553

7.6553

5.7246

Total Load

Fig.12 Voltage Profile of all buses using PF, when fault is

introduced

Fig.13 Angle Profile of all buses using PF, when fault is

introduce

Fig.11 IEEE-14 Bus system with fault at Bus No-2

TABLE IV.

Power Flows results for IEEE-14 Bus Test

System (with fault)

Network Statistics

Number

Solution Statistics

Buses

14

Number of Iterations

41

Lines

16

Maximum P mismatch

Transformers

Maximum Q mismatch

Generators

Load

11

Power rate [MVA]

TABLE V.
Network Statistics
Buses

Number
14

Lines

16

Transformers

Generators

Loads

11

Number

100

Continuous Power Flows results for IEEE14 Bus Test System (with fault)
Solution Statistics
Number of Iterations
Maximum P
mismatch
Maximum Q
mismatch

Number
3

Power rate [MVA]

100

Fig.14 Reactive power Profile of all buses using PF, when

fault is introduced

0
0

Fig.15 Real power Profile of all buses using PF, when fault
is introduced

TABLE VI.

Power
Real Power [p.u.]
Reactive Power
[p.u.]

Global Summary Report CPF for IEEE-14

Bus Test System (Base Case)

Total
Generation
7.6104
7.6553

6.1432

Total
Losses
1.4672

1.9307

5.7246

Total Load

Fig.19 Real power Profile of all buses using CPF, when fault
is introduced

Fig.16 Voltage Profile of all buses using CPF, when fault is introduced

Fig.20 Omega v/s time graph for IEEE-14 Bus system subjected to
fault

Fig.17 Angle Profile of all buses using C PF, when fault is introduced

Fig.18 Reactive power Profile of all buses using CPF, when fault is
introduced
Fig.21 IEEE-14 Bus system with wind turbine at Bus No-14

Fig.22 Omega v/s time graph for IEEE-14 Bus system integrated
with wind turbine connected at Bus No-14

shown in Fig.2 to Fig.19.In the next step we have introduced

the fault and analysed power flow, continuous power flow &
time domain analysis. Time domain simulation in figure.20
shows that the system is under unstable region.In order to
improve the transient behaviour of the system one wind
turbine generator is connected to system through a
transmission line at Bus No-14. Fig.22 shows that the time
domain behaviourof the system is slightly improved when we
introduced wind turbine at bus-14.Further we have connected
the same system at Bus No-1. We can see from Fig. 23 that the
time response of the system is greatly enhanced when we
introduced wind turbine at Bus No -1.
Hence based on the above results and discussions it is seen
that transient behavior of the system depends on the location
of wind turbine as well.It can also be concluded that the large
amount of wind power penetration causes instability in the
power system & it happens when a very large part of the
synchronous generation capacity is replaced by wind power.
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[1]
[2]
[3]

[4]
Fig.23 Omega v/s time graph for IEEE-14 Bus system integrated
with wind turbine connected at Bus No-14
[5]

VIII.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

In this paper IEEE-14 bus sytem is used to see the effect on

transient behaviour of the system when subjected to fault and
when wind turbine is integrated at different locations of the
said system.In the first case power flow, continuous power
flow and time domain simulation of the system is studied
using PSAT. Various voltage profile, angle profile of Buses,
reactive power & real power of different buses have been

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